grpc 1.53.1 → 1.54.0

data/third_party/boringssl-with-bazel/src/crypto/asn1/tasn_enc.c

@@ -78,605 +78,601 @@ static int asn1_ex_i2c(ASN1_VALUE **pval, unsigned char *cont, int *out_omit,
 static int asn1_set_seq_out(STACK_OF(ASN1_VALUE) *sk, unsigned char **out,
                             int skcontlen, const ASN1_ITEM *item, int do_sort);
 static int asn1_template_ex_i2d(ASN1_VALUE **pval, unsigned char **out,
-                                const ASN1_TEMPLATE *tt, int tag, int aclass);
-
-/*
- * Top level i2d equivalents
- */
-
-int ASN1_item_i2d(ASN1_VALUE *val, unsigned char **out, const ASN1_ITEM *it)
-{
-    if (out && !*out) {
-        unsigned char *p, *buf;
-        int len = ASN1_item_ex_i2d(&val, NULL, it, /*tag=*/-1, /*aclass=*/0);
-        if (len <= 0) {
-            return len;
-        }
-        buf = OPENSSL_malloc(len);
-        if (!buf) {
-            OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(ASN1, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
-            return -1;
-        }
-        p = buf;
-        int len2 = ASN1_item_ex_i2d(&val, &p, it, /*tag=*/-1, /*aclass=*/0);
-        if (len2 <= 0) {
-            return len2;
-        }
-        assert(len == len2);
-        *out = buf;
-        return len;
+                                const ASN1_TEMPLATE *tt, int tag, int aclass,
+                                int optional);
+
+// Top level i2d equivalents
+
+int ASN1_item_i2d(ASN1_VALUE *val, unsigned char **out, const ASN1_ITEM *it) {
+  if (out && !*out) {
+    unsigned char *p, *buf;
+    int len = ASN1_item_ex_i2d(&val, NULL, it, /*tag=*/-1, /*aclass=*/0);
+    if (len <= 0) {
+      return len;
+    }
+    buf = OPENSSL_malloc(len);
+    if (!buf) {
+      return -1;
     }
+    p = buf;
+    int len2 = ASN1_item_ex_i2d(&val, &p, it, /*tag=*/-1, /*aclass=*/0);
+    if (len2 <= 0) {
+      OPENSSL_free(buf);
+      return len2;
+    }
+    assert(len == len2);
+    *out = buf;
+    return len;
+  }
 
-    return ASN1_item_ex_i2d(&val, out, it, /*tag=*/-1, /*aclass=*/0);
+  return ASN1_item_ex_i2d(&val, out, it, /*tag=*/-1, /*aclass=*/0);
 }
 
-/*
- * Encode an item, taking care of IMPLICIT tagging (if any). This function
- * performs the normal item handling: it can be used in external types.
- */
+// Encode an item, taking care of IMPLICIT tagging (if any). This function
+// performs the normal item handling: it can be used in external types.
 
 int ASN1_item_ex_i2d(ASN1_VALUE **pval, unsigned char **out,
-                     const ASN1_ITEM *it, int tag, int aclass)
-{
-    int ret = asn1_item_ex_i2d_opt(pval, out, it, tag, aclass, /*optional=*/0);
-    assert(ret != 0);
-    return ret;
+                     const ASN1_ITEM *it, int tag, int aclass) {
+  int ret = asn1_item_ex_i2d_opt(pval, out, it, tag, aclass, /*optional=*/0);
+  assert(ret != 0);
+  return ret;
 }
 
-/* asn1_item_ex_i2d_opt behaves like |ASN1_item_ex_i2d| but, if |optional| is
- * non-zero and |*pval| is omitted, it returns zero and writes no bytes. */
+// asn1_item_ex_i2d_opt behaves like |ASN1_item_ex_i2d| but, if |optional| is
+// non-zero and |*pval| is omitted, it returns zero and writes no bytes.
 int asn1_item_ex_i2d_opt(ASN1_VALUE **pval, unsigned char **out,
                          const ASN1_ITEM *it, int tag, int aclass,
-                         int optional)
-{
-    const ASN1_TEMPLATE *tt = NULL;
-    int i, seqcontlen, seqlen;
-
-    /* Historically, |aclass| was repurposed to pass additional flags into the
-     * encoding process. */
-    assert((aclass & ASN1_TFLG_TAG_CLASS) == aclass);
-    /* If not overridding the tag, |aclass| is ignored and should be zero. */
-    assert(tag != -1 || aclass == 0);
-
-    /* All fields are pointers, except for boolean |ASN1_ITYPE_PRIMITIVE|s.
-     * Optional primitives are handled later. */
-    if ((it->itype != ASN1_ITYPE_PRIMITIVE) && !*pval) {
-        if (optional) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-        OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(ASN1, ASN1_R_MISSING_VALUE);
-        return -1;
+                         int optional) {
+  const ASN1_TEMPLATE *tt = NULL;
+  int i, seqcontlen, seqlen;
+
+  // Historically, |aclass| was repurposed to pass additional flags into the
+  // encoding process.
+  assert((aclass & ASN1_TFLG_TAG_CLASS) == aclass);
+  // If not overridding the tag, |aclass| is ignored and should be zero.
+  assert(tag != -1 || aclass == 0);
+
+  // All fields are pointers, except for boolean |ASN1_ITYPE_PRIMITIVE|s.
+  // Optional primitives are handled later.
+  if ((it->itype != ASN1_ITYPE_PRIMITIVE) && !*pval) {
+    if (optional) {
+      return 0;
     }
+    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(ASN1, ASN1_R_MISSING_VALUE);
+    return -1;
+  }
 
-    switch (it->itype) {
-
+  switch (it->itype) {
     case ASN1_ITYPE_PRIMITIVE:
-        if (it->templates) {
-            if (it->templates->flags & ASN1_TFLG_OPTIONAL) {
-                OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(ASN1, ASN1_R_BAD_TEMPLATE);
-                return -1;
-            }
-            return asn1_template_ex_i2d(pval, out, it->templates, tag, aclass);
+      if (it->templates) {
+        // This is an |ASN1_ITEM_TEMPLATE|.
+        if (it->templates->flags & ASN1_TFLG_OPTIONAL) {
+          OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(ASN1, ASN1_R_BAD_TEMPLATE);
+          return -1;
         }
-        return asn1_i2d_ex_primitive(pval, out, it, tag, aclass, optional);
+        return asn1_template_ex_i2d(pval, out, it->templates, tag, aclass,
+                                    optional);
+      }
+      return asn1_i2d_ex_primitive(pval, out, it, tag, aclass, optional);
 
     case ASN1_ITYPE_MSTRING:
-        /*
-         * It never makes sense for multi-strings to have implicit tagging, so
-         * if tag != -1, then this looks like an error in the template.
-         */
-        if (tag != -1) {
-            OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(ASN1, ASN1_R_BAD_TEMPLATE);
-            return -1;
-        }
-        return asn1_i2d_ex_primitive(pval, out, it, -1, 0, optional);
+      // It never makes sense for multi-strings to have implicit tagging, so
+      // if tag != -1, then this looks like an error in the template.
+      if (tag != -1) {
+        OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(ASN1, ASN1_R_BAD_TEMPLATE);
+        return -1;
+      }
+      return asn1_i2d_ex_primitive(pval, out, it, -1, 0, optional);
 
     case ASN1_ITYPE_CHOICE: {
-        /*
-         * It never makes sense for CHOICE types to have implicit tagging, so if
-         * tag != -1, then this looks like an error in the template.
-         */
-        if (tag != -1) {
-            OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(ASN1, ASN1_R_BAD_TEMPLATE);
-            return -1;
-        }
-        i = asn1_get_choice_selector(pval, it);
-        if (i < 0 || i >= it->tcount) {
-            OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(ASN1, ASN1_R_NO_MATCHING_CHOICE_TYPE);
-            return -1;
-        }
-        const ASN1_TEMPLATE *chtt = it->templates + i;
-        if (chtt->flags & ASN1_TFLG_OPTIONAL) {
-            OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(ASN1, ASN1_R_BAD_TEMPLATE);
-            return -1;
-        }
-        ASN1_VALUE **pchval = asn1_get_field_ptr(pval, chtt);
-        return asn1_template_ex_i2d(pchval, out, chtt, -1, 0);
+      // It never makes sense for CHOICE types to have implicit tagging, so if
+      // tag != -1, then this looks like an error in the template.
+      if (tag != -1) {
+        OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(ASN1, ASN1_R_BAD_TEMPLATE);
+        return -1;
+      }
+      i = asn1_get_choice_selector(pval, it);
+      if (i < 0 || i >= it->tcount) {
+        OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(ASN1, ASN1_R_NO_MATCHING_CHOICE_TYPE);
+        return -1;
+      }
+      const ASN1_TEMPLATE *chtt = it->templates + i;
+      if (chtt->flags & ASN1_TFLG_OPTIONAL) {
+        OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(ASN1, ASN1_R_BAD_TEMPLATE);
+        return -1;
+      }
+      ASN1_VALUE **pchval = asn1_get_field_ptr(pval, chtt);
+      return asn1_template_ex_i2d(pchval, out, chtt, -1, 0, /*optional=*/0);
     }
 
     case ASN1_ITYPE_EXTERN: {
-        /* If new style i2d it does all the work */
-        const ASN1_EXTERN_FUNCS *ef = it->funcs;
-        int ret = ef->asn1_ex_i2d(pval, out, it, tag, aclass);
-        if (ret == 0) {
-            /* |asn1_ex_i2d| should never return zero. We have already checked
-             * for optional values generically, and |ASN1_ITYPE_EXTERN| fields
-             * must be pointers. */
-            OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(ASN1, ERR_R_INTERNAL_ERROR);
-            return -1;
-        }
-        return ret;
+      // We don't support implicit tagging with external types.
+      if (tag != -1) {
+        OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(ASN1, ASN1_R_BAD_TEMPLATE);
+        return -1;
+      }
+      const ASN1_EXTERN_FUNCS *ef = it->funcs;
+      int ret = ef->asn1_ex_i2d(pval, out, it);
+      if (ret == 0) {
+        // |asn1_ex_i2d| should never return zero. We have already checked
+        // for optional values generically, and |ASN1_ITYPE_EXTERN| fields
+        // must be pointers.
+        OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(ASN1, ERR_R_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        return -1;
+      }
+      return ret;
     }
 
     case ASN1_ITYPE_SEQUENCE: {
-        i = asn1_enc_restore(&seqcontlen, out, pval, it);
-        /* An error occurred */
-        if (i < 0)
-            return -1;
-        /* We have a valid cached encoding... */
-        if (i > 0)
-            return seqcontlen;
-        /* Otherwise carry on */
-        seqcontlen = 0;
-        /* If no IMPLICIT tagging set to SEQUENCE, UNIVERSAL */
-        if (tag == -1) {
-            tag = V_ASN1_SEQUENCE;
-            aclass = V_ASN1_UNIVERSAL;
+      i = asn1_enc_restore(&seqcontlen, out, pval, it);
+      // An error occurred
+      if (i < 0) {
+        return -1;
+      }
+      // We have a valid cached encoding...
+      if (i > 0) {
+        return seqcontlen;
+      }
+      // Otherwise carry on
+      seqcontlen = 0;
+      // If no IMPLICIT tagging set to SEQUENCE, UNIVERSAL
+      if (tag == -1) {
+        tag = V_ASN1_SEQUENCE;
+        aclass = V_ASN1_UNIVERSAL;
+      }
+      // First work out sequence content length
+      for (i = 0, tt = it->templates; i < it->tcount; tt++, i++) {
+        const ASN1_TEMPLATE *seqtt;
+        ASN1_VALUE **pseqval;
+        int tmplen;
+        seqtt = asn1_do_adb(pval, tt, 1);
+        if (!seqtt) {
+          return -1;
         }
-        /* First work out sequence content length */
-        for (i = 0, tt = it->templates; i < it->tcount; tt++, i++) {
-            const ASN1_TEMPLATE *seqtt;
-            ASN1_VALUE **pseqval;
-            int tmplen;
-            seqtt = asn1_do_adb(pval, tt, 1);
-            if (!seqtt)
-                return -1;
-            pseqval = asn1_get_field_ptr(pval, seqtt);
-            tmplen = asn1_template_ex_i2d(pseqval, NULL, seqtt, -1, 0);
-            if (tmplen == -1 || (tmplen > INT_MAX - seqcontlen))
-                return -1;
-            seqcontlen += tmplen;
+        pseqval = asn1_get_field_ptr(pval, seqtt);
+        tmplen =
+            asn1_template_ex_i2d(pseqval, NULL, seqtt, -1, 0, /*optional=*/0);
+        if (tmplen == -1 || (tmplen > INT_MAX - seqcontlen)) {
+          return -1;
         }
+        seqcontlen += tmplen;
+      }
 
-        seqlen = ASN1_object_size(/*constructed=*/1, seqcontlen, tag);
-        if (!out || seqlen == -1)
-            return seqlen;
-        /* Output SEQUENCE header */
-        ASN1_put_object(out, /*constructed=*/1, seqcontlen, tag, aclass);
-        for (i = 0, tt = it->templates; i < it->tcount; tt++, i++) {
-            const ASN1_TEMPLATE *seqtt;
-            ASN1_VALUE **pseqval;
-            seqtt = asn1_do_adb(pval, tt, 1);
-            if (!seqtt)
-                return -1;
-            pseqval = asn1_get_field_ptr(pval, seqtt);
-            if (asn1_template_ex_i2d(pseqval, out, seqtt, -1, 0) < 0) {
-                return -1;
-            }
-        }
+      seqlen = ASN1_object_size(/*constructed=*/1, seqcontlen, tag);
+      if (!out || seqlen == -1) {
         return seqlen;
+      }
+      // Output SEQUENCE header
+      ASN1_put_object(out, /*constructed=*/1, seqcontlen, tag, aclass);
+      for (i = 0, tt = it->templates; i < it->tcount; tt++, i++) {
+        const ASN1_TEMPLATE *seqtt;
+        ASN1_VALUE **pseqval;
+        seqtt = asn1_do_adb(pval, tt, 1);
+        if (!seqtt) {
+          return -1;
+        }
+        pseqval = asn1_get_field_ptr(pval, seqtt);
+        if (asn1_template_ex_i2d(pseqval, out, seqtt, -1, 0, /*optional=*/0) <
+            0) {
+          return -1;
+        }
+      }
+      return seqlen;
     }
 
     default:
-        OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(ASN1, ASN1_R_BAD_TEMPLATE);
-        return -1;
-    }
+      OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(ASN1, ASN1_R_BAD_TEMPLATE);
+      return -1;
+  }
 }
 
-/* asn1_template_ex_i2d behaves like |asn1_item_ex_i2d_opt| but uses an
- * |ASN1_TEMPLATE| instead of an |ASN1_ITEM|. An |ASN1_TEMPLATE| wraps an
- * |ASN1_ITEM| with modifiers such as tagging, SEQUENCE or SET, etc. Instead of
- * taking an |optional| parameter, it uses the |ASN1_TFLG_OPTIONAL| flag. */
+// asn1_template_ex_i2d behaves like |asn1_item_ex_i2d_opt| but uses an
+// |ASN1_TEMPLATE| instead of an |ASN1_ITEM|. An |ASN1_TEMPLATE| wraps an
+// |ASN1_ITEM| with modifiers such as tagging, SEQUENCE or SET, etc.
 static int asn1_template_ex_i2d(ASN1_VALUE **pval, unsigned char **out,
-                                const ASN1_TEMPLATE *tt, int tag, int iclass)
-{
-    int i, ret, flags, ttag, tclass;
-    size_t j;
-    flags = tt->flags;
-
-    /* Historically, |iclass| was repurposed to pass additional flags into the
-     * encoding process. */
-    assert((iclass & ASN1_TFLG_TAG_CLASS) == iclass);
-    /* If not overridding the tag, |iclass| is ignored and should be zero. */
-    assert(tag != -1 || iclass == 0);
-
-    /*
-     * Work out tag and class to use: tagging may come either from the
-     * template or the arguments, not both because this would create
-     * ambiguity.
-     */
-    if (flags & ASN1_TFLG_TAG_MASK) {
-        /* Error if argument and template tagging */
-        if (tag != -1) {
-            OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(ASN1, ASN1_R_BAD_TEMPLATE);
-            return -1;
-        }
-        /* Get tagging from template */
-        ttag = tt->tag;
-        tclass = flags & ASN1_TFLG_TAG_CLASS;
-    } else if (tag != -1) {
-        /* No template tagging, get from arguments */
-        ttag = tag;
-        tclass = iclass & ASN1_TFLG_TAG_CLASS;
-    } else {
-        ttag = -1;
-        tclass = 0;
+                                const ASN1_TEMPLATE *tt, int tag, int iclass,
+                                int optional) {
+  int i, ret, ttag, tclass;
+  size_t j;
+  uint32_t flags = tt->flags;
+
+  // Historically, |iclass| was repurposed to pass additional flags into the
+  // encoding process.
+  assert((iclass & ASN1_TFLG_TAG_CLASS) == iclass);
+  // If not overridding the tag, |iclass| is ignored and should be zero.
+  assert(tag != -1 || iclass == 0);
+
+  // Work out tag and class to use: tagging may come either from the
+  // template or the arguments, not both because this would create
+  // ambiguity.
+  if (flags & ASN1_TFLG_TAG_MASK) {
+    // Error if argument and template tagging
+    if (tag != -1) {
+      OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(ASN1, ASN1_R_BAD_TEMPLATE);
+      return -1;
+    }
+    // Get tagging from template
+    ttag = tt->tag;
+    tclass = flags & ASN1_TFLG_TAG_CLASS;
+  } else if (tag != -1) {
+    // No template tagging, get from arguments
+    ttag = tag;
+    tclass = iclass & ASN1_TFLG_TAG_CLASS;
+  } else {
+    ttag = -1;
+    tclass = 0;
+  }
+
+  // The template may itself by marked as optional, or this may be the template
+  // of an |ASN1_ITEM_TEMPLATE| type which was contained inside an outer
+  // optional template. (They cannot both be true because the
+  // |ASN1_ITEM_TEMPLATE| codepath rejects optional templates.)
+  assert(!optional || (flags & ASN1_TFLG_OPTIONAL) == 0);
+  optional = optional || (flags & ASN1_TFLG_OPTIONAL) != 0;
+
+  // At this point 'ttag' contains the outer tag to use, and 'tclass' is the
+  // class.
+
+  if (flags & ASN1_TFLG_SK_MASK) {
+    // SET OF, SEQUENCE OF
+    STACK_OF(ASN1_VALUE) *sk = (STACK_OF(ASN1_VALUE) *)*pval;
+    int isset, sktag, skaclass;
+    int skcontlen, sklen;
+    ASN1_VALUE *skitem;
+
+    if (!*pval) {
+      if (optional) {
+        return 0;
+      }
+      OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(ASN1, ASN1_R_MISSING_VALUE);
+      return -1;
     }
 
-    const int optional = (flags & ASN1_TFLG_OPTIONAL) != 0;
-
-    /*
-     * At this point 'ttag' contains the outer tag to use, and 'tclass' is the
-     * class.
-     */
-
-    if (flags & ASN1_TFLG_SK_MASK) {
-        /* SET OF, SEQUENCE OF */
-        STACK_OF(ASN1_VALUE) *sk = (STACK_OF(ASN1_VALUE) *)*pval;
-        int isset, sktag, skaclass;
-        int skcontlen, sklen;
-        ASN1_VALUE *skitem;
-
-        if (!*pval) {
-            if (optional) {
-                return 0;
-            }
-            OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(ASN1, ASN1_R_MISSING_VALUE);
-            return -1;
-        }
+    if (flags & ASN1_TFLG_SET_OF) {
+      isset = 1;
+      // Historically, types with both bits set were mutated when
+      // serialized to apply the sort. We no longer support this.
+      assert((flags & ASN1_TFLG_SEQUENCE_OF) == 0);
+    } else {
+      isset = 0;
+    }
 
-        if (flags & ASN1_TFLG_SET_OF) {
-            isset = 1;
-            /* Historically, types with both bits set were mutated when
-             * serialized to apply the sort. We no longer support this. */
-            assert((flags & ASN1_TFLG_SEQUENCE_OF) == 0);
-        } else {
-            isset = 0;
-        }
+    // Work out inner tag value: if EXPLICIT or no tagging use underlying
+    // type.
+    if ((ttag != -1) && !(flags & ASN1_TFLG_EXPTAG)) {
+      sktag = ttag;
+      skaclass = tclass;
+    } else {
+      skaclass = V_ASN1_UNIVERSAL;
+      if (isset) {
+        sktag = V_ASN1_SET;
+      } else {
+        sktag = V_ASN1_SEQUENCE;
+      }
+    }
 
-        /*
-         * Work out inner tag value: if EXPLICIT or no tagging use underlying
-         * type.
-         */
-        if ((ttag != -1) && !(flags & ASN1_TFLG_EXPTAG)) {
-            sktag = ttag;
-            skaclass = tclass;
-        } else {
-            skaclass = V_ASN1_UNIVERSAL;
-            if (isset)
-                sktag = V_ASN1_SET;
-            else
-                sktag = V_ASN1_SEQUENCE;
-        }
+    // Determine total length of items
+    skcontlen = 0;
+    for (j = 0; j < sk_ASN1_VALUE_num(sk); j++) {
+      int tmplen;
+      skitem = sk_ASN1_VALUE_value(sk, j);
+      tmplen = ASN1_item_ex_i2d(&skitem, NULL, ASN1_ITEM_ptr(tt->item), -1, 0);
+      if (tmplen == -1 || (skcontlen > INT_MAX - tmplen)) {
+        return -1;
+      }
+      skcontlen += tmplen;
+    }
+    sklen = ASN1_object_size(/*constructed=*/1, skcontlen, sktag);
+    if (sklen == -1) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+    // If EXPLICIT need length of surrounding tag
+    if (flags & ASN1_TFLG_EXPTAG) {
+      ret = ASN1_object_size(/*constructed=*/1, sklen, ttag);
+    } else {
+      ret = sklen;
+    }
 
-        /* Determine total length of items */
-        skcontlen = 0;
-        for (j = 0; j < sk_ASN1_VALUE_num(sk); j++) {
-            int tmplen;
-            skitem = sk_ASN1_VALUE_value(sk, j);
-            tmplen = ASN1_item_ex_i2d(&skitem, NULL, ASN1_ITEM_ptr(tt->item),
-                                      -1, 0);
-            if (tmplen == -1 || (skcontlen > INT_MAX - tmplen))
-                return -1;
-            skcontlen += tmplen;
-        }
-        sklen = ASN1_object_size(/*constructed=*/1, skcontlen, sktag);
-        if (sklen == -1)
-            return -1;
-        /* If EXPLICIT need length of surrounding tag */
-        if (flags & ASN1_TFLG_EXPTAG)
-            ret = ASN1_object_size(/*constructed=*/1, sklen, ttag);
-        else
-            ret = sklen;
-
-        if (!out || ret == -1)
-            return ret;
-
-        /* Now encode this lot... */
-        /* EXPLICIT tag */
-        if (flags & ASN1_TFLG_EXPTAG)
-            ASN1_put_object(out, /*constructed=*/1, sklen, ttag, tclass);
-        /* SET or SEQUENCE and IMPLICIT tag */
-        ASN1_put_object(out, /*constructed=*/1, skcontlen, sktag, skaclass);
-        /* And the stuff itself */
-        if (!asn1_set_seq_out(sk, out, skcontlen, ASN1_ITEM_ptr(tt->item),
-                              isset)) {
-            return -1;
-        }
-        return ret;
+    if (!out || ret == -1) {
+      return ret;
     }
 
+    // Now encode this lot...
+    // EXPLICIT tag
     if (flags & ASN1_TFLG_EXPTAG) {
-        /* EXPLICIT tagging */
-        /* Find length of tagged item */
-        i = asn1_item_ex_i2d_opt(pval, NULL, ASN1_ITEM_ptr(tt->item), -1, 0,
-                                 optional);
-        if (i <= 0)
-            return i;
-        /* Find length of EXPLICIT tag */
-        ret = ASN1_object_size(/*constructed=*/1, i, ttag);
-        if (out && ret != -1) {
-            /* Output tag and item */
-            ASN1_put_object(out, /*constructed=*/1, i, ttag, tclass);
-            if (ASN1_item_ex_i2d(pval, out, ASN1_ITEM_ptr(tt->item), -1,
-                                 0) < 0) {
-                return -1;
-            }
-        }
-        return ret;
+      ASN1_put_object(out, /*constructed=*/1, sklen, ttag, tclass);
     }
+    // SET or SEQUENCE and IMPLICIT tag
+    ASN1_put_object(out, /*constructed=*/1, skcontlen, sktag, skaclass);
+    // And the stuff itself
+    if (!asn1_set_seq_out(sk, out, skcontlen, ASN1_ITEM_ptr(tt->item), isset)) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  if (flags & ASN1_TFLG_EXPTAG) {
+    // EXPLICIT tagging
+    // Find length of tagged item
+    i = asn1_item_ex_i2d_opt(pval, NULL, ASN1_ITEM_ptr(tt->item), -1, 0,
+                             optional);
+    if (i <= 0) {
+      return i;
+    }
+    // Find length of EXPLICIT tag
+    ret = ASN1_object_size(/*constructed=*/1, i, ttag);
+    if (out && ret != -1) {
+      // Output tag and item
+      ASN1_put_object(out, /*constructed=*/1, i, ttag, tclass);
+      if (ASN1_item_ex_i2d(pval, out, ASN1_ITEM_ptr(tt->item), -1, 0) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+      }
+    }
+    return ret;
+  }
 
-    /* Either normal or IMPLICIT tagging */
-    return asn1_item_ex_i2d_opt(pval, out, ASN1_ITEM_ptr(tt->item),
-                                ttag, tclass, optional);
-
+  // Either normal or IMPLICIT tagging
+  return asn1_item_ex_i2d_opt(pval, out, ASN1_ITEM_ptr(tt->item), ttag, tclass,
+                              optional);
 }
 
-/* Temporary structure used to hold DER encoding of items for SET OF */
+// Temporary structure used to hold DER encoding of items for SET OF
 
 typedef struct {
-    unsigned char *data;
-    int length;
+  unsigned char *data;
+  int length;
 } DER_ENC;
 
-static int der_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
-{
-    const DER_ENC *d1 = a, *d2 = b;
-    int cmplen, i;
-    cmplen = (d1->length < d2->length) ? d1->length : d2->length;
-    i = OPENSSL_memcmp(d1->data, d2->data, cmplen);
-    if (i)
-        return i;
-    return d1->length - d2->length;
+static int der_cmp(const void *a, const void *b) {
+  const DER_ENC *d1 = a, *d2 = b;
+  int cmplen, i;
+  cmplen = (d1->length < d2->length) ? d1->length : d2->length;
+  i = OPENSSL_memcmp(d1->data, d2->data, cmplen);
+  if (i) {
+    return i;
+  }
+  return d1->length - d2->length;
 }
 
-/* asn1_set_seq_out writes |sk| to |out| under the i2d output convention,
- * excluding the tag and length. It returns one on success and zero on error.
- * |skcontlen| must be the total encoded size. If |do_sort| is non-zero, the
- * elements are sorted for a SET OF type. Each element of |sk| has type
- * |item|. */
+// asn1_set_seq_out writes |sk| to |out| under the i2d output convention,
+// excluding the tag and length. It returns one on success and zero on error.
+// |skcontlen| must be the total encoded size. If |do_sort| is non-zero, the
+// elements are sorted for a SET OF type. Each element of |sk| has type
+// |item|.
 static int asn1_set_seq_out(STACK_OF(ASN1_VALUE) *sk, unsigned char **out,
-                            int skcontlen, const ASN1_ITEM *item, int do_sort)
-{
-    /* No need to sort if there are fewer than two items. */
-    if (!do_sort || sk_ASN1_VALUE_num(sk) < 2) {
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < sk_ASN1_VALUE_num(sk); i++) {
-            ASN1_VALUE *skitem = sk_ASN1_VALUE_value(sk, i);
-            if (ASN1_item_ex_i2d(&skitem, out, item, -1, 0) < 0) {
-                return 0;
-            }
-        }
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    if (sk_ASN1_VALUE_num(sk) > ((size_t)-1) / sizeof(DER_ENC)) {
-        OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(ASN1, ERR_R_OVERFLOW);
+                            int skcontlen, const ASN1_ITEM *item, int do_sort) {
+  // No need to sort if there are fewer than two items.
+  if (!do_sort || sk_ASN1_VALUE_num(sk) < 2) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sk_ASN1_VALUE_num(sk); i++) {
+      ASN1_VALUE *skitem = sk_ASN1_VALUE_value(sk, i);
+      if (ASN1_item_ex_i2d(&skitem, out, item, -1, 0) < 0) {
         return 0;
+      }
     }
-
-    int ret = 0;
-    unsigned char *const buf = OPENSSL_malloc(skcontlen);
-    DER_ENC *encoded = OPENSSL_malloc(sk_ASN1_VALUE_num(sk) * sizeof(*encoded));
-    if (encoded == NULL || buf == NULL) {
-        OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(ASN1, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
-        goto err;
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  if (sk_ASN1_VALUE_num(sk) > ((size_t)-1) / sizeof(DER_ENC)) {
+    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(ASN1, ERR_R_OVERFLOW);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  int ret = 0;
+  unsigned char *const buf = OPENSSL_malloc(skcontlen);
+  DER_ENC *encoded = OPENSSL_malloc(sk_ASN1_VALUE_num(sk) * sizeof(*encoded));
+  if (encoded == NULL || buf == NULL) {
+    goto err;
+  }
+
+  // Encode all the elements into |buf| and populate |encoded|.
+  unsigned char *p = buf;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < sk_ASN1_VALUE_num(sk); i++) {
+    ASN1_VALUE *skitem = sk_ASN1_VALUE_value(sk, i);
+    encoded[i].data = p;
+    encoded[i].length = ASN1_item_ex_i2d(&skitem, &p, item, -1, 0);
+    if (encoded[i].length < 0) {
+      goto err;
     }
+    assert(p - buf <= skcontlen);
+  }
 
-    /* Encode all the elements into |buf| and populate |encoded|. */
-    unsigned char *p = buf;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < sk_ASN1_VALUE_num(sk); i++) {
-        ASN1_VALUE *skitem = sk_ASN1_VALUE_value(sk, i);
-        encoded[i].data = p;
-        encoded[i].length = ASN1_item_ex_i2d(&skitem, &p, item, -1, 0);
-        if (encoded[i].length < 0) {
-            goto err;
-        }
-        assert(p - buf <= skcontlen);
-    }
-
-    qsort(encoded, sk_ASN1_VALUE_num(sk), sizeof(*encoded), der_cmp);
+  qsort(encoded, sk_ASN1_VALUE_num(sk), sizeof(*encoded), der_cmp);
 
-    /* Output the elements in sorted order. */
-    p = *out;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < sk_ASN1_VALUE_num(sk); i++) {
-        OPENSSL_memcpy(p, encoded[i].data, encoded[i].length);
-        p += encoded[i].length;
-    }
-    *out = p;
+  // Output the elements in sorted order.
+  p = *out;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < sk_ASN1_VALUE_num(sk); i++) {
+    OPENSSL_memcpy(p, encoded[i].data, encoded[i].length);
+    p += encoded[i].length;
+  }
+  *out = p;
 
-    ret = 1;
+  ret = 1;
 
 err:
-    OPENSSL_free(encoded);
-    OPENSSL_free(buf);
-    return ret;
+  OPENSSL_free(encoded);
+  OPENSSL_free(buf);
+  return ret;
 }
 
-/* asn1_i2d_ex_primitive behaves like |ASN1_item_ex_i2d| but |item| must be a
- * a PRIMITIVE or MSTRING type that is not an |ASN1_ITEM_TEMPLATE|. */
+// asn1_i2d_ex_primitive behaves like |ASN1_item_ex_i2d| but |item| must be a
+// a PRIMITIVE or MSTRING type that is not an |ASN1_ITEM_TEMPLATE|.
 static int asn1_i2d_ex_primitive(ASN1_VALUE **pval, unsigned char **out,
                                  const ASN1_ITEM *it, int tag, int aclass,
-                                 int optional)
-{
-    /* Get length of content octets and maybe find out the underlying type. */
-    int omit;
-    int utype = it->utype;
-    int len = asn1_ex_i2c(pval, NULL, &omit, &utype, it);
-    if (len < 0) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-    if (omit) {
-        if (optional) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-        OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(ASN1, ASN1_R_MISSING_VALUE);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * If SEQUENCE, SET or OTHER then header is included in pseudo content
-     * octets so don't include tag+length. We need to check here because the
-     * call to asn1_ex_i2c() could change utype.
-     */
-    int usetag = utype != V_ASN1_SEQUENCE && utype != V_ASN1_SET &&
-                 utype != V_ASN1_OTHER;
-
-    /* If not implicitly tagged get tag from underlying type */
-    if (tag == -1)
-        tag = utype;
-
-    /* Output tag+length followed by content octets */
-    if (out) {
-        if (usetag) {
-            ASN1_put_object(out, /*constructed=*/0, len, tag, aclass);
-        }
-        int len2 = asn1_ex_i2c(pval, *out, &omit, &utype, it);
-        if (len2 < 0) {
-          return -1;
-        }
-        assert(len == len2);
-        assert(!omit);
-        *out += len;
+                                 int optional) {
+  // Get length of content octets and maybe find out the underlying type.
+  int omit;
+  int utype = it->utype;
+  int len = asn1_ex_i2c(pval, NULL, &omit, &utype, it);
+  if (len < 0) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (omit) {
+    if (optional) {
+      return 0;
     }
-
+    OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(ASN1, ASN1_R_MISSING_VALUE);
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  // If SEQUENCE, SET or OTHER then header is included in pseudo content
+  // octets so don't include tag+length. We need to check here because the
+  // call to asn1_ex_i2c() could change utype.
+  int usetag =
+      utype != V_ASN1_SEQUENCE && utype != V_ASN1_SET && utype != V_ASN1_OTHER;
+
+  // If not implicitly tagged get tag from underlying type
+  if (tag == -1) {
+    tag = utype;
+  }
+
+  // Output tag+length followed by content octets
+  if (out) {
     if (usetag) {
-        return ASN1_object_size(/*constructed=*/0, len, tag);
+      ASN1_put_object(out, /*constructed=*/0, len, tag, aclass);
     }
-    return len;
+    int len2 = asn1_ex_i2c(pval, *out, &omit, &utype, it);
+    if (len2 < 0) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+    assert(len == len2);
+    assert(!omit);
+    *out += len;
+  }
+
+  if (usetag) {
+    return ASN1_object_size(/*constructed=*/0, len, tag);
+  }
+  return len;
 }
 
-/* asn1_ex_i2c writes the |*pval| to |cout| under the i2d output convention,
- * excluding the tag and length. It returns the number of bytes written,
- * possibly zero, on success or -1 on error. If |*pval| should be omitted, it
- * returns zero and sets |*out_omit| to true.
- *
- * If |it| is an MSTRING or ANY type, it gets the underlying type from |*pval|,
- * which must be an |ASN1_STRING| or |ASN1_TYPE|, respectively. It then updates
- * |*putype| with the tag number of type used, or |V_ASN1_OTHER| if it was not a
- * universal type. If |*putype| is set to |V_ASN1_SEQUENCE|, |V_ASN1_SET|, or
- * |V_ASN1_OTHER|, it additionally outputs the tag and length, so the caller
- * must not do so.
- *
- * Otherwise, |*putype| must contain |it->utype|.
- *
- * WARNING: Unlike most functions in this file, |asn1_ex_i2c| can return zero
- * without omitting the element. ASN.1 values may have empty contents. */
+// asn1_ex_i2c writes the |*pval| to |cout| under the i2d output convention,
+// excluding the tag and length. It returns the number of bytes written,
+// possibly zero, on success or -1 on error. If |*pval| should be omitted, it
+// returns zero and sets |*out_omit| to true.
+//
+// If |it| is an MSTRING or ANY type, it gets the underlying type from |*pval|,
+// which must be an |ASN1_STRING| or |ASN1_TYPE|, respectively. It then updates
+// |*putype| with the tag number of type used, or |V_ASN1_OTHER| if it was not a
+// universal type. If |*putype| is set to |V_ASN1_SEQUENCE|, |V_ASN1_SET|, or
+// |V_ASN1_OTHER|, it additionally outputs the tag and length, so the caller
+// must not do so.
+//
+// Otherwise, |*putype| must contain |it->utype|.
+//
+// WARNING: Unlike most functions in this file, |asn1_ex_i2c| can return zero
+// without omitting the element. ASN.1 values may have empty contents.
 static int asn1_ex_i2c(ASN1_VALUE **pval, unsigned char *cout, int *out_omit,
-                       int *putype, const ASN1_ITEM *it)
-{
-    ASN1_BOOLEAN *tbool = NULL;
-    ASN1_STRING *strtmp;
-    ASN1_OBJECT *otmp;
-    int utype;
-    const unsigned char *cont;
-    unsigned char c;
-    int len;
-
-    /* Historically, |it->funcs| for primitive types contained an
-     * |ASN1_PRIMITIVE_FUNCS| table of callbacks. */
-    assert(it->funcs == NULL);
-
-    *out_omit = 0;
-
-    /* Should type be omitted? */
-    if ((it->itype != ASN1_ITYPE_PRIMITIVE)
-        || (it->utype != V_ASN1_BOOLEAN)) {
-        if (!*pval) {
-            *out_omit = 1;
-            return 0;
-        }
+                       int *putype, const ASN1_ITEM *it) {
+  ASN1_BOOLEAN *tbool = NULL;
+  ASN1_STRING *strtmp;
+  ASN1_OBJECT *otmp;
+  int utype;
+  const unsigned char *cont;
+  unsigned char c;
+  int len;
+
+  // Historically, |it->funcs| for primitive types contained an
+  // |ASN1_PRIMITIVE_FUNCS| table of callbacks.
+  assert(it->funcs == NULL);
+
+  *out_omit = 0;
+
+  // Should type be omitted?
+  if ((it->itype != ASN1_ITYPE_PRIMITIVE) || (it->utype != V_ASN1_BOOLEAN)) {
+    if (!*pval) {
+      *out_omit = 1;
+      return 0;
     }
+  }
+
+  if (it->itype == ASN1_ITYPE_MSTRING) {
+    // If MSTRING type set the underlying type
+    strtmp = (ASN1_STRING *)*pval;
+    utype = strtmp->type;
+    if (utype < 0 && utype != V_ASN1_OTHER) {
+      // MSTRINGs can have type -1 when default-constructed.
+      OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(ASN1, ASN1_R_WRONG_TYPE);
+      return -1;
+    }
+    // Negative INTEGER and ENUMERATED values use |ASN1_STRING| type values
+    // that do not match their corresponding utype values. INTEGERs cannot
+    // participate in MSTRING types, but ENUMERATEDs can.
+    //
+    // TODO(davidben): Is this a bug? Although arguably one of the MSTRING
+    // types should contain more values, rather than less. See
+    // https://crbug.com/boringssl/412. But it is not possible to fit all
+    // possible ANY values into an |ASN1_STRING|, so matching the spec here
+    // is somewhat hopeless.
+    if (utype == V_ASN1_NEG_INTEGER) {
+      utype = V_ASN1_INTEGER;
+    } else if (utype == V_ASN1_NEG_ENUMERATED) {
+      utype = V_ASN1_ENUMERATED;
+    }
+    *putype = utype;
+  } else if (it->utype == V_ASN1_ANY) {
+    // If ANY set type and pointer to value
+    ASN1_TYPE *typ;
+    typ = (ASN1_TYPE *)*pval;
+    utype = typ->type;
+    if (utype < 0 && utype != V_ASN1_OTHER) {
+      // |ASN1_TYPE|s can have type -1 when default-constructed.
+      OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(ASN1, ASN1_R_WRONG_TYPE);
+      return -1;
+    }
+    *putype = utype;
+    pval = &typ->value.asn1_value;
+  } else {
+    utype = *putype;
+  }
 
-    if (it->itype == ASN1_ITYPE_MSTRING) {
-        /* If MSTRING type set the underlying type */
-        strtmp = (ASN1_STRING *)*pval;
-        utype = strtmp->type;
-        if (utype < 0 && utype != V_ASN1_OTHER) {
-            /* MSTRINGs can have type -1 when default-constructed. */
-            OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(ASN1, ASN1_R_WRONG_TYPE);
-            return -1;
-        }
-        /* Negative INTEGER and ENUMERATED values use |ASN1_STRING| type values
-         * that do not match their corresponding utype values. INTEGERs cannot
-         * participate in MSTRING types, but ENUMERATEDs can.
-         *
-         * TODO(davidben): Is this a bug? Although arguably one of the MSTRING
-         * types should contain more values, rather than less. See
-         * https://crbug.com/boringssl/412. But it is not possible to fit all
-         * possible ANY values into an |ASN1_STRING|, so matching the spec here
-         * is somewhat hopeless. */
-        if (utype == V_ASN1_NEG_INTEGER) {
-            utype = V_ASN1_INTEGER;
-        } else if (utype == V_ASN1_NEG_ENUMERATED) {
-            utype = V_ASN1_ENUMERATED;
-        }
-        *putype = utype;
-    } else if (it->utype == V_ASN1_ANY) {
-        /* If ANY set type and pointer to value */
-        ASN1_TYPE *typ;
-        typ = (ASN1_TYPE *)*pval;
-        utype = typ->type;
-        if (utype < 0 && utype != V_ASN1_OTHER) {
-            /* |ASN1_TYPE|s can have type -1 when default-constructed. */
-            OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(ASN1, ASN1_R_WRONG_TYPE);
-            return -1;
-        }
-        *putype = utype;
-        pval = &typ->value.asn1_value;
-    } else
-        utype = *putype;
-
-    switch (utype) {
+  switch (utype) {
     case V_ASN1_OBJECT:
-        otmp = (ASN1_OBJECT *)*pval;
-        cont = otmp->data;
-        len = otmp->length;
-        if (len == 0) {
-            /* Some |ASN1_OBJECT|s do not have OIDs and cannot be serialized. */
-            OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(ASN1, ASN1_R_ILLEGAL_OBJECT);
-            return -1;
-        }
-        break;
+      otmp = (ASN1_OBJECT *)*pval;
+      cont = otmp->data;
+      len = otmp->length;
+      if (len == 0) {
+        // Some |ASN1_OBJECT|s do not have OIDs and cannot be serialized.
+        OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(ASN1, ASN1_R_ILLEGAL_OBJECT);
+        return -1;
+      }
+      break;
 
     case V_ASN1_NULL:
-        cont = NULL;
-        len = 0;
-        break;
+      cont = NULL;
+      len = 0;
+      break;
 
     case V_ASN1_BOOLEAN:
-        tbool = (ASN1_BOOLEAN *)pval;
-        if (*tbool == -1) {
-            *out_omit = 1;
-            return 0;
-        }
-        if (it->utype != V_ASN1_ANY) {
-            /*
-             * Default handling if value == size field then omit
-             */
-            if ((*tbool && (it->size > 0)) ||
-                (!*tbool && !it->size)) {
-                *out_omit = 1;
-                return 0;
-            }
-        }
-        c = *tbool ? 0xff : 0x00;
-        cont = &c;
-        len = 1;
-        break;
+      tbool = (ASN1_BOOLEAN *)pval;
+      if (*tbool == ASN1_BOOLEAN_NONE) {
+        *out_omit = 1;
+        return 0;
+      }
+      if (it->utype != V_ASN1_ANY) {
+        // Default handling if value == size field then omit
+        if ((*tbool && (it->size > 0)) || (!*tbool && !it->size)) {
+          *out_omit = 1;
+          return 0;
+        }
+      }
+      c = *tbool ? 0xff : 0x00;
+      cont = &c;
+      len = 1;
+      break;
 
     case V_ASN1_BIT_STRING: {
-        int ret = i2c_ASN1_BIT_STRING((ASN1_BIT_STRING *)*pval,
-                                      cout ? &cout : NULL);
-        /* |i2c_ASN1_BIT_STRING| returns zero on error instead of -1. */
-        return ret <= 0 ? -1 : ret;
+      int ret =
+          i2c_ASN1_BIT_STRING((ASN1_BIT_STRING *)*pval, cout ? &cout : NULL);
+      // |i2c_ASN1_BIT_STRING| returns zero on error instead of -1.
+      return ret <= 0 ? -1 : ret;
     }
 
     case V_ASN1_INTEGER:
     case V_ASN1_ENUMERATED: {
-        /* |i2c_ASN1_INTEGER| also handles ENUMERATED. */
-        int ret = i2c_ASN1_INTEGER((ASN1_INTEGER *)*pval, cout ? &cout : NULL);
-        /* |i2c_ASN1_INTEGER| returns zero on error instead of -1. */
-        return ret <= 0 ? -1 : ret;
+      // |i2c_ASN1_INTEGER| also handles ENUMERATED.
+      int ret = i2c_ASN1_INTEGER((ASN1_INTEGER *)*pval, cout ? &cout : NULL);
+      // |i2c_ASN1_INTEGER| returns zero on error instead of -1.
+      return ret <= 0 ? -1 : ret;
     }
 
     case V_ASN1_OCTET_STRING:
@@ -695,16 +691,20 @@ static int asn1_ex_i2c(ASN1_VALUE **pval, unsigned char *cout, int *out_omit,
     case V_ASN1_UTF8STRING:
     case V_ASN1_SEQUENCE:
     case V_ASN1_SET:
-    default:
-        /* All based on ASN1_STRING and handled the same */
-        strtmp = (ASN1_STRING *)*pval;
-        cont = strtmp->data;
-        len = strtmp->length;
-
-        break;
+    // This is not a valid |ASN1_ITEM| type, but it appears in |ASN1_TYPE|.
+    case V_ASN1_OTHER:
+      // All based on ASN1_STRING and handled the same
+      strtmp = (ASN1_STRING *)*pval;
+      cont = strtmp->data;
+      len = strtmp->length;
+      break;
 
-    }
-    if (cout && len)
-        OPENSSL_memcpy(cout, cont, len);
-    return len;
+    default:
+      OPENSSL_PUT_ERROR(ASN1, ASN1_R_BAD_TEMPLATE);
+      return -1;
+  }
+  if (cout && len) {
+    OPENSSL_memcpy(cout, cont, len);
+  }
+  return len;
 }