omg-activerecord 8.0.0.alpha1

data/lib/active_record/database_configurations.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "uri"
+require "active_record/database_configurations/database_config"
+require "active_record/database_configurations/hash_config"
+require "active_record/database_configurations/url_config"
+require "active_record/database_configurations/connection_url_resolver"
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  # = Active Record Database Configurations
+  #
+  # +ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations+ returns an array of +DatabaseConfig+
+  # objects that are constructed from the application's database
+  # configuration hash or URL string.
+  #
+  # The array of +DatabaseConfig+ objects in an application default to either a
+  # HashConfig or UrlConfig. You can retrieve your application's config by using
+  # ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.
+  #
+  # If you register a custom handler, objects will be created according to the
+  # conditions of the handler. See ::register_db_config_handler for more on
+  # registering custom handlers.
+  class DatabaseConfigurations
+    class InvalidConfigurationError < StandardError; end
+
+    attr_reader :configurations
+    delegate :any?, to: :configurations
+
+    singleton_class.attr_accessor :db_config_handlers # :nodoc:
+    self.db_config_handlers = [] # :nodoc:
+
+    # Allows an application to register a custom handler for database configuration
+    # objects. This is useful for creating a custom handler that responds to
+    # methods your application needs but Active Record doesn't implement. For
+    # example if you are using Vitess, you may want your Vitess configurations
+    # to respond to `sharded?`. To implement this define the following in an
+    # initializer:
+    #
+    #   ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations.register_db_config_handler do |env_name, name, url, config|
+    #     next unless config.key?(:vitess)
+    #     VitessConfig.new(env_name, name, config)
+    #   end
+    #
+    # Note: applications must handle the condition in which custom config should be
+    # created in your handler registration otherwise all objects will use the custom
+    # handler.
+    #
+    # Then define your +VitessConfig+ to respond to the methods your application
+    # needs. It is recommended that you inherit from one of the existing
+    # database config classes to avoid having to reimplement all methods. Custom
+    # config handlers should only implement methods Active Record does not.
+    #
+    #   class VitessConfig < ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::UrlConfig
+    #     def sharded?
+    #       configuration_hash.fetch("sharded", false)
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    #
+    # For configs that have a +:vitess+ key, a +VitessConfig+ object will be
+    # created instead of a +UrlConfig+.
+    def self.register_db_config_handler(&block)
+      db_config_handlers << block
+    end
+
+    register_db_config_handler do |env_name, name, url, config|
+      if url
+        UrlConfig.new(env_name, name, url, config)
+      else
+        HashConfig.new(env_name, name, config)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def initialize(configurations = {})
+      @configurations = build_configs(configurations)
+    end
+
+    # Collects the configs for the environment and optionally the specification
+    # name passed in. To include replica configurations pass <tt>include_hidden: true</tt>.
+    #
+    # If a name is provided a single +DatabaseConfig+ object will be
+    # returned, otherwise an array of +DatabaseConfig+ objects will be
+    # returned that corresponds with the environment and type requested.
+    #
+    # ==== Options
+    #
+    # * <tt>env_name:</tt> The environment name. Defaults to +nil+ which will collect
+    #   configs for all environments.
+    # * <tt>name:</tt> The db config name (i.e. primary, animals, etc.). Defaults
+    #   to +nil+. If no +env_name+ is specified the config for the default env and the
+    #   passed +name+ will be returned.
+    # * <tt>config_key:</tt> Selects configs that contain a particular key in the configuration
+    #   hash. Useful for selecting configs that use a custom db config handler or finding
+    #   configs with hashes that contain a particular key.
+    # * <tt>include_hidden:</tt> Determines whether to include replicas and configurations
+    #   hidden by <tt>database_tasks: false</tt> in the returned list. Most of the time we're only
+    #   iterating over the primary connections (i.e. migrations don't need to run for the
+    #   write and read connection). Defaults to +false+.
+    def configs_for(env_name: nil, name: nil, config_key: nil, include_hidden: false)
+      env_name ||= default_env if name
+      configs = env_with_configs(env_name)
+
+      unless include_hidden
+        configs = configs.select do |db_config|
+          db_config.database_tasks?
+        end
+      end
+
+      if config_key
+        configs = configs.select do |db_config|
+          db_config.configuration_hash.key?(config_key)
+        end
+      end
+
+      if name
+        configs.find do |db_config|
+          db_config.name == name.to_s
+        end
+      else
+        configs
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Returns a single +DatabaseConfig+ object based on the requested environment.
+    #
+    # If the application has multiple databases +find_db_config+ will return
+    # the first +DatabaseConfig+ for the environment.
+    def find_db_config(env)
+      env = env.to_s
+      configurations.find do |db_config|
+        db_config.for_current_env? && (db_config.env_name == env || db_config.name == env)
+      end || configurations.find do |db_config|
+        db_config.env_name == env
+      end
+    end
+
+    # A primary configuration is one that is named primary or if there is
+    # no primary, the first configuration for an environment will be treated
+    # as primary. This is used as the "default" configuration and is used
+    # when the application needs to treat one configuration differently. For
+    # example, when Rails dumps the schema, the primary configuration's schema
+    # file will be named `schema.rb` instead of `primary_schema.rb`.
+    def primary?(name) # :nodoc:
+      return true if name == "primary"
+
+      first_config = find_db_config(default_env)
+      first_config && name == first_config.name
+    end
+
+    # Checks if the application's configurations are empty.
+    def empty?
+      configurations.empty?
+    end
+    alias :blank? :empty?
+
+    # Returns fully resolved connection, accepts hash, string or symbol.
+    # Always returns a DatabaseConfiguration::DatabaseConfig
+    #
+    # == Examples
+    #
+    # Symbol representing current environment.
+    #
+    #   DatabaseConfigurations.new("production" => {}).resolve(:production)
+    #   # => DatabaseConfigurations::HashConfig.new(env_name: "production", config: {})
+    #
+    # One layer deep hash of connection values.
+    #
+    #   DatabaseConfigurations.new({}).resolve("adapter" => "sqlite3")
+    #   # => DatabaseConfigurations::HashConfig.new(config: {"adapter" => "sqlite3"})
+    #
+    # Connection URL.
+    #
+    #   DatabaseConfigurations.new({}).resolve("postgresql://localhost/foo")
+    #   # => DatabaseConfigurations::UrlConfig.new(config: {"adapter" => "postgresql", "host" => "localhost", "database" => "foo"})
+    def resolve(config) # :nodoc:
+      return config if DatabaseConfigurations::DatabaseConfig === config
+
+      case config
+      when Symbol
+        resolve_symbol_connection(config)
+      when Hash, String
+        build_db_config_from_raw_config(default_env, "primary", config)
+      else
+        raise TypeError, "Invalid type for configuration. Expected Symbol, String, or Hash. Got #{config.inspect}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    private
+      def default_env
+        ActiveRecord::ConnectionHandling::DEFAULT_ENV.call.to_s
+      end
+
+      def env_with_configs(env = nil)
+        if env
+          configurations.select { |db_config| db_config.env_name == env }
+        else
+          configurations
+        end
+      end
+
+      def build_configs(configs)
+        return configs.configurations if configs.is_a?(DatabaseConfigurations)
+        return configs if configs.is_a?(Array)
+
+        db_configs = configs.flat_map do |env_name, config|
+          if config.is_a?(Hash) && config.values.all?(Hash)
+            walk_configs(env_name.to_s, config)
+          else
+            build_db_config_from_raw_config(env_name.to_s, "primary", config)
+          end
+        end
+
+        unless db_configs.find(&:for_current_env?)
+          db_configs << environment_url_config(default_env, "primary", {})
+        end
+
+        merge_db_environment_variables(default_env, db_configs.compact)
+      end
+
+      def walk_configs(env_name, config)
+        config.map do |name, sub_config|
+          build_db_config_from_raw_config(env_name, name.to_s, sub_config)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def resolve_symbol_connection(name)
+        if db_config = find_db_config(name)
+          db_config
+        else
+          raise AdapterNotSpecified, <<~MSG
+            The `#{name}` database is not configured for the `#{default_env}` environment.
+
+              Available database configurations are:
+
+              #{build_configuration_sentence}
+          MSG
+        end
+      end
+
+      def build_configuration_sentence
+        configs = configs_for(include_hidden: true)
+
+        configs.group_by(&:env_name).map do |env, config|
+          names = config.map(&:name)
+          if names.size > 1
+            "#{env}: #{names.join(", ")}"
+          else
+            env
+          end
+        end.join("\n")
+      end
+
+      def build_db_config_from_raw_config(env_name, name, config)
+        case config
+        when String
+          build_db_config_from_string(env_name, name, config)
+        when Hash
+          build_db_config_from_hash(env_name, name, config.symbolize_keys)
+        else
+          raise InvalidConfigurationError, "'{ #{env_name} => #{config} }' is not a valid configuration. Expected '#{config}' to be a URL string or a Hash."
+        end
+      end
+
+      def build_db_config_from_string(env_name, name, config)
+        url = config
+        uri = URI.parse(url)
+        if uri.scheme
+          UrlConfig.new(env_name, name, url)
+        else
+          raise InvalidConfigurationError, "'{ #{env_name} => #{config} }' is not a valid configuration. Expected '#{config}' to be a URL string or a Hash."
+        end
+      end
+
+      def build_db_config_from_hash(env_name, name, config)
+        url = config[:url]
+        config_without_url = config.dup
+        config_without_url.delete :url
+
+        DatabaseConfigurations.db_config_handlers.reverse_each do |handler|
+          config = handler.call(env_name, name, url, config_without_url)
+          return config if config
+        end
+
+        nil
+      end
+
+      def merge_db_environment_variables(current_env, configs)
+        configs.map do |config|
+          next config if config.is_a?(UrlConfig) || config.env_name != current_env
+
+          url_config = environment_url_config(current_env, config.name, config.configuration_hash)
+          url_config || config
+        end
+      end
+
+      def environment_url_config(env, name, config)
+        url = environment_value_for(name)
+        return unless url
+
+        UrlConfig.new(env, name, url, config)
+      end
+
+      def environment_value_for(name)
+        name_env_key = "#{name.upcase}_DATABASE_URL"
+        url = ENV[name_env_key]
+        url ||= ENV["DATABASE_URL"] if name == "primary"
+        url
+      end
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_record/delegated_type.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/inquiry"
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  # = Delegated types
+  #
+  # Class hierarchies can map to relational database tables in many ways. Active Record, for example, offers
+  # purely abstract classes, where the superclass doesn't persist any attributes, and single-table inheritance,
+  # where all attributes from all levels of the hierarchy are represented in a single table. Both have their
+  # places, but neither are without their drawbacks.
+  #
+  # The problem with purely abstract classes is that all concrete subclasses must persist all the shared
+  # attributes themselves in their own tables (also known as class-table inheritance). This makes it hard to
+  # do queries across the hierarchy. For example, imagine you have the following hierarchy:
+  #
+  #   Entry < ApplicationRecord
+  #   Message < Entry
+  #   Comment < Entry
+  #
+  # How do you show a feed that has both +Message+ and +Comment+ records, which can be easily paginated?
+  # Well, you can't! Messages are backed by a messages table and comments by a comments table. You can't
+  # pull from both tables at once and use a consistent OFFSET/LIMIT scheme.
+  #
+  # You can get around the pagination problem by using single-table inheritance, but now you're forced into
+  # a single mega table with all the attributes from all subclasses. No matter how divergent. If a Message
+  # has a subject, but the comment does not, well, now the comment does anyway! So STI works best when there's
+  # little divergence between the subclasses and their attributes.
+  #
+  # But there's a third way: Delegated types. With this approach, the "superclass" is a concrete class
+  # that is represented by its own table, where all the superclass attributes that are shared amongst all the
+  # "subclasses" are stored. And then each of the subclasses have their own individual tables for additional
+  # attributes that are particular to their implementation. This is similar to what's called multi-table
+  # inheritance in Django, but instead of actual inheritance, this approach uses delegation to form the
+  # hierarchy and share responsibilities.
+  #
+  # Let's look at that entry/message/comment example using delegated types:
+  #
+  #   # Schema: entries[ id, account_id, creator_id, entryable_type, entryable_id, created_at, updated_at ]
+  #   class Entry < ApplicationRecord
+  #     belongs_to :account
+  #     belongs_to :creator
+  #     delegated_type :entryable, types: %w[ Message Comment ]
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   module Entryable
+  #     extend ActiveSupport::Concern
+  #
+  #     included do
+  #       has_one :entry, as: :entryable, touch: true
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   # Schema: messages[ id, subject, body, created_at, updated_at ]
+  #   class Message < ApplicationRecord
+  #     include Entryable
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   # Schema: comments[ id, content, created_at, updated_at ]
+  #   class Comment < ApplicationRecord
+  #     include Entryable
+  #   end
+  #
+  # As you can see, neither +Message+ nor +Comment+ are meant to stand alone. Crucial metadata for both classes
+  # resides in the +Entry+ "superclass". But the +Entry+ absolutely can stand alone in terms of querying capacity
+  # in particular. You can now easily do things like:
+  #
+  #   Account.find(1).entries.order(created_at: :desc).limit(50)
+  #
+  # Which is exactly what you want when displaying both comments and messages together. The entry itself can
+  # be rendered as its delegated type easily, like so:
+  #
+  #   # entries/_entry.html.erb
+  #   <%= render "entries/entryables/#{entry.entryable_name}", entry: entry %>
+  #
+  #   # entries/entryables/_message.html.erb
+  #   <div class="message">
+  #     <div class="subject"><%= entry.message.subject %></div>
+  #     <p><%= entry.message.body %></p>
+  #     <i>Posted on <%= entry.created_at %> by <%= entry.creator.name %></i>
+  #   </div>
+  #
+  #   # entries/entryables/_comment.html.erb
+  #   <div class="comment">
+  #     <%= entry.creator.name %> said: <%= entry.comment.content %>
+  #   </div>
+  #
+  # == Sharing behavior with concerns and controllers
+  #
+  # The entry "superclass" also serves as a perfect place to put all that shared logic that applies to both
+  # messages and comments, and which acts primarily on the shared attributes. Imagine:
+  #
+  #   class Entry < ApplicationRecord
+  #     include Eventable, Forwardable, Redeliverable
+  #   end
+  #
+  # Which allows you to have controllers for things like +ForwardsController+ and +RedeliverableController+
+  # that both act on entries, and thus provide the shared functionality to both messages and comments.
+  #
+  # == Creating new records
+  #
+  # You create a new record that uses delegated typing by creating the delegator and delegatee at the same time,
+  # like so:
+  #
+  #   Entry.create! entryable: Comment.new(content: "Hello!"), creator: Current.user, account: Current.account
+  #
+  # If you need more complicated composition, or you need to perform dependent validation, you should build a factory
+  # method or class to take care of the complicated needs. This could be as simple as:
+  #
+  #   class Entry < ApplicationRecord
+  #     def self.create_with_comment(content, creator: Current.user, account: Current.account)
+  #       create! entryable: Comment.new(content: content), creator: creator, account: account
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # == Querying across records
+  #
+  # A consequence of delegated types is that querying attributes spread across multiple classes becomes slightly more
+  # tricky, but not impossible.
+  #
+  # The simplest method is to join the "superclass" to the "subclass" and apply the query parameters (i.e. <tt>#where</tt>)
+  # in appropriate places:
+  #
+  #   Comment.joins(:entry).where(comments: { content: 'Hello!' }, entry: { creator: Current.user } )
+  #
+  # For convenience, add a scope on the concern. Now all classes that implement the concern will automatically include
+  # the method:
+  #
+  #   # app/models/concerns/entryable.rb
+  #   scope :with_entry, ->(attrs) { joins(:entry).where(entry: attrs) }
+  #
+  # Now the query can be shortened significantly:
+  #
+  #   Comment.where(content: 'Hello!').with_entry(creator: Current.user)
+  #
+  # == Adding further delegation
+  #
+  # The delegated type shouldn't just answer the question of what the underlying class is called. In fact, that's
+  # an anti-pattern most of the time. The reason you're building this hierarchy is to take advantage of polymorphism.
+  # So here's a simple example of that:
+  #
+  #   class Entry < ApplicationRecord
+  #     delegated_type :entryable, types: %w[ Message Comment ]
+  #     delegate :title, to: :entryable
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   class Message < ApplicationRecord
+  #     def title
+  #       subject
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   class Comment < ApplicationRecord
+  #     def title
+  #       content.truncate(20)
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # Now you can list a bunch of entries, call <tt>Entry#title</tt>, and polymorphism will provide you with the answer.
+  #
+  # == Nested \Attributes
+  #
+  # Enabling nested attributes on a delegated_type association allows you to
+  # create the entry and message in one go:
+  #
+  #   class Entry < ApplicationRecord
+  #     delegated_type :entryable, types: %w[ Message Comment ]
+  #     accepts_nested_attributes_for :entryable
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   params = { entry: { entryable_type: 'Message', entryable_attributes: { subject: 'Smiling' } } }
+  #   entry = Entry.create(params[:entry])
+  #   entry.entryable.id # => 2
+  #   entry.entryable.subject # => 'Smiling'
+  module DelegatedType
+    # Defines this as a class that'll delegate its type for the passed +role+ to the class references in +types+.
+    # That'll create a polymorphic +belongs_to+ relationship to that +role+, and it'll add all the delegated
+    # type convenience methods:
+    #
+    #   class Entry < ApplicationRecord
+    #     delegated_type :entryable, types: %w[ Message Comment ], dependent: :destroy
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   Entry#entryable_class # => +Message+ or +Comment+
+    #   Entry#entryable_name  # => "message" or "comment"
+    #   Entry.messages        # => Entry.where(entryable_type: "Message")
+    #   Entry#message?        # => true when entryable_type == "Message"
+    #   Entry#message         # => returns the message record, when entryable_type == "Message", otherwise nil
+    #   Entry#message_id      # => returns entryable_id, when entryable_type == "Message", otherwise nil
+    #   Entry.comments        # => Entry.where(entryable_type: "Comment")
+    #   Entry#comment?        # => true when entryable_type == "Comment"
+    #   Entry#comment         # => returns the comment record, when entryable_type == "Comment", otherwise nil
+    #   Entry#comment_id      # => returns entryable_id, when entryable_type == "Comment", otherwise nil
+    #
+    # You can also declare namespaced types:
+    #
+    #   class Entry < ApplicationRecord
+    #     delegated_type :entryable, types: %w[ Message Comment Access::NoticeMessage ], dependent: :destroy
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   Entry.access_notice_messages
+    #   entry.access_notice_message
+    #   entry.access_notice_message?
+    #
+    # === Options
+    #
+    # The +options+ are passed directly to the +belongs_to+ call, so this is where you declare +dependent+ etc.
+    # The following options can be included to specialize the behavior of the delegated type convenience methods.
+    #
+    # [:foreign_key]
+    #   Specify the foreign key used for the convenience methods. By default this is guessed to be the passed
+    #   +role+ with an "_id" suffix. So a class that defines a
+    #   <tt>delegated_type :entryable, types: %w[ Message Comment ]</tt> association will use "entryable_id" as
+    #   the default <tt>:foreign_key</tt>.
+    # [:foreign_type]
+    #   Specify the column used to store the associated object's type. By default this is inferred to be the passed
+    #   +role+ with a "_type" suffix. A class that defines a
+    #   <tt>delegated_type :entryable, types: %w[ Message Comment ]</tt> association will use "entryable_type" as
+    #   the default <tt>:foreign_type</tt>.
+    # [:primary_key]
+    #   Specify the method that returns the primary key of associated object used for the convenience methods.
+    #   By default this is +id+.
+    # [+:inverse_of+]
+    #   Specifies the name of the #belongs_to association on the associated object
+    #   that is the inverse of this #has_one association. By default, the class
+    #   singularized class name is used unless a <tt>:foreign_key</tt> option is
+    #   also provided. For example, a call to
+    #   <tt>Entry.delegated_type</tt> will default to <tt>inverse_of: :entry</tt>.
+    #   See ActiveRecord::Associations::ClassMethods's overview on Bi-directional
+    #   associations for more detail.
+    #
+    # Option examples:
+    #   class Entry < ApplicationRecord
+    #     delegated_type :entryable, types: %w[ Message Comment ], primary_key: :uuid, foreign_key: :entryable_uuid
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   Entry#message_uuid      # => returns entryable_uuid, when entryable_type == "Message", otherwise nil
+    #   Entry#comment_uuid      # => returns entryable_uuid, when entryable_type == "Comment", otherwise nil
+    def delegated_type(role, types:, **options)
+      options[:inverse_of] = model_name.singular unless options.key?(:inverse_of) || options.key?(:foreign_key)
+
+      belongs_to role, options.delete(:scope), **options.merge(polymorphic: true)
+      define_delegated_type_methods role, types: types, options: options
+    end
+
+    private
+      def define_delegated_type_methods(role, types:, options:)
+        primary_key = options[:primary_key] || "id"
+        role_type = options[:foreign_type] || "#{role}_type"
+        role_id   = options[:foreign_key] || "#{role}_id"
+
+        define_singleton_method "#{role}_types" do
+          types.map(&:to_s)
+        end
+
+        define_method "#{role}_class" do
+          public_send(role_type).constantize
+        end
+
+        define_method "#{role}_name" do
+          public_send("#{role}_class").model_name.singular.inquiry
+        end
+
+        define_method "build_#{role}" do |*params|
+          public_send("#{role}=", public_send("#{role}_class").new(*params))
+        end
+
+        types.each do |type|
+          scope_name = type.tableize.tr("/", "_")
+          singular   = scope_name.singularize
+          query      = "#{singular}?"
+
+          scope scope_name, -> { where(role_type => type) }
+
+          define_method query do
+            public_send(role_type) == type
+          end
+
+          define_method singular do
+            public_send(role) if public_send(query)
+          end
+
+          define_method "#{singular}_#{primary_key}" do
+            public_send(role_id) if public_send(query)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_record/deprecator.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  def self.deprecator # :nodoc:
+    @deprecator ||= ActiveSupport::Deprecation.new
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_record/destroy_association_async_job.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  class DestroyAssociationAsyncError < StandardError
+  end
+
+  # = Active Record Destroy Association Async Job
+  #
+  # Job to destroy the records associated with a destroyed record in background.
+  class DestroyAssociationAsyncJob < ActiveJob::Base
+    queue_as { ActiveRecord.queues[:destroy] }
+
+    discard_on ActiveJob::DeserializationError
+
+    def perform(
+      owner_model_name: nil, owner_id: nil,
+      association_class: nil, association_ids: nil, association_primary_key_column: nil,
+      ensuring_owner_was_method: nil
+    )
+      association_model = association_class.constantize
+      owner_class = owner_model_name.constantize
+      owner = owner_class.find_by(owner_class.primary_key => [owner_id])
+
+      if !owner_destroyed?(owner, ensuring_owner_was_method)
+        raise DestroyAssociationAsyncError, "owner record not destroyed"
+      end
+
+      association_model.where(association_primary_key_column => association_ids).find_each do |r|
+        r.destroy
+      end
+    end
+
+    private
+      def owner_destroyed?(owner, ensuring_owner_was_method)
+        !owner || (ensuring_owner_was_method && owner.public_send(ensuring_owner_was_method))
+      end
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_record/disable_joins_association_relation.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  class DisableJoinsAssociationRelation < Relation # :nodoc:
+    attr_reader :ids, :key
+
+    def initialize(klass, key, ids)
+      @ids = ids.uniq
+      @key = key
+      super(klass)
+    end
+
+    def limit(value)
+      records.take(value)
+    end
+
+    def first(limit = nil)
+      if limit
+        records.limit(limit).first
+      else
+        records.first
+      end
+    end
+
+    def load
+      super
+      records = @records
+
+      records_by_id = records.group_by do |record|
+        record[key]
+      end
+
+      records = ids.flat_map { |id| records_by_id[id] }
+      records.compact!
+
+      @records = records
+    end
+  end
+end