grpc 1.45.0-x86_64-linux → 1.47.0-x86_64-linux

data/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/resolver/xds/xds_resolver.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,1122 @@
+//
+// Copyright 2019 gRPC authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+#include <grpc/support/port_platform.h>
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "absl/container/inlined_vector.h"
+#include "absl/memory/memory.h"
+#include "absl/meta/type_traits.h"
+#include "absl/random/random.h"
+#include "absl/status/status.h"
+#include "absl/status/statusor.h"
+#include "absl/strings/match.h"
+#include "absl/strings/str_cat.h"
+#include "absl/strings/str_format.h"
+#include "absl/strings/str_join.h"
+#include "absl/strings/str_replace.h"
+#include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
+#include "absl/strings/strip.h"
+#include "absl/types/optional.h"
+#include "absl/types/variant.h"
+#include "re2/re2.h"
+
+#define XXH_INLINE_ALL
+#include "xxhash.h"
+
+#include <grpc/impl/codegen/grpc_types.h>
+#include <grpc/slice.h>
+#include <grpc/status.h>
+#include <grpc/support/log.h>
+
+#include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/config_selector.h"
+#include "src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy/ring_hash/ring_hash.h"
+#include "src/core/ext/xds/xds_bootstrap.h"
+#include "src/core/ext/xds/xds_client.h"
+#include "src/core/ext/xds/xds_http_filters.h"
+#include "src/core/ext/xds/xds_listener.h"
+#include "src/core/ext/xds/xds_resource_type_impl.h"
+#include "src/core/ext/xds/xds_route_config.h"
+#include "src/core/ext/xds/xds_routing.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/channel/channel_args.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/channel/channel_stack_builder.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/channel/status_util.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/config/core_configuration.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/debug/trace.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gpr/useful.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/debug_location.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/dual_ref_counted.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/orphanable.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/ref_counted_ptr.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/time.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/error.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/iomgr_fwd.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/pollset_set.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/work_serializer.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/resolver/resolver.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/resolver/resolver_factory.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/resolver/resolver_registry.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/resolver/server_address.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/resource_quota/arena.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/service_config/service_config.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/service_config/service_config_call_data.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/service_config/service_config_impl.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/slice/slice_internal.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/transport/error_utils.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/transport/metadata_batch.h"
+#include "src/core/lib/uri/uri_parser.h"
+
+namespace grpc_core {
+
+TraceFlag grpc_xds_resolver_trace(false, "xds_resolver");
+
+const char* kXdsClusterAttribute = "xds_cluster_name";
+
+namespace {
+
+std::string GetDefaultAuthorityInternal(const URI& uri) {
+  // Obtain the authority to use for the data plane connections, which is
+  // also used to select the right VirtualHost from the RouteConfiguration.
+  // We need to take the part of the URI path following the last
+  // "/" character or the entire path if the path contains no "/" character.
+  size_t pos = uri.path().find_last_of('/');
+  if (pos == uri.path().npos) return uri.path();
+  return uri.path().substr(pos + 1);
+}
+
+std::string GetDataPlaneAuthority(const grpc_channel_args& args,
+                                  const URI& uri) {
+  const char* authority =
+      grpc_channel_args_find_string(&args, GRPC_ARG_DEFAULT_AUTHORITY);
+  if (authority != nullptr) return authority;
+  return GetDefaultAuthorityInternal(uri);
+}
+
+//
+// XdsResolver
+//
+
+class XdsResolver : public Resolver {
+ public:
+  explicit XdsResolver(ResolverArgs args)
+      : work_serializer_(std::move(args.work_serializer)),
+        result_handler_(std::move(args.result_handler)),
+        args_(grpc_channel_args_copy(args.args)),
+        interested_parties_(args.pollset_set),
+        uri_(std::move(args.uri)),
+        data_plane_authority_(GetDataPlaneAuthority(*args.args, uri_)),
+        channel_id_(absl::Uniform<uint64_t>(absl::BitGen())) {
+    if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_resolver_trace)) {
+      gpr_log(
+          GPR_INFO,
+          "[xds_resolver %p] created for URI %s; data plane authority is %s",
+          this, uri_.ToString().c_str(), data_plane_authority_.c_str());
+    }
+  }
+
+  ~XdsResolver() override {
+    grpc_channel_args_destroy(args_);
+    if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_resolver_trace)) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_resolver %p] destroyed", this);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void StartLocked() override;
+
+  void ShutdownLocked() override;
+
+  void ResetBackoffLocked() override {
+    if (xds_client_ != nullptr) xds_client_->ResetBackoff();
+  }
+
+ private:
+  class ListenerWatcher : public XdsListenerResourceType::WatcherInterface {
+   public:
+    explicit ListenerWatcher(RefCountedPtr<XdsResolver> resolver)
+        : resolver_(std::move(resolver)) {}
+    void OnResourceChanged(XdsListenerResource listener) override {
+      Ref().release();  // ref held by lambda
+      resolver_->work_serializer_->Run(
+          // TODO(yashykt): When we move to C++14, capture listener with
+          // std::move
+          [this, listener]() mutable {
+            resolver_->OnListenerUpdate(std::move(listener));
+            Unref();
+          },
+          DEBUG_LOCATION);
+    }
+    void OnError(absl::Status status) override {
+      Ref().release();  // ref held by lambda
+      resolver_->work_serializer_->Run(
+          [this, status]() {
+            resolver_->OnError(resolver_->lds_resource_name_, status);
+            Unref();
+          },
+          DEBUG_LOCATION);
+    }
+    void OnResourceDoesNotExist() override {
+      Ref().release();  // ref held by lambda
+      resolver_->work_serializer_->Run(
+          [this]() {
+            resolver_->OnResourceDoesNotExist();
+            Unref();
+          },
+          DEBUG_LOCATION);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    RefCountedPtr<XdsResolver> resolver_;
+  };
+
+  class RouteConfigWatcher
+      : public XdsRouteConfigResourceType::WatcherInterface {
+   public:
+    explicit RouteConfigWatcher(RefCountedPtr<XdsResolver> resolver)
+        : resolver_(std::move(resolver)) {}
+    void OnResourceChanged(XdsRouteConfigResource route_config) override {
+      Ref().release();  // ref held by lambda
+      resolver_->work_serializer_->Run(
+          // TODO(yashykt): When we move to C++14, capture route_config with
+          // std::move
+          [this, route_config]() mutable {
+            resolver_->OnRouteConfigUpdate(std::move(route_config));
+            Unref();
+          },
+          DEBUG_LOCATION);
+    }
+    void OnError(absl::Status status) override {
+      Ref().release();  // ref held by lambda
+      resolver_->work_serializer_->Run(
+          [this, status]() {
+            resolver_->OnError(resolver_->route_config_name_, status);
+            Unref();
+          },
+          DEBUG_LOCATION);
+    }
+    void OnResourceDoesNotExist() override {
+      Ref().release();  // ref held by lambda
+      resolver_->work_serializer_->Run(
+          [this]() {
+            resolver_->OnResourceDoesNotExist();
+            Unref();
+          },
+          DEBUG_LOCATION);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    RefCountedPtr<XdsResolver> resolver_;
+  };
+
+  // An entry in the map of clusters that need to be present in the LB
+  // policy config.  The map holds a weak ref.  One strong ref is held by
+  // the ConfigSelector, and another is held by each call assigned to
+  // the cluster by the ConfigSelector.  The ref for each call is held
+  // until the call is committed.  When the strong refs go away, we hop
+  // back into the WorkSerializer to remove the entry from the map.
+  class ClusterState : public DualRefCounted<ClusterState> {
+   public:
+    using ClusterStateMap =
+        std::map<std::string, WeakRefCountedPtr<ClusterState>>;
+
+    ClusterState(RefCountedPtr<XdsResolver> resolver,
+                 const std::string& cluster_name)
+        : resolver_(std::move(resolver)),
+          it_(resolver_->cluster_state_map_.emplace(cluster_name, WeakRef())
+                  .first) {}
+
+    void Orphan() override {
+      auto* resolver = resolver_.release();
+      resolver->work_serializer_->Run(
+          [resolver]() {
+            resolver->MaybeRemoveUnusedClusters();
+            resolver->Unref();
+          },
+          DEBUG_LOCATION);
+    }
+
+    const std::string& cluster() const { return it_->first; }
+
+   private:
+    RefCountedPtr<XdsResolver> resolver_;
+    ClusterStateMap::iterator it_;
+  };
+
+  // Call dispatch controller, created for each call handled by the
+  // ConfigSelector.  Holds a ref to the ClusterState object until the
+  // call is committed.
+  class XdsCallDispatchController
+      : public ConfigSelector::CallDispatchController {
+   public:
+    explicit XdsCallDispatchController(
+        RefCountedPtr<ClusterState> cluster_state)
+        : cluster_state_(std::move(cluster_state)) {}
+
+    bool ShouldRetry() override {
+      // TODO(donnadionne): Implement the retry circuit breaker here.
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    void Commit() override {
+      // TODO(donnadionne): If ShouldRetry() was called previously,
+      // decrement the retry circuit breaker counter.
+      cluster_state_.reset();
+    }
+
+   private:
+    // Note: The XdsCallDispatchController object is never actually destroyed,
+    // so do not add any data members that require destruction unless you have
+    // some other way to clean them up.
+    RefCountedPtr<ClusterState> cluster_state_;
+  };
+
+  class XdsConfigSelector : public ConfigSelector {
+   public:
+    XdsConfigSelector(RefCountedPtr<XdsResolver> resolver,
+                      grpc_error_handle* error);
+    ~XdsConfigSelector() override;
+
+    const char* name() const override { return "XdsConfigSelector"; }
+
+    bool Equals(const ConfigSelector* other) const override {
+      const auto* other_xds = static_cast<const XdsConfigSelector*>(other);
+      // Don't need to compare resolver_, since that will always be the same.
+      return route_table_ == other_xds->route_table_ &&
+             clusters_ == other_xds->clusters_;
+    }
+
+    CallConfig GetCallConfig(GetCallConfigArgs args) override;
+
+    std::vector<const grpc_channel_filter*> GetFilters() override {
+      return filters_;
+    }
+
+    grpc_channel_args* ModifyChannelArgs(grpc_channel_args* args) override;
+
+   private:
+    struct Route {
+      struct ClusterWeightState {
+        uint32_t range_end;
+        absl::string_view cluster;
+        RefCountedPtr<ServiceConfig> method_config;
+
+        bool operator==(const ClusterWeightState& other) const;
+      };
+
+      XdsRouteConfigResource::Route route;
+      RefCountedPtr<ServiceConfig> method_config;
+      absl::InlinedVector<ClusterWeightState, 2> weighted_cluster_state;
+
+      bool operator==(const Route& other) const;
+    };
+    using RouteTable = std::vector<Route>;
+
+    class RouteListIterator;
+
+    void MaybeAddCluster(const std::string& name);
+    grpc_error_handle CreateMethodConfig(
+        const XdsRouteConfigResource::Route& route,
+        const XdsRouteConfigResource::Route::RouteAction::ClusterWeight*
+            cluster_weight,
+        RefCountedPtr<ServiceConfig>* method_config);
+
+    RefCountedPtr<XdsResolver> resolver_;
+    RouteTable route_table_;
+    std::map<absl::string_view, RefCountedPtr<ClusterState>> clusters_;
+    std::vector<const grpc_channel_filter*> filters_;
+  };
+
+  void OnListenerUpdate(XdsListenerResource listener);
+  void OnRouteConfigUpdate(XdsRouteConfigResource rds_update);
+  void OnError(absl::string_view context, absl::Status status);
+  void OnResourceDoesNotExist();
+
+  absl::StatusOr<RefCountedPtr<ServiceConfig>> CreateServiceConfig();
+  void GenerateResult();
+  void MaybeRemoveUnusedClusters();
+  uint64_t channel_id() const { return channel_id_; }
+
+  std::shared_ptr<WorkSerializer> work_serializer_;
+  std::unique_ptr<ResultHandler> result_handler_;
+  const grpc_channel_args* args_;
+  grpc_pollset_set* interested_parties_;
+  URI uri_;
+  RefCountedPtr<XdsClient> xds_client_;
+  std::string lds_resource_name_;
+  std::string data_plane_authority_;
+  uint64_t channel_id_;
+
+  ListenerWatcher* listener_watcher_ = nullptr;
+  // This will not contain the RouteConfiguration, even if it comes with the
+  // LDS response; instead, the relevant VirtualHost from the
+  // RouteConfiguration will be saved in current_virtual_host_.
+  XdsListenerResource current_listener_;
+
+  std::string route_config_name_;
+  RouteConfigWatcher* route_config_watcher_ = nullptr;
+  XdsRouteConfigResource::VirtualHost current_virtual_host_;
+  std::map<std::string /*cluster_specifier_plugin_name*/,
+           std::string /*LB policy config*/>
+      cluster_specifier_plugin_map_;
+
+  ClusterState::ClusterStateMap cluster_state_map_;
+};
+
+//
+// XdsResolver::XdsConfigSelector::Route
+//
+
+bool MethodConfigsEqual(const ServiceConfig* sc1, const ServiceConfig* sc2) {
+  if (sc1 == nullptr) return sc2 == nullptr;
+  if (sc2 == nullptr) return false;
+  return sc1->json_string() == sc2->json_string();
+}
+
+bool XdsResolver::XdsConfigSelector::Route::ClusterWeightState::operator==(
+    const ClusterWeightState& other) const {
+  return range_end == other.range_end && cluster == other.cluster &&
+         MethodConfigsEqual(method_config.get(), other.method_config.get());
+}
+
+bool XdsResolver::XdsConfigSelector::Route::operator==(
+    const Route& other) const {
+  return route == other.route &&
+         weighted_cluster_state == other.weighted_cluster_state &&
+         MethodConfigsEqual(method_config.get(), other.method_config.get());
+}
+
+// Implementation of XdsRouting::RouteListIterator for getting the matching
+// route for a request.
+class XdsResolver::XdsConfigSelector::RouteListIterator
+    : public XdsRouting::RouteListIterator {
+ public:
+  explicit RouteListIterator(const RouteTable* route_table)
+      : route_table_(route_table) {}
+
+  size_t Size() const override { return route_table_->size(); }
+
+  const XdsRouteConfigResource::Route::Matchers& GetMatchersForRoute(
+      size_t index) const override {
+    return (*route_table_)[index].route.matchers;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const RouteTable* route_table_;
+};
+
+//
+// XdsResolver::XdsConfigSelector
+//
+
+XdsResolver::XdsConfigSelector::XdsConfigSelector(
+    RefCountedPtr<XdsResolver> resolver, grpc_error_handle* error)
+    : resolver_(std::move(resolver)) {
+  if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_resolver_trace)) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_resolver %p] creating XdsConfigSelector %p",
+            resolver_.get(), this);
+  }
+  // 1. Construct the route table
+  // 2  Update resolver's cluster state map
+  // 3. Construct cluster list to hold on to entries in the cluster state
+  // map.
+  // Reserve the necessary entries up-front to avoid reallocation as we add
+  // elements. This is necessary because the string_view in the entry's
+  // weighted_cluster_state field points to the memory in the route field, so
+  // moving the entry in a reallocation will cause the string_view to point to
+  // invalid data.
+  route_table_.reserve(resolver_->current_virtual_host_.routes.size());
+  for (auto& route : resolver_->current_virtual_host_.routes) {
+    if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_resolver_trace)) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_resolver %p] XdsConfigSelector %p: route: %s",
+              resolver_.get(), this, route.ToString().c_str());
+    }
+    route_table_.emplace_back();
+    auto& route_entry = route_table_.back();
+    route_entry.route = route;
+    auto* route_action =
+        absl::get_if<XdsRouteConfigResource::Route::RouteAction>(
+            &route_entry.route.action);
+    if (route_action != nullptr) {
+      // If the route doesn't specify a timeout, set its timeout to the global
+      // one.
+      if (!route_action->max_stream_duration.has_value()) {
+        route_action->max_stream_duration =
+            resolver_->current_listener_.http_connection_manager
+                .http_max_stream_duration;
+      }
+      if (route_action->action.index() ==
+          XdsRouteConfigResource::Route::RouteAction::kClusterIndex) {
+        *error = CreateMethodConfig(route_entry.route, nullptr,
+                                    &route_entry.method_config);
+        MaybeAddCluster(absl::StrCat(
+            "cluster:",
+            absl::get<
+                XdsRouteConfigResource::Route::RouteAction::kClusterIndex>(
+                route_action->action)));
+      } else if (route_action->action.index() ==
+                 XdsRouteConfigResource::Route::RouteAction::
+                     kWeightedClustersIndex) {
+        auto& action_weighted_clusters = absl::get<
+            XdsRouteConfigResource::Route::RouteAction::kWeightedClustersIndex>(
+            route_action->action);
+        uint32_t end = 0;
+        for (const auto& weighted_cluster : action_weighted_clusters) {
+          Route::ClusterWeightState cluster_weight_state;
+          *error = CreateMethodConfig(route_entry.route, &weighted_cluster,
+                                      &cluster_weight_state.method_config);
+          if (*error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) return;
+          end += weighted_cluster.weight;
+          cluster_weight_state.range_end = end;
+          cluster_weight_state.cluster = weighted_cluster.name;
+          route_entry.weighted_cluster_state.push_back(
+              std::move(cluster_weight_state));
+          MaybeAddCluster(absl::StrCat("cluster:", weighted_cluster.name));
+        }
+      } else if (route_action->action.index() ==
+                 XdsRouteConfigResource::Route::RouteAction::
+                     kClusterSpecifierPluginIndex) {
+        // cluster_specifier_plugin case:
+        *error = CreateMethodConfig(route_entry.route, nullptr,
+                                    &route_entry.method_config);
+        MaybeAddCluster(absl::StrCat(
+            "cluster_specifier_plugin:",
+            absl::get<XdsRouteConfigResource::Route::RouteAction::
+                          kClusterSpecifierPluginIndex>(route_action->action)));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  // Populate filter list.
+  for (const auto& http_filter :
+       resolver_->current_listener_.http_connection_manager.http_filters) {
+    // Find filter.  This is guaranteed to succeed, because it's checked
+    // at config validation time in the XdsApi code.
+    const XdsHttpFilterImpl* filter_impl =
+        XdsHttpFilterRegistry::GetFilterForType(
+            http_filter.config.config_proto_type_name);
+    GPR_ASSERT(filter_impl != nullptr);
+    // Add C-core filter to list.
+    if (filter_impl->channel_filter() != nullptr) {
+      filters_.push_back(filter_impl->channel_filter());
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+XdsResolver::XdsConfigSelector::~XdsConfigSelector() {
+  if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_resolver_trace)) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_resolver %p] destroying XdsConfigSelector %p",
+            resolver_.get(), this);
+  }
+  clusters_.clear();
+  resolver_->MaybeRemoveUnusedClusters();
+}
+
+grpc_error_handle XdsResolver::XdsConfigSelector::CreateMethodConfig(
+    const XdsRouteConfigResource::Route& route,
+    const XdsRouteConfigResource::Route::RouteAction::ClusterWeight*
+        cluster_weight,
+    RefCountedPtr<ServiceConfig>* method_config) {
+  std::vector<std::string> fields;
+  const auto& route_action =
+      absl::get<XdsRouteConfigResource::Route::RouteAction>(route.action);
+  // Set retry policy if any.
+  if (route_action.retry_policy.has_value() &&
+      !route_action.retry_policy->retry_on.Empty()) {
+    std::vector<std::string> retry_parts;
+    retry_parts.push_back(absl::StrFormat(
+        "\"retryPolicy\": {\n"
+        "      \"maxAttempts\": %d,\n"
+        "      \"initialBackoff\": \"%s\",\n"
+        "      \"maxBackoff\": \"%s\",\n"
+        "      \"backoffMultiplier\": 2,\n",
+        route_action.retry_policy->num_retries + 1,
+        route_action.retry_policy->retry_back_off.base_interval.ToJsonString(),
+        route_action.retry_policy->retry_back_off.max_interval.ToJsonString()));
+    std::vector<std::string> code_parts;
+    if (route_action.retry_policy->retry_on.Contains(GRPC_STATUS_CANCELLED)) {
+      code_parts.push_back("        \"CANCELLED\"");
+    }
+    if (route_action.retry_policy->retry_on.Contains(
+            GRPC_STATUS_DEADLINE_EXCEEDED)) {
+      code_parts.push_back("        \"DEADLINE_EXCEEDED\"");
+    }
+    if (route_action.retry_policy->retry_on.Contains(GRPC_STATUS_INTERNAL)) {
+      code_parts.push_back("        \"INTERNAL\"");
+    }
+    if (route_action.retry_policy->retry_on.Contains(
+            GRPC_STATUS_RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED)) {
+      code_parts.push_back("        \"RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED\"");
+    }
+    if (route_action.retry_policy->retry_on.Contains(GRPC_STATUS_UNAVAILABLE)) {
+      code_parts.push_back("        \"UNAVAILABLE\"");
+    }
+    retry_parts.push_back(
+        absl::StrFormat("      \"retryableStatusCodes\": [\n %s ]\n",
+                        absl::StrJoin(code_parts, ",\n")));
+    retry_parts.push_back(absl::StrFormat("    }"));
+    fields.emplace_back(absl::StrJoin(retry_parts, ""));
+  }
+  // Set timeout.
+  if (route_action.max_stream_duration.has_value() &&
+      (route_action.max_stream_duration != Duration::Zero())) {
+    fields.emplace_back(
+        absl::StrFormat("    \"timeout\": \"%s\"",
+                        route_action.max_stream_duration->ToJsonString()));
+  }
+  // Handle xDS HTTP filters.
+  XdsRouting::GeneratePerHttpFilterConfigsResult result =
+      XdsRouting::GeneratePerHTTPFilterConfigs(
+          resolver_->current_listener_.http_connection_manager.http_filters,
+          resolver_->current_virtual_host_, route, cluster_weight,
+          grpc_channel_args_copy(resolver_->args_));
+  if (result.error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+    return result.error;
+  }
+  for (const auto& p : result.per_filter_configs) {
+    fields.emplace_back(absl::StrCat("    \"", p.first, "\": [\n",
+                                     absl::StrJoin(p.second, ",\n"),
+                                     "\n    ]"));
+  }
+  // Construct service config.
+  grpc_error_handle error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+  if (!fields.empty()) {
+    std::string json = absl::StrCat(
+        "{\n"
+        "  \"methodConfig\": [ {\n"
+        "    \"name\": [\n"
+        "      {}\n"
+        "    ],\n"
+        "    ",
+        absl::StrJoin(fields, ",\n"),
+        "\n  } ]\n"
+        "}");
+    *method_config =
+        ServiceConfigImpl::Create(result.args, json.c_str(), &error);
+  }
+  grpc_channel_args_destroy(result.args);
+  return error;
+}
+
+grpc_channel_args* XdsResolver::XdsConfigSelector::ModifyChannelArgs(
+    grpc_channel_args* args) {
+  return args;
+}
+
+void XdsResolver::XdsConfigSelector::MaybeAddCluster(const std::string& name) {
+  if (clusters_.find(name) == clusters_.end()) {
+    auto it = resolver_->cluster_state_map_.find(name);
+    if (it == resolver_->cluster_state_map_.end()) {
+      auto new_cluster_state = MakeRefCounted<ClusterState>(resolver_, name);
+      clusters_[new_cluster_state->cluster()] = std::move(new_cluster_state);
+    } else {
+      clusters_[it->second->cluster()] = it->second->Ref();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+absl::optional<uint64_t> HeaderHashHelper(
+    const XdsRouteConfigResource::Route::RouteAction::HashPolicy& policy,
+    grpc_metadata_batch* initial_metadata) {
+  GPR_ASSERT(policy.type ==
+             XdsRouteConfigResource::Route::RouteAction::HashPolicy::HEADER);
+  std::string value_buffer;
+  absl::optional<absl::string_view> header_value = XdsRouting::GetHeaderValue(
+      initial_metadata, policy.header_name, &value_buffer);
+  if (!header_value.has_value()) {
+    return absl::nullopt;
+  }
+  if (policy.regex != nullptr) {
+    // If GetHeaderValue() did not already store the value in
+    // value_buffer, copy it there now, so we can modify it.
+    if (header_value->data() != value_buffer.data()) {
+      value_buffer = std::string(*header_value);
+    }
+    RE2::GlobalReplace(&value_buffer, *policy.regex, policy.regex_substitution);
+    header_value = value_buffer;
+  }
+  return XXH64(header_value->data(), header_value->size(), 0);
+}
+
+ConfigSelector::CallConfig XdsResolver::XdsConfigSelector::GetCallConfig(
+    GetCallConfigArgs args) {
+  auto route_index = XdsRouting::GetRouteForRequest(
+      RouteListIterator(&route_table_), StringViewFromSlice(*args.path),
+      args.initial_metadata);
+  if (!route_index.has_value()) {
+    return CallConfig();
+  }
+  auto& entry = route_table_[*route_index];
+  // Found a route match
+  const auto* route_action =
+      absl::get_if<XdsRouteConfigResource::Route::RouteAction>(
+          &entry.route.action);
+  if (route_action == nullptr) {
+    CallConfig call_config;
+    call_config.error =
+        grpc_error_set_int(GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_STATIC_STRING(
+                               "Matching route has inappropriate action"),
+                           GRPC_ERROR_INT_GRPC_STATUS, GRPC_STATUS_UNAVAILABLE);
+    return call_config;
+  }
+  std::string cluster_name;
+  RefCountedPtr<ServiceConfig> method_config;
+  if (route_action->action.index() ==
+      XdsRouteConfigResource::Route::RouteAction::kClusterIndex) {
+    cluster_name = absl::StrCat(
+        "cluster:",
+        absl::get<XdsRouteConfigResource::Route::RouteAction::kClusterIndex>(
+            route_action->action));
+    method_config = entry.method_config;
+  } else if (route_action->action.index() ==
+             XdsRouteConfigResource::Route::RouteAction::
+                 kWeightedClustersIndex) {
+    const uint32_t key =
+        rand() %
+        entry.weighted_cluster_state[entry.weighted_cluster_state.size() - 1]
+            .range_end;
+    // Find the index in weighted clusters corresponding to key.
+    size_t mid = 0;
+    size_t start_index = 0;
+    size_t end_index = entry.weighted_cluster_state.size() - 1;
+    size_t index = 0;
+    while (end_index > start_index) {
+      mid = (start_index + end_index) / 2;
+      if (entry.weighted_cluster_state[mid].range_end > key) {
+        end_index = mid;
+      } else if (entry.weighted_cluster_state[mid].range_end < key) {
+        start_index = mid + 1;
+      } else {
+        index = mid + 1;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (index == 0) index = start_index;
+    GPR_ASSERT(entry.weighted_cluster_state[index].range_end > key);
+    cluster_name =
+        absl::StrCat("cluster:", entry.weighted_cluster_state[index].cluster);
+    method_config = entry.weighted_cluster_state[index].method_config;
+  } else if (route_action->action.index() ==
+             XdsRouteConfigResource::Route::RouteAction::
+                 kClusterSpecifierPluginIndex) {
+    cluster_name = absl::StrCat(
+        "cluster_specifier_plugin:",
+        absl::get<XdsRouteConfigResource::Route::RouteAction::
+                      kClusterSpecifierPluginIndex>(route_action->action));
+    method_config = entry.method_config;
+  }
+  auto it = clusters_.find(cluster_name);
+  GPR_ASSERT(it != clusters_.end());
+  // Generate a hash.
+  absl::optional<uint64_t> hash;
+  for (const auto& hash_policy : route_action->hash_policies) {
+    absl::optional<uint64_t> new_hash;
+    switch (hash_policy.type) {
+      case XdsRouteConfigResource::Route::RouteAction::HashPolicy::HEADER:
+        new_hash = HeaderHashHelper(hash_policy, args.initial_metadata);
+        break;
+      case XdsRouteConfigResource::Route::RouteAction::HashPolicy::CHANNEL_ID:
+        new_hash = resolver_->channel_id();
+        break;
+      default:
+        GPR_ASSERT(0);
+    }
+    if (new_hash.has_value()) {
+      // Rotating the old value prevents duplicate hash rules from cancelling
+      // each other out and preserves all of the entropy
+      const uint64_t old_value =
+          hash.has_value() ? ((hash.value() << 1) | (hash.value() >> 63)) : 0;
+      hash = old_value ^ new_hash.value();
+    }
+    // If the policy is a terminal policy and a hash has been generated,
+    // ignore the rest of the hash policies.
+    if (hash_policy.terminal && hash.has_value()) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  if (!hash.has_value()) {
+    hash = absl::Uniform<uint64_t>(absl::BitGen());
+  }
+  CallConfig call_config;
+  if (method_config != nullptr) {
+    call_config.method_configs =
+        method_config->GetMethodParsedConfigVector(grpc_empty_slice());
+    call_config.service_config = std::move(method_config);
+  }
+  call_config.call_attributes[kXdsClusterAttribute] = it->first;
+  std::string hash_string = absl::StrCat(hash.value());
+  char* hash_value =
+      static_cast<char*>(args.arena->Alloc(hash_string.size() + 1));
+  memcpy(hash_value, hash_string.c_str(), hash_string.size());
+  hash_value[hash_string.size()] = '\0';
+  call_config.call_attributes[kRequestRingHashAttribute] = hash_value;
+  call_config.call_dispatch_controller =
+      args.arena->New<XdsCallDispatchController>(it->second->Ref());
+  return call_config;
+}
+
+//
+// XdsResolver
+//
+
+void XdsResolver::StartLocked() {
+  grpc_error_handle error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+  xds_client_ = XdsClient::GetOrCreate(args_, &error);
+  if (error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
+            "Failed to create xds client -- channel will remain in "
+            "TRANSIENT_FAILURE: %s",
+            grpc_error_std_string(error).c_str());
+    std::string error_message;
+    grpc_error_get_str(error, GRPC_ERROR_STR_DESCRIPTION, &error_message);
+    absl::Status status = absl::UnavailableError(
+        absl::StrCat("Failed to create XdsClient: ", error_message));
+    Result result;
+    result.addresses = status;
+    result.service_config = std::move(status);
+    result.args = grpc_channel_args_copy(args_);
+    result_handler_->ReportResult(std::move(result));
+    GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
+    return;
+  }
+  std::string resource_name_fragment(absl::StripPrefix(uri_.path(), "/"));
+  if (!uri_.authority().empty()) {
+    // target_uri.authority is set case
+    const auto* authority_config =
+        xds_client_->bootstrap().LookupAuthority(uri_.authority());
+    if (authority_config == nullptr) {
+      absl::Status status = absl::UnavailableError(
+          absl::StrCat("Invalid target URI -- authority not found for ",
+                       uri_.authority().c_str()));
+      Result result;
+      result.addresses = status;
+      result.service_config = std::move(status);
+      result.args = grpc_channel_args_copy(args_);
+      result_handler_->ReportResult(std::move(result));
+      return;
+    }
+    std::string name_template =
+        authority_config->client_listener_resource_name_template;
+    if (name_template.empty()) {
+      name_template = absl::StrCat(
+          "xdstp://", URI::PercentEncodeAuthority(uri_.authority()),
+          "/envoy.config.listener.v3.Listener/%s");
+    }
+    lds_resource_name_ = absl::StrReplaceAll(
+        name_template,
+        {{"%s", URI::PercentEncodePath(resource_name_fragment)}});
+  } else {
+    // target_uri.authority not set
+    absl::string_view name_template =
+        xds_client_->bootstrap()
+            .client_default_listener_resource_name_template();
+    if (name_template.empty()) {
+      name_template = "%s";
+    }
+    if (absl::StartsWith(name_template, "xdstp:")) {
+      resource_name_fragment = URI::PercentEncodePath(resource_name_fragment);
+    }
+    lds_resource_name_ =
+        absl::StrReplaceAll(name_template, {{"%s", resource_name_fragment}});
+  }
+  if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_resolver_trace)) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_resolver %p] Started with lds_resource_name %s.",
+            this, lds_resource_name_.c_str());
+  }
+  grpc_pollset_set_add_pollset_set(xds_client_->interested_parties(),
+                                   interested_parties_);
+  auto watcher = MakeRefCounted<ListenerWatcher>(Ref());
+  listener_watcher_ = watcher.get();
+  XdsListenerResourceType::StartWatch(xds_client_.get(), lds_resource_name_,
+                                      std::move(watcher));
+}
+
+void XdsResolver::ShutdownLocked() {
+  if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_resolver_trace)) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_resolver %p] shutting down", this);
+  }
+  if (xds_client_ != nullptr) {
+    if (listener_watcher_ != nullptr) {
+      XdsListenerResourceType::CancelWatch(
+          xds_client_.get(), lds_resource_name_, listener_watcher_,
+          /*delay_unsubscription=*/false);
+    }
+    if (route_config_watcher_ != nullptr) {
+      XdsRouteConfigResourceType::CancelWatch(
+          xds_client_.get(), route_config_name_, route_config_watcher_,
+          /*delay_unsubscription=*/false);
+    }
+    grpc_pollset_set_del_pollset_set(xds_client_->interested_parties(),
+                                     interested_parties_);
+    xds_client_.reset();
+  }
+}
+
+void XdsResolver::OnListenerUpdate(XdsListenerResource listener) {
+  if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_resolver_trace)) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_resolver %p] received updated listener data", this);
+  }
+  if (xds_client_ == nullptr) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (listener.http_connection_manager.route_config_name !=
+      route_config_name_) {
+    if (route_config_watcher_ != nullptr) {
+      XdsRouteConfigResourceType::CancelWatch(
+          xds_client_.get(), route_config_name_, route_config_watcher_,
+          /*delay_unsubscription=*/
+          !listener.http_connection_manager.route_config_name.empty());
+      route_config_watcher_ = nullptr;
+    }
+    route_config_name_ =
+        std::move(listener.http_connection_manager.route_config_name);
+    if (!route_config_name_.empty()) {
+      current_virtual_host_.routes.clear();
+      auto watcher = MakeRefCounted<RouteConfigWatcher>(Ref());
+      route_config_watcher_ = watcher.get();
+      XdsRouteConfigResourceType::StartWatch(
+          xds_client_.get(), route_config_name_, std::move(watcher));
+    }
+  }
+  current_listener_ = std::move(listener);
+  if (route_config_name_.empty()) {
+    GPR_ASSERT(
+        current_listener_.http_connection_manager.rds_update.has_value());
+    OnRouteConfigUpdate(
+        std::move(*current_listener_.http_connection_manager.rds_update));
+  } else {
+    // HCM may contain newer filter config. We need to propagate the update as
+    // config selector to the channel
+    GenerateResult();
+  }
+}
+
+namespace {
+class VirtualHostListIterator : public XdsRouting::VirtualHostListIterator {
+ public:
+  explicit VirtualHostListIterator(
+      const std::vector<XdsRouteConfigResource::VirtualHost>* virtual_hosts)
+      : virtual_hosts_(virtual_hosts) {}
+
+  size_t Size() const override { return virtual_hosts_->size(); }
+
+  const std::vector<std::string>& GetDomainsForVirtualHost(
+      size_t index) const override {
+    return (*virtual_hosts_)[index].domains;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const std::vector<XdsRouteConfigResource::VirtualHost>* virtual_hosts_;
+};
+}  // namespace
+
+void XdsResolver::OnRouteConfigUpdate(XdsRouteConfigResource rds_update) {
+  if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_resolver_trace)) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_resolver %p] received updated route config", this);
+  }
+  if (xds_client_ == nullptr) {
+    return;
+  }
+  // Find the relevant VirtualHost from the RouteConfiguration.
+  auto vhost_index = XdsRouting::FindVirtualHostForDomain(
+      VirtualHostListIterator(&rds_update.virtual_hosts),
+      data_plane_authority_);
+  if (!vhost_index.has_value()) {
+    OnError(
+        route_config_name_.empty() ? lds_resource_name_ : route_config_name_,
+        absl::UnavailableError(absl::StrCat("could not find VirtualHost for ",
+                                            data_plane_authority_,
+                                            " in RouteConfiguration")));
+    return;
+  }
+  // Save the virtual host in the resolver.
+  current_virtual_host_ = std::move(rds_update.virtual_hosts[*vhost_index]);
+  cluster_specifier_plugin_map_ =
+      std::move(rds_update.cluster_specifier_plugin_map);
+  // Send a new result to the channel.
+  GenerateResult();
+}
+
+void XdsResolver::OnError(absl::string_view context, absl::Status status) {
+  gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "[xds_resolver %p] received error from XdsClient: %s: %s",
+          this, std::string(context).c_str(), status.ToString().c_str());
+  if (xds_client_ == nullptr) return;
+  status =
+      absl::UnavailableError(absl::StrCat(context, ": ", status.ToString()));
+  Result result;
+  result.addresses = status;
+  result.service_config = std::move(status);
+  grpc_arg new_arg = xds_client_->MakeChannelArg();
+  result.args = grpc_channel_args_copy_and_add(args_, &new_arg, 1);
+  result_handler_->ReportResult(std::move(result));
+}
+
+void XdsResolver::OnResourceDoesNotExist() {
+  gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
+          "[xds_resolver %p] LDS/RDS resource does not exist -- clearing "
+          "update and returning empty service config",
+          this);
+  if (xds_client_ == nullptr) {
+    return;
+  }
+  current_virtual_host_.routes.clear();
+  Result result;
+  result.addresses.emplace();
+  grpc_error_handle error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+  result.service_config = ServiceConfigImpl::Create(args_, "{}", &error);
+  GPR_ASSERT(*result.service_config != nullptr);
+  result.args = grpc_channel_args_copy(args_);
+  result_handler_->ReportResult(std::move(result));
+}
+
+absl::StatusOr<RefCountedPtr<ServiceConfig>>
+XdsResolver::CreateServiceConfig() {
+  std::vector<std::string> clusters;
+  for (const auto& cluster : cluster_state_map_) {
+    absl::string_view child_name = cluster.first;
+    if (absl::ConsumePrefix(&child_name, "cluster_specifier_plugin:")) {
+      clusters.push_back(absl::StrFormat(
+          "      \"%s\":{\n"
+          "        \"childPolicy\": %s\n"
+          "       }",
+          cluster.first,
+          cluster_specifier_plugin_map_[std::string(child_name)]));
+    } else {
+      absl::ConsumePrefix(&child_name, "cluster:");
+      clusters.push_back(
+          absl::StrFormat("      \"%s\":{\n"
+                          "        \"childPolicy\":[ {\n"
+                          "          \"cds_experimental\":{\n"
+                          "            \"cluster\": \"%s\"\n"
+                          "          }\n"
+                          "        } ]\n"
+                          "       }",
+                          cluster.first, child_name));
+    }
+  }
+  std::vector<std::string> config_parts;
+  config_parts.push_back(
+      "{\n"
+      "  \"loadBalancingConfig\":[\n"
+      "    { \"xds_cluster_manager_experimental\":{\n"
+      "      \"children\":{\n");
+  config_parts.push_back(absl::StrJoin(clusters, ",\n"));
+  config_parts.push_back(
+      "    }\n"
+      "    } }\n"
+      "  ]\n"
+      "}");
+  std::string json = absl::StrJoin(config_parts, "");
+  grpc_error_handle error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+  absl::StatusOr<RefCountedPtr<ServiceConfig>> result =
+      ServiceConfigImpl::Create(args_, json.c_str(), &error);
+  if (error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+    result = grpc_error_to_absl_status(error);
+    GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+void XdsResolver::GenerateResult() {
+  if (current_virtual_host_.routes.empty()) return;
+  // First create XdsConfigSelector, which may add new entries to the cluster
+  // state map, and then CreateServiceConfig for LB policies.
+  grpc_error_handle error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+  auto config_selector = MakeRefCounted<XdsConfigSelector>(Ref(), &error);
+  if (error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+    OnError("could not create ConfigSelector",
+            absl::UnavailableError(grpc_error_std_string(error)));
+    GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
+    return;
+  }
+  Result result;
+  result.addresses.emplace();
+  result.service_config = CreateServiceConfig();
+  if (GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(grpc_xds_resolver_trace)) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "[xds_resolver %p] generated service config: %s", this,
+            result.service_config.ok()
+                ? std::string((*result.service_config)->json_string()).c_str()
+                : result.service_config.status().ToString().c_str());
+  }
+  grpc_arg new_args[] = {
+      xds_client_->MakeChannelArg(),
+      config_selector->MakeChannelArg(),
+  };
+  result.args =
+      grpc_channel_args_copy_and_add(args_, new_args, GPR_ARRAY_SIZE(new_args));
+  result_handler_->ReportResult(std::move(result));
+}
+
+void XdsResolver::MaybeRemoveUnusedClusters() {
+  bool update_needed = false;
+  for (auto it = cluster_state_map_.begin(); it != cluster_state_map_.end();) {
+    RefCountedPtr<ClusterState> cluster_state = it->second->RefIfNonZero();
+    if (cluster_state != nullptr) {
+      ++it;
+    } else {
+      update_needed = true;
+      it = cluster_state_map_.erase(it);
+    }
+  }
+  if (update_needed && xds_client_ != nullptr) {
+    // Send a new result to the channel.
+    GenerateResult();
+  }
+}
+
+//
+// Factory
+//
+
+class XdsResolverFactory : public ResolverFactory {
+ public:
+  absl::string_view scheme() const override { return "xds"; }
+
+  bool IsValidUri(const URI& uri) const override {
+    if (uri.path().empty() || uri.path().back() == '/') {
+      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
+              "URI path does not contain valid data plane authority");
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  std::string GetDefaultAuthority(const URI& uri) const override {
+    return GetDefaultAuthorityInternal(uri);
+  }
+
+  OrphanablePtr<Resolver> CreateResolver(ResolverArgs args) const override {
+    if (!IsValidUri(args.uri)) return nullptr;
+    return MakeOrphanable<XdsResolver>(std::move(args));
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void RegisterXdsResolver(CoreConfiguration::Builder* builder) {
+  builder->resolver_registry()->RegisterResolverFactory(
+      absl::make_unique<XdsResolverFactory>());
+}
+
+}  // namespace grpc_core