passenger 2.2.15 → 3.0.0.pre1

data/ext/common/LoggingAgent/ChangeNotifier.h

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*
+ *  Phusion Passenger - http://www.modrails.com/
+ *  Copyright (c) 2010 Phusion
+ *
+ *  "Phusion Passenger" is a trademark of Hongli Lai & Ninh Bui.
+ *
+ *  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ *  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ *  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ *  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ *  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ *  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ *  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ *  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ *  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ *  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ *  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ *  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ *  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ *  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ *  THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef _PASSENGER_CHANGE_NOTIFIER_H_
+#define _PASSENGER_CHANGE_NOTIFIER_H_
+
+#include <boost/function.hpp>
+#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
+#include <string>
+#include <ev++.h>
+#include "DataStoreId.h"
+#include "../EventedClient.h"
+#include "../FileDescriptor.h"
+#include "../StaticString.h"
+
+namespace Passenger {
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace boost;
+
+
+class ChangeNotifier {
+public:
+	typedef function<string (const StaticString &groupName, const StaticString &nodeName,
+		const StaticString &category)> GetLastPosFunction;
+	
+	GetLastPosFunction getLastPos;
+	
+	ChangeNotifier(struct ev_loop *_loop) { }
+	virtual ~ChangeNotifier() { }
+	
+	virtual void addClient(const FileDescriptor &fd) { }
+	
+	virtual void changed(const DataStoreId &dataStoreId) { }
+};
+
+typedef shared_ptr<ChangeNotifier> ChangeNotifierPtr;
+
+
+} // namespace Passenger
+
+#endif /* _PASSENGER_CHANGE_NOTIFIER_H_ */

data/ext/common/LoggingAgent/DataStoreId.h

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+/*
+ *  Phusion Passenger - http://www.modrails.com/
+ *  Copyright (c) 2010 Phusion
+ *
+ *  "Phusion Passenger" is a trademark of Hongli Lai & Ninh Bui.
+ *
+ *  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ *  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ *  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ *  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ *  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ *  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ *  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ *  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ *  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ *  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ *  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ *  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ *  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ *  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ *  THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef _PASSENGER_DATA_STORE_ID_H_
+#define _PASSENGER_DATA_STORE_ID_H_
+
+#include <cstring>
+#include <climits>
+#include <cassert>
+#include "StaticString.h"
+
+namespace Passenger {
+
+
+/**
+ * Efficient representation for a (groupName, nodeName, category) tuple.
+ */
+class DataStoreId {
+private:
+	char *id;
+	unsigned short groupNameSize;
+	unsigned short nodeNameSize;
+	unsigned short categorySize;
+	
+	size_t totalSize() const {
+		return groupNameSize + nodeNameSize + categorySize + 3;
+	}
+	
+	StaticString toStaticString() const {
+		if (id == NULL) {
+			return StaticString();
+		} else {
+			return StaticString(id, totalSize());
+		}
+	}
+	
+public:
+	DataStoreId(const StaticString &groupName, const StaticString &nodeName,
+		const StaticString &category)
+	{
+		assert(groupName.size() <= USHRT_MAX);
+		assert(nodeName.size() <= USHRT_MAX);
+		assert(category.size() <= USHRT_MAX);
+		
+		char *end;
+		
+		id = new char[groupName.size() + nodeName.size() +
+			category.size() + 3];
+		end = id;
+		
+		memcpy(end, groupName.c_str(), groupName.size());
+		groupNameSize = groupName.size();
+		end += groupName.size();
+		*end = '\0';
+		end++;
+		
+		memcpy(end, nodeName.c_str(), nodeName.size());
+		nodeNameSize = nodeName.size();
+		end += nodeName.size();
+		*end = '\0';
+		end++;
+		
+		memcpy(end, category.c_str(), category.size());
+		categorySize = category.size();
+		end += category.size();
+		*end = '\0';
+	}
+	
+	DataStoreId() {
+		id = NULL;
+	}
+	
+	DataStoreId(const DataStoreId &other) {
+		if (other.id == NULL) {
+			id = NULL;
+		} else {
+			id = new char[other.totalSize()];
+			memcpy(id, other.id, other.totalSize());
+			groupNameSize = other.groupNameSize;
+			nodeNameSize = other.nodeNameSize;
+			categorySize = other.categorySize;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	~DataStoreId() {
+		delete id;
+	}
+	
+	DataStoreId &operator=(const DataStoreId &other) {
+		if (other.id == NULL) {
+			delete id;
+			id = NULL;
+			return *this;
+		} else {
+			if (totalSize() != other.totalSize()) {
+				delete id;
+				id = NULL;
+			}
+			if (id == NULL) {
+				id = new char[other.totalSize()];
+			}
+			memcpy(id, other.id, other.totalSize());
+			groupNameSize = other.groupNameSize;
+			nodeNameSize = other.nodeNameSize;
+			categorySize = other.categorySize;
+			return *this;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	bool operator<(const DataStoreId &other) const {
+		return toStaticString() < other.toStaticString();
+	}
+	
+	bool operator==(const DataStoreId &other) const {
+		if (id == NULL) {
+			return other.id == NULL;
+		} else {
+			if (other.id == NULL) {
+				return false;
+			} else {
+				return toStaticString() == other.toStaticString();
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	StaticString getGroupName() const {
+		if (id != NULL) {
+			return StaticString(id, groupNameSize);
+		} else {
+			return StaticString();
+		}
+	}
+	
+	StaticString getNodeName() const {
+		if (id != NULL) {
+			return StaticString(id + groupNameSize + 1,
+				nodeNameSize);
+		} else {
+			return StaticString();
+		}
+	}
+	
+	StaticString getCategory() const {
+		if (id != NULL) {
+			return StaticString(id + groupNameSize + 1 + nodeNameSize + 1,
+				categorySize);
+		} else {
+			return StaticString();
+		}
+	}
+};
+
+
+} // namespace Passenger
+
+#endif /* _PASSENGER_DATA_STORE_ID_H_ */

data/ext/common/LoggingAgent/LoggingServer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,1343 @@
+/*
+ *  Phusion Passenger - http://www.modrails.com/
+ *  Copyright (c) 2010 Phusion
+ *
+ *  "Phusion Passenger" is a trademark of Hongli Lai & Ninh Bui.
+ *
+ *  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ *  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ *  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ *  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ *  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ *  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ *  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ *  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ *  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ *  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ *  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ *  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ *  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ *  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ *  THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef _PASSENGER_LOGGING_SERVER_H_
+#define _PASSENGER_LOGGING_SERVER_H_
+
+#include <oxt/system_calls.hpp>
+#include <oxt/macros.hpp>
+#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
+#include <string>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <map>
+#include <ev++.h>
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <grp.h>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <ctime>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include "DataStoreId.h"
+#include "RemoteSender.h"
+#include "ChangeNotifier.h"
+#include "../EventedMessageServer.h"
+#include "../MessageReadersWriters.h"
+#include "../StaticString.h"
+#include "../Exceptions.h"
+#include "../MessageChannel.h"
+#include "../Constants.h"
+#include "../Utils.h"
+#include "../Utils/MD5.h"
+#include "../Utils/IOUtils.h"
+#include "../Utils/StrIntUtils.h"
+
+
+namespace Passenger {
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace boost;
+using namespace oxt;
+
+
+class LoggingServer: public EventedMessageServer {
+private:
+	static const int MAX_LOG_SINK_CACHE_SIZE = 512;
+	static const int GARBAGE_COLLECTION_TIMEOUT = 1.25 * 60 * 60;  // 1 hour 15 minutes
+	
+	struct LogSink;
+	typedef shared_ptr<LogSink> LogSinkPtr;
+	typedef map<string, LogSinkPtr> LogSinkCache;
+	
+	struct LogSink {
+		LoggingServer *server;
+		
+		/**
+		 * Marks how many times this LogSink is currently opened, i.e. the
+		 * number of Transaction objects currently referencing this LogSink.
+		 * @invariant
+		 *    (opened == 0) == (this LogSink is in LoggingServer.inactiveLogSinks)
+		 */
+		int opened;
+		
+		/** Last time this LogSink hit an open count of 0. */
+		ev_tstamp lastUsed;
+		
+		/** Last time data was actually written to the underlying storage device. */
+		ev_tstamp lastFlushed;
+		
+		/**
+		 * This LogSink's iterator inside LoggingServer.logSinkCache.
+		 */
+		LogSinkCache::iterator cacheIterator;
+		
+		/**
+		 * This LogSink's iterator inside LoggingServer.inactiveLogSinks.
+		 * Only valid when opened == 0.
+		 */
+		list<LogSinkPtr>::iterator inactiveLogSinksIterator;
+		
+		LogSink(LoggingServer *_server) {
+			server = _server;
+			opened = 0;
+			lastUsed = ev_now(server->getLoop());
+			lastFlushed = 0;
+		}
+		
+		virtual ~LogSink() {
+			// We really want to flush() here but can't call virtual
+			// functions in destructor. :(
+		}
+		
+		virtual bool isRemote() const {
+			return false;
+		}
+		
+		virtual void append(const DataStoreId &dataStoreId,
+			const StaticString &data) = 0;
+		virtual void flush() { }
+		virtual void dump(ostream &stream) const { }
+	};
+	
+	struct LogFile: public LogSink {
+		static const unsigned int BUFFER_CAPACITY = 8 * 1024;
+		
+		string filename;
+		FileDescriptor fd;
+		char buffer[BUFFER_CAPACITY];
+		unsigned int bufferSize;
+		
+		/**
+		 * Contains every (groupName, nodeName, category) tuple for
+		 * which their data is currently buffered in this sink.
+		 */
+		set<DataStoreId> dataStoreIds;
+		
+		LogFile(LoggingServer *server, const string &filename, mode_t filePermissions)
+			: LogSink(server)
+		{
+			int ret;
+			
+			bufferSize = 0;
+			
+			this->filename = filename;
+			fd = syscalls::open(filename.c_str(),
+				O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_APPEND,
+				filePermissions);
+			if (fd == -1) {
+				int e = errno;
+				throw FileSystemException("Cannnot open file", e, filename);
+			}
+			do {
+				ret = fchmod(fd, filePermissions);
+			} while (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR);
+		}
+		
+		virtual ~LogFile() {
+			flush();
+		}
+		
+		void notifyChanges() {
+			if (server->changeNotifier != NULL) {
+				set<DataStoreId>::const_iterator it;
+				set<DataStoreId>::const_iterator end = dataStoreIds.end();
+			
+				for (it = dataStoreIds.begin(); it != dataStoreIds.end(); it++) {
+					server->changeNotifier->changed(*it);
+				}
+			}
+			dataStoreIds.clear();
+		}
+		
+		virtual void append(const DataStoreId &dataStoreId, const StaticString &data) {
+			if (server->changeNotifier != NULL) {
+				dataStoreIds.insert(dataStoreId);
+			}
+			if (bufferSize + data.size() > BUFFER_CAPACITY) {
+				StaticString data2[2];
+				data2[0] = StaticString(buffer, bufferSize);
+				data2[1] = data;
+				
+				gatheredWrite(fd, data2, 2);
+				lastFlushed = ev_now(server->getLoop());
+				bufferSize = 0;
+				notifyChanges();
+			} else {
+				memcpy(buffer + bufferSize, data.data(), data.size());
+				bufferSize += data.size();
+			}
+		}
+		
+		virtual void flush() {
+			if (bufferSize > 0) {
+				lastFlushed = ev_now(server->getLoop());
+				MessageChannel(fd).writeRaw(StaticString(buffer, bufferSize));
+				bufferSize = 0;
+				notifyChanges();
+			}
+		}
+		
+		virtual void dump(ostream &stream) const {
+			stream << "   Log file: file=" << filename << ", "
+				"opened=" << opened << ", "
+				"age=" << long(ev_now(server->getLoop()) - lastUsed) << "\n";
+		}
+	};
+	
+	typedef shared_ptr<LogFile> LogFilePtr;
+	
+	struct RemoteSink: public LogSink {
+		/* RemoteSender compresses the data with zlib before sending it
+		 * to the server. Even including Base64 and URL encoding overhead,
+		 * this compresses the data to about 25% of its original size.
+		 * Therefore we set a buffer capacity of a little less than 4 times
+		 * the TCP maximum segment size so that we can send as much
+		 * data as possible to the server in a single TCP segment.
+		 * With the "little less" we take into account:
+		 * - HTTPS overhead. This can be as high as 2 KB.
+		 * - The fact that RemoteSink.append() might try to flush the
+		 *   current buffer the current data. Empirical evidence has
+		 *   shown that the data for a request transaction is usually
+		 *   less than 5 KB.
+		 */
+		static const unsigned int BUFFER_CAPACITY =
+			4 * 64 * 1024 -
+			16 * 1024;
+		
+		string unionStationKey;
+		string nodeName;
+		string category;
+		char buffer[BUFFER_CAPACITY];
+		unsigned int bufferSize;
+		
+		RemoteSink(LoggingServer *server, const string &unionStationKey,
+			const string &nodeName, const string &category)
+			: LogSink(server)
+		{
+			this->unionStationKey = unionStationKey;
+			this->nodeName = nodeName;
+			this->category = category;
+			this->bufferSize = 0;
+		}
+		
+		virtual ~RemoteSink() {
+			flush();
+		}
+		
+		virtual bool isRemote() const {
+			return true;
+		}
+		
+		virtual void append(const DataStoreId &dataStoreId, const StaticString &data) {
+			if (bufferSize + data.size() > BUFFER_CAPACITY) {
+				StaticString data2[2];
+				data2[0] = StaticString(buffer, bufferSize);
+				data2[1] = data;
+				
+				server->remoteSender.schedule(unionStationKey, nodeName,
+					category, data2, 2);
+				lastFlushed = ev_now(server->getLoop());
+				bufferSize = 0;
+			} else {
+				memcpy(buffer + bufferSize, data.data(), data.size());
+				bufferSize += data.size();
+			}
+		}
+		
+		virtual void flush() {
+			if (bufferSize > 0) {
+				lastFlushed = ev_now(server->getLoop());
+				StaticString data(buffer, bufferSize);
+				server->remoteSender.schedule(unionStationKey, nodeName,
+					category, &data, 1);
+				bufferSize = 0;
+			}
+		}
+		
+		virtual void dump(ostream &stream) const {
+			stream << "   Remote sink: "
+				"key=" << unionStationKey << ", "
+				"node=" << nodeName << ", "
+				"category=" << category << ", "
+				"opened=" << opened << ", "
+				"age=" << long(ev_now(server->getLoop()) - lastUsed) << ", "
+				"bufferSize=" << bufferSize <<
+				"\n";
+		}
+	};
+	
+	struct Transaction {
+		LoggingServer *server;
+		LogSinkPtr logSink;
+		string txnId;
+		DataStoreId dataStoreId;
+		unsigned int writeCount;
+		int refcount;
+		bool crashProtect, discarded;
+		string data;
+		
+		Transaction(LoggingServer *server) {
+			this->server = server;
+			data.reserve(8 * 1024);
+		}
+		
+		~Transaction() {
+			if (logSink != NULL) {
+				if (!discarded) {
+					logSink->append(dataStoreId, data);
+				}
+				server->closeLogSink(logSink);
+			}
+		}
+		
+		StaticString getGroupName() const {
+			return dataStoreId.getGroupName();
+		}
+		
+		StaticString getNodeName() const {
+			return dataStoreId.getNodeName();
+		}
+		
+		StaticString getCategory() const {
+			return dataStoreId.getCategory();
+		}
+		
+		void discard() {
+			data.clear();
+			discarded = true;
+		}
+		
+		void dump(ostream &stream) const {
+			stream << "   Transaction " << txnId << ":\n";
+			stream << "      Group   : " << getGroupName() << "\n";
+			stream << "      Node    : " << getNodeName() << "\n";
+			stream << "      Category: " << getCategory() << "\n";
+			stream << "      Refcount: " << refcount << "\n";
+		}
+	};
+	
+	typedef shared_ptr<Transaction> TransactionPtr;
+	
+	enum ClientType {
+		UNINITIALIZED,
+		LOGGER,
+		WATCHER
+	};
+	
+	struct Client: public EventedMessageClient {
+		string nodeName;
+		ClientType type;
+		char nodeId[MD5_HEX_SIZE];
+		/**
+		 * Set of transaction IDs opened by this client.
+		 * @invariant This is a subset of the transaction IDs in the 'transactions' member.
+		 */
+		set<string> openTransactions;
+		ScalarMessage dataReader;
+		TransactionPtr currentTransaction;
+		string currentTimestamp;
+		
+		Client(struct ev_loop *loop, const FileDescriptor &fd)
+			: EventedMessageClient(loop, fd)
+		{
+			type = UNINITIALIZED;
+			dataReader.setMaxSize(1024 * 128);
+		}
+	};
+	
+	typedef shared_ptr<Client> ClientPtr;
+	typedef map<string, TransactionPtr> TransactionMap;
+	
+	string dir;
+	gid_t gid;
+	string dirPermissions;
+	mode_t filePermissions;
+	RemoteSender remoteSender;
+	ChangeNotifierPtr changeNotifier;
+	ev::timer garbageCollectionTimer;
+	ev::timer sinkFlushingTimer;
+	ev::timer exitTimer;
+	TransactionMap transactions;
+	LogSinkCache logSinkCache;
+	/**
+	 * @invariant
+	 *    inactiveLogSinks is sorted from oldest to youngest (by lastTime member).
+	 *    for all s in inactiveLogSinks:
+	 *       s.opened == 0
+	 *    inactiveLogSinks.size() == inactiveLogSinksCount
+	 */
+	list<LogSinkPtr> inactiveLogSinks;
+	int inactiveLogSinksCount;
+	RandomGenerator randomGenerator;
+	bool refuseNewConnections;
+	bool exitRequested;
+	unsigned long long exitBeginTime;
+	
+	void sendErrorToClient(Client *client, const string &message) {
+		client->writeArrayMessage("error", message.c_str(), NULL);
+		logError(client, message);
+	}
+	
+	bool expectingArgumentsCount(Client *client, const vector<StaticString> &args, unsigned int size) {
+		if (args.size() == size) {
+			return true;
+		} else {
+			sendErrorToClient(client, "Invalid number of arguments");
+			client->disconnect();
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	bool expectingLoggerType(Client *client) {
+		if (client->type == LOGGER) {
+			return true;
+		} else {
+			sendErrorToClient(client, "Client not initialized as logger");
+			client->disconnect();
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	bool checkWhetherConnectionAreAcceptable(Client *client) {
+		if (refuseNewConnections) {
+			client->writeArrayMessage("server shutting down", NULL);
+			client->disconnect();
+			return false;
+		} else {
+			return true;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	bool validTxnId(const StaticString &txnId) const {
+		// must contain timestamp
+		// must contain separator
+		// must contain random id
+		// must not be too large
+		return !txnId.empty();
+	}
+	
+	bool validUnionStationKey(const StaticString &key) const {
+		// must be hexadecimal
+		// must not be too large
+		return !key.empty();
+	}
+	
+	bool validLogContent(const StaticString &data) const {
+		const char *current = data.c_str();
+		const char *end = current + data.size();
+		while (current < end) {
+			char c = *current;
+			if ((c < 1 && c > 126) || c == '\n' || c == '\r') {
+				return false;
+			}
+			current++;
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+	
+	bool validTimestamp(const StaticString &timestamp) const {
+		// must be hexadecimal
+		// must not be too large
+		return true;
+	}
+	
+	bool supportedCategory(const StaticString &category) const {
+		return category == "requests" || category == "processes" || category == "exceptions";
+	}
+	
+	time_t extractTimestamp(const StaticString &txnId) const {
+		const char *timestampEnd = (const char *) memchr(txnId.c_str(), '-', txnId.size());
+		if (timestampEnd == NULL) {
+			return 0;
+		} else {
+			time_t timestamp = hexatriToULL(
+				StaticString(txnId.c_str(), timestampEnd - txnId.c_str())
+			);
+			return timestamp * 60;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	void appendVersionAndGroupId(string &output, const StaticString &groupName) const {
+		md5_state_t state;
+		md5_byte_t  digest[MD5_SIZE];
+		char        checksum[MD5_HEX_SIZE];
+		
+		output.append("/1/", 3);
+		
+		md5_init(&state);
+		md5_append(&state, (const md5_byte_t *) groupName.data(), groupName.size());
+		md5_finish(&state, digest);
+		toHex(StaticString((const char *) digest, MD5_SIZE), checksum);
+		output.append(checksum, MD5_HEX_SIZE);
+	}
+	
+	string determineFilename(const StaticString &groupName, const char *nodeId,
+		const StaticString &category, const StaticString &txnId = "") const
+	{
+		time_t timestamp;
+		struct tm tm;
+		char time_str[14];
+		
+		if (!txnId.empty()) {
+			timestamp = extractTimestamp(txnId);
+			gmtime_r(&timestamp, &tm);
+			strftime(time_str, sizeof(time_str), "%Y/%m/%d/%H", &tm);
+		}
+		
+		string filename;
+		filename.reserve(dir.size()
+			+ (3 + MD5_HEX_SIZE) // version and group ID
+			+ 1                  // "/"
+			+ MD5_HEX_SIZE       // node ID
+			+ 1                  // "/"
+			+ category.size()
+			+ 1                  // "/"
+			+ sizeof(time_str)   // including null terminator, which we use as space for "/"
+			+ sizeof("log.txt")
+		);
+		filename.append(dir);
+		appendVersionAndGroupId(filename, groupName);
+		filename.append(1, '/');
+		filename.append(nodeId, MD5_HEX_SIZE);
+		filename.append(1, '/');
+		filename.append(category.c_str(), category.size());
+		if (!txnId.empty()) {
+			filename.append(1, '/');
+			filename.append(time_str);
+			filename.append("/log.txt");
+		}
+		return filename;
+	}
+	
+	void setupGroupAndNodeDir(const StaticString &groupName, const StaticString &nodeName,
+		const char *nodeId)
+	{
+		string filename, groupDir, nodeDir;
+		
+		filename.append(dir);
+		appendVersionAndGroupId(filename, groupName);
+		groupDir = filename;
+		
+		filename.append("/");
+		filename.append(nodeId, MD5_HEX_SIZE);
+		nodeDir = filename;
+		
+		createFile(groupDir + "/group_name.txt", groupName,
+			filePermissions, USER_NOT_GIVEN, GROUP_NOT_GIVEN,
+			false);
+		if (getFileType(groupDir + "/uuid.txt") == FT_NONEXISTANT) {
+			createFile(groupDir + "/uuid.txt",
+				randomGenerator.generateAsciiString(24),
+				filePermissions, USER_NOT_GIVEN, GROUP_NOT_GIVEN,
+				false);
+		}
+		
+		createFile(nodeDir + "/node_name.txt", nodeName,
+			filePermissions, USER_NOT_GIVEN, GROUP_NOT_GIVEN,
+			false);
+		if (getFileType(nodeDir + "/uuid.txt") == FT_NONEXISTANT) {
+			createFile(nodeDir + "/uuid.txt",
+				randomGenerator.generateAsciiString(24),
+				filePermissions, USER_NOT_GIVEN, GROUP_NOT_GIVEN,
+				false);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	bool openLogFileWithCache(const string &filename, LogSinkPtr &theLogSink) {
+		string cacheKey = "file:" + filename;
+		LogSinkCache::iterator it = logSinkCache.find(cacheKey);
+		if (it == logSinkCache.end()) {
+			trimLogSinkCache(MAX_LOG_SINK_CACHE_SIZE - 1);
+			makeDirTree(extractDirName(filename), dirPermissions,
+				USER_NOT_GIVEN, gid);
+			theLogSink.reset(new LogFile(this, filename, filePermissions));
+			pair<LogSinkCache::iterator, bool> p =
+				logSinkCache.insert(make_pair(cacheKey, theLogSink));
+			theLogSink->cacheIterator = p.first;
+			theLogSink->opened = 1;
+			return false;
+		} else {
+			theLogSink = it->second;
+			theLogSink->opened++;
+			if (theLogSink->opened == 1) {
+				inactiveLogSinks.erase(theLogSink->inactiveLogSinksIterator);
+				inactiveLogSinksCount--;
+			}
+			return true;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	void openRemoteSink(const StaticString &unionStationKey, const string &nodeName,
+		const string &category, LogSinkPtr &theLogSink)
+	{
+		string cacheKey = "remote:";
+		cacheKey.append(unionStationKey.c_str(), unionStationKey.size());
+		cacheKey.append(1, '\0');
+		cacheKey.append(nodeName);
+		cacheKey.append(1, '\0');
+		cacheKey.append(category);
+		
+		LogSinkCache::iterator it = logSinkCache.find(cacheKey);
+		if (it == logSinkCache.end()) {
+			trimLogSinkCache(MAX_LOG_SINK_CACHE_SIZE - 1);
+			theLogSink.reset(new RemoteSink(this, unionStationKey,
+				nodeName, category));
+			pair<LogSinkCache::iterator, bool> p =
+				logSinkCache.insert(make_pair(cacheKey, theLogSink));
+			theLogSink->cacheIterator = p.first;
+			theLogSink->opened = 1;
+		} else {
+			theLogSink = it->second;
+			theLogSink->opened++;
+			if (theLogSink->opened == 1) {
+				inactiveLogSinks.erase(theLogSink->inactiveLogSinksIterator);
+				inactiveLogSinksCount--;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 'Closes' the given log sink. It's not actually deleted from memory;
+	 * instead it's marked as inactive and cached for later use. May be
+	 * deleted later when resources are low.
+	 *
+	 * No need to call this manually. Automatically called by Transaction's
+	 * destructor.
+	 */
+	void closeLogSink(const LogSinkPtr &logSink) {
+		logSink->opened--;
+		assert(logSink->opened >= 0);
+		logSink->lastUsed = ev_now(getLoop());
+		if (logSink->opened == 0) {
+			inactiveLogSinks.push_back(logSink);
+			logSink->inactiveLogSinksIterator = inactiveLogSinks.end();
+			logSink->inactiveLogSinksIterator--;
+			inactiveLogSinksCount++;
+			trimLogSinkCache(MAX_LOG_SINK_CACHE_SIZE);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/** Try to reduce the log sink cache size to the given size. */
+	void trimLogSinkCache(unsigned int size) {
+		while (!inactiveLogSinks.empty() && logSinkCache.size() > size) {
+			const LogSinkPtr logSink = inactiveLogSinks.front();
+			inactiveLogSinks.pop_front();
+			inactiveLogSinksCount--;
+			logSinkCache.erase(logSink->cacheIterator);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	bool writeLogEntry(Client *client, const TransactionPtr &transaction,
+		const StaticString &timestamp, const StaticString &data)
+	{
+		if (transaction->discarded) {
+			return true;
+		}
+		if (OXT_UNLIKELY( !validLogContent(data) )) {
+			if (client != NULL) {
+				sendErrorToClient(client, "Log entry data contains an invalid character.");
+				client->disconnect();
+			}
+			return false;
+		}
+		if (OXT_UNLIKELY( !validTimestamp(timestamp) )) {
+			if (client != NULL) {
+				sendErrorToClient(client, "Log entry timestamp is invalid.");
+				client->disconnect();
+			}
+			return false;
+		}
+		
+		char writeCountStr[sizeof(unsigned int) * 2 + 1];
+		integerToHexatri(transaction->writeCount, writeCountStr);
+		transaction->writeCount++;
+		transaction->data.reserve(transaction->data.size() +
+			transaction->txnId.size() +
+			1 +
+			timestamp.size() +
+			1 +
+			strlen(writeCountStr) +
+			1 +
+			data.size() +
+			1);
+		transaction->data.append(transaction->txnId);
+		transaction->data.append(" ");
+		transaction->data.append(timestamp);
+		transaction->data.append(" ");
+		transaction->data.append(writeCountStr);
+		transaction->data.append(" ");
+		transaction->data.append(data);
+		transaction->data.append("\n");
+		return true;
+	}
+	
+	void writeDetachEntry(Client *client, const TransactionPtr &transaction) {
+		char timestamp[2 * sizeof(unsigned long long) + 1];
+		// Must use System::getUsec() here instead of ev_now() because the
+		// precision of the time is very important.
+		integerToHexatri<unsigned long long>(SystemTime::getUsec(), timestamp);
+		writeDetachEntry(client, transaction, timestamp);
+	}
+	
+	void writeDetachEntry(Client *client, const TransactionPtr &transaction,
+		const StaticString &timestamp)
+	{
+		writeLogEntry(client, transaction, timestamp, "DETACH");
+	}
+	
+	bool requireRights(Client *client, Account::Rights rights) {
+		if (client->messageServer.account->hasRights(rights)) {
+			return true;
+		} else {
+			P_TRACE(2, "Security error: insufficient rights to execute this command.");
+			client->writeArrayMessage("SecurityException",
+				"Insufficient rights to execute this command.",
+				NULL);
+			client->disconnect();
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	bool isDirectory(const string &dir, struct dirent *entry) const {
+		#ifdef __sun__
+			string path = dir;
+			path.append("/");
+			path.append(entry->d_name);
+			return getFileType(path) == FT_DIRECTORY;
+		#else
+			return entry->d_type == DT_DIR;
+		#endif
+	}
+	
+	bool looksLikeNumber(const char *str) const {
+		const char *current = str;
+		while (*current != '\0') {
+			char c = *current;
+			if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9')) {
+				return false;
+			}
+			current++;
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+	
+	bool getLastEntryInDirectory(const string &path, string &result) const {
+		DIR *dir = opendir(path.c_str());
+		struct dirent *entry;
+		vector<string> subdirs;
+		
+		if (dir == NULL) {
+			int e = errno;
+			throw FileSystemException("Cannot open directory " + path,
+				e, path);
+		}
+		while ((entry = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
+			if (isDirectory(path, entry) && looksLikeNumber(entry->d_name)) {
+				subdirs.push_back(entry->d_name);
+			}
+		}
+		closedir(dir);
+		
+		if (subdirs.empty()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		
+		vector<string>::const_iterator it = subdirs.begin();
+		vector<string>::const_iterator end = subdirs.end();
+		vector<string>::const_iterator largest_it = subdirs.begin();
+		int largest = atoi(subdirs[0]);
+		for (it++; it != end; it++) {
+			const string &subdir = *it;
+			int number = atoi(subdir.c_str());
+			if (number > largest) {
+				largest_it = it;
+				largest = number;
+			}
+		}
+		result = *largest_it;
+		return true;
+	}
+	
+	static void pendingDataFlushed(EventedClient *_client) {
+		Client *client = (Client *) _client;
+		LoggingServer *self = (LoggingServer *) client->userData;
+		
+		client->onPendingDataFlushed = NULL;
+		if (OXT_UNLIKELY( client->type != WATCHER )) {
+			P_WARN("BUG: pendingDataFlushed() called even though client type is not WATCHER.");
+			client->disconnect();
+		} else if (self->changeNotifier != NULL) {
+			self->changeNotifier->addClient(client->detach());
+		} else {
+			client->disconnect();
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/* Release all inactive log sinks that have been inactive for more than
+	 * GARBAGE_COLLECTION_TIMEOUT seconds.
+	 */
+	void releaseInactiveLogSinks(ev_tstamp now) {
+		bool done = false;
+		
+		while (!done && !inactiveLogSinks.empty()) {
+			const LogSinkPtr logSink = inactiveLogSinks.front();
+			if (now - logSink->lastUsed >= GARBAGE_COLLECTION_TIMEOUT) {
+				inactiveLogSinks.pop_front();
+				inactiveLogSinksCount--;
+				logSinkCache.erase(logSink->cacheIterator);
+			} else {
+				done = true;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	void garbageCollect(ev::timer &timer, int revents) {
+		P_DEBUG("Garbage collection time");
+		releaseInactiveLogSinks(ev_now(getLoop()));
+	}
+	
+	void sinkFlushTimeout(ev::timer &timer, int revents) {
+		P_TRACE(2, "Flushing all sinks (periodic action)");
+		LogSinkCache::iterator it;
+		LogSinkCache::iterator end = logSinkCache.end();
+		ev_tstamp now = ev_now(getLoop());
+		
+		for (it = logSinkCache.begin(); it != end; it++) {
+			LogSink *sink = it->second.get();
+			
+			// Flush log file sinks every 15 seconds,
+			// remote sinks every 60 seconds.
+			if (sink->isRemote()) {
+				if (now - sink->lastFlushed >= 60) {
+					sink->flush();
+				}
+			} else {
+				sink->flush();
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	void flushAllSinks() {
+		P_TRACE(2, "Flushing all sinks");
+		LogSinkCache::iterator it;
+		LogSinkCache::iterator end = logSinkCache.end();
+		
+		for (it = logSinkCache.begin(); it != end; it++) {
+			LogSink *sink = it->second.get();
+			sink->flush();
+		}
+	}
+	
+	void exitTimerTimeout(ev::timer &timer, int revents) {
+		if (SystemTime::getMsec() >= exitBeginTime + 5000) {
+			exitTimer.stop();
+			exitRequested = false;
+			refuseNewConnections = false;
+			ev_unloop(getLoop(), EVUNLOOP_ONE);
+		}
+	}
+	
+protected:
+	virtual EventedClient *createClient(const FileDescriptor &fd) {
+		return new Client(getLoop(), fd);
+	}
+	
+	virtual bool onMessageReceived(EventedMessageClient *_client, const vector<StaticString> &args) {
+		Client *client = (Client *) _client;
+		
+		if (args[0] == "log") {
+			if (OXT_UNLIKELY( !expectingArgumentsCount(client, args, 3)
+			               || !expectingLoggerType(client) )) {
+				return true;
+			}
+			
+			string txnId     = args[1];
+			string timestamp = args[2];
+			
+			TransactionMap::iterator it = transactions.find(txnId);
+			if (OXT_UNLIKELY( it == transactions.end() )) {
+				sendErrorToClient(client, "Cannot log data: transaction does not exist");
+				client->disconnect();
+			} else {
+				set<string>::iterator sit = client->openTransactions.find(txnId);
+				if (OXT_UNLIKELY( sit == client->openTransactions.end() )) {
+					sendErrorToClient(client,
+						"Cannot log data: transaction not opened in this connection");
+					client->disconnect();
+					return true;
+				}
+				// Expecting the log data in a scalar message.
+				client->currentTransaction = it->second;
+				client->currentTimestamp = timestamp;
+				return false;
+			}
+			
+		} else if (args[0] == "openTransaction") {
+			if (OXT_UNLIKELY( !expectingArgumentsCount(client, args, 8)
+			               || !expectingLoggerType(client) )) {
+				return true;
+			}
+			
+			string       txnId     = args[1];
+			StaticString groupName = args[2];
+			StaticString nodeName  = args[3];
+			StaticString category  = args[4];
+			StaticString timestamp = args[5];
+			StaticString unionStationKey = args[6];
+			bool         crashProtect    = args[7] == "true";
+			
+			if (OXT_UNLIKELY( !validTxnId(txnId) )) {
+				sendErrorToClient(client, "Invalid transaction ID format");
+				client->disconnect();
+				return true;
+			}
+			if (!unionStationKey.empty()
+			 && OXT_UNLIKELY( !validUnionStationKey(unionStationKey) )) {
+				sendErrorToClient(client, "Invalid Union Station key format");
+				client->disconnect();
+				return true;
+			}
+			if (OXT_UNLIKELY( client->openTransactions.find(txnId) !=
+				client->openTransactions.end() ))
+			{
+				sendErrorToClient(client, "Cannot open transaction: transaction already opened in this connection");
+				client->disconnect();
+				return true;
+			}
+			
+			const char *nodeId;
+			
+			if (nodeName.empty()) {
+				nodeName = client->nodeName;
+				nodeId = client->nodeId;
+			} else {
+				nodeId = NULL;
+			}
+			
+			TransactionMap::iterator it = transactions.find(txnId);
+			TransactionPtr transaction;
+			if (it == transactions.end()) {
+				if (OXT_UNLIKELY( !supportedCategory(category) )) {
+					sendErrorToClient(client, "Unsupported category");
+					client->disconnect();
+					return true;
+				}
+				
+				transaction.reset(new Transaction(this));
+				if (unionStationKey.empty()) {
+					char tempNodeId[MD5_HEX_SIZE];
+					
+					if (nodeId == NULL) {
+						md5_state_t state;
+						md5_byte_t  digest[MD5_SIZE];
+
+						md5_init(&state);
+						md5_append(&state,
+							(const md5_byte_t *) nodeName.data(),
+							nodeName.size());
+						md5_finish(&state, digest);
+						toHex(StaticString((const char *) digest, MD5_SIZE),
+							tempNodeId);
+						nodeId = tempNodeId;
+					}
+					
+					string filename = determineFilename(groupName, nodeId,
+						category, txnId);
+					if (!openLogFileWithCache(filename, transaction->logSink)) {
+						setupGroupAndNodeDir(groupName, nodeName, nodeId);
+					}
+				} else {
+					openRemoteSink(unionStationKey, client->nodeName,
+						category, transaction->logSink);
+				}
+				transaction->txnId        = txnId;
+				transaction->dataStoreId  = DataStoreId(groupName,
+					nodeName, category);
+				transaction->writeCount   = 0;
+				transaction->refcount     = 0;
+				transaction->crashProtect = crashProtect;
+				transaction->discarded    = false;
+				transactions.insert(make_pair(txnId, transaction));
+			} else {
+				transaction = it->second;
+				if (OXT_UNLIKELY( transaction->getGroupName() != groupName )) {
+					sendErrorToClient(client,
+						"Cannot open transaction: transaction already opened with a different group name");
+					client->disconnect();
+					return true;
+				}
+				if (OXT_UNLIKELY( transaction->getNodeName() != nodeName )) {
+					sendErrorToClient(client,
+						"Cannot open transaction: transaction already opened with a different node name");
+					client->disconnect();
+					return true;
+				}
+				if (OXT_UNLIKELY( transaction->getCategory() != category )) {
+					sendErrorToClient(client,
+						"Cannot open transaction: transaction already opened with a different category name");
+					client->disconnect();
+					return true;
+				}
+			}
+			
+			client->openTransactions.insert(txnId);
+			transaction->refcount++;
+			writeLogEntry(client, transaction, timestamp, "ATTACH");
+			
+		} else if (args[0] == "closeTransaction") {
+			if (OXT_UNLIKELY( !expectingArgumentsCount(client, args, 3)
+			               || !expectingLoggerType(client) )) {
+				return true;
+			}
+			
+			string txnId = args[1];
+			StaticString timestamp = args[2];
+			
+			TransactionMap::iterator it = transactions.find(txnId);
+			if (OXT_UNLIKELY( it == transactions.end() )) {
+				sendErrorToClient(client,
+					"Cannot close transaction " + txnId +
+					": transaction does not exist");
+				client->disconnect();
+			} else {
+				TransactionPtr &transaction = it->second;
+				
+				set<string>::const_iterator sit = client->openTransactions.find(txnId);
+				if (OXT_UNLIKELY( sit == client->openTransactions.end() )) {
+					sendErrorToClient(client,
+						"Cannot close transaction " + txnId +
+						": transaction not opened in this connection");
+					client->disconnect();
+					return true;
+				} else {
+					client->openTransactions.erase(sit);
+				}
+				
+				writeDetachEntry(client, transaction, timestamp);
+				transaction->refcount--;
+				assert(transaction->refcount >= 0);
+				if (transaction->refcount == 0) {
+					transactions.erase(it);
+				}
+			}
+		
+		} else if (args[0] == "init") {
+			if (OXT_UNLIKELY( client->type != UNINITIALIZED )) {
+				sendErrorToClient(client, "Already initialized");
+				client->disconnect();
+				return true;
+			}
+			if (OXT_UNLIKELY( !expectingArgumentsCount(client, args, 2) )) {
+				return true;
+			}
+			if (OXT_UNLIKELY( !checkWhetherConnectionAreAcceptable(client) )) {
+				return true;
+			}
+			
+			StaticString nodeName = args[1];
+			client->nodeName = nodeName;
+			
+			md5_state_t state;
+			md5_byte_t  digest[MD5_SIZE];
+			md5_init(&state);
+			md5_append(&state, (const md5_byte_t *) nodeName.data(), nodeName.size());
+			md5_finish(&state, digest);
+			toHex(StaticString((const char *) digest, MD5_SIZE), client->nodeId);
+			
+			client->type = LOGGER;
+			client->writeArrayMessage("ok", NULL);
+			
+		} else if (args[0] == "watchChanges") {
+			if (OXT_UNLIKELY( !checkWhetherConnectionAreAcceptable(client) )) {
+				return true;
+			}
+			if (OXT_UNLIKELY( client->type != UNINITIALIZED )) {
+				sendErrorToClient(client, "This command cannot be invoked "
+					"if the 'init' command is already invoked.");
+				client->disconnect();
+				return true;
+			}
+			
+			client->type = WATCHER;
+			client->notifyReads(false);
+			discardReadData();
+			
+			// Add to the change notifier after all pending data
+			// has been written out.
+			client->onPendingDataFlushed = pendingDataFlushed;
+			client->writeArrayMessage("ok", NULL);
+			
+		} else if (args[0] == "flush") {
+			flushAllSinks();
+			client->writeArrayMessage("ok", NULL);
+			
+		} else if (args[0] == "info") {
+			stringstream stream;
+			dump(stream);
+			client->writeArrayMessage("info", stream.str().c_str(), NULL);
+		
+		} else if (args[0] == "ping") {
+			client->writeArrayMessage("pong", NULL);
+		
+		} else if (args[0] == "exit") {
+			if (!requireRights(client, Account::EXIT)) {
+				client->disconnect();
+				return true;
+			}
+			if (args.size() == 2 && args[1] == "immediately") {
+				// Immediate exit.
+				ev_unloop(getLoop(), EVUNLOOP_ONE);
+			} else if (args.size() == 2 && args[1] == "semi-gracefully") {
+				// Semi-graceful exit: refuse new connections, shut down
+				// a few seconds after the last client has disconnected.
+				refuseNewConnections = true;
+				exitRequested = true;
+			} else {
+				// Graceful exit: shut down a few seconds after the
+				// last client has disconnected.
+				client->writeArrayMessage("Passed security", NULL);
+				client->writeArrayMessage("exit command received", NULL);
+				exitRequested = true;
+			}
+			client->disconnect();
+			
+		} else {
+			sendErrorToClient(client, "Unknown command '" + args[0] + "'");
+			client->disconnect();
+		}
+		
+		return true;
+	}
+	
+	virtual pair<size_t, bool> onOtherDataReceived(EventedMessageClient *_client,
+		const char *data, size_t size)
+	{
+		// In here we read the scalar message that's expected to come
+		// after the "log" command.
+		Client *client = (Client *) _client;
+		size_t consumed = client->dataReader.feed(data, size);
+		if (client->dataReader.done()) {
+			writeLogEntry(client,
+				client->currentTransaction,
+				client->currentTimestamp,
+				client->dataReader.value());
+			client->currentTransaction.reset();
+			client->dataReader.reset();
+			return make_pair(consumed, true);
+		} else {
+			return make_pair(consumed, false);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	virtual void onNewClient(EventedClient *client) {
+		if (exitRequested && exitTimer.is_active()) {
+			exitTimer.stop();
+		}
+		EventedMessageServer::onNewClient(client);
+	}
+	
+	virtual void onClientDisconnected(EventedClient *_client) {
+		EventedMessageServer::onClientDisconnected(_client);
+		Client *client = (Client *) _client;
+		set<string>::const_iterator sit;
+		set<string>::const_iterator send = client->openTransactions.end();
+		
+		// Close any transactions that this client had opened.
+		for (sit = client->openTransactions.begin(); sit != send; sit++) {
+			const string &txnId = *sit;
+			TransactionMap::iterator it = transactions.find(txnId);
+			if (OXT_UNLIKELY( it == transactions.end() )) {
+				P_ERROR("Bug: client->openTransactions is not a subset of this->transactions!");
+				abort();
+			}
+			
+			TransactionPtr &transaction = it->second;
+			if (transaction->crashProtect) {
+				writeDetachEntry(client, transaction);
+			} else {
+				transaction->discard();
+			}
+			transaction->refcount--;
+			assert(transaction->refcount >= 0);
+			if (transaction->refcount == 0) {
+				transactions.erase(it);
+			}
+		}
+		client->openTransactions.clear();
+		
+		// Possibly start exit timer.
+		if (exitRequested && getClients().empty()) {
+			exitTimer.start();
+			/* Using SystemTime here instead of setting a correct
+			 * timeout directly on the timer, so that we can
+			 * manipulate the clock in LoggingServer unit tests.
+			 */
+			exitBeginTime = SystemTime::getMsec();
+		}
+	}
+
+public:
+	LoggingServer(struct ev_loop *loop,
+		FileDescriptor fd,
+		const AccountsDatabasePtr &accountsDatabase,
+		const string &dir,
+		const string &permissions = DEFAULT_ANALYTICS_LOG_PERMISSIONS,
+		gid_t gid = GROUP_NOT_GIVEN,
+		const string &unionStationGatewayAddress = DEFAULT_UNION_STATION_GATEWAY_ADDRESS,
+		unsigned short unionStationGatewayPort = DEFAULT_UNION_STATION_GATEWAY_PORT,
+		const string &unionStationGatewayCert = "")
+		: EventedMessageServer(loop, fd, accountsDatabase),
+		  remoteSender(unionStationGatewayAddress,
+		               unionStationGatewayPort,
+		               unionStationGatewayCert),
+		  garbageCollectionTimer(loop),
+		  sinkFlushingTimer(loop),
+		  exitTimer(loop)
+	{
+		this->dir = dir;
+		this->gid = gid;
+		dirPermissions = permissions;
+		filePermissions = parseModeString(permissions) & ~(S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH);
+		garbageCollectionTimer.set<LoggingServer, &LoggingServer::garbageCollect>(this);
+		garbageCollectionTimer.start(GARBAGE_COLLECTION_TIMEOUT, GARBAGE_COLLECTION_TIMEOUT);
+		sinkFlushingTimer.set<LoggingServer, &LoggingServer::sinkFlushTimeout>(this);
+		sinkFlushingTimer.start(15, 15);
+		exitTimer.set<LoggingServer, &LoggingServer::exitTimerTimeout>(this);
+		exitTimer.set(0.05, 0.05);
+		refuseNewConnections = false;
+		exitRequested = false;
+		inactiveLogSinksCount = 0;
+	}
+	
+	~LoggingServer() {
+		TransactionMap::iterator it, end = transactions.end();
+		for (it = transactions.begin(); it != end; it++) {
+			TransactionPtr &transaction = it->second;
+			if (transaction->crashProtect) {
+				writeDetachEntry(NULL, transaction);
+			} else {
+				transaction->discard();
+			}
+		}
+		
+		// Invoke destructors, causing all transactions and log sinks to
+		// be flushed before RemoteSender and ChangeNotifier are being
+		// destroyed.
+		transactions.clear();
+		logSinkCache.clear();
+		inactiveLogSinks.clear();
+	}
+	
+	void setChangeNotifier(const ChangeNotifierPtr &_changeNotifier) {
+		changeNotifier = _changeNotifier;
+		changeNotifier->getLastPos = boost::bind(&LoggingServer::getLastPos,
+			this, _1, _2, _3);
+	}
+	
+	string getLastPos(const StaticString &groupName, const StaticString &nodeName,
+		const StaticString &category) const
+	{
+		md5_state_t state;
+		md5_byte_t  digest[MD5_SIZE];
+		char        nodeId[MD5_HEX_SIZE];
+		md5_init(&state);
+		md5_append(&state, (const md5_byte_t *) nodeName.data(), nodeName.size());
+		md5_finish(&state, digest);
+		toHex(StaticString((const char *) digest, MD5_SIZE), nodeId);
+		
+		string dir = determineFilename(groupName, nodeId, category);
+		string subdir, component;
+		subdir.reserve(13); // It's a string that looks like: "2010/06/24/12"
+		
+		try {
+			// Loop 4 times to process year, month, day, hour.
+			for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+				bool found = getLastEntryInDirectory(dir, component);
+				if (!found) {
+					return string();
+				}
+				dir.append("/");
+				dir.append(component);
+				if (i != 0) {
+					subdir.append("/");
+				}
+				subdir.append(component);
+			}
+			// After the loop, new dir == old dir + "/" + subdir
+		} catch (const SystemException &e) {
+			if (e.code() == ENOENT) {
+				return string();
+			} else {
+				throw;
+			}
+		}
+		
+		string &filename = dir;
+		filename.append("/log.txt");
+		
+		struct stat buf;
+		if (stat(filename.c_str(), &buf) == -1) {
+			if (errno == ENOENT) {
+				return string();
+			} else {
+				int e = errno;
+				throw FileSystemException("Cannot stat() " + filename, e,
+					filename);
+			}
+		} else {
+			return subdir + "/" + toString(buf.st_size);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	void dump(ostream &stream) const {
+		TransactionMap::const_iterator it;
+		TransactionMap::const_iterator end = transactions.end();
+		
+		stream << "Number of clients: " << getClients().size() << "\n";
+		stream << "Open transactions: " << transactions.size() << "\n";
+		for (it = transactions.begin(); it != end; it++) {
+			const TransactionPtr &transaction = it->second;
+			transaction->dump(stream);
+		}
+		
+		LogSinkCache::const_iterator sit;
+		LogSinkCache::const_iterator send = logSinkCache.end();
+		stream << "Log sinks: " << logSinkCache.size() <<
+			" (" << inactiveLogSinksCount << " inactive)\n";
+		for (sit = logSinkCache.begin(); sit != send; sit++) {
+			const LogSinkPtr &logSink = sit->second;
+			logSink->dump(stream);
+		}
+	}
+};
+
+typedef shared_ptr<LoggingServer> LoggingServerPtr;
+
+
+} // namespace Passenger
+
+#endif /* _PASSENGER_LOGGING_SERVER_H_ */