omg-activerecord 8.0.0.alpha1

data/lib/active_record/nested_attributes.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,633 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "active_support/core_ext/hash/except"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/redefine_method"
+require "active_support/core_ext/hash/indifferent_access"
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  module NestedAttributes # :nodoc:
+    class TooManyRecords < ActiveRecordError
+    end
+
+    extend ActiveSupport::Concern
+
+    included do
+      class_attribute :nested_attributes_options, instance_writer: false, default: {}
+    end
+
+    # = Active Record Nested \Attributes
+    #
+    # Nested attributes allow you to save attributes on associated records
+    # through the parent. By default nested attribute updating is turned off
+    # and you can enable it using the accepts_nested_attributes_for class
+    # method. When you enable nested attributes an attribute writer is
+    # defined on the model.
+    #
+    # The attribute writer is named after the association, which means that
+    # in the following example, two new methods are added to your model:
+    #
+    # <tt>author_attributes=(attributes)</tt> and
+    # <tt>pages_attributes=(attributes)</tt>.
+    #
+    #   class Book < ActiveRecord::Base
+    #     has_one :author
+    #     has_many :pages
+    #
+    #     accepts_nested_attributes_for :author, :pages
+    #   end
+    #
+    # Note that the <tt>:autosave</tt> option is automatically enabled on every
+    # association that accepts_nested_attributes_for is used for.
+    #
+    # === One-to-one
+    #
+    # Consider a Member model that has one Avatar:
+    #
+    #   class Member < ActiveRecord::Base
+    #     has_one :avatar
+    #     accepts_nested_attributes_for :avatar
+    #   end
+    #
+    # Enabling nested attributes on a one-to-one association allows you to
+    # create the member and avatar in one go:
+    #
+    #   params = { member: { name: 'Jack', avatar_attributes: { icon: 'smiling' } } }
+    #   member = Member.create(params[:member])
+    #   member.avatar.id # => 2
+    #   member.avatar.icon # => 'smiling'
+    #
+    # It also allows you to update the avatar through the member:
+    #
+    #   params = { member: { avatar_attributes: { id: '2', icon: 'sad' } } }
+    #   member.update params[:member]
+    #   member.avatar.icon # => 'sad'
+    #
+    # If you want to update the current avatar without providing the id, you must add <tt>:update_only</tt> option.
+    #
+    #   class Member < ActiveRecord::Base
+    #     has_one :avatar
+    #     accepts_nested_attributes_for :avatar, update_only: true
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   params = { member: { avatar_attributes: { icon: 'sad' } } }
+    #   member.update params[:member]
+    #   member.avatar.id # => 2
+    #   member.avatar.icon # => 'sad'
+    #
+    # By default you will only be able to set and update attributes on the
+    # associated model. If you want to destroy the associated model through the
+    # attributes hash, you have to enable it first using the
+    # <tt>:allow_destroy</tt> option.
+    #
+    #   class Member < ActiveRecord::Base
+    #     has_one :avatar
+    #     accepts_nested_attributes_for :avatar, allow_destroy: true
+    #   end
+    #
+    # Now, when you add the <tt>_destroy</tt> key to the attributes hash, with a
+    # value that evaluates to +true+, you will destroy the associated model:
+    #
+    #   member.avatar_attributes = { id: '2', _destroy: '1' }
+    #   member.avatar.marked_for_destruction? # => true
+    #   member.save
+    #   member.reload.avatar # => nil
+    #
+    # Note that the model will _not_ be destroyed until the parent is saved.
+    #
+    # Also note that the model will not be destroyed unless you also specify
+    # its id in the updated hash.
+    #
+    # === One-to-many
+    #
+    # Consider a member that has a number of posts:
+    #
+    #   class Member < ActiveRecord::Base
+    #     has_many :posts
+    #     accepts_nested_attributes_for :posts
+    #   end
+    #
+    # You can now set or update attributes on the associated posts through
+    # an attribute hash for a member: include the key +:posts_attributes+
+    # with an array of hashes of post attributes as a value.
+    #
+    # For each hash that does _not_ have an <tt>id</tt> key a new record will
+    # be instantiated, unless the hash also contains a <tt>_destroy</tt> key
+    # that evaluates to +true+.
+    #
+    #   params = { member: {
+    #     name: 'joe', posts_attributes: [
+    #       { title: 'Kari, the awesome Ruby documentation browser!' },
+    #       { title: 'The egalitarian assumption of the modern citizen' },
+    #       { title: '', _destroy: '1' } # this will be ignored
+    #     ]
+    #   }}
+    #
+    #   member = Member.create(params[:member])
+    #   member.posts.length # => 2
+    #   member.posts.first.title # => 'Kari, the awesome Ruby documentation browser!'
+    #   member.posts.second.title # => 'The egalitarian assumption of the modern citizen'
+    #
+    # You may also set a +:reject_if+ proc to silently ignore any new record
+    # hashes if they fail to pass your criteria. For example, the previous
+    # example could be rewritten as:
+    #
+    #   class Member < ActiveRecord::Base
+    #     has_many :posts
+    #     accepts_nested_attributes_for :posts, reject_if: proc { |attributes| attributes['title'].blank? }
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   params = { member: {
+    #     name: 'joe', posts_attributes: [
+    #       { title: 'Kari, the awesome Ruby documentation browser!' },
+    #       { title: 'The egalitarian assumption of the modern citizen' },
+    #       { title: '' } # this will be ignored because of the :reject_if proc
+    #     ]
+    #   }}
+    #
+    #   member = Member.create(params[:member])
+    #   member.posts.length # => 2
+    #   member.posts.first.title # => 'Kari, the awesome Ruby documentation browser!'
+    #   member.posts.second.title # => 'The egalitarian assumption of the modern citizen'
+    #
+    # Alternatively, +:reject_if+ also accepts a symbol for using methods:
+    #
+    #   class Member < ActiveRecord::Base
+    #     has_many :posts
+    #     accepts_nested_attributes_for :posts, reject_if: :new_record?
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   class Member < ActiveRecord::Base
+    #     has_many :posts
+    #     accepts_nested_attributes_for :posts, reject_if: :reject_posts
+    #
+    #     def reject_posts(attributes)
+    #       attributes['title'].blank?
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    #
+    # If the hash contains an <tt>id</tt> key that matches an already
+    # associated record, the matching record will be modified:
+    #
+    #   member.attributes = {
+    #     name: 'Joe',
+    #     posts_attributes: [
+    #       { id: 1, title: '[UPDATED] An, as of yet, undisclosed awesome Ruby documentation browser!' },
+    #       { id: 2, title: '[UPDATED] other post' }
+    #     ]
+    #   }
+    #
+    #   member.posts.first.title # => '[UPDATED] An, as of yet, undisclosed awesome Ruby documentation browser!'
+    #   member.posts.second.title # => '[UPDATED] other post'
+    #
+    # However, the above applies if the parent model is being updated as well.
+    # For example, if you wanted to create a +member+ named _joe_ and wanted to
+    # update the +posts+ at the same time, that would give an
+    # ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound error.
+    #
+    # By default the associated records are protected from being destroyed. If
+    # you want to destroy any of the associated records through the attributes
+    # hash, you have to enable it first using the <tt>:allow_destroy</tt>
+    # option. This will allow you to also use the <tt>_destroy</tt> key to
+    # destroy existing records:
+    #
+    #   class Member < ActiveRecord::Base
+    #     has_many :posts
+    #     accepts_nested_attributes_for :posts, allow_destroy: true
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   params = { member: {
+    #     posts_attributes: [{ id: '2', _destroy: '1' }]
+    #   }}
+    #
+    #   member.attributes = params[:member]
+    #   member.posts.detect { |p| p.id == 2 }.marked_for_destruction? # => true
+    #   member.posts.length # => 2
+    #   member.save
+    #   member.reload.posts.length # => 1
+    #
+    # Nested attributes for an associated collection can also be passed in
+    # the form of a hash of hashes instead of an array of hashes:
+    #
+    #   Member.create(
+    #     name: 'joe',
+    #     posts_attributes: {
+    #       first:  { title: 'Foo' },
+    #       second: { title: 'Bar' }
+    #     }
+    #   )
+    #
+    # has the same effect as
+    #
+    #   Member.create(
+    #     name: 'joe',
+    #     posts_attributes: [
+    #       { title: 'Foo' },
+    #       { title: 'Bar' }
+    #     ]
+    #   )
+    #
+    # The keys of the hash which is the value for +:posts_attributes+ are
+    # ignored in this case.
+    # However, it is not allowed to use <tt>'id'</tt> or <tt>:id</tt> for one of
+    # such keys, otherwise the hash will be wrapped in an array and
+    # interpreted as an attribute hash for a single post.
+    #
+    # Passing attributes for an associated collection in the form of a hash
+    # of hashes can be used with hashes generated from HTTP/HTML parameters,
+    # where there may be no natural way to submit an array of hashes.
+    #
+    # === Saving
+    #
+    # All changes to models, including the destruction of those marked for
+    # destruction, are saved and destroyed automatically and atomically when
+    # the parent model is saved. This happens inside the transaction initiated
+    # by the parent's save method. See ActiveRecord::AutosaveAssociation.
+    #
+    # === Validating the presence of a parent model
+    #
+    # The +belongs_to+ association validates the presence of the parent model
+    # by default. You can disable this behavior by specifying <code>optional: true</code>.
+    # This can be used, for example, when conditionally validating the presence
+    # of the parent model:
+    #
+    #   class Veterinarian < ActiveRecord::Base
+    #     has_many :patients, inverse_of: :veterinarian
+    #     accepts_nested_attributes_for :patients
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   class Patient < ActiveRecord::Base
+    #     belongs_to :veterinarian, inverse_of: :patients, optional: true
+    #     validates :veterinarian, presence: true, unless: -> { awaiting_intake }
+    #   end
+    #
+    # Note that if you do not specify the +:inverse_of+ option, then
+    # Active Record will try to automatically guess the inverse association
+    # based on heuristics.
+    #
+    # For one-to-one nested associations, if you build the new (in-memory)
+    # child object yourself before assignment, then this module will not
+    # overwrite it, e.g.:
+    #
+    #   class Member < ActiveRecord::Base
+    #     has_one :avatar
+    #     accepts_nested_attributes_for :avatar
+    #
+    #     def avatar
+    #       super || build_avatar(width: 200)
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   member = Member.new
+    #   member.avatar_attributes = {icon: 'sad'}
+    #   member.avatar.width # => 200
+    #
+    # === Creating forms with nested attributes
+    #
+    # Use ActionView::Helpers::FormHelper#fields_for to create form elements for
+    # nested attributes.
+    #
+    # Integration test params should reflect the structure of the form. For
+    # example:
+    #
+    #   post members_path, params: {
+    #     member: {
+    #       name: 'joe',
+    #       posts_attributes: {
+    #         '0' => { title: 'Foo' },
+    #         '1' => { title: 'Bar' }
+    #       }
+    #     }
+    #   }
+    module ClassMethods
+      REJECT_ALL_BLANK_PROC = proc { |attributes| attributes.all? { |key, value| key == "_destroy" || value.blank? } }
+
+      # Defines an attributes writer for the specified association(s).
+      #
+      # Supported options:
+      # [:allow_destroy]
+      #   If true, destroys any members from the attributes hash with a
+      #   <tt>_destroy</tt> key and a value that evaluates to +true+
+      #   (e.g. 1, '1', true, or 'true'). This option is false by default.
+      # [:reject_if]
+      #   Allows you to specify a Proc or a Symbol pointing to a method
+      #   that checks whether a record should be built for a certain attribute
+      #   hash. The hash is passed to the supplied Proc or the method
+      #   and it should return either +true+ or +false+. When no +:reject_if+
+      #   is specified, a record will be built for all attribute hashes that
+      #   do not have a <tt>_destroy</tt> value that evaluates to true.
+      #   Passing <tt>:all_blank</tt> instead of a Proc will create a proc
+      #   that will reject a record where all the attributes are blank excluding
+      #   any value for +_destroy+.
+      # [:limit]
+      #   Allows you to specify the maximum number of associated records that
+      #   can be processed with the nested attributes. Limit also can be specified
+      #   as a Proc or a Symbol pointing to a method that should return a number.
+      #   If the size of the nested attributes array exceeds the specified limit,
+      #   NestedAttributes::TooManyRecords exception is raised. If omitted, any
+      #   number of associations can be processed.
+      #   Note that the +:limit+ option is only applicable to one-to-many
+      #   associations.
+      # [:update_only]
+      #   For a one-to-one association, this option allows you to specify how
+      #   nested attributes are going to be used when an associated record already
+      #   exists. In general, an existing record may either be updated with the
+      #   new set of attribute values or be replaced by a wholly new record
+      #   containing those values. By default the +:update_only+ option is false
+      #   and the nested attributes are used to update the existing record only
+      #   if they include the record's <tt>:id</tt> value. Otherwise a new
+      #   record will be instantiated and used to replace the existing one.
+      #   However if the +:update_only+ option is true, the nested attributes
+      #   are used to update the record's attributes always, regardless of
+      #   whether the <tt>:id</tt> is present. The option is ignored for collection
+      #   associations.
+      #
+      # Examples:
+      #   # creates avatar_attributes=
+      #   accepts_nested_attributes_for :avatar, reject_if: proc { |attributes| attributes['name'].blank? }
+      #   # creates avatar_attributes=
+      #   accepts_nested_attributes_for :avatar, reject_if: :all_blank
+      #   # creates avatar_attributes= and posts_attributes=
+      #   accepts_nested_attributes_for :avatar, :posts, allow_destroy: true
+      def accepts_nested_attributes_for(*attr_names)
+        options = { allow_destroy: false, update_only: false }
+        options.update(attr_names.extract_options!)
+        options.assert_valid_keys(:allow_destroy, :reject_if, :limit, :update_only)
+        options[:reject_if] = REJECT_ALL_BLANK_PROC if options[:reject_if] == :all_blank
+
+        attr_names.each do |association_name|
+          if reflection = _reflect_on_association(association_name)
+            reflection.autosave = true
+            define_autosave_validation_callbacks(reflection)
+
+            nested_attributes_options = self.nested_attributes_options.dup
+            nested_attributes_options[association_name.to_sym] = options
+            self.nested_attributes_options = nested_attributes_options
+
+            type = (reflection.collection? ? :collection : :one_to_one)
+            generate_association_writer(association_name, type)
+          else
+            raise ArgumentError, "No association found for name `#{association_name}'. Has it been defined yet?"
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      private
+        # Generates a writer method for this association. Serves as a point for
+        # accessing the objects in the association. For example, this method
+        # could generate the following:
+        #
+        #   def pirate_attributes=(attributes)
+        #     assign_nested_attributes_for_one_to_one_association(:pirate, attributes)
+        #   end
+        #
+        # This redirects the attempts to write objects in an association through
+        # the helper methods defined below. Makes it seem like the nested
+        # associations are just regular associations.
+        def generate_association_writer(association_name, type)
+          generated_association_methods.module_eval <<-eoruby, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
+            silence_redefinition_of_method :#{association_name}_attributes=
+            def #{association_name}_attributes=(attributes)
+              assign_nested_attributes_for_#{type}_association(:#{association_name}, attributes)
+            end
+          eoruby
+        end
+    end
+
+    # Returns ActiveRecord::AutosaveAssociation#marked_for_destruction? It's
+    # used in conjunction with fields_for to build a form element for the
+    # destruction of this association.
+    #
+    # See ActionView::Helpers::FormHelper#fields_for for more info.
+    def _destroy
+      marked_for_destruction?
+    end
+
+    private
+      # Attribute hash keys that should not be assigned as normal attributes.
+      # These hash keys are nested attributes implementation details.
+      UNASSIGNABLE_KEYS = %w( id _destroy )
+
+      # Assigns the given attributes to the association.
+      #
+      # If an associated record does not yet exist, one will be instantiated. If
+      # an associated record already exists, the method's behavior depends on
+      # the value of the update_only option. If update_only is +false+ and the
+      # given attributes include an <tt>:id</tt> that matches the existing record's
+      # id, then the existing record will be modified. If no <tt>:id</tt> is provided
+      # it will be replaced with a new record. If update_only is +true+ the existing
+      # record will be modified regardless of whether an <tt>:id</tt> is provided.
+      #
+      # If the given attributes include a matching <tt>:id</tt> attribute, or
+      # update_only is true, and a <tt>:_destroy</tt> key set to a truthy value,
+      # then the existing record will be marked for destruction.
+      def assign_nested_attributes_for_one_to_one_association(association_name, attributes)
+        if attributes.respond_to?(:permitted?)
+          attributes = attributes.to_h
+        end
+
+        unless attributes.is_a?(Hash)
+          raise ArgumentError, "Hash expected for `#{association_name}` attributes, got #{attributes.class.name}"
+        end
+
+        options = nested_attributes_options[association_name]
+        attributes = attributes.with_indifferent_access
+        existing_record = send(association_name)
+
+        if (options[:update_only] || !attributes["id"].blank?) && existing_record &&
+            (options[:update_only] || existing_record.id.to_s == attributes["id"].to_s)
+          assign_to_or_mark_for_destruction(existing_record, attributes, options[:allow_destroy]) unless call_reject_if(association_name, attributes)
+
+        elsif attributes["id"].present?
+          raise_nested_attributes_record_not_found!(association_name, attributes["id"])
+
+        elsif !reject_new_record?(association_name, attributes)
+          assignable_attributes = attributes.except(*UNASSIGNABLE_KEYS)
+
+          if existing_record && existing_record.new_record?
+            existing_record.assign_attributes(assignable_attributes)
+            association(association_name).initialize_attributes(existing_record)
+          else
+            method = :"build_#{association_name}"
+            if respond_to?(method)
+              send(method, assignable_attributes)
+            else
+              raise ArgumentError, "Cannot build association `#{association_name}'. Are you trying to build a polymorphic one-to-one association?"
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Assigns the given attributes to the collection association.
+      #
+      # Hashes with an <tt>:id</tt> value matching an existing associated record
+      # will update that record. Hashes without an <tt>:id</tt> value will build
+      # a new record for the association. Hashes with a matching <tt>:id</tt>
+      # value and a <tt>:_destroy</tt> key set to a truthy value will mark the
+      # matched record for destruction.
+      #
+      # For example:
+      #
+      #   assign_nested_attributes_for_collection_association(:people, {
+      #     '1' => { id: '1', name: 'Peter' },
+      #     '2' => { name: 'John' },
+      #     '3' => { id: '2', _destroy: true }
+      #   })
+      #
+      # Will update the name of the Person with ID 1, build a new associated
+      # person with the name 'John', and mark the associated Person with ID 2
+      # for destruction.
+      #
+      # Also accepts an Array of attribute hashes:
+      #
+      #   assign_nested_attributes_for_collection_association(:people, [
+      #     { id: '1', name: 'Peter' },
+      #     { name: 'John' },
+      #     { id: '2', _destroy: true }
+      #   ])
+      def assign_nested_attributes_for_collection_association(association_name, attributes_collection)
+        options = nested_attributes_options[association_name]
+        if attributes_collection.respond_to?(:permitted?)
+          attributes_collection = attributes_collection.to_h
+        end
+
+        unless attributes_collection.is_a?(Hash) || attributes_collection.is_a?(Array)
+          raise ArgumentError, "Hash or Array expected for `#{association_name}` attributes, got #{attributes_collection.class.name}"
+        end
+
+        check_record_limit!(options[:limit], attributes_collection)
+
+        if attributes_collection.is_a? Hash
+          keys = attributes_collection.keys
+          attributes_collection = if keys.include?("id") || keys.include?(:id)
+            [attributes_collection]
+          else
+            attributes_collection.values
+          end
+        end
+
+        association = association(association_name)
+
+        existing_records = if association.loaded?
+          association.target
+        else
+          attribute_ids = attributes_collection.filter_map { |a| a["id"] || a[:id] }
+          attribute_ids.empty? ? [] : association.scope.where(association.klass.primary_key => attribute_ids)
+        end
+
+        records = attributes_collection.map do |attributes|
+          if attributes.respond_to?(:permitted?)
+            attributes = attributes.to_h
+          end
+          attributes = attributes.with_indifferent_access
+
+          if attributes["id"].blank?
+            unless reject_new_record?(association_name, attributes)
+              association.reader.build(attributes.except(*UNASSIGNABLE_KEYS))
+            end
+          elsif existing_record = find_record_by_id(association.klass, existing_records, attributes["id"])
+            unless call_reject_if(association_name, attributes)
+              # Make sure we are operating on the actual object which is in the association's
+              # proxy_target array (either by finding it, or adding it if not found)
+              # Take into account that the proxy_target may have changed due to callbacks
+              target_record = find_record_by_id(association.klass, association.target, attributes["id"])
+              if target_record
+                existing_record = target_record
+              else
+                association.add_to_target(existing_record, skip_callbacks: true)
+              end
+
+              assign_to_or_mark_for_destruction(existing_record, attributes, options[:allow_destroy])
+              existing_record
+            end
+          else
+            raise_nested_attributes_record_not_found!(association_name, attributes["id"])
+          end
+        end
+
+        association.nested_attributes_target = records
+      end
+
+      # Takes in a limit and checks if the attributes_collection has too many
+      # records. It accepts limit in the form of symbol, proc, or
+      # number-like object (anything that can be compared with an integer).
+      #
+      # Raises TooManyRecords error if the attributes_collection is
+      # larger than the limit.
+      def check_record_limit!(limit, attributes_collection)
+        if limit
+          limit = \
+            case limit
+            when Symbol
+              send(limit)
+            when Proc
+              limit.call
+            else
+              limit
+            end
+
+          if limit && attributes_collection.size > limit
+            raise TooManyRecords, "Maximum #{limit} records are allowed. Got #{attributes_collection.size} records instead."
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Updates a record with the +attributes+ or marks it for destruction if
+      # +allow_destroy+ is +true+ and has_destroy_flag? returns +true+.
+      def assign_to_or_mark_for_destruction(record, attributes, allow_destroy)
+        record.assign_attributes(attributes.except(*UNASSIGNABLE_KEYS))
+        record.mark_for_destruction if has_destroy_flag?(attributes) && allow_destroy
+      end
+
+      # Determines if a hash contains a truthy _destroy key.
+      def has_destroy_flag?(hash)
+        Type::Boolean.new.cast(hash["_destroy"])
+      end
+
+      # Determines if a new record should be rejected by checking
+      # has_destroy_flag? or if a <tt>:reject_if</tt> proc exists for this
+      # association and evaluates to +true+.
+      def reject_new_record?(association_name, attributes)
+        will_be_destroyed?(association_name, attributes) || call_reject_if(association_name, attributes)
+      end
+
+      # Determines if a record with the particular +attributes+ should be
+      # rejected by calling the reject_if Symbol or Proc (if defined).
+      # The reject_if option is defined by +accepts_nested_attributes_for+.
+      #
+      # Returns false if there is a +destroy_flag+ on the attributes.
+      def call_reject_if(association_name, attributes)
+        return false if will_be_destroyed?(association_name, attributes)
+
+        case callback = nested_attributes_options[association_name][:reject_if]
+        when Symbol
+          method(callback).arity == 0 ? send(callback) : send(callback, attributes)
+        when Proc
+          callback.call(attributes)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Only take into account the destroy flag if <tt>:allow_destroy</tt> is true
+      def will_be_destroyed?(association_name, attributes)
+        allow_destroy?(association_name) && has_destroy_flag?(attributes)
+      end
+
+      def allow_destroy?(association_name)
+        nested_attributes_options[association_name][:allow_destroy]
+      end
+
+      def raise_nested_attributes_record_not_found!(association_name, record_id)
+        model = self.class._reflect_on_association(association_name).klass.name
+        raise RecordNotFound.new("Couldn't find #{model} with ID=#{record_id} for #{self.class.name} with ID=#{id}",
+                                 model, "id", record_id)
+      end
+
+      def find_record_by_id(klass, records, id)
+        if klass.composite_primary_key?
+          id = Array(id).map(&:to_s)
+          records.find { |record| Array(record.id).map(&:to_s) == id }
+        else
+          records.find { |record| record.id.to_s == id.to_s }
+        end
+      end
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_record/no_touching.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  # = Active Record No Touching
+  module NoTouching
+    extend ActiveSupport::Concern
+
+    module ClassMethods
+      # Lets you selectively disable calls to +touch+ for the
+      # duration of a block.
+      #
+      # ==== Examples
+      #   ActiveRecord::Base.no_touching do
+      #     Project.first.touch  # does nothing
+      #     Message.first.touch  # does nothing
+      #   end
+      #
+      #   Project.no_touching do
+      #     Project.first.touch  # does nothing
+      #     Message.first.touch  # works, but does not touch the associated project
+      #   end
+      #
+      def no_touching(&block)
+        NoTouching.apply_to(self, &block)
+      end
+    end
+
+    class << self
+      def apply_to(klass) # :nodoc:
+        klasses.push(klass)
+        yield
+      ensure
+        klasses.pop
+      end
+
+      def applied_to?(klass) # :nodoc:
+        klasses.any? { |k| k >= klass }
+      end
+
+      private
+        def klasses
+          ActiveSupport::IsolatedExecutionState[:active_record_no_touching_classes] ||= []
+        end
+    end
+
+    # Returns +true+ if the class has +no_touching+ set, +false+ otherwise.
+    #
+    #   Project.no_touching do
+    #     Project.first.no_touching? # true
+    #     Message.first.no_touching? # false
+    #   end
+    #
+    def no_touching?
+      NoTouching.applied_to?(self.class)
+    end
+
+    def touch_later(*) # :nodoc:
+      super unless no_touching?
+    end
+
+    def touch(*, **) # :nodoc:
+      super unless no_touching?
+    end
+  end
+end