libv8 3.3.10.2

data/lib/libv8/v8/src/factory.h

@@ -0,0 +1,442 @@
+// Copyright 2010 the V8 project authors. All rights reserved.
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+//       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+//       copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
+//       disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
+//       with the distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+//       contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
+//       from this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef V8_FACTORY_H_
+#define V8_FACTORY_H_
+
+#include "globals.h"
+#include "handles.h"
+#include "heap.h"
+
+namespace v8 {
+namespace internal {
+
+// Interface for handle based allocation.
+
+class Factory {
+ public:
+  // Allocate a new fixed array with undefined entries.
+  Handle<FixedArray> NewFixedArray(
+      int size,
+      PretenureFlag pretenure = NOT_TENURED);
+
+  // Allocate a new fixed array with non-existing entries (the hole).
+  Handle<FixedArray> NewFixedArrayWithHoles(
+      int size,
+      PretenureFlag pretenure = NOT_TENURED);
+
+  Handle<NumberDictionary> NewNumberDictionary(int at_least_space_for);
+
+  Handle<StringDictionary> NewStringDictionary(int at_least_space_for);
+
+  Handle<DescriptorArray> NewDescriptorArray(int number_of_descriptors);
+  Handle<DeoptimizationInputData> NewDeoptimizationInputData(
+      int deopt_entry_count,
+      PretenureFlag pretenure);
+  Handle<DeoptimizationOutputData> NewDeoptimizationOutputData(
+      int deopt_entry_count,
+      PretenureFlag pretenure);
+
+  Handle<String> LookupSymbol(Vector<const char> str);
+  Handle<String> LookupSymbol(Handle<String> str);
+  Handle<String> LookupAsciiSymbol(Vector<const char> str);
+  Handle<String> LookupAsciiSymbol(Handle<SeqAsciiString>,
+                                   int from,
+                                   int length);
+  Handle<String> LookupTwoByteSymbol(Vector<const uc16> str);
+  Handle<String> LookupAsciiSymbol(const char* str) {
+    return LookupSymbol(CStrVector(str));
+  }
+
+
+  // String creation functions.  Most of the string creation functions take
+  // a Heap::PretenureFlag argument to optionally request that they be
+  // allocated in the old generation.  The pretenure flag defaults to
+  // DONT_TENURE.
+  //
+  // Creates a new String object.  There are two String encodings: ASCII and
+  // two byte.  One should choose between the three string factory functions
+  // based on the encoding of the string buffer that the string is
+  // initialized from.
+  //   - ...FromAscii initializes the string from a buffer that is ASCII
+  //     encoded (it does not check that the buffer is ASCII encoded) and
+  //     the result will be ASCII encoded.
+  //   - ...FromUtf8 initializes the string from a buffer that is UTF-8
+  //     encoded.  If the characters are all single-byte characters, the
+  //     result will be ASCII encoded, otherwise it will converted to two
+  //     byte.
+  //   - ...FromTwoByte initializes the string from a buffer that is two
+  //     byte encoded.  If the characters are all single-byte characters,
+  //     the result will be converted to ASCII, otherwise it will be left as
+  //     two byte.
+  //
+  // ASCII strings are pretenured when used as keys in the SourceCodeCache.
+  Handle<String> NewStringFromAscii(
+      Vector<const char> str,
+      PretenureFlag pretenure = NOT_TENURED);
+
+  // UTF8 strings are pretenured when used for regexp literal patterns and
+  // flags in the parser.
+  Handle<String> NewStringFromUtf8(
+      Vector<const char> str,
+      PretenureFlag pretenure = NOT_TENURED);
+
+  Handle<String> NewStringFromTwoByte(
+      Vector<const uc16> str,
+      PretenureFlag pretenure = NOT_TENURED);
+
+  // Allocates and partially initializes an ASCII or TwoByte String. The
+  // characters of the string are uninitialized. Currently used in regexp code
+  // only, where they are pretenured.
+  Handle<String> NewRawAsciiString(
+      int length,
+      PretenureFlag pretenure = NOT_TENURED);
+  Handle<String> NewRawTwoByteString(
+      int length,
+      PretenureFlag pretenure = NOT_TENURED);
+
+  // Create a new cons string object which consists of a pair of strings.
+  Handle<String> NewConsString(Handle<String> first,
+                               Handle<String> second);
+
+  // Create a new string object which holds a substring of a string.
+  Handle<String> NewSubString(Handle<String> str,
+                              int begin,
+                              int end);
+
+  // Creates a new external String object.  There are two String encodings
+  // in the system: ASCII and two byte.  Unlike other String types, it does
+  // not make sense to have a UTF-8 factory function for external strings,
+  // because we cannot change the underlying buffer.
+  Handle<String> NewExternalStringFromAscii(
+      ExternalAsciiString::Resource* resource);
+  Handle<String> NewExternalStringFromTwoByte(
+      ExternalTwoByteString::Resource* resource);
+
+  // Create a global (but otherwise uninitialized) context.
+  Handle<Context> NewGlobalContext();
+
+  // Create a function context.
+  Handle<Context> NewFunctionContext(int length,
+                                     Handle<JSFunction> closure);
+
+  // Create a 'with' context.
+  Handle<Context> NewWithContext(Handle<Context> previous,
+                                 Handle<JSObject> extension,
+                                 bool is_catch_context);
+
+  // Return the Symbol matching the passed in string.
+  Handle<String> SymbolFromString(Handle<String> value);
+
+  // Allocate a new struct.  The struct is pretenured (allocated directly in
+  // the old generation).
+  Handle<Struct> NewStruct(InstanceType type);
+
+  Handle<AccessorInfo> NewAccessorInfo();
+
+  Handle<Script> NewScript(Handle<String> source);
+
+  // Foreign objects are pretenured when allocated by the bootstrapper.
+  Handle<Foreign> NewForeign(Address addr,
+                             PretenureFlag pretenure = NOT_TENURED);
+
+  // Allocate a new foreign object.  The foreign is pretenured (allocated
+  // directly in the old generation).
+  Handle<Foreign> NewForeign(const AccessorDescriptor* foreign);
+
+  Handle<ByteArray> NewByteArray(int length,
+                                 PretenureFlag pretenure = NOT_TENURED);
+
+  Handle<ExternalArray> NewExternalArray(
+      int length,
+      ExternalArrayType array_type,
+      void* external_pointer,
+      PretenureFlag pretenure = NOT_TENURED);
+
+  Handle<JSGlobalPropertyCell> NewJSGlobalPropertyCell(
+      Handle<Object> value);
+
+  Handle<Map> NewMap(InstanceType type, int instance_size);
+
+  Handle<JSObject> NewFunctionPrototype(Handle<JSFunction> function);
+
+  Handle<Map> CopyMapDropDescriptors(Handle<Map> map);
+
+  // Copy the map adding more inobject properties if possible without
+  // overflowing the instance size.
+  Handle<Map> CopyMap(Handle<Map> map, int extra_inobject_props);
+
+  Handle<Map> CopyMapDropTransitions(Handle<Map> map);
+
+  Handle<Map> GetFastElementsMap(Handle<Map> map);
+
+  Handle<Map> GetSlowElementsMap(Handle<Map> map);
+
+  Handle<Map> GetExternalArrayElementsMap(Handle<Map> map,
+                                          ExternalArrayType array_type,
+                                          bool safe_to_add_transition);
+
+  Handle<FixedArray> CopyFixedArray(Handle<FixedArray> array);
+
+  // Numbers (eg, literals) are pretenured by the parser.
+  Handle<Object> NewNumber(double value,
+                           PretenureFlag pretenure = NOT_TENURED);
+
+  Handle<Object> NewNumberFromInt(int value);
+  Handle<Object> NewNumberFromUint(uint32_t value);
+
+  // These objects are used by the api to create env-independent data
+  // structures in the heap.
+  Handle<JSObject> NewNeanderObject();
+
+  Handle<JSObject> NewArgumentsObject(Handle<Object> callee, int length);
+
+  // JS objects are pretenured when allocated by the bootstrapper and
+  // runtime.
+  Handle<JSObject> NewJSObject(Handle<JSFunction> constructor,
+                               PretenureFlag pretenure = NOT_TENURED);
+
+  // Global objects are pretenured.
+  Handle<GlobalObject> NewGlobalObject(Handle<JSFunction> constructor);
+
+  // JS objects are pretenured when allocated by the bootstrapper and
+  // runtime.
+  Handle<JSObject> NewJSObjectFromMap(Handle<Map> map);
+
+  // JS arrays are pretenured when allocated by the parser.
+  Handle<JSArray> NewJSArray(int capacity,
+                             PretenureFlag pretenure = NOT_TENURED);
+
+  Handle<JSArray> NewJSArrayWithElements(
+      Handle<FixedArray> elements,
+      PretenureFlag pretenure = NOT_TENURED);
+
+  Handle<JSProxy> NewJSProxy(Handle<Object> handler, Handle<Object> prototype);
+
+  Handle<JSFunction> NewFunction(Handle<String> name,
+                                 Handle<Object> prototype);
+
+  Handle<JSFunction> NewFunctionWithoutPrototype(
+      Handle<String> name,
+      StrictModeFlag strict_mode);
+
+  Handle<JSFunction> NewFunction(Handle<Object> super, bool is_global);
+
+  Handle<JSFunction> BaseNewFunctionFromSharedFunctionInfo(
+      Handle<SharedFunctionInfo> function_info,
+      Handle<Map> function_map,
+      PretenureFlag pretenure);
+
+  Handle<JSFunction> NewFunctionFromSharedFunctionInfo(
+      Handle<SharedFunctionInfo> function_info,
+      Handle<Context> context,
+      PretenureFlag pretenure = TENURED);
+
+  Handle<Code> NewCode(const CodeDesc& desc,
+                       Code::Flags flags,
+                       Handle<Object> self_reference,
+                       bool immovable = false);
+
+  Handle<Code> CopyCode(Handle<Code> code);
+
+  Handle<Code> CopyCode(Handle<Code> code, Vector<byte> reloc_info);
+
+  Handle<Object> ToObject(Handle<Object> object);
+  Handle<Object> ToObject(Handle<Object> object,
+                          Handle<Context> global_context);
+
+  // Interface for creating error objects.
+
+  Handle<Object> NewError(const char* maker, const char* type,
+                          Handle<JSArray> args);
+  Handle<Object> NewError(const char* maker, const char* type,
+                          Vector< Handle<Object> > args);
+  Handle<Object> NewError(const char* type,
+                          Vector< Handle<Object> > args);
+  Handle<Object> NewError(Handle<String> message);
+  Handle<Object> NewError(const char* constructor,
+                          Handle<String> message);
+
+  Handle<Object> NewTypeError(const char* type,
+                              Vector< Handle<Object> > args);
+  Handle<Object> NewTypeError(Handle<String> message);
+
+  Handle<Object> NewRangeError(const char* type,
+                               Vector< Handle<Object> > args);
+  Handle<Object> NewRangeError(Handle<String> message);
+
+  Handle<Object> NewSyntaxError(const char* type, Handle<JSArray> args);
+  Handle<Object> NewSyntaxError(Handle<String> message);
+
+  Handle<Object> NewReferenceError(const char* type,
+                                   Vector< Handle<Object> > args);
+  Handle<Object> NewReferenceError(Handle<String> message);
+
+  Handle<Object> NewEvalError(const char* type,
+                              Vector< Handle<Object> > args);
+
+
+  Handle<JSFunction> NewFunction(Handle<String> name,
+                                 InstanceType type,
+                                 int instance_size,
+                                 Handle<Code> code,
+                                 bool force_initial_map);
+
+  Handle<JSFunction> NewFunction(Handle<Map> function_map,
+      Handle<SharedFunctionInfo> shared, Handle<Object> prototype);
+
+
+  Handle<JSFunction> NewFunctionWithPrototype(Handle<String> name,
+                                              InstanceType type,
+                                              int instance_size,
+                                              Handle<JSObject> prototype,
+                                              Handle<Code> code,
+                                              bool force_initial_map);
+
+  Handle<JSFunction> NewFunctionWithoutPrototype(Handle<String> name,
+                                                 Handle<Code> code);
+
+  Handle<DescriptorArray> CopyAppendForeignDescriptor(
+      Handle<DescriptorArray> array,
+      Handle<String> key,
+      Handle<Object> value,
+      PropertyAttributes attributes);
+
+  Handle<String> NumberToString(Handle<Object> number);
+
+  enum ApiInstanceType {
+    JavaScriptObject,
+    InnerGlobalObject,
+    OuterGlobalObject
+  };
+
+  Handle<JSFunction> CreateApiFunction(
+      Handle<FunctionTemplateInfo> data,
+      ApiInstanceType type = JavaScriptObject);
+
+  Handle<JSFunction> InstallMembers(Handle<JSFunction> function);
+
+  // Installs interceptors on the instance.  'desc' is a function template,
+  // and instance is an object instance created by the function of this
+  // function template.
+  void ConfigureInstance(Handle<FunctionTemplateInfo> desc,
+                         Handle<JSObject> instance,
+                         bool* pending_exception);
+
+#define ROOT_ACCESSOR(type, name, camel_name)                                  \
+  inline Handle<type> name() {                                                 \
+    return Handle<type>(BitCast<type**>(                                       \
+        &isolate()->heap()->roots_[Heap::k##camel_name##RootIndex]));          \
+  }
+  ROOT_LIST(ROOT_ACCESSOR)
+#undef ROOT_ACCESSOR_ACCESSOR
+
+#define SYMBOL_ACCESSOR(name, str)                                             \
+  inline Handle<String> name() {                                               \
+    return Handle<String>(BitCast<String**>(                                   \
+        &isolate()->heap()->roots_[Heap::k##name##RootIndex]));                \
+  }
+  SYMBOL_LIST(SYMBOL_ACCESSOR)
+#undef SYMBOL_ACCESSOR
+
+  Handle<String> hidden_symbol() {
+    return Handle<String>(&isolate()->heap()->hidden_symbol_);
+  }
+
+  Handle<SharedFunctionInfo> NewSharedFunctionInfo(
+      Handle<String> name,
+      int number_of_literals,
+      Handle<Code> code,
+      Handle<SerializedScopeInfo> scope_info);
+  Handle<SharedFunctionInfo> NewSharedFunctionInfo(Handle<String> name);
+
+  Handle<JSMessageObject> NewJSMessageObject(
+      Handle<String> type,
+      Handle<JSArray> arguments,
+      int start_position,
+      int end_position,
+      Handle<Object> script,
+      Handle<Object> stack_trace,
+      Handle<Object> stack_frames);
+
+  Handle<NumberDictionary> DictionaryAtNumberPut(
+      Handle<NumberDictionary>,
+      uint32_t key,
+      Handle<Object> value);
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT
+  Handle<DebugInfo> NewDebugInfo(Handle<SharedFunctionInfo> shared);
+#endif
+
+  // Return a map using the map cache in the global context.
+  // The key the an ordered set of property names.
+  Handle<Map> ObjectLiteralMapFromCache(Handle<Context> context,
+                                        Handle<FixedArray> keys);
+
+  // Creates a new FixedArray that holds the data associated with the
+  // atom regexp and stores it in the regexp.
+  void SetRegExpAtomData(Handle<JSRegExp> regexp,
+                         JSRegExp::Type type,
+                         Handle<String> source,
+                         JSRegExp::Flags flags,
+                         Handle<Object> match_pattern);
+
+  // Creates a new FixedArray that holds the data associated with the
+  // irregexp regexp and stores it in the regexp.
+  void SetRegExpIrregexpData(Handle<JSRegExp> regexp,
+                             JSRegExp::Type type,
+                             Handle<String> source,
+                             JSRegExp::Flags flags,
+                             int capture_count);
+
+ private:
+  Isolate* isolate() { return reinterpret_cast<Isolate*>(this); }
+
+  Handle<JSFunction> NewFunctionHelper(Handle<String> name,
+                                       Handle<Object> prototype);
+
+  Handle<JSFunction> NewFunctionWithoutPrototypeHelper(
+      Handle<String> name,
+      StrictModeFlag strict_mode);
+
+  Handle<DescriptorArray> CopyAppendCallbackDescriptors(
+      Handle<DescriptorArray> array,
+      Handle<Object> descriptors);
+
+  // Create a new map cache.
+  Handle<MapCache> NewMapCache(int at_least_space_for);
+
+  // Update the map cache in the global context with (keys, map)
+  Handle<MapCache> AddToMapCache(Handle<Context> context,
+                                 Handle<FixedArray> keys,
+                                 Handle<Map> map);
+};
+
+
+} }  // namespace v8::internal
+
+#endif  // V8_FACTORY_H_

data/lib/libv8/v8/src/fast-dtoa.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,736 @@
+// Copyright 2010 the V8 project authors. All rights reserved.
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+//       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+//       copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
+//       disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
+//       with the distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+//       contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
+//       from this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include "v8.h"
+
+#include "fast-dtoa.h"
+
+#include "cached-powers.h"
+#include "diy-fp.h"
+#include "double.h"
+
+namespace v8 {
+namespace internal {
+
+// The minimal and maximal target exponent define the range of w's binary
+// exponent, where 'w' is the result of multiplying the input by a cached power
+// of ten.
+//
+// A different range might be chosen on a different platform, to optimize digit
+// generation, but a smaller range requires more powers of ten to be cached.
+static const int kMinimalTargetExponent = -60;
+static const int kMaximalTargetExponent = -32;
+
+
+// Adjusts the last digit of the generated number, and screens out generated
+// solutions that may be inaccurate. A solution may be inaccurate if it is
+// outside the safe interval, or if we ctannot prove that it is closer to the
+// input than a neighboring representation of the same length.
+//
+// Input: * buffer containing the digits of too_high / 10^kappa
+//        * the buffer's length
+//        * distance_too_high_w == (too_high - w).f() * unit
+//        * unsafe_interval == (too_high - too_low).f() * unit
+//        * rest = (too_high - buffer * 10^kappa).f() * unit
+//        * ten_kappa = 10^kappa * unit
+//        * unit = the common multiplier
+// Output: returns true if the buffer is guaranteed to contain the closest
+//    representable number to the input.
+//  Modifies the generated digits in the buffer to approach (round towards) w.
+static bool RoundWeed(Vector<char> buffer,
+                      int length,
+                      uint64_t distance_too_high_w,
+                      uint64_t unsafe_interval,
+                      uint64_t rest,
+                      uint64_t ten_kappa,
+                      uint64_t unit) {
+  uint64_t small_distance = distance_too_high_w - unit;
+  uint64_t big_distance = distance_too_high_w + unit;
+  // Let w_low  = too_high - big_distance, and
+  //     w_high = too_high - small_distance.
+  // Note: w_low < w < w_high
+  //
+  // The real w (* unit) must lie somewhere inside the interval
+  // ]w_low; w_high[ (often written as "(w_low; w_high)")
+
+  // Basically the buffer currently contains a number in the unsafe interval
+  // ]too_low; too_high[ with too_low < w < too_high
+  //
+  //  too_high - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+  //                     ^v 1 unit            ^      ^                 ^      ^
+  //  boundary_high ---------------------     .      .                 .      .
+  //                     ^v 1 unit            .      .                 .      .
+  //   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  +  - - + - - - - - -     .      .
+  //                                          .      .         ^       .      .
+  //                                          .  big_distance  .       .      .
+  //                                          .      .         .       .    rest
+  //                              small_distance     .         .       .      .
+  //                                          v      .         .       .      .
+  //  w_high - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -     .         .       .      .
+  //                     ^v 1 unit                   .         .       .      .
+  //  w ----------------------------------------     .         .       .      .
+  //                     ^v 1 unit                   v         .       .      .
+  //  w_low  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -         .       .      .
+  //                                                           .       .      v
+  //  buffer --------------------------------------------------+-------+--------
+  //                                                           .       .
+  //                                                  safe_interval    .
+  //                                                           v       .
+  //   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -     .
+  //                     ^v 1 unit                                     .
+  //  boundary_low -------------------------                     unsafe_interval
+  //                     ^v 1 unit                                     v
+  //  too_low  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+  //
+  //
+  // Note that the value of buffer could lie anywhere inside the range too_low
+  // to too_high.
+  //
+  // boundary_low, boundary_high and w are approximations of the real boundaries
+  // and v (the input number). They are guaranteed to be precise up to one unit.
+  // In fact the error is guaranteed to be strictly less than one unit.
+  //
+  // Anything that lies outside the unsafe interval is guaranteed not to round
+  // to v when read again.
+  // Anything that lies inside the safe interval is guaranteed to round to v
+  // when read again.
+  // If the number inside the buffer lies inside the unsafe interval but not
+  // inside the safe interval then we simply do not know and bail out (returning
+  // false).
+  //
+  // Similarly we have to take into account the imprecision of 'w' when finding
+  // the closest representation of 'w'. If we have two potential
+  // representations, and one is closer to both w_low and w_high, then we know
+  // it is closer to the actual value v.
+  //
+  // By generating the digits of too_high we got the largest (closest to
+  // too_high) buffer that is still in the unsafe interval. In the case where
+  // w_high < buffer < too_high we try to decrement the buffer.
+  // This way the buffer approaches (rounds towards) w.
+  // There are 3 conditions that stop the decrementation process:
+  //   1) the buffer is already below w_high
+  //   2) decrementing the buffer would make it leave the unsafe interval
+  //   3) decrementing the buffer would yield a number below w_high and farther
+  //      away than the current number. In other words:
+  //              (buffer{-1} < w_high) && w_high - buffer{-1} > buffer - w_high
+  // Instead of using the buffer directly we use its distance to too_high.
+  // Conceptually rest ~= too_high - buffer
+  // We need to do the following tests in this order to avoid over- and
+  // underflows.
+  ASSERT(rest <= unsafe_interval);
+  while (rest < small_distance &&  // Negated condition 1
+         unsafe_interval - rest >= ten_kappa &&  // Negated condition 2
+         (rest + ten_kappa < small_distance ||  // buffer{-1} > w_high
+          small_distance - rest >= rest + ten_kappa - small_distance)) {
+    buffer[length - 1]--;
+    rest += ten_kappa;
+  }
+
+  // We have approached w+ as much as possible. We now test if approaching w-
+  // would require changing the buffer. If yes, then we have two possible
+  // representations close to w, but we cannot decide which one is closer.
+  if (rest < big_distance &&
+      unsafe_interval - rest >= ten_kappa &&
+      (rest + ten_kappa < big_distance ||
+       big_distance - rest > rest + ten_kappa - big_distance)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Weeding test.
+  //   The safe interval is [too_low + 2 ulp; too_high - 2 ulp]
+  //   Since too_low = too_high - unsafe_interval this is equivalent to
+  //      [too_high - unsafe_interval + 4 ulp; too_high - 2 ulp]
+  //   Conceptually we have: rest ~= too_high - buffer
+  return (2 * unit <= rest) && (rest <= unsafe_interval - 4 * unit);
+}
+
+
+// Rounds the buffer upwards if the result is closer to v by possibly adding
+// 1 to the buffer. If the precision of the calculation is not sufficient to
+// round correctly, return false.
+// The rounding might shift the whole buffer in which case the kappa is
+// adjusted. For example "99", kappa = 3 might become "10", kappa = 4.
+//
+// If 2*rest > ten_kappa then the buffer needs to be round up.
+// rest can have an error of +/- 1 unit. This function accounts for the
+// imprecision and returns false, if the rounding direction cannot be
+// unambiguously determined.
+//
+// Precondition: rest < ten_kappa.
+static bool RoundWeedCounted(Vector<char> buffer,
+                             int length,
+                             uint64_t rest,
+                             uint64_t ten_kappa,
+                             uint64_t unit,
+                             int* kappa) {
+  ASSERT(rest < ten_kappa);
+  // The following tests are done in a specific order to avoid overflows. They
+  // will work correctly with any uint64 values of rest < ten_kappa and unit.
+  //
+  // If the unit is too big, then we don't know which way to round. For example
+  // a unit of 50 means that the real number lies within rest +/- 50. If
+  // 10^kappa == 40 then there is no way to tell which way to round.
+  if (unit >= ten_kappa) return false;
+  // Even if unit is just half the size of 10^kappa we are already completely
+  // lost. (And after the previous test we know that the expression will not
+  // over/underflow.)
+  if (ten_kappa - unit <= unit) return false;
+  // If 2 * (rest + unit) <= 10^kappa we can safely round down.
+  if ((ten_kappa - rest > rest) && (ten_kappa - 2 * rest >= 2 * unit)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  // If 2 * (rest - unit) >= 10^kappa, then we can safely round up.
+  if ((rest > unit) && (ten_kappa - (rest - unit) <= (rest - unit))) {
+    // Increment the last digit recursively until we find a non '9' digit.
+    buffer[length - 1]++;
+    for (int i = length - 1; i > 0; --i) {
+      if (buffer[i] != '0' + 10) break;
+      buffer[i] = '0';
+      buffer[i - 1]++;
+    }
+    // If the first digit is now '0'+ 10 we had a buffer with all '9's. With the
+    // exception of the first digit all digits are now '0'. Simply switch the
+    // first digit to '1' and adjust the kappa. Example: "99" becomes "10" and
+    // the power (the kappa) is increased.
+    if (buffer[0] == '0' + 10) {
+      buffer[0] = '1';
+      (*kappa) += 1;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+
+static const uint32_t kTen4 = 10000;
+static const uint32_t kTen5 = 100000;
+static const uint32_t kTen6 = 1000000;
+static const uint32_t kTen7 = 10000000;
+static const uint32_t kTen8 = 100000000;
+static const uint32_t kTen9 = 1000000000;
+
+// Returns the biggest power of ten that is less than or equal than the given
+// number. We furthermore receive the maximum number of bits 'number' has.
+// If number_bits == 0 then 0^-1 is returned
+// The number of bits must be <= 32.
+// Precondition: number < (1 << (number_bits + 1)).
+static void BiggestPowerTen(uint32_t number,
+                            int number_bits,
+                            uint32_t* power,
+                            int* exponent) {
+  switch (number_bits) {
+    case 32:
+    case 31:
+    case 30:
+      if (kTen9 <= number) {
+        *power = kTen9;
+        *exponent = 9;
+        break;
+      }  // else fallthrough
+    case 29:
+    case 28:
+    case 27:
+      if (kTen8 <= number) {
+        *power = kTen8;
+        *exponent = 8;
+        break;
+      }  // else fallthrough
+    case 26:
+    case 25:
+    case 24:
+      if (kTen7 <= number) {
+        *power = kTen7;
+        *exponent = 7;
+        break;
+      }  // else fallthrough
+    case 23:
+    case 22:
+    case 21:
+    case 20:
+      if (kTen6 <= number) {
+        *power = kTen6;
+        *exponent = 6;
+        break;
+      }  // else fallthrough
+    case 19:
+    case 18:
+    case 17:
+      if (kTen5 <= number) {
+        *power = kTen5;
+        *exponent = 5;
+        break;
+      }  // else fallthrough
+    case 16:
+    case 15:
+    case 14:
+      if (kTen4 <= number) {
+        *power = kTen4;
+        *exponent = 4;
+        break;
+      }  // else fallthrough
+    case 13:
+    case 12:
+    case 11:
+    case 10:
+      if (1000 <= number) {
+        *power = 1000;
+        *exponent = 3;
+        break;
+      }  // else fallthrough
+    case 9:
+    case 8:
+    case 7:
+      if (100 <= number) {
+        *power = 100;
+        *exponent = 2;
+        break;
+      }  // else fallthrough
+    case 6:
+    case 5:
+    case 4:
+      if (10 <= number) {
+        *power = 10;
+        *exponent = 1;
+        break;
+      }  // else fallthrough
+    case 3:
+    case 2:
+    case 1:
+      if (1 <= number) {
+        *power = 1;
+        *exponent = 0;
+        break;
+      }  // else fallthrough
+    case 0:
+      *power = 0;
+      *exponent = -1;
+      break;
+    default:
+      // Following assignments are here to silence compiler warnings.
+      *power = 0;
+      *exponent = 0;
+      UNREACHABLE();
+  }
+}
+
+
+// Generates the digits of input number w.
+// w is a floating-point number (DiyFp), consisting of a significand and an
+// exponent. Its exponent is bounded by kMinimalTargetExponent and
+// kMaximalTargetExponent.
+//       Hence -60 <= w.e() <= -32.
+//
+// Returns false if it fails, in which case the generated digits in the buffer
+// should not be used.
+// Preconditions:
+//  * low, w and high are correct up to 1 ulp (unit in the last place). That
+//    is, their error must be less than a unit of their last digits.
+//  * low.e() == w.e() == high.e()
+//  * low < w < high, and taking into account their error: low~ <= high~
+//  * kMinimalTargetExponent <= w.e() <= kMaximalTargetExponent
+// Postconditions: returns false if procedure fails.
+//   otherwise:
+//     * buffer is not null-terminated, but len contains the number of digits.
+//     * buffer contains the shortest possible decimal digit-sequence
+//       such that LOW < buffer * 10^kappa < HIGH, where LOW and HIGH are the
+//       correct values of low and high (without their error).
+//     * if more than one decimal representation gives the minimal number of
+//       decimal digits then the one closest to W (where W is the correct value
+//       of w) is chosen.
+// Remark: this procedure takes into account the imprecision of its input
+//   numbers. If the precision is not enough to guarantee all the postconditions
+//   then false is returned. This usually happens rarely (~0.5%).
+//
+// Say, for the sake of example, that
+//   w.e() == -48, and w.f() == 0x1234567890abcdef
+// w's value can be computed by w.f() * 2^w.e()
+// We can obtain w's integral digits by simply shifting w.f() by -w.e().
+//  -> w's integral part is 0x1234
+//  w's fractional part is therefore 0x567890abcdef.
+// Printing w's integral part is easy (simply print 0x1234 in decimal).
+// In order to print its fraction we repeatedly multiply the fraction by 10 and
+// get each digit. Example the first digit after the point would be computed by
+//   (0x567890abcdef * 10) >> 48. -> 3
+// The whole thing becomes slightly more complicated because we want to stop
+// once we have enough digits. That is, once the digits inside the buffer
+// represent 'w' we can stop. Everything inside the interval low - high
+// represents w. However we have to pay attention to low, high and w's
+// imprecision.
+static bool DigitGen(DiyFp low,
+                     DiyFp w,
+                     DiyFp high,
+                     Vector<char> buffer,
+                     int* length,
+                     int* kappa) {
+  ASSERT(low.e() == w.e() && w.e() == high.e());
+  ASSERT(low.f() + 1 <= high.f() - 1);
+  ASSERT(kMinimalTargetExponent <= w.e() && w.e() <= kMaximalTargetExponent);
+  // low, w and high are imprecise, but by less than one ulp (unit in the last
+  // place).
+  // If we remove (resp. add) 1 ulp from low (resp. high) we are certain that
+  // the new numbers are outside of the interval we want the final
+  // representation to lie in.
+  // Inversely adding (resp. removing) 1 ulp from low (resp. high) would yield
+  // numbers that are certain to lie in the interval. We will use this fact
+  // later on.
+  // We will now start by generating the digits within the uncertain
+  // interval. Later we will weed out representations that lie outside the safe
+  // interval and thus _might_ lie outside the correct interval.
+  uint64_t unit = 1;
+  DiyFp too_low = DiyFp(low.f() - unit, low.e());
+  DiyFp too_high = DiyFp(high.f() + unit, high.e());
+  // too_low and too_high are guaranteed to lie outside the interval we want the
+  // generated number in.
+  DiyFp unsafe_interval = DiyFp::Minus(too_high, too_low);
+  // We now cut the input number into two parts: the integral digits and the
+  // fractionals. We will not write any decimal separator though, but adapt
+  // kappa instead.
+  // Reminder: we are currently computing the digits (stored inside the buffer)
+  // such that:   too_low < buffer * 10^kappa < too_high
+  // We use too_high for the digit_generation and stop as soon as possible.
+  // If we stop early we effectively round down.
+  DiyFp one = DiyFp(static_cast<uint64_t>(1) << -w.e(), w.e());
+  // Division by one is a shift.
+  uint32_t integrals = static_cast<uint32_t>(too_high.f() >> -one.e());
+  // Modulo by one is an and.
+  uint64_t fractionals = too_high.f() & (one.f() - 1);
+  uint32_t divisor;
+  int divisor_exponent;
+  BiggestPowerTen(integrals, DiyFp::kSignificandSize - (-one.e()),
+                  &divisor, &divisor_exponent);
+  *kappa = divisor_exponent + 1;
+  *length = 0;
+  // Loop invariant: buffer = too_high / 10^kappa  (integer division)
+  // The invariant holds for the first iteration: kappa has been initialized
+  // with the divisor exponent + 1. And the divisor is the biggest power of ten
+  // that is smaller than integrals.
+  while (*kappa > 0) {
+    int digit = integrals / divisor;
+    buffer[*length] = '0' + digit;
+    (*length)++;
+    integrals %= divisor;
+    (*kappa)--;
+    // Note that kappa now equals the exponent of the divisor and that the
+    // invariant thus holds again.
+    uint64_t rest =
+        (static_cast<uint64_t>(integrals) << -one.e()) + fractionals;
+    // Invariant: too_high = buffer * 10^kappa + DiyFp(rest, one.e())
+    // Reminder: unsafe_interval.e() == one.e()
+    if (rest < unsafe_interval.f()) {
+      // Rounding down (by not emitting the remaining digits) yields a number
+      // that lies within the unsafe interval.
+      return RoundWeed(buffer, *length, DiyFp::Minus(too_high, w).f(),
+                       unsafe_interval.f(), rest,
+                       static_cast<uint64_t>(divisor) << -one.e(), unit);
+    }
+    divisor /= 10;
+  }
+
+  // The integrals have been generated. We are at the point of the decimal
+  // separator. In the following loop we simply multiply the remaining digits by
+  // 10 and divide by one. We just need to pay attention to multiply associated
+  // data (like the interval or 'unit'), too.
+  // Note that the multiplication by 10 does not overflow, because w.e >= -60
+  // and thus one.e >= -60.
+  ASSERT(one.e() >= -60);
+  ASSERT(fractionals < one.f());
+  ASSERT(V8_2PART_UINT64_C(0xFFFFFFFF, FFFFFFFF) / 10 >= one.f());
+  while (true) {
+    fractionals *= 10;
+    unit *= 10;
+    unsafe_interval.set_f(unsafe_interval.f() * 10);
+    // Integer division by one.
+    int digit = static_cast<int>(fractionals >> -one.e());
+    buffer[*length] = '0' + digit;
+    (*length)++;
+    fractionals &= one.f() - 1;  // Modulo by one.
+    (*kappa)--;
+    if (fractionals < unsafe_interval.f()) {
+      return RoundWeed(buffer, *length, DiyFp::Minus(too_high, w).f() * unit,
+                       unsafe_interval.f(), fractionals, one.f(), unit);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+// Generates (at most) requested_digits of input number w.
+// w is a floating-point number (DiyFp), consisting of a significand and an
+// exponent. Its exponent is bounded by kMinimalTargetExponent and
+// kMaximalTargetExponent.
+//       Hence -60 <= w.e() <= -32.
+//
+// Returns false if it fails, in which case the generated digits in the buffer
+// should not be used.
+// Preconditions:
+//  * w is correct up to 1 ulp (unit in the last place). That
+//    is, its error must be strictly less than a unit of its last digit.
+//  * kMinimalTargetExponent <= w.e() <= kMaximalTargetExponent
+//
+// Postconditions: returns false if procedure fails.
+//   otherwise:
+//     * buffer is not null-terminated, but length contains the number of
+//       digits.
+//     * the representation in buffer is the most precise representation of
+//       requested_digits digits.
+//     * buffer contains at most requested_digits digits of w. If there are less
+//       than requested_digits digits then some trailing '0's have been removed.
+//     * kappa is such that
+//            w = buffer * 10^kappa + eps with |eps| < 10^kappa / 2.
+//
+// Remark: This procedure takes into account the imprecision of its input
+//   numbers. If the precision is not enough to guarantee all the postconditions
+//   then false is returned. This usually happens rarely, but the failure-rate
+//   increases with higher requested_digits.
+static bool DigitGenCounted(DiyFp w,
+                            int requested_digits,
+                            Vector<char> buffer,
+                            int* length,
+                            int* kappa) {
+  ASSERT(kMinimalTargetExponent <= w.e() && w.e() <= kMaximalTargetExponent);
+  ASSERT(kMinimalTargetExponent >= -60);
+  ASSERT(kMaximalTargetExponent <= -32);
+  // w is assumed to have an error less than 1 unit. Whenever w is scaled we
+  // also scale its error.
+  uint64_t w_error = 1;
+  // We cut the input number into two parts: the integral digits and the
+  // fractional digits. We don't emit any decimal separator, but adapt kappa
+  // instead. Example: instead of writing "1.2" we put "12" into the buffer and
+  // increase kappa by 1.
+  DiyFp one = DiyFp(static_cast<uint64_t>(1) << -w.e(), w.e());
+  // Division by one is a shift.
+  uint32_t integrals = static_cast<uint32_t>(w.f() >> -one.e());
+  // Modulo by one is an and.
+  uint64_t fractionals = w.f() & (one.f() - 1);
+  uint32_t divisor;
+  int divisor_exponent;
+  BiggestPowerTen(integrals, DiyFp::kSignificandSize - (-one.e()),
+                  &divisor, &divisor_exponent);
+  *kappa = divisor_exponent + 1;
+  *length = 0;
+
+  // Loop invariant: buffer = w / 10^kappa  (integer division)
+  // The invariant holds for the first iteration: kappa has been initialized
+  // with the divisor exponent + 1. And the divisor is the biggest power of ten
+  // that is smaller than 'integrals'.
+  while (*kappa > 0) {
+    int digit = integrals / divisor;
+    buffer[*length] = '0' + digit;
+    (*length)++;
+    requested_digits--;
+    integrals %= divisor;
+    (*kappa)--;
+    // Note that kappa now equals the exponent of the divisor and that the
+    // invariant thus holds again.
+    if (requested_digits == 0) break;
+    divisor /= 10;
+  }
+
+  if (requested_digits == 0) {
+    uint64_t rest =
+        (static_cast<uint64_t>(integrals) << -one.e()) + fractionals;
+    return RoundWeedCounted(buffer, *length, rest,
+                            static_cast<uint64_t>(divisor) << -one.e(), w_error,
+                            kappa);
+  }
+
+  // The integrals have been generated. We are at the point of the decimal
+  // separator. In the following loop we simply multiply the remaining digits by
+  // 10 and divide by one. We just need to pay attention to multiply associated
+  // data (the 'unit'), too.
+  // Note that the multiplication by 10 does not overflow, because w.e >= -60
+  // and thus one.e >= -60.
+  ASSERT(one.e() >= -60);
+  ASSERT(fractionals < one.f());
+  ASSERT(V8_2PART_UINT64_C(0xFFFFFFFF, FFFFFFFF) / 10 >= one.f());
+  while (requested_digits > 0 && fractionals > w_error) {
+    fractionals *= 10;
+    w_error *= 10;
+    // Integer division by one.
+    int digit = static_cast<int>(fractionals >> -one.e());
+    buffer[*length] = '0' + digit;
+    (*length)++;
+    requested_digits--;
+    fractionals &= one.f() - 1;  // Modulo by one.
+    (*kappa)--;
+  }
+  if (requested_digits != 0) return false;
+  return RoundWeedCounted(buffer, *length, fractionals, one.f(), w_error,
+                          kappa);
+}
+
+
+// Provides a decimal representation of v.
+// Returns true if it succeeds, otherwise the result cannot be trusted.
+// There will be *length digits inside the buffer (not null-terminated).
+// If the function returns true then
+//        v == (double) (buffer * 10^decimal_exponent).
+// The digits in the buffer are the shortest representation possible: no
+// 0.09999999999999999 instead of 0.1. The shorter representation will even be
+// chosen even if the longer one would be closer to v.
+// The last digit will be closest to the actual v. That is, even if several
+// digits might correctly yield 'v' when read again, the closest will be
+// computed.
+static bool Grisu3(double v,
+                   Vector<char> buffer,
+                   int* length,
+                   int* decimal_exponent) {
+  DiyFp w = Double(v).AsNormalizedDiyFp();
+  // boundary_minus and boundary_plus are the boundaries between v and its
+  // closest floating-point neighbors. Any number strictly between
+  // boundary_minus and boundary_plus will round to v when convert to a double.
+  // Grisu3 will never output representations that lie exactly on a boundary.
+  DiyFp boundary_minus, boundary_plus;
+  Double(v).NormalizedBoundaries(&boundary_minus, &boundary_plus);
+  ASSERT(boundary_plus.e() == w.e());
+  DiyFp ten_mk;  // Cached power of ten: 10^-k
+  int mk;        // -k
+  int ten_mk_minimal_binary_exponent =
+     kMinimalTargetExponent - (w.e() + DiyFp::kSignificandSize);
+  int ten_mk_maximal_binary_exponent =
+     kMaximalTargetExponent - (w.e() + DiyFp::kSignificandSize);
+  PowersOfTenCache::GetCachedPowerForBinaryExponentRange(
+      ten_mk_minimal_binary_exponent,
+      ten_mk_maximal_binary_exponent,
+      &ten_mk, &mk);
+  ASSERT((kMinimalTargetExponent <= w.e() + ten_mk.e() +
+          DiyFp::kSignificandSize) &&
+         (kMaximalTargetExponent >= w.e() + ten_mk.e() +
+          DiyFp::kSignificandSize));
+  // Note that ten_mk is only an approximation of 10^-k. A DiyFp only contains a
+  // 64 bit significand and ten_mk is thus only precise up to 64 bits.
+
+  // The DiyFp::Times procedure rounds its result, and ten_mk is approximated
+  // too. The variable scaled_w (as well as scaled_boundary_minus/plus) are now
+  // off by a small amount.
+  // In fact: scaled_w - w*10^k < 1ulp (unit in the last place) of scaled_w.
+  // In other words: let f = scaled_w.f() and e = scaled_w.e(), then
+  //           (f-1) * 2^e < w*10^k < (f+1) * 2^e
+  DiyFp scaled_w = DiyFp::Times(w, ten_mk);
+  ASSERT(scaled_w.e() ==
+         boundary_plus.e() + ten_mk.e() + DiyFp::kSignificandSize);
+  // In theory it would be possible to avoid some recomputations by computing
+  // the difference between w and boundary_minus/plus (a power of 2) and to
+  // compute scaled_boundary_minus/plus by subtracting/adding from
+  // scaled_w. However the code becomes much less readable and the speed
+  // enhancements are not terriffic.
+  DiyFp scaled_boundary_minus = DiyFp::Times(boundary_minus, ten_mk);
+  DiyFp scaled_boundary_plus  = DiyFp::Times(boundary_plus,  ten_mk);
+
+  // DigitGen will generate the digits of scaled_w. Therefore we have
+  // v == (double) (scaled_w * 10^-mk).
+  // Set decimal_exponent == -mk and pass it to DigitGen. If scaled_w is not an
+  // integer than it will be updated. For instance if scaled_w == 1.23 then
+  // the buffer will be filled with "123" und the decimal_exponent will be
+  // decreased by 2.
+  int kappa;
+  bool result = DigitGen(scaled_boundary_minus, scaled_w, scaled_boundary_plus,
+                         buffer, length, &kappa);
+  *decimal_exponent = -mk + kappa;
+  return result;
+}
+
+
+// The "counted" version of grisu3 (see above) only generates requested_digits
+// number of digits. This version does not generate the shortest representation,
+// and with enough requested digits 0.1 will at some point print as 0.9999999...
+// Grisu3 is too imprecise for real halfway cases (1.5 will not work) and
+// therefore the rounding strategy for halfway cases is irrelevant.
+static bool Grisu3Counted(double v,
+                          int requested_digits,
+                          Vector<char> buffer,
+                          int* length,
+                          int* decimal_exponent) {
+  DiyFp w = Double(v).AsNormalizedDiyFp();
+  DiyFp ten_mk;  // Cached power of ten: 10^-k
+  int mk;        // -k
+  int ten_mk_minimal_binary_exponent =
+     kMinimalTargetExponent - (w.e() + DiyFp::kSignificandSize);
+  int ten_mk_maximal_binary_exponent =
+     kMaximalTargetExponent - (w.e() + DiyFp::kSignificandSize);
+  PowersOfTenCache::GetCachedPowerForBinaryExponentRange(
+      ten_mk_minimal_binary_exponent,
+      ten_mk_maximal_binary_exponent,
+      &ten_mk, &mk);
+  ASSERT((kMinimalTargetExponent <= w.e() + ten_mk.e() +
+          DiyFp::kSignificandSize) &&
+         (kMaximalTargetExponent >= w.e() + ten_mk.e() +
+          DiyFp::kSignificandSize));
+  // Note that ten_mk is only an approximation of 10^-k. A DiyFp only contains a
+  // 64 bit significand and ten_mk is thus only precise up to 64 bits.
+
+  // The DiyFp::Times procedure rounds its result, and ten_mk is approximated
+  // too. The variable scaled_w (as well as scaled_boundary_minus/plus) are now
+  // off by a small amount.
+  // In fact: scaled_w - w*10^k < 1ulp (unit in the last place) of scaled_w.
+  // In other words: let f = scaled_w.f() and e = scaled_w.e(), then
+  //           (f-1) * 2^e < w*10^k < (f+1) * 2^e
+  DiyFp scaled_w = DiyFp::Times(w, ten_mk);
+
+  // We now have (double) (scaled_w * 10^-mk).
+  // DigitGen will generate the first requested_digits digits of scaled_w and
+  // return together with a kappa such that scaled_w ~= buffer * 10^kappa. (It
+  // will not always be exactly the same since DigitGenCounted only produces a
+  // limited number of digits.)
+  int kappa;
+  bool result = DigitGenCounted(scaled_w, requested_digits,
+                                buffer, length, &kappa);
+  *decimal_exponent = -mk + kappa;
+  return result;
+}
+
+
+bool FastDtoa(double v,
+              FastDtoaMode mode,
+              int requested_digits,
+              Vector<char> buffer,
+              int* length,
+              int* decimal_point) {
+  ASSERT(v > 0);
+  ASSERT(!Double(v).IsSpecial());
+
+  bool result = false;
+  int decimal_exponent = 0;
+  switch (mode) {
+    case FAST_DTOA_SHORTEST:
+      result = Grisu3(v, buffer, length, &decimal_exponent);
+      break;
+    case FAST_DTOA_PRECISION:
+      result = Grisu3Counted(v, requested_digits,
+                             buffer, length, &decimal_exponent);
+      break;
+    default:
+      UNREACHABLE();
+  }
+  if (result) {
+    *decimal_point = *length + decimal_exponent;
+    buffer[*length] = '\0';
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+} }  // namespace v8::internal