omg-activerecord 8.0.0.alpha1

data/lib/active_record/migration.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,1626 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "set"
+require "active_support/core_ext/array/access"
+require "active_support/core_ext/enumerable"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors"
+require "active_support/actionable_error"
+require "active_record/migration/pending_migration_connection"
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  class MigrationError < ActiveRecordError # :nodoc:
+    def initialize(message = nil)
+      message = "\n\n#{message}\n\n" if message
+      super
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Exception that can be raised to stop migrations from being rolled back.
+  # For example the following migration is not reversible.
+  # Rolling back this migration will raise an ActiveRecord::IrreversibleMigration error.
+  #
+  #   class IrreversibleMigrationExample < ActiveRecord::Migration[8.0]
+  #     def change
+  #       create_table :distributors do |t|
+  #         t.string :zipcode
+  #       end
+  #
+  #       execute <<~SQL
+  #         ALTER TABLE distributors
+  #           ADD CONSTRAINT zipchk
+  #             CHECK (char_length(zipcode) = 5) NO INHERIT;
+  #       SQL
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # There are two ways to mitigate this problem.
+  #
+  # 1. Define <tt>#up</tt> and <tt>#down</tt> methods instead of <tt>#change</tt>:
+  #
+  #  class ReversibleMigrationExample < ActiveRecord::Migration[8.0]
+  #    def up
+  #      create_table :distributors do |t|
+  #        t.string :zipcode
+  #      end
+  #
+  #      execute <<~SQL
+  #        ALTER TABLE distributors
+  #          ADD CONSTRAINT zipchk
+  #            CHECK (char_length(zipcode) = 5) NO INHERIT;
+  #      SQL
+  #    end
+  #
+  #    def down
+  #      execute <<~SQL
+  #        ALTER TABLE distributors
+  #          DROP CONSTRAINT zipchk
+  #      SQL
+  #
+  #      drop_table :distributors
+  #    end
+  #  end
+  #
+  # 2. Use the #reversible method in <tt>#change</tt> method:
+  #
+  #   class ReversibleMigrationExample < ActiveRecord::Migration[8.0]
+  #     def change
+  #       create_table :distributors do |t|
+  #         t.string :zipcode
+  #       end
+  #
+  #       reversible do |dir|
+  #         dir.up do
+  #           execute <<~SQL
+  #             ALTER TABLE distributors
+  #               ADD CONSTRAINT zipchk
+  #                 CHECK (char_length(zipcode) = 5) NO INHERIT;
+  #           SQL
+  #         end
+  #
+  #         dir.down do
+  #           execute <<~SQL
+  #             ALTER TABLE distributors
+  #               DROP CONSTRAINT zipchk
+  #           SQL
+  #         end
+  #       end
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  class IrreversibleMigration < MigrationError
+  end
+
+  class DuplicateMigrationVersionError < MigrationError # :nodoc:
+    def initialize(version = nil)
+      if version
+        super("Multiple migrations have the version number #{version}.")
+      else
+        super("Duplicate migration version error.")
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  class DuplicateMigrationNameError < MigrationError # :nodoc:
+    def initialize(name = nil)
+      if name
+        super("Multiple migrations have the name #{name}.")
+      else
+        super("Duplicate migration name.")
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  class UnknownMigrationVersionError < MigrationError # :nodoc:
+    def initialize(version = nil)
+      if version
+        super("No migration with version number #{version}.")
+      else
+        super("Unknown migration version.")
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  class IllegalMigrationNameError < MigrationError # :nodoc:
+    def initialize(name = nil)
+      if name
+        super("Illegal name for migration file: #{name}\n\t(only lower case letters, numbers, and '_' allowed).")
+      else
+        super("Illegal name for migration.")
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  class InvalidMigrationTimestampError < MigrationError # :nodoc:
+    def initialize(version = nil, name = nil)
+      if version && name
+        super(<<~MSG)
+          Invalid timestamp #{version} for migration file: #{name}.
+          Timestamp must be in form YYYYMMDDHHMMSS, and less than #{(Time.now.utc + 1.day).strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S")}.
+        MSG
+      else
+        super(<<~MSG)
+          Invalid timestamp for migration.
+          Timestamp must be in form YYYYMMDDHHMMSS, and less than #{(Time.now.utc + 1.day).strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S")}.
+        MSG
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  class PendingMigrationError < MigrationError # :nodoc:
+    include ActiveSupport::ActionableError
+
+    action "Run pending migrations" do
+      ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.migrate
+
+      if ActiveRecord.dump_schema_after_migration
+        connection = ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.migration_connection
+        ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.dump_schema(connection.pool.db_config)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def initialize(message = nil, pending_migrations: nil)
+      if pending_migrations.nil?
+        pending_migrations = connection_pool.migration_context.open.pending_migrations
+      end
+
+      super(message || detailed_migration_message(pending_migrations))
+    end
+
+    private
+      def detailed_migration_message(pending_migrations)
+        message = "Migrations are pending. To resolve this issue, run:\n\n        bin/rails db:migrate"
+        message += " RAILS_ENV=#{::Rails.env}" if defined?(Rails.env) && !Rails.env.local?
+        message += "\n\n"
+
+        message += "You have #{pending_migrations.size} pending #{pending_migrations.size > 1 ? 'migrations:' : 'migration:'}\n\n"
+
+        pending_migrations.each do |pending_migration|
+          message += "#{pending_migration.filename}\n"
+        end
+
+        message
+      end
+
+      def connection_pool
+        ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.migration_connection_pool
+      end
+  end
+
+  class ConcurrentMigrationError < MigrationError # :nodoc:
+    DEFAULT_MESSAGE = "Cannot run migrations because another migration process is currently running."
+    RELEASE_LOCK_FAILED_MESSAGE = "Failed to release advisory lock"
+
+    def initialize(message = DEFAULT_MESSAGE)
+      super
+    end
+  end
+
+  class NoEnvironmentInSchemaError < MigrationError # :nodoc:
+    def initialize
+      msg = "Environment data not found in the schema. To resolve this issue, run: \n\n        bin/rails db:environment:set"
+      if defined?(Rails.env)
+        super("#{msg} RAILS_ENV=#{::Rails.env}")
+      else
+        super(msg)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  class ProtectedEnvironmentError < ActiveRecordError # :nodoc:
+    def initialize(env = "production")
+      msg = +"You are attempting to run a destructive action against your '#{env}' database.\n"
+      msg << "If you are sure you want to continue, run the same command with the environment variable:\n"
+      msg << "DISABLE_DATABASE_ENVIRONMENT_CHECK=1"
+      super(msg)
+    end
+  end
+
+  class EnvironmentMismatchError < ActiveRecordError
+    def initialize(current: nil, stored: nil)
+      msg = +"You are attempting to modify a database that was last run in `#{ stored }` environment.\n"
+      msg << "You are running in `#{ current }` environment. "
+      msg << "If you are sure you want to continue, first set the environment using:\n\n"
+      msg << "        bin/rails db:environment:set"
+      if defined?(Rails.env)
+        super("#{msg} RAILS_ENV=#{::Rails.env}\n\n")
+      else
+        super("#{msg}\n\n")
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  class EnvironmentStorageError < ActiveRecordError # :nodoc:
+    def initialize
+      msg = +"You are attempting to store the environment in a database where metadata is disabled.\n"
+      msg << "Check your database configuration to see if this is intended."
+      super(msg)
+    end
+  end
+
+  # = Active Record Migrations
+  #
+  # Migrations can manage the evolution of a schema used by several physical
+  # databases. It's a solution to the common problem of adding a field to make
+  # a new feature work in your local database, but being unsure of how to
+  # push that change to other developers and to the production server. With
+  # migrations, you can describe the transformations in self-contained classes
+  # that can be checked into version control systems and executed against
+  # another database that might be one, two, or five versions behind.
+  #
+  # Example of a simple migration:
+  #
+  #   class AddSsl < ActiveRecord::Migration[8.0]
+  #     def up
+  #       add_column :accounts, :ssl_enabled, :boolean, default: true
+  #     end
+  #
+  #     def down
+  #       remove_column :accounts, :ssl_enabled
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # This migration will add a boolean flag to the accounts table and remove it
+  # if you're backing out of the migration. It shows how all migrations have
+  # two methods +up+ and +down+ that describes the transformations
+  # required to implement or remove the migration. These methods can consist
+  # of both the migration specific methods like +add_column+ and +remove_column+,
+  # but may also contain regular Ruby code for generating data needed for the
+  # transformations.
+  #
+  # Example of a more complex migration that also needs to initialize data:
+  #
+  #   class AddSystemSettings < ActiveRecord::Migration[8.0]
+  #     def up
+  #       create_table :system_settings do |t|
+  #         t.string  :name
+  #         t.string  :label
+  #         t.text    :value
+  #         t.string  :type
+  #         t.integer :position
+  #       end
+  #
+  #       SystemSetting.create  name:  'notice',
+  #                             label: 'Use notice?',
+  #                             value: 1
+  #     end
+  #
+  #     def down
+  #       drop_table :system_settings
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # This migration first adds the +system_settings+ table, then creates the very
+  # first row in it using the Active Record model that relies on the table. It
+  # also uses the more advanced +create_table+ syntax where you can specify a
+  # complete table schema in one block call.
+  #
+  # == Available transformations
+  #
+  # === Creation
+  #
+  # * <tt>create_join_table(table_1, table_2, options)</tt>: Creates a join
+  #   table having its name as the lexical order of the first two
+  #   arguments. See
+  #   ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SchemaStatements#create_join_table for
+  #   details.
+  # * <tt>create_table(name, options)</tt>: Creates a table called +name+ and
+  #   makes the table object available to a block that can then add columns to it,
+  #   following the same format as +add_column+. See example above. The options hash
+  #   is for fragments like "DEFAULT CHARSET=UTF-8" that are appended to the create
+  #   table definition.
+  # * <tt>add_column(table_name, column_name, type, options)</tt>: Adds a new column
+  #   to the table called +table_name+
+  #   named +column_name+ specified to be one of the following types:
+  #   <tt>:string</tt>, <tt>:text</tt>, <tt>:integer</tt>, <tt>:float</tt>,
+  #   <tt>:decimal</tt>, <tt>:datetime</tt>, <tt>:timestamp</tt>, <tt>:time</tt>,
+  #   <tt>:date</tt>, <tt>:binary</tt>, <tt>:boolean</tt>. A default value can be
+  #   specified by passing an +options+ hash like <tt>{ default: 11 }</tt>.
+  #   Other options include <tt>:limit</tt> and <tt>:null</tt> (e.g.
+  #   <tt>{ limit: 50, null: false }</tt>) -- see
+  #   ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::TableDefinition#column for details.
+  # * <tt>add_foreign_key(from_table, to_table, options)</tt>: Adds a new
+  #   foreign key. +from_table+ is the table with the key column, +to_table+ contains
+  #   the referenced primary key.
+  # * <tt>add_index(table_name, column_names, options)</tt>: Adds a new index
+  #   with the name of the column. Other options include
+  #   <tt>:name</tt>, <tt>:unique</tt> (e.g.
+  #   <tt>{ name: 'users_name_index', unique: true }</tt>) and <tt>:order</tt>
+  #   (e.g. <tt>{ order: { name: :desc } }</tt>).
+  # * <tt>add_reference(:table_name, :reference_name)</tt>: Adds a new column
+  #   +reference_name_id+ by default an integer. See
+  #   ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SchemaStatements#add_reference for details.
+  # * <tt>add_timestamps(table_name, options)</tt>: Adds timestamps (+created_at+
+  #   and +updated_at+) columns to +table_name+.
+  #
+  # === Modification
+  #
+  # * <tt>change_column(table_name, column_name, type, options)</tt>:  Changes
+  #   the column to a different type using the same parameters as add_column.
+  # * <tt>change_column_default(table_name, column_name, default_or_changes)</tt>:
+  #   Sets a default value for +column_name+ defined by +default_or_changes+ on
+  #   +table_name+. Passing a hash containing <tt>:from</tt> and <tt>:to</tt>
+  #   as +default_or_changes+ will make this change reversible in the migration.
+  # * <tt>change_column_null(table_name, column_name, null, default = nil)</tt>:
+  #   Sets or removes a <tt>NOT NULL</tt> constraint on +column_name+. The +null+ flag
+  #   indicates whether the value can be +NULL+. See
+  #   ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SchemaStatements#change_column_null for
+  #   details.
+  # * <tt>change_table(name, options)</tt>: Allows to make column alterations to
+  #   the table called +name+. It makes the table object available to a block that
+  #   can then add/remove columns, indexes, or foreign keys to it.
+  # * <tt>rename_column(table_name, column_name, new_column_name)</tt>: Renames
+  #   a column but keeps the type and content.
+  # * <tt>rename_index(table_name, old_name, new_name)</tt>: Renames an index.
+  # * <tt>rename_table(old_name, new_name)</tt>: Renames the table called +old_name+
+  #   to +new_name+.
+  #
+  # === Deletion
+  #
+  # * <tt>drop_table(*names)</tt>: Drops the given tables.
+  # * <tt>drop_join_table(table_1, table_2, options)</tt>: Drops the join table
+  #   specified by the given arguments.
+  # * <tt>remove_column(table_name, column_name, type, options)</tt>: Removes the column
+  #   named +column_name+ from the table called +table_name+.
+  # * <tt>remove_columns(table_name, *column_names)</tt>: Removes the given
+  #   columns from the table definition.
+  # * <tt>remove_foreign_key(from_table, to_table = nil, **options)</tt>: Removes the
+  #   given foreign key from the table called +table_name+.
+  # * <tt>remove_index(table_name, column: column_names)</tt>: Removes the index
+  #   specified by +column_names+.
+  # * <tt>remove_index(table_name, name: index_name)</tt>: Removes the index
+  #   specified by +index_name+.
+  # * <tt>remove_reference(table_name, ref_name, options)</tt>: Removes the
+  #   reference(s) on +table_name+ specified by +ref_name+.
+  # * <tt>remove_timestamps(table_name, options)</tt>: Removes the timestamp
+  #   columns (+created_at+ and +updated_at+) from the table definition.
+  #
+  # == Irreversible transformations
+  #
+  # Some transformations are destructive in a manner that cannot be reversed.
+  # Migrations of that kind should raise an ActiveRecord::IrreversibleMigration
+  # exception in their +down+ method.
+  #
+  # == Running migrations from within \Rails
+  #
+  # The \Rails package has several tools to help create and apply migrations.
+  #
+  # To generate a new migration, you can use
+  #
+  #   $ bin/rails generate migration MyNewMigration
+  #
+  # where MyNewMigration is the name of your migration. The generator will
+  # create an empty migration file <tt>timestamp_my_new_migration.rb</tt>
+  # in the <tt>db/migrate/</tt> directory where <tt>timestamp</tt> is the
+  # UTC formatted date and time that the migration was generated.
+  #
+  # There is a special syntactic shortcut to generate migrations that add fields to a table.
+  #
+  #   $ bin/rails generate migration add_fieldname_to_tablename fieldname:string
+  #
+  # This will generate the file <tt>timestamp_add_fieldname_to_tablename.rb</tt>, which will look like this:
+  #   class AddFieldnameToTablename < ActiveRecord::Migration[8.0]
+  #     def change
+  #       add_column :tablenames, :fieldname, :string
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # To run migrations against the currently configured database, use
+  # <tt>bin/rails db:migrate</tt>. This will update the database by running all of the
+  # pending migrations, creating the <tt>schema_migrations</tt> table
+  # (see "About the schema_migrations table" section below) if missing. It will also
+  # invoke the db:schema:dump command, which will update your db/schema.rb file
+  # to match the structure of your database.
+  #
+  # To roll the database back to a previous migration version, use
+  # <tt>bin/rails db:rollback VERSION=X</tt> where <tt>X</tt> is the version to which
+  # you wish to downgrade. Alternatively, you can also use the STEP option if you
+  # wish to rollback last few migrations. <tt>bin/rails db:rollback STEP=2</tt> will rollback
+  # the latest two migrations.
+  #
+  # If any of the migrations throw an ActiveRecord::IrreversibleMigration exception,
+  # that step will fail and you'll have some manual work to do.
+  #
+  # == More examples
+  #
+  # Not all migrations change the schema. Some just fix the data:
+  #
+  #   class RemoveEmptyTags < ActiveRecord::Migration[8.0]
+  #     def up
+  #       Tag.all.each { |tag| tag.destroy if tag.pages.empty? }
+  #     end
+  #
+  #     def down
+  #       # not much we can do to restore deleted data
+  #       raise ActiveRecord::IrreversibleMigration, "Can't recover the deleted tags"
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # Others remove columns when they migrate up instead of down:
+  #
+  #   class RemoveUnnecessaryItemAttributes < ActiveRecord::Migration[8.0]
+  #     def up
+  #       remove_column :items, :incomplete_items_count
+  #       remove_column :items, :completed_items_count
+  #     end
+  #
+  #     def down
+  #       add_column :items, :incomplete_items_count
+  #       add_column :items, :completed_items_count
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # And sometimes you need to do something in SQL not abstracted directly by migrations:
+  #
+  #   class MakeJoinUnique < ActiveRecord::Migration[8.0]
+  #     def up
+  #       execute "ALTER TABLE `pages_linked_pages` ADD UNIQUE `page_id_linked_page_id` (`page_id`,`linked_page_id`)"
+  #     end
+  #
+  #     def down
+  #       execute "ALTER TABLE `pages_linked_pages` DROP INDEX `page_id_linked_page_id`"
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # == Using a model after changing its table
+  #
+  # Sometimes you'll want to add a column in a migration and populate it
+  # immediately after. In that case, you'll need to make a call to
+  # <tt>Base#reset_column_information</tt> in order to ensure that the model has the
+  # latest column data from after the new column was added. Example:
+  #
+  #   class AddPeopleSalary < ActiveRecord::Migration[8.0]
+  #     def up
+  #       add_column :people, :salary, :integer
+  #       Person.reset_column_information
+  #       Person.all.each do |p|
+  #         p.update_attribute :salary, SalaryCalculator.compute(p)
+  #       end
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # == Controlling verbosity
+  #
+  # By default, migrations will describe the actions they are taking, writing
+  # them to the console as they happen, along with benchmarks describing how
+  # long each step took.
+  #
+  # You can quiet them down by setting <tt>ActiveRecord::Migration.verbose = false</tt>.
+  #
+  # You can also insert your own messages and benchmarks by using the +say_with_time+
+  # method:
+  #
+  #   def up
+  #     ...
+  #     say_with_time "Updating salaries..." do
+  #       Person.all.each do |p|
+  #         p.update_attribute :salary, SalaryCalculator.compute(p)
+  #       end
+  #     end
+  #     ...
+  #   end
+  #
+  # The phrase "Updating salaries..." would then be printed, along with the
+  # benchmark for the block when the block completes.
+  #
+  # == Timestamped Migrations
+  #
+  # By default, \Rails generates migrations that look like:
+  #
+  #    20080717013526_your_migration_name.rb
+  #
+  # The prefix is a generation timestamp (in UTC). Timestamps should not be
+  # modified manually. To validate that migration timestamps adhere to the
+  # format Active Record expects, you can use the following configuration option:
+  #
+  #    config.active_record.validate_migration_timestamps = true
+  #
+  # If you'd prefer to use numeric prefixes, you can turn timestamped migrations
+  # off by setting:
+  #
+  #    config.active_record.timestamped_migrations = false
+  #
+  # In application.rb.
+  #
+  # == Reversible Migrations
+  #
+  # Reversible migrations are migrations that know how to go +down+ for you.
+  # You simply supply the +up+ logic, and the Migration system figures out
+  # how to execute the down commands for you.
+  #
+  # To define a reversible migration, define the +change+ method in your
+  # migration like this:
+  #
+  #   class TenderloveMigration < ActiveRecord::Migration[8.0]
+  #     def change
+  #       create_table(:horses) do |t|
+  #         t.column :content, :text
+  #         t.column :remind_at, :datetime
+  #       end
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # This migration will create the horses table for you on the way up, and
+  # automatically figure out how to drop the table on the way down.
+  #
+  # Some commands cannot be reversed. If you care to define how to move up
+  # and down in these cases, you should define the +up+ and +down+ methods
+  # as before.
+  #
+  # If a command cannot be reversed, an
+  # ActiveRecord::IrreversibleMigration exception will be raised when
+  # the migration is moving down.
+  #
+  # For a list of commands that are reversible, please see
+  # +ActiveRecord::Migration::CommandRecorder+.
+  #
+  # == Transactional Migrations
+  #
+  # If the database adapter supports DDL transactions, all migrations will
+  # automatically be wrapped in a transaction. There are queries that you
+  # can't execute inside a transaction though, and for these situations
+  # you can turn the automatic transactions off.
+  #
+  #   class ChangeEnum < ActiveRecord::Migration[8.0]
+  #     disable_ddl_transaction!
+  #
+  #     def up
+  #       execute "ALTER TYPE model_size ADD VALUE 'new_value'"
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # Remember that you can still open your own transactions, even if you
+  # are in a Migration with <tt>self.disable_ddl_transaction!</tt>.
+  class Migration
+    autoload :CommandRecorder, "active_record/migration/command_recorder"
+    autoload :Compatibility, "active_record/migration/compatibility"
+    autoload :JoinTable, "active_record/migration/join_table"
+    autoload :ExecutionStrategy, "active_record/migration/execution_strategy"
+    autoload :DefaultStrategy, "active_record/migration/default_strategy"
+
+    # This must be defined before the inherited hook, below
+    class Current < Migration # :nodoc:
+      def create_table(table_name, **options)
+        if block_given?
+          super { |t| yield compatible_table_definition(t) }
+        else
+          super
+        end
+      end
+
+      def change_table(table_name, **options)
+        if block_given?
+          super { |t| yield compatible_table_definition(t) }
+        else
+          super
+        end
+      end
+
+      def create_join_table(table_1, table_2, **options)
+        if block_given?
+          super { |t| yield compatible_table_definition(t) }
+        else
+          super
+        end
+      end
+
+      def drop_table(*table_names, **options)
+        if block_given?
+          super { |t| yield compatible_table_definition(t) }
+        else
+          super
+        end
+      end
+
+      def compatible_table_definition(t)
+        t
+      end
+    end
+
+    def self.inherited(subclass) # :nodoc:
+      super
+      if subclass.superclass == Migration
+        major = ActiveRecord::VERSION::MAJOR
+        minor = ActiveRecord::VERSION::MINOR
+        raise StandardError, "Directly inheriting from ActiveRecord::Migration is not supported. " \
+          "Please specify the Active Record release the migration was written for:\n" \
+          "\n" \
+          "  class #{subclass} < ActiveRecord::Migration[#{major}.#{minor}]"
+      end
+    end
+
+    def self.[](version)
+      Compatibility.find(version)
+    end
+
+    def self.current_version
+      ActiveRecord::VERSION::STRING.to_f
+    end
+
+    MigrationFilenameRegexp = /\A([0-9]+)_([_a-z0-9]*)\.?([_a-z0-9]*)?\.rb\z/ # :nodoc:
+
+    def self.valid_version_format?(version_string) # :nodoc:
+      [
+        MigrationFilenameRegexp,
+        /\A\d(_?\d)*\z/ # integer with optional underscores
+      ].any? { |pattern| pattern.match?(version_string) }
+    end
+
+    # This class is used to verify that all migrations have been run before
+    # loading a web page if <tt>config.active_record.migration_error</tt> is set to +:page_load+.
+    class CheckPending
+      def initialize(app, file_watcher: ActiveSupport::FileUpdateChecker)
+        @app = app
+        @needs_check = true
+        @mutex = Mutex.new
+        @file_watcher = file_watcher
+      end
+
+      def call(env)
+        @mutex.synchronize do
+          @watcher ||= build_watcher do
+            @needs_check = true
+            ActiveRecord::Migration.check_pending_migrations
+            @needs_check = false
+          end
+
+          if @needs_check
+            @watcher.execute
+          else
+            @watcher.execute_if_updated
+          end
+        end
+
+        @app.call(env)
+      end
+
+      private
+        def build_watcher(&block)
+          current_environment = ActiveRecord::ConnectionHandling::DEFAULT_ENV.call
+          all_configs = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: current_environment)
+          paths = all_configs.flat_map { |config| config.migrations_paths || Migrator.migrations_paths }.uniq
+          @file_watcher.new([], paths.index_with(["rb"]), &block)
+        end
+
+        def connection
+          ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.migration_connection
+        end
+    end
+
+    class << self
+      attr_accessor :delegate # :nodoc:
+      attr_accessor :disable_ddl_transaction # :nodoc:
+
+      def nearest_delegate # :nodoc:
+        delegate || superclass.nearest_delegate
+      end
+
+      # Raises ActiveRecord::PendingMigrationError error if any migrations are pending
+      # for all database configurations in an environment.
+      def check_all_pending!
+        pending_migrations = []
+
+        ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.with_temporary_pool_for_each(env: env) do |pool|
+          if pending = pool.migration_context.open.pending_migrations
+            pending_migrations << pending
+          end
+        end
+
+        migrations = pending_migrations.flatten
+
+        if migrations.any?
+          raise ActiveRecord::PendingMigrationError.new(pending_migrations: migrations)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def load_schema_if_pending!
+        if any_schema_needs_update?
+          load_schema!
+        end
+
+        check_pending_migrations
+      end
+
+      def maintain_test_schema! # :nodoc:
+        if ActiveRecord.maintain_test_schema
+          suppress_messages { load_schema_if_pending! }
+        end
+      end
+
+      def method_missing(name, ...) # :nodoc:
+        nearest_delegate.send(name, ...)
+      end
+
+      def migrate(direction)
+        new.migrate direction
+      end
+
+      # Disable the transaction wrapping this migration.
+      # You can still create your own transactions even after calling #disable_ddl_transaction!
+      #
+      # For more details read the {"Transactional Migrations" section above}[rdoc-ref:Migration].
+      def disable_ddl_transaction!
+        @disable_ddl_transaction = true
+      end
+
+      def check_pending_migrations # :nodoc:
+        migrations = pending_migrations
+
+        if migrations.any?
+          raise ActiveRecord::PendingMigrationError.new(pending_migrations: migrations)
+        end
+      end
+
+      private
+        def any_schema_needs_update?
+          !db_configs_in_current_env.all? do |db_config|
+            Tasks::DatabaseTasks.schema_up_to_date?(db_config, ActiveRecord.schema_format)
+          end
+        end
+
+        def db_configs_in_current_env
+          ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: env)
+        end
+
+        def pending_migrations
+          pending_migrations = []
+
+          ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: env).each do |db_config|
+            ActiveRecord::PendingMigrationConnection.with_temporary_pool(db_config) do |pool|
+              if pending = pool.migration_context.open.pending_migrations
+                pending_migrations << pending
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          pending_migrations.flatten
+        end
+
+        def env
+          ActiveRecord::ConnectionHandling::DEFAULT_ENV.call
+        end
+
+        def load_schema!
+          # Roundtrip to Rake to allow plugins to hook into database initialization.
+          root = defined?(ENGINE_ROOT) ? ENGINE_ROOT : Rails.root
+
+          FileUtils.cd(root) do
+            Base.connection_handler.clear_all_connections!(:all)
+            system("bin/rails db:test:prepare")
+          end
+        end
+    end
+
+    def disable_ddl_transaction # :nodoc:
+      self.class.disable_ddl_transaction
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # :singleton-method: verbose
+    #
+    # Specifies if migrations will write the actions they are taking to the console as they
+    # happen, along with benchmarks describing how long each step took. Defaults to
+    # true.
+    cattr_accessor :verbose
+    attr_accessor :name, :version
+
+    def initialize(name = self.class.name, version = nil)
+      @name       = name
+      @version    = version
+      @connection = nil
+      @pool       = nil
+    end
+
+    def execution_strategy
+      @execution_strategy ||= ActiveRecord.migration_strategy.new(self)
+    end
+
+    self.verbose = true
+    # instantiate the delegate object after initialize is defined
+    self.delegate = new
+
+    # Reverses the migration commands for the given block and
+    # the given migrations.
+    #
+    # The following migration will remove the table 'horses'
+    # and create the table 'apples' on the way up, and the reverse
+    # on the way down.
+    #
+    #   class FixTLMigration < ActiveRecord::Migration[8.0]
+    #     def change
+    #       revert do
+    #         create_table(:horses) do |t|
+    #           t.text :content
+    #           t.datetime :remind_at
+    #         end
+    #       end
+    #       create_table(:apples) do |t|
+    #         t.string :variety
+    #       end
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    #
+    # Or equivalently, if +TenderloveMigration+ is defined as in the
+    # documentation for Migration:
+    #
+    #   require_relative "20121212123456_tenderlove_migration"
+    #
+    #   class FixupTLMigration < ActiveRecord::Migration[8.0]
+    #     def change
+    #       revert TenderloveMigration
+    #
+    #       create_table(:apples) do |t|
+    #         t.string :variety
+    #       end
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    #
+    # This command can be nested.
+    def revert(*migration_classes, &block)
+      run(*migration_classes.reverse, revert: true) unless migration_classes.empty?
+      if block_given?
+        if connection.respond_to? :revert
+          connection.revert(&block)
+        else
+          recorder = command_recorder
+          @connection = recorder
+          suppress_messages do
+            connection.revert(&block)
+          end
+          @connection = recorder.delegate
+          recorder.replay(self)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def reverting?
+      connection.respond_to?(:reverting) && connection.reverting
+    end
+
+    ReversibleBlockHelper = Struct.new(:reverting) do # :nodoc:
+      def up
+        yield unless reverting
+      end
+
+      def down
+        yield if reverting
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Used to specify an operation that can be run in one direction or another.
+    # Call the methods +up+ and +down+ of the yielded object to run a block
+    # only in one given direction.
+    # The whole block will be called in the right order within the migration.
+    #
+    # In the following example, the looping on users will always be done
+    # when the three columns 'first_name', 'last_name' and 'full_name' exist,
+    # even when migrating down:
+    #
+    #    class SplitNameMigration < ActiveRecord::Migration[8.0]
+    #      def change
+    #        add_column :users, :first_name, :string
+    #        add_column :users, :last_name, :string
+    #
+    #        reversible do |dir|
+    #          User.reset_column_information
+    #          User.all.each do |u|
+    #            dir.up   { u.first_name, u.last_name = u.full_name.split(' ') }
+    #            dir.down { u.full_name = "#{u.first_name} #{u.last_name}" }
+    #            u.save
+    #          end
+    #        end
+    #
+    #        revert { add_column :users, :full_name, :string }
+    #      end
+    #    end
+    def reversible
+      helper = ReversibleBlockHelper.new(reverting?)
+      execute_block { yield helper }
+    end
+
+    # Used to specify an operation that is only run when migrating up
+    # (for example, populating a new column with its initial values).
+    #
+    # In the following example, the new column +published+ will be given
+    # the value +true+ for all existing records.
+    #
+    #    class AddPublishedToPosts < ActiveRecord::Migration[8.0]
+    #      def change
+    #        add_column :posts, :published, :boolean, default: false
+    #        up_only do
+    #          execute "update posts set published = 'true'"
+    #        end
+    #      end
+    #    end
+    def up_only(&block)
+      execute_block(&block) unless reverting?
+    end
+
+    # Runs the given migration classes.
+    # Last argument can specify options:
+    #
+    # - +:direction+ - Default is +:up+.
+    # - +:revert+ - Default is +false+.
+    def run(*migration_classes)
+      opts = migration_classes.extract_options!
+      dir = opts[:direction] || :up
+      dir = (dir == :down ? :up : :down) if opts[:revert]
+      if reverting?
+        # If in revert and going :up, say, we want to execute :down without reverting, so
+        revert { run(*migration_classes, direction: dir, revert: true) }
+      else
+        migration_classes.each do |migration_class|
+          migration_class.new.exec_migration(connection, dir)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def up
+      self.class.delegate = self
+      return unless self.class.respond_to?(:up)
+      self.class.up
+    end
+
+    def down
+      self.class.delegate = self
+      return unless self.class.respond_to?(:down)
+      self.class.down
+    end
+
+    # Execute this migration in the named direction
+    def migrate(direction)
+      return unless respond_to?(direction)
+
+      case direction
+      when :up   then announce "migrating"
+      when :down then announce "reverting"
+      end
+
+      time_elapsed = nil
+      ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.migration_connection.pool.with_connection do |conn|
+        time_elapsed = ActiveSupport::Benchmark.realtime do
+          exec_migration(conn, direction)
+        end
+      end
+
+      case direction
+      when :up   then announce "migrated (%.4fs)" % time_elapsed; write
+      when :down then announce "reverted (%.4fs)" % time_elapsed; write
+      end
+    end
+
+    def exec_migration(conn, direction)
+      @connection = conn
+      if respond_to?(:change)
+        if direction == :down
+          revert { change }
+        else
+          change
+        end
+      else
+        public_send(direction)
+      end
+    ensure
+      @connection = nil
+      @execution_strategy = nil
+    end
+
+    def write(text = "")
+      puts(text) if verbose
+    end
+
+    def announce(message)
+      text = "#{version} #{name}: #{message}"
+      length = [0, 75 - text.length].max
+      write "== %s %s" % [text, "=" * length]
+    end
+
+    # Takes a message argument and outputs it as is.
+    # A second boolean argument can be passed to specify whether to indent or not.
+    def say(message, subitem = false)
+      write "#{subitem ? "   ->" : "--"} #{message}"
+    end
+
+    # Outputs text along with how long it took to run its block.
+    # If the block returns an integer it assumes it is the number of rows affected.
+    def say_with_time(message)
+      say(message)
+      result = nil
+      time_elapsed = ActiveSupport::Benchmark.realtime { result = yield }
+      say "%.4fs" % time_elapsed, :subitem
+      say("#{result} rows", :subitem) if result.is_a?(Integer)
+      result
+    end
+
+    # Takes a block as an argument and suppresses any output generated by the block.
+    def suppress_messages
+      save, self.verbose = verbose, false
+      yield
+    ensure
+      self.verbose = save
+    end
+
+    def connection
+      @connection || ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.migration_connection
+    end
+
+    def connection_pool
+      @pool || ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.migration_connection_pool
+    end
+
+    def method_missing(method, *arguments, &block)
+      say_with_time "#{method}(#{format_arguments(arguments)})" do
+        unless connection.respond_to? :revert
+          unless arguments.empty? || [:execute, :enable_extension, :disable_extension].include?(method)
+            arguments[0] = proper_table_name(arguments.first, table_name_options)
+            if method == :rename_table ||
+              (method == :remove_foreign_key && !arguments.second.is_a?(Hash))
+              arguments[1] = proper_table_name(arguments.second, table_name_options)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+        return super unless execution_strategy.respond_to?(method)
+        execution_strategy.send(method, *arguments, &block)
+      end
+    end
+    ruby2_keywords(:method_missing)
+
+    def copy(destination, sources, options = {})
+      copied = []
+
+      FileUtils.mkdir_p(destination) unless File.exist?(destination)
+      schema_migration = SchemaMigration::NullSchemaMigration.new
+      internal_metadata = InternalMetadata::NullInternalMetadata.new
+
+      destination_migrations = ActiveRecord::MigrationContext.new(destination, schema_migration, internal_metadata).migrations
+      last = destination_migrations.last
+      sources.each do |scope, path|
+        source_migrations = ActiveRecord::MigrationContext.new(path, schema_migration, internal_metadata).migrations
+
+        source_migrations.each do |migration|
+          source = File.binread(migration.filename)
+          inserted_comment = "# This migration comes from #{scope} (originally #{migration.version})\n"
+          magic_comments = +""
+          loop do
+            # If we have a magic comment in the original migration,
+            # insert our comment after the first newline(end of the magic comment line)
+            # so the magic keep working.
+            # Note that magic comments must be at the first line(except sh-bang).
+            source.sub!(/\A(?:#.*\b(?:en)?coding:\s*\S+|#\s*frozen_string_literal:\s*(?:true|false)).*\n/) do |magic_comment|
+              magic_comments << magic_comment; ""
+            end || break
+          end
+
+          if !magic_comments.empty? && source.start_with?("\n")
+            magic_comments << "\n"
+            source = source[1..-1]
+          end
+
+          source = "#{magic_comments}#{inserted_comment}#{source}"
+
+          if duplicate = destination_migrations.detect { |m| m.name == migration.name }
+            if options[:on_skip] && duplicate.scope != scope.to_s
+              options[:on_skip].call(scope, migration)
+            end
+            next
+          end
+
+          migration.version = next_migration_number(last ? last.version + 1 : 0).to_i
+          new_path = File.join(destination, "#{migration.version}_#{migration.name.underscore}.#{scope}.rb")
+          old_path, migration.filename = migration.filename, new_path
+          last = migration
+
+          File.binwrite(migration.filename, source)
+          copied << migration
+          options[:on_copy].call(scope, migration, old_path) if options[:on_copy]
+          destination_migrations << migration
+        end
+      end
+
+      copied
+    end
+
+    # Finds the correct table name given an Active Record object.
+    # Uses the Active Record object's own table_name, or pre/suffix from the
+    # options passed in.
+    def proper_table_name(name, options = {})
+      if name.respond_to? :table_name
+        name.table_name
+      else
+        "#{options[:table_name_prefix]}#{name}#{options[:table_name_suffix]}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Determines the version number of the next migration.
+    def next_migration_number(number)
+      if ActiveRecord.timestamped_migrations
+        [Time.now.utc.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S"), "%.14d" % number].max
+      else
+        "%.3d" % number.to_i
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Builds a hash for use in ActiveRecord::Migration#proper_table_name using
+    # the Active Record object's table_name prefix and suffix
+    def table_name_options(config = ActiveRecord::Base) # :nodoc:
+      {
+        table_name_prefix: config.table_name_prefix,
+        table_name_suffix: config.table_name_suffix
+      }
+    end
+
+    private
+      def execute_block
+        if connection.respond_to? :execute_block
+          super # use normal delegation to record the block
+        else
+          yield
+        end
+      end
+
+      def format_arguments(arguments)
+        arg_list = arguments[0...-1].map(&:inspect)
+        last_arg = arguments.last
+        if last_arg.is_a?(Hash)
+          last_arg = last_arg.reject { |k, _v| internal_option?(k) }
+          arg_list << last_arg.inspect unless last_arg.empty?
+        else
+          arg_list << last_arg.inspect
+        end
+        arg_list.join(", ")
+      end
+
+      def internal_option?(option_name)
+        option_name.start_with?("_")
+      end
+
+      def command_recorder
+        CommandRecorder.new(connection)
+      end
+  end
+
+  # MigrationProxy is used to defer loading of the actual migration classes
+  # until they are needed
+  MigrationProxy = Struct.new(:name, :version, :filename, :scope) do
+    def initialize(name, version, filename, scope)
+      super
+      @migration = nil
+    end
+
+    def basename
+      File.basename(filename)
+    end
+
+    delegate :migrate, :announce, :write, :disable_ddl_transaction, to: :migration
+
+    private
+      def migration
+        @migration ||= load_migration
+      end
+
+      def load_migration
+        Object.send(:remove_const, name) rescue nil
+
+        load(File.expand_path(filename))
+        name.constantize.new(name, version)
+      end
+  end
+
+  # = \Migration \Context
+  #
+  # MigrationContext sets the context in which a migration is run.
+  #
+  # A migration context requires the path to the migrations is set
+  # in the +migrations_paths+ parameter. Optionally a +schema_migration+
+  # class can be provided. Multiple database applications will instantiate
+  # a +SchemaMigration+ object per database. From the Rake tasks, \Rails will
+  # handle this for you.
+  class MigrationContext
+    attr_reader :migrations_paths, :schema_migration, :internal_metadata
+
+    def initialize(migrations_paths, schema_migration = nil, internal_metadata = nil)
+      @migrations_paths = migrations_paths
+      @schema_migration = schema_migration || SchemaMigration.new(connection_pool)
+      @internal_metadata = internal_metadata || InternalMetadata.new(connection_pool)
+    end
+
+    # Runs the migrations in the +migrations_path+.
+    #
+    # If +target_version+ is +nil+, +migrate+ will run +up+.
+    #
+    # If the +current_version+ and +target_version+ are both
+    # 0 then an empty array will be returned and no migrations
+    # will be run.
+    #
+    # If the +current_version+ in the schema is greater than
+    # the +target_version+, then +down+ will be run.
+    #
+    # If none of the conditions are met, +up+ will be run with
+    # the +target_version+.
+    def migrate(target_version = nil, &block)
+      case
+      when target_version.nil?
+        up(target_version, &block)
+      when current_version == 0 && target_version == 0
+        []
+      when current_version > target_version
+        down(target_version, &block)
+      else
+        up(target_version, &block)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def rollback(steps = 1) # :nodoc:
+      move(:down, steps)
+    end
+
+    def forward(steps = 1) # :nodoc:
+      move(:up, steps)
+    end
+
+    def up(target_version = nil, &block) # :nodoc:
+      selected_migrations = if block_given?
+        migrations.select(&block)
+      else
+        migrations
+      end
+
+      Migrator.new(:up, selected_migrations, schema_migration, internal_metadata, target_version).migrate
+    end
+
+    def down(target_version = nil, &block) # :nodoc:
+      selected_migrations = if block_given?
+        migrations.select(&block)
+      else
+        migrations
+      end
+
+      Migrator.new(:down, selected_migrations, schema_migration, internal_metadata, target_version).migrate
+    end
+
+    def run(direction, target_version) # :nodoc:
+      Migrator.new(direction, migrations, schema_migration, internal_metadata, target_version).run
+    end
+
+    def open # :nodoc:
+      Migrator.new(:up, migrations, schema_migration, internal_metadata)
+    end
+
+    def get_all_versions # :nodoc:
+      if schema_migration.table_exists?
+        schema_migration.integer_versions
+      else
+        []
+      end
+    end
+
+    def current_version # :nodoc:
+      get_all_versions.max || 0
+    rescue ActiveRecord::NoDatabaseError
+    end
+
+    def needs_migration? # :nodoc:
+      pending_migration_versions.size > 0
+    end
+
+    def pending_migration_versions # :nodoc:
+      migrations.collect(&:version) - get_all_versions
+    end
+
+    def migrations # :nodoc:
+      migrations = migration_files.map do |file|
+        version, name, scope = parse_migration_filename(file)
+        raise IllegalMigrationNameError.new(file) unless version
+        if validate_timestamp? && !valid_migration_timestamp?(version)
+          raise InvalidMigrationTimestampError.new(version, name)
+        end
+        version = version.to_i
+        name = name.camelize
+
+        MigrationProxy.new(name, version, file, scope)
+      end
+
+      migrations.sort_by(&:version)
+    end
+
+    def migrations_status # :nodoc:
+      db_list = schema_migration.normalized_versions
+
+      file_list = migration_files.filter_map do |file|
+        version, name, scope = parse_migration_filename(file)
+        raise IllegalMigrationNameError.new(file) unless version
+        if validate_timestamp? && !valid_migration_timestamp?(version)
+          raise InvalidMigrationTimestampError.new(version, name)
+        end
+        version = schema_migration.normalize_migration_number(version)
+        status = db_list.delete(version) ? "up" : "down"
+        [status, version, (name + scope).humanize]
+      end
+
+      db_list.map! do |version|
+        ["up", version, "********** NO FILE **********"]
+      end
+
+      (db_list + file_list).sort_by { |_, version, _| version.to_i }
+    end
+
+    def current_environment # :nodoc:
+      ActiveRecord::ConnectionHandling::DEFAULT_ENV.call
+    end
+
+    def protected_environment? # :nodoc:
+      ActiveRecord::Base.protected_environments.include?(last_stored_environment) if last_stored_environment
+    end
+
+    def last_stored_environment # :nodoc:
+      internal_metadata = connection_pool.internal_metadata
+      return nil unless internal_metadata.enabled?
+      return nil if current_version == 0
+      raise NoEnvironmentInSchemaError unless internal_metadata.table_exists?
+
+      environment = internal_metadata[:environment]
+      raise NoEnvironmentInSchemaError unless environment
+      environment
+    end
+
+    private
+      def connection
+        ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.migration_connection
+      end
+
+      def connection_pool
+        ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.migration_connection_pool
+      end
+
+      def migration_files
+        paths = Array(migrations_paths)
+        Dir[*paths.flat_map { |path| "#{path}/**/[0-9]*_*.rb" }]
+      end
+
+      def parse_migration_filename(filename)
+        File.basename(filename).scan(Migration::MigrationFilenameRegexp).first
+      end
+
+      def validate_timestamp?
+        ActiveRecord.timestamped_migrations && ActiveRecord.validate_migration_timestamps
+      end
+
+      def valid_migration_timestamp?(version)
+        version.to_i < (Time.now.utc + 1.day).strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S").to_i
+      end
+
+      def move(direction, steps)
+        migrator = Migrator.new(direction, migrations, schema_migration, internal_metadata)
+
+        if current_version != 0 && !migrator.current_migration
+          raise UnknownMigrationVersionError.new(current_version)
+        end
+
+        start_index =
+          if current_version == 0
+            0
+          else
+            migrator.migrations.index(migrator.current_migration)
+          end
+
+        finish = migrator.migrations[start_index + steps]
+        version = finish ? finish.version : 0
+        public_send(direction, version)
+      end
+  end
+
+  class Migrator # :nodoc:
+    class << self
+      attr_accessor :migrations_paths
+
+      # For cases where a table doesn't exist like loading from schema cache
+      def current_version
+        connection_pool = ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.migration_connection_pool
+        schema_migration = SchemaMigration.new(connection_pool)
+        internal_metadata = InternalMetadata.new(connection_pool)
+
+        MigrationContext.new(migrations_paths, schema_migration, internal_metadata).current_version
+      end
+    end
+
+    self.migrations_paths = ["db/migrate"]
+
+    def initialize(direction, migrations, schema_migration, internal_metadata, target_version = nil)
+      @direction         = direction
+      @target_version    = target_version
+      @migrated_versions = nil
+      @migrations        = migrations
+      @schema_migration  = schema_migration
+      @internal_metadata = internal_metadata
+
+      validate(@migrations)
+
+      @schema_migration.create_table
+      @internal_metadata.create_table
+    end
+
+    def current_version
+      migrated.max || 0
+    end
+
+    def current_migration
+      migrations.detect { |m| m.version == current_version }
+    end
+    alias :current :current_migration
+
+    def run
+      if use_advisory_lock?
+        with_advisory_lock { run_without_lock }
+      else
+        run_without_lock
+      end
+    end
+
+    def migrate
+      if use_advisory_lock?
+        with_advisory_lock { migrate_without_lock }
+      else
+        migrate_without_lock
+      end
+    end
+
+    def runnable
+      runnable = migrations[start..finish]
+      if up?
+        runnable.reject { |m| ran?(m) }
+      else
+        # skip the last migration if we're headed down, but not ALL the way down
+        runnable.pop if target
+        runnable.find_all { |m| ran?(m) }
+      end
+    end
+
+    def migrations
+      down? ? @migrations.reverse : @migrations.sort_by(&:version)
+    end
+
+    def pending_migrations
+      already_migrated = migrated
+      migrations.reject { |m| already_migrated.include?(m.version) }
+    end
+
+    def migrated
+      @migrated_versions || load_migrated
+    end
+
+    def load_migrated
+      @migrated_versions = Set.new(@schema_migration.integer_versions)
+    end
+
+    private
+      def connection
+        ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.migration_connection
+      end
+
+      # Used for running a specific migration.
+      def run_without_lock
+        migration = migrations.detect { |m| m.version == @target_version }
+        raise UnknownMigrationVersionError.new(@target_version) if migration.nil?
+
+        record_environment
+        execute_migration_in_transaction(migration)
+      end
+
+      # Used for running multiple migrations up to or down to a certain value.
+      def migrate_without_lock
+        if invalid_target?
+          raise UnknownMigrationVersionError.new(@target_version)
+        end
+
+        record_environment
+        runnable.each(&method(:execute_migration_in_transaction))
+      end
+
+      # Stores the current environment in the database.
+      def record_environment
+        return if down?
+
+        @internal_metadata[:environment] = connection.pool.db_config.env_name
+      end
+
+      def ran?(migration)
+        migrated.include?(migration.version.to_i)
+      end
+
+      # Return true if a valid version is not provided.
+      def invalid_target?
+        @target_version && @target_version != 0 && !target
+      end
+
+      def execute_migration_in_transaction(migration)
+        return if down? && !migrated.include?(migration.version.to_i)
+        return if up?   &&  migrated.include?(migration.version.to_i)
+
+        Base.logger.info "Migrating to #{migration.name} (#{migration.version})" if Base.logger
+
+        ddl_transaction(migration) do
+          migration.migrate(@direction)
+          record_version_state_after_migrating(migration.version)
+        end
+      rescue => e
+        msg = +"An error has occurred, "
+        msg << "this and " if use_transaction?(migration)
+        msg << "all later migrations canceled:\n\n#{e}"
+        raise StandardError, msg, e.backtrace
+      end
+
+      def target
+        migrations.detect { |m| m.version == @target_version }
+      end
+
+      def finish
+        migrations.index(target) || migrations.size - 1
+      end
+
+      def start
+        up? ? 0 : (migrations.index(current) || 0)
+      end
+
+      def validate(migrations)
+        name, = migrations.group_by(&:name).find { |_, v| v.length > 1 }
+        raise DuplicateMigrationNameError.new(name) if name
+
+        version, = migrations.group_by(&:version).find { |_, v| v.length > 1 }
+        raise DuplicateMigrationVersionError.new(version) if version
+      end
+
+      def record_version_state_after_migrating(version)
+        if down?
+          migrated.delete(version)
+          @schema_migration.delete_version(version.to_s)
+        else
+          migrated << version
+          @schema_migration.create_version(version.to_s)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def up?
+        @direction == :up
+      end
+
+      def down?
+        @direction == :down
+      end
+
+      # Wrap the migration in a transaction only if supported by the adapter.
+      def ddl_transaction(migration, &block)
+        if use_transaction?(migration)
+          connection.transaction(&block)
+        else
+          yield
+        end
+      end
+
+      def use_transaction?(migration)
+        !migration.disable_ddl_transaction && connection.supports_ddl_transactions?
+      end
+
+      def use_advisory_lock?
+        connection.advisory_locks_enabled?
+      end
+
+      def with_advisory_lock
+        lock_id = generate_migrator_advisory_lock_id
+
+        got_lock = connection.get_advisory_lock(lock_id)
+        raise ConcurrentMigrationError unless got_lock
+        load_migrated # reload schema_migrations to be sure it wasn't changed by another process before we got the lock
+        yield
+      ensure
+        if got_lock && !connection.release_advisory_lock(lock_id)
+          raise ConcurrentMigrationError.new(
+            ConcurrentMigrationError::RELEASE_LOCK_FAILED_MESSAGE
+          )
+        end
+      end
+
+      MIGRATOR_SALT = 2053462845
+      def generate_migrator_advisory_lock_id
+        db_name_hash = Zlib.crc32(connection.current_database)
+        MIGRATOR_SALT * db_name_hash
+      end
+  end
+end