grpc 1.45.0-x86_64-linux → 1.47.0-x86_64-linux

data/src/core/tsi/ssl_transport_security.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,2417 @@
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright 2015 gRPC authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <grpc/support/port_platform.h>
+
+#include "src/core/tsi/ssl_transport_security.h"
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+/* TODO(jboeuf): refactor inet_ntop into a portability header. */
+/* Note: for whomever reads this and tries to refactor this, this
+   can't be in grpc, it has to be in gpr. */
+#ifdef GPR_WINDOWS
+#include <ws2tcpip.h>
+#else
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <openssl/bio.h>
+#include <openssl/crypto.h> /* For OPENSSL_free */
+#include <openssl/engine.h>
+#include <openssl/err.h>
+#include <openssl/ssl.h>
+#include <openssl/tls1.h>
+#include <openssl/x509.h>
+#include <openssl/x509v3.h>
+
+#include "absl/strings/match.h"
+#include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
+
+#include <grpc/grpc_security.h>
+#include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
+#include <grpc/support/log.h>
+#include <grpc/support/string_util.h>
+#include <grpc/support/sync.h>
+#include <grpc/support/thd_id.h>
+
+#include "src/core/lib/gpr/useful.h"
+#include "src/core/tsi/ssl/key_logging/ssl_key_logging.h"
+#include "src/core/tsi/ssl/session_cache/ssl_session_cache.h"
+#include "src/core/tsi/ssl_types.h"
+#include "src/core/tsi/transport_security.h"
+
+/* --- Constants. ---*/
+
+#define TSI_SSL_MAX_PROTECTED_FRAME_SIZE_UPPER_BOUND 16384
+#define TSI_SSL_MAX_PROTECTED_FRAME_SIZE_LOWER_BOUND 1024
+#define TSI_SSL_HANDSHAKER_OUTGOING_BUFFER_INITIAL_SIZE 1024
+
+/* Putting a macro like this and littering the source file with #if is really
+   bad practice.
+   TODO(jboeuf): refactor all the #if / #endif in a separate module. */
+#ifndef TSI_OPENSSL_ALPN_SUPPORT
+#define TSI_OPENSSL_ALPN_SUPPORT 1
+#endif
+
+/* TODO(jboeuf): I have not found a way to get this number dynamically from the
+   SSL structure. This is what we would ultimately want though... */
+#define TSI_SSL_MAX_PROTECTION_OVERHEAD 100
+
+using TlsSessionKeyLogger = tsi::TlsSessionKeyLoggerCache::TlsSessionKeyLogger;
+
+/* --- Structure definitions. ---*/
+
+struct tsi_ssl_root_certs_store {
+  X509_STORE* store;
+};
+
+struct tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory {
+  const tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_vtable* vtable;
+  gpr_refcount refcount;
+};
+
+struct tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory {
+  tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory base;
+  SSL_CTX* ssl_context;
+  unsigned char* alpn_protocol_list;
+  size_t alpn_protocol_list_length;
+  grpc_core::RefCountedPtr<tsi::SslSessionLRUCache> session_cache;
+  grpc_core::RefCountedPtr<TlsSessionKeyLogger> key_logger;
+};
+
+struct tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory {
+  /* Several contexts to support SNI.
+     The tsi_peer array contains the subject names of the server certificates
+     associated with the contexts at the same index.  */
+  tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory base;
+  SSL_CTX** ssl_contexts;
+  tsi_peer* ssl_context_x509_subject_names;
+  size_t ssl_context_count;
+  unsigned char* alpn_protocol_list;
+  size_t alpn_protocol_list_length;
+  grpc_core::RefCountedPtr<TlsSessionKeyLogger> key_logger;
+};
+
+struct tsi_ssl_handshaker {
+  tsi_handshaker base;
+  SSL* ssl;
+  BIO* network_io;
+  tsi_result result;
+  unsigned char* outgoing_bytes_buffer;
+  size_t outgoing_bytes_buffer_size;
+  tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory* factory_ref;
+};
+struct tsi_ssl_handshaker_result {
+  tsi_handshaker_result base;
+  SSL* ssl;
+  BIO* network_io;
+  unsigned char* unused_bytes;
+  size_t unused_bytes_size;
+};
+struct tsi_ssl_frame_protector {
+  tsi_frame_protector base;
+  SSL* ssl;
+  BIO* network_io;
+  unsigned char* buffer;
+  size_t buffer_size;
+  size_t buffer_offset;
+};
+/* --- Library Initialization. ---*/
+
+static gpr_once g_init_openssl_once = GPR_ONCE_INIT;
+static int g_ssl_ctx_ex_factory_index = -1;
+static const unsigned char kSslSessionIdContext[] = {'g', 'r', 'p', 'c'};
+#if !defined(OPENSSL_IS_BORINGSSL) && !defined(OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE)
+static const char kSslEnginePrefix[] = "engine:";
+#endif
+
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x10100000
+static gpr_mu* g_openssl_mutexes = nullptr;
+static void openssl_locking_cb(int mode, int type, const char* file,
+                               int line) GRPC_UNUSED;
+static unsigned long openssl_thread_id_cb(void) GRPC_UNUSED;
+
+static void openssl_locking_cb(int mode, int type, const char* file, int line) {
+  if (mode & CRYPTO_LOCK) {
+    gpr_mu_lock(&g_openssl_mutexes[type]);
+  } else {
+    gpr_mu_unlock(&g_openssl_mutexes[type]);
+  }
+}
+
+static unsigned long openssl_thread_id_cb(void) {
+  return static_cast<unsigned long>(gpr_thd_currentid());
+}
+#endif
+
+static void init_openssl(void) {
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x10100000
+  OPENSSL_init_ssl(0, nullptr);
+#else
+  SSL_library_init();
+  SSL_load_error_strings();
+  OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
+#endif
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x10100000
+  if (!CRYPTO_get_locking_callback()) {
+    int num_locks = CRYPTO_num_locks();
+    GPR_ASSERT(num_locks > 0);
+    g_openssl_mutexes = static_cast<gpr_mu*>(
+        gpr_malloc(static_cast<size_t>(num_locks) * sizeof(gpr_mu)));
+    for (int i = 0; i < num_locks; i++) {
+      gpr_mu_init(&g_openssl_mutexes[i]);
+    }
+    CRYPTO_set_locking_callback(openssl_locking_cb);
+    CRYPTO_set_id_callback(openssl_thread_id_cb);
+  } else {
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "OpenSSL callback has already been set.");
+  }
+#endif
+  g_ssl_ctx_ex_factory_index =
+      SSL_CTX_get_ex_new_index(0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
+  GPR_ASSERT(g_ssl_ctx_ex_factory_index != -1);
+}
+
+/* --- Ssl utils. ---*/
+
+static const char* ssl_error_string(int error) {
+  switch (error) {
+    case SSL_ERROR_NONE:
+      return "SSL_ERROR_NONE";
+    case SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN:
+      return "SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN";
+    case SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
+      return "SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ";
+    case SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE:
+      return "SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE";
+    case SSL_ERROR_WANT_CONNECT:
+      return "SSL_ERROR_WANT_CONNECT";
+    case SSL_ERROR_WANT_ACCEPT:
+      return "SSL_ERROR_WANT_ACCEPT";
+    case SSL_ERROR_WANT_X509_LOOKUP:
+      return "SSL_ERROR_WANT_X509_LOOKUP";
+    case SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL:
+      return "SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL";
+    case SSL_ERROR_SSL:
+      return "SSL_ERROR_SSL";
+    default:
+      return "Unknown error";
+  }
+}
+
+/* TODO(jboeuf): Remove when we are past the debugging phase with this code. */
+static void ssl_log_where_info(const SSL* ssl, int where, int flag,
+                               const char* msg) {
+  if ((where & flag) && GRPC_TRACE_FLAG_ENABLED(tsi_tracing_enabled)) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "%20.20s - %30.30s  - %5.10s", msg,
+            SSL_state_string_long(ssl), SSL_state_string(ssl));
+  }
+}
+
+/* Used for debugging. TODO(jboeuf): Remove when code is mature enough. */
+static void ssl_info_callback(const SSL* ssl, int where, int ret) {
+  if (ret == 0) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "ssl_info_callback: error occurred.\n");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ssl_log_where_info(ssl, where, SSL_CB_LOOP, "LOOP");
+  ssl_log_where_info(ssl, where, SSL_CB_HANDSHAKE_START, "HANDSHAKE START");
+  ssl_log_where_info(ssl, where, SSL_CB_HANDSHAKE_DONE, "HANDSHAKE DONE");
+}
+
+/* Returns 1 if name looks like an IP address, 0 otherwise.
+   This is a very rough heuristic, and only handles IPv6 in hexadecimal form. */
+static int looks_like_ip_address(absl::string_view name) {
+  size_t dot_count = 0;
+  size_t num_size = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < name.size(); ++i) {
+    if (name[i] == ':') {
+      /* IPv6 Address in hexadecimal form, : is not allowed in DNS names. */
+      return 1;
+    }
+    if (name[i] >= '0' && name[i] <= '9') {
+      if (num_size > 3) return 0;
+      num_size++;
+    } else if (name[i] == '.') {
+      if (dot_count > 3 || num_size == 0) return 0;
+      dot_count++;
+      num_size = 0;
+    } else {
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+  if (dot_count < 3 || num_size == 0) return 0;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/* Gets the subject CN from an X509 cert. */
+static tsi_result ssl_get_x509_common_name(X509* cert, unsigned char** utf8,
+                                           size_t* utf8_size) {
+  int common_name_index = -1;
+  X509_NAME_ENTRY* common_name_entry = nullptr;
+  ASN1_STRING* common_name_asn1 = nullptr;
+  X509_NAME* subject_name = X509_get_subject_name(cert);
+  int utf8_returned_size = 0;
+  if (subject_name == nullptr) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "Could not get subject name from certificate.");
+    return TSI_NOT_FOUND;
+  }
+  common_name_index =
+      X509_NAME_get_index_by_NID(subject_name, NID_commonName, -1);
+  if (common_name_index == -1) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "Could not get common name of subject from certificate.");
+    return TSI_NOT_FOUND;
+  }
+  common_name_entry = X509_NAME_get_entry(subject_name, common_name_index);
+  if (common_name_entry == nullptr) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Could not get common name entry from certificate.");
+    return TSI_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+  }
+  common_name_asn1 = X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_data(common_name_entry);
+  if (common_name_asn1 == nullptr) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
+            "Could not get common name entry asn1 from certificate.");
+    return TSI_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+  }
+  utf8_returned_size = ASN1_STRING_to_UTF8(utf8, common_name_asn1);
+  if (utf8_returned_size < 0) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Could not extract utf8 from asn1 string.");
+    return TSI_OUT_OF_RESOURCES;
+  }
+  *utf8_size = static_cast<size_t>(utf8_returned_size);
+  return TSI_OK;
+}
+
+/* Gets the subject CN of an X509 cert as a tsi_peer_property. */
+static tsi_result peer_property_from_x509_common_name(
+    X509* cert, tsi_peer_property* property) {
+  unsigned char* common_name;
+  size_t common_name_size;
+  tsi_result result =
+      ssl_get_x509_common_name(cert, &common_name, &common_name_size);
+  if (result != TSI_OK) {
+    if (result == TSI_NOT_FOUND) {
+      common_name = nullptr;
+      common_name_size = 0;
+    } else {
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+  result = tsi_construct_string_peer_property(
+      TSI_X509_SUBJECT_COMMON_NAME_PEER_PROPERTY,
+      common_name == nullptr ? "" : reinterpret_cast<const char*>(common_name),
+      common_name_size, property);
+  OPENSSL_free(common_name);
+  return result;
+}
+
+/* Gets the subject of an X509 cert as a tsi_peer_property. */
+static tsi_result peer_property_from_x509_subject(X509* cert,
+                                                  tsi_peer_property* property) {
+  X509_NAME* subject_name = X509_get_subject_name(cert);
+  if (subject_name == nullptr) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "Could not get subject name from certificate.");
+    return TSI_NOT_FOUND;
+  }
+  BIO* bio = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
+  X509_NAME_print_ex(bio, subject_name, 0, XN_FLAG_RFC2253);
+  char* contents;
+  long len = BIO_get_mem_data(bio, &contents);
+  if (len < 0) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Could not get subject entry from certificate.");
+    BIO_free(bio);
+    return TSI_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+  }
+  tsi_result result = tsi_construct_string_peer_property(
+      TSI_X509_SUBJECT_PEER_PROPERTY, contents, static_cast<size_t>(len),
+      property);
+  BIO_free(bio);
+  return result;
+}
+
+/* Gets the X509 cert in PEM format as a tsi_peer_property. */
+static tsi_result add_pem_certificate(X509* cert, tsi_peer_property* property) {
+  BIO* bio = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
+  if (!PEM_write_bio_X509(bio, cert)) {
+    BIO_free(bio);
+    return TSI_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+  }
+  char* contents;
+  long len = BIO_get_mem_data(bio, &contents);
+  if (len <= 0) {
+    BIO_free(bio);
+    return TSI_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+  }
+  tsi_result result = tsi_construct_string_peer_property(
+      TSI_X509_PEM_CERT_PROPERTY, contents, static_cast<size_t>(len), property);
+  BIO_free(bio);
+  return result;
+}
+
+/* Gets the subject SANs from an X509 cert as a tsi_peer_property. */
+static tsi_result add_subject_alt_names_properties_to_peer(
+    tsi_peer* peer, GENERAL_NAMES* subject_alt_names,
+    size_t subject_alt_name_count, int* current_insert_index) {
+  size_t i;
+  tsi_result result = TSI_OK;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < subject_alt_name_count; i++) {
+    GENERAL_NAME* subject_alt_name =
+        sk_GENERAL_NAME_value(subject_alt_names, TSI_SIZE_AS_SIZE(i));
+    if (subject_alt_name->type == GEN_DNS ||
+        subject_alt_name->type == GEN_EMAIL ||
+        subject_alt_name->type == GEN_URI) {
+      unsigned char* name = nullptr;
+      int name_size;
+      std::string property_name;
+      if (subject_alt_name->type == GEN_DNS) {
+        name_size = ASN1_STRING_to_UTF8(&name, subject_alt_name->d.dNSName);
+        property_name = TSI_X509_DNS_PEER_PROPERTY;
+      } else if (subject_alt_name->type == GEN_EMAIL) {
+        name_size = ASN1_STRING_to_UTF8(&name, subject_alt_name->d.rfc822Name);
+        property_name = TSI_X509_EMAIL_PEER_PROPERTY;
+      } else {
+        name_size = ASN1_STRING_to_UTF8(
+            &name, subject_alt_name->d.uniformResourceIdentifier);
+        property_name = TSI_X509_URI_PEER_PROPERTY;
+      }
+      if (name_size < 0) {
+        gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Could not get utf8 from asn1 string.");
+        result = TSI_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        break;
+      }
+      result = tsi_construct_string_peer_property(
+          TSI_X509_SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME_PEER_PROPERTY,
+          reinterpret_cast<const char*>(name), static_cast<size_t>(name_size),
+          &peer->properties[(*current_insert_index)++]);
+      if (result != TSI_OK) {
+        OPENSSL_free(name);
+        break;
+      }
+      result = tsi_construct_string_peer_property(
+          property_name.c_str(), reinterpret_cast<const char*>(name),
+          static_cast<size_t>(name_size),
+          &peer->properties[(*current_insert_index)++]);
+      OPENSSL_free(name);
+    } else if (subject_alt_name->type == GEN_IPADD) {
+      char ntop_buf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
+      int af;
+
+      if (subject_alt_name->d.iPAddress->length == 4) {
+        af = AF_INET;
+      } else if (subject_alt_name->d.iPAddress->length == 16) {
+        af = AF_INET6;
+      } else {
+        gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "SAN IP Address contained invalid IP");
+        result = TSI_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        break;
+      }
+      const char* name = inet_ntop(af, subject_alt_name->d.iPAddress->data,
+                                   ntop_buf, INET6_ADDRSTRLEN);
+      if (name == nullptr) {
+        gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Could not get IP string from asn1 octet.");
+        result = TSI_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      result = tsi_construct_string_peer_property_from_cstring(
+          TSI_X509_SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME_PEER_PROPERTY, name,
+          &peer->properties[(*current_insert_index)++]);
+      if (result != TSI_OK) break;
+      result = tsi_construct_string_peer_property_from_cstring(
+          TSI_X509_IP_PEER_PROPERTY, name,
+          &peer->properties[(*current_insert_index)++]);
+    } else {
+      result = tsi_construct_string_peer_property_from_cstring(
+          TSI_X509_SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME_PEER_PROPERTY, "other types of SAN",
+          &peer->properties[(*current_insert_index)++]);
+    }
+    if (result != TSI_OK) break;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+/* Gets information about the peer's X509 cert as a tsi_peer object. */
+static tsi_result peer_from_x509(X509* cert, int include_certificate_type,
+                                 tsi_peer* peer) {
+  /* TODO(jboeuf): Maybe add more properties. */
+  GENERAL_NAMES* subject_alt_names = static_cast<GENERAL_NAMES*>(
+      X509_get_ext_d2i(cert, NID_subject_alt_name, nullptr, nullptr));
+  int subject_alt_name_count =
+      (subject_alt_names != nullptr)
+          ? static_cast<int>(sk_GENERAL_NAME_num(subject_alt_names))
+          : 0;
+  size_t property_count;
+  tsi_result result;
+  GPR_ASSERT(subject_alt_name_count >= 0);
+  property_count = (include_certificate_type ? static_cast<size_t>(1) : 0) +
+                   3 /* subject, common name, certificate */ +
+                   static_cast<size_t>(subject_alt_name_count);
+  for (int i = 0; i < subject_alt_name_count; i++) {
+    GENERAL_NAME* subject_alt_name =
+        sk_GENERAL_NAME_value(subject_alt_names, TSI_SIZE_AS_SIZE(i));
+    // TODO(zhenlian): Clean up tsi_peer to avoid duplicate entries.
+    // URI, DNS, email and ip address SAN fields are plumbed to tsi_peer, in
+    // addition to all SAN fields (results in duplicate values). This code
+    // snippet updates property_count accordingly.
+    if (subject_alt_name->type == GEN_URI ||
+        subject_alt_name->type == GEN_DNS ||
+        subject_alt_name->type == GEN_EMAIL ||
+        subject_alt_name->type == GEN_IPADD) {
+      property_count += 1;
+    }
+  }
+  result = tsi_construct_peer(property_count, peer);
+  if (result != TSI_OK) return result;
+  int current_insert_index = 0;
+  do {
+    if (include_certificate_type) {
+      result = tsi_construct_string_peer_property_from_cstring(
+          TSI_CERTIFICATE_TYPE_PEER_PROPERTY, TSI_X509_CERTIFICATE_TYPE,
+          &peer->properties[current_insert_index++]);
+      if (result != TSI_OK) break;
+    }
+
+    result = peer_property_from_x509_subject(
+        cert, &peer->properties[current_insert_index++]);
+    if (result != TSI_OK) break;
+
+    result = peer_property_from_x509_common_name(
+        cert, &peer->properties[current_insert_index++]);
+    if (result != TSI_OK) break;
+
+    result =
+        add_pem_certificate(cert, &peer->properties[current_insert_index++]);
+    if (result != TSI_OK) break;
+
+    if (subject_alt_name_count != 0) {
+      result = add_subject_alt_names_properties_to_peer(
+          peer, subject_alt_names, static_cast<size_t>(subject_alt_name_count),
+          &current_insert_index);
+      if (result != TSI_OK) break;
+    }
+  } while (false);
+
+  if (subject_alt_names != nullptr) {
+    sk_GENERAL_NAME_pop_free(subject_alt_names, GENERAL_NAME_free);
+  }
+  if (result != TSI_OK) tsi_peer_destruct(peer);
+
+  GPR_ASSERT((int)peer->property_count == current_insert_index);
+  return result;
+}
+
+/* Logs the SSL error stack. */
+static void log_ssl_error_stack(void) {
+  unsigned long err;
+  while ((err = ERR_get_error()) != 0) {
+    char details[256];
+    ERR_error_string_n(static_cast<uint32_t>(err), details, sizeof(details));
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "%s", details);
+  }
+}
+
+/* Performs an SSL_read and handle errors. */
+static tsi_result do_ssl_read(SSL* ssl, unsigned char* unprotected_bytes,
+                              size_t* unprotected_bytes_size) {
+  GPR_ASSERT(*unprotected_bytes_size <= INT_MAX);
+  ERR_clear_error();
+  int read_from_ssl = SSL_read(ssl, unprotected_bytes,
+                               static_cast<int>(*unprotected_bytes_size));
+  if (read_from_ssl <= 0) {
+    read_from_ssl = SSL_get_error(ssl, read_from_ssl);
+    switch (read_from_ssl) {
+      case SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN: /* Received a close_notify alert. */
+      case SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:   /* We need more data to finish the frame. */
+        *unprotected_bytes_size = 0;
+        return TSI_OK;
+      case SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE:
+        gpr_log(
+            GPR_ERROR,
+            "Peer tried to renegotiate SSL connection. This is unsupported.");
+        return TSI_UNIMPLEMENTED;
+      case SSL_ERROR_SSL:
+        gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Corruption detected.");
+        log_ssl_error_stack();
+        return TSI_DATA_CORRUPTED;
+      default:
+        gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "SSL_read failed with error %s.",
+                ssl_error_string(read_from_ssl));
+        return TSI_PROTOCOL_FAILURE;
+    }
+  }
+  *unprotected_bytes_size = static_cast<size_t>(read_from_ssl);
+  return TSI_OK;
+}
+
+/* Performs an SSL_write and handle errors. */
+static tsi_result do_ssl_write(SSL* ssl, unsigned char* unprotected_bytes,
+                               size_t unprotected_bytes_size) {
+  GPR_ASSERT(unprotected_bytes_size <= INT_MAX);
+  ERR_clear_error();
+  int ssl_write_result = SSL_write(ssl, unprotected_bytes,
+                                   static_cast<int>(unprotected_bytes_size));
+  if (ssl_write_result < 0) {
+    ssl_write_result = SSL_get_error(ssl, ssl_write_result);
+    if (ssl_write_result == SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
+              "Peer tried to renegotiate SSL connection. This is unsupported.");
+      return TSI_UNIMPLEMENTED;
+    } else {
+      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "SSL_write failed with error %s.",
+              ssl_error_string(ssl_write_result));
+      return TSI_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+    }
+  }
+  return TSI_OK;
+}
+
+/* Loads an in-memory PEM certificate chain into the SSL context. */
+static tsi_result ssl_ctx_use_certificate_chain(SSL_CTX* context,
+                                                const char* pem_cert_chain,
+                                                size_t pem_cert_chain_size) {
+  tsi_result result = TSI_OK;
+  X509* certificate = nullptr;
+  BIO* pem;
+  GPR_ASSERT(pem_cert_chain_size <= INT_MAX);
+  pem = BIO_new_mem_buf(pem_cert_chain, static_cast<int>(pem_cert_chain_size));
+  if (pem == nullptr) return TSI_OUT_OF_RESOURCES;
+
+  do {
+    certificate =
+        PEM_read_bio_X509_AUX(pem, nullptr, nullptr, const_cast<char*>(""));
+    if (certificate == nullptr) {
+      result = TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+      break;
+    }
+    if (!SSL_CTX_use_certificate(context, certificate)) {
+      result = TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+      break;
+    }
+    while (true) {
+      X509* certificate_authority =
+          PEM_read_bio_X509(pem, nullptr, nullptr, const_cast<char*>(""));
+      if (certificate_authority == nullptr) {
+        ERR_clear_error();
+        break; /* Done reading. */
+      }
+      if (!SSL_CTX_add_extra_chain_cert(context, certificate_authority)) {
+        X509_free(certificate_authority);
+        result = TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+        break;
+      }
+      /* We don't need to free certificate_authority as its ownership has been
+         transferred to the context. That is not the case for certificate
+         though.
+       */
+    }
+  } while (false);
+
+  if (certificate != nullptr) X509_free(certificate);
+  BIO_free(pem);
+  return result;
+}
+
+#if !defined(OPENSSL_IS_BORINGSSL) && !defined(OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE)
+static tsi_result ssl_ctx_use_engine_private_key(SSL_CTX* context,
+                                                 const char* pem_key,
+                                                 size_t pem_key_size) {
+  tsi_result result = TSI_OK;
+  EVP_PKEY* private_key = nullptr;
+  ENGINE* engine = nullptr;
+  char* engine_name = nullptr;
+  // Parse key which is in following format engine:<engine_id>:<key_id>
+  do {
+    char* engine_start = (char*)pem_key + strlen(kSslEnginePrefix);
+    char* engine_end = (char*)strchr(engine_start, ':');
+    if (engine_end == nullptr) {
+      result = TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+      break;
+    }
+    char* key_id = engine_end + 1;
+    int engine_name_length = engine_end - engine_start;
+    if (engine_name_length == 0) {
+      result = TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+      break;
+    }
+    engine_name = static_cast<char*>(gpr_zalloc(engine_name_length + 1));
+    memcpy(engine_name, engine_start, engine_name_length);
+    gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "ENGINE key: %s", engine_name);
+    ENGINE_load_dynamic();
+    engine = ENGINE_by_id(engine_name);
+    if (engine == nullptr) {
+      // If not available at ENGINE_DIR, use dynamic to load from
+      // current working directory.
+      engine = ENGINE_by_id("dynamic");
+      if (engine == nullptr) {
+        gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Cannot load dynamic engine");
+        result = TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+        break;
+      }
+      if (!ENGINE_ctrl_cmd_string(engine, "ID", engine_name, 0) ||
+          !ENGINE_ctrl_cmd_string(engine, "DIR_LOAD", "2", 0) ||
+          !ENGINE_ctrl_cmd_string(engine, "DIR_ADD", ".", 0) ||
+          !ENGINE_ctrl_cmd_string(engine, "LIST_ADD", "1", 0) ||
+          !ENGINE_ctrl_cmd_string(engine, "LOAD", NULL, 0)) {
+        gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Cannot find engine");
+        result = TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (!ENGINE_set_default(engine, ENGINE_METHOD_ALL)) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "ENGINE_set_default with ENGINE_METHOD_ALL failed");
+      result = TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+      break;
+    }
+    if (!ENGINE_init(engine)) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "ENGINE_init failed");
+      result = TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+      break;
+    }
+    private_key = ENGINE_load_private_key(engine, key_id, 0, 0);
+    if (private_key == nullptr) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "ENGINE_load_private_key failed");
+      result = TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+      break;
+    }
+    if (!SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey(context, private_key)) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey failed");
+      result = TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+      break;
+    }
+  } while (0);
+  if (engine != nullptr) ENGINE_free(engine);
+  if (private_key != nullptr) EVP_PKEY_free(private_key);
+  if (engine_name != nullptr) gpr_free(engine_name);
+  return result;
+}
+#endif /* !defined(OPENSSL_IS_BORINGSSL) && !defined(OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE) */
+
+static tsi_result ssl_ctx_use_pem_private_key(SSL_CTX* context,
+                                              const char* pem_key,
+                                              size_t pem_key_size) {
+  tsi_result result = TSI_OK;
+  EVP_PKEY* private_key = nullptr;
+  BIO* pem;
+  GPR_ASSERT(pem_key_size <= INT_MAX);
+  pem = BIO_new_mem_buf(pem_key, static_cast<int>(pem_key_size));
+  if (pem == nullptr) return TSI_OUT_OF_RESOURCES;
+  do {
+    private_key =
+        PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey(pem, nullptr, nullptr, const_cast<char*>(""));
+    if (private_key == nullptr) {
+      result = TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+      break;
+    }
+    if (!SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey(context, private_key)) {
+      result = TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+      break;
+    }
+  } while (false);
+  if (private_key != nullptr) EVP_PKEY_free(private_key);
+  BIO_free(pem);
+  return result;
+}
+
+/* Loads an in-memory PEM private key into the SSL context. */
+static tsi_result ssl_ctx_use_private_key(SSL_CTX* context, const char* pem_key,
+                                          size_t pem_key_size) {
+// BoringSSL does not have ENGINE support
+#if !defined(OPENSSL_IS_BORINGSSL) && !defined(OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE)
+  if (strncmp(pem_key, kSslEnginePrefix, strlen(kSslEnginePrefix)) == 0) {
+    return ssl_ctx_use_engine_private_key(context, pem_key, pem_key_size);
+  } else
+#endif /* !defined(OPENSSL_IS_BORINGSSL) && !defined(OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE) */
+  {
+    return ssl_ctx_use_pem_private_key(context, pem_key, pem_key_size);
+  }
+}
+
+/* Loads in-memory PEM verification certs into the SSL context and optionally
+   returns the verification cert names (root_names can be NULL). */
+static tsi_result x509_store_load_certs(X509_STORE* cert_store,
+                                        const char* pem_roots,
+                                        size_t pem_roots_size,
+                                        STACK_OF(X509_NAME) * *root_names) {
+  tsi_result result = TSI_OK;
+  size_t num_roots = 0;
+  X509* root = nullptr;
+  X509_NAME* root_name = nullptr;
+  BIO* pem;
+  GPR_ASSERT(pem_roots_size <= INT_MAX);
+  pem = BIO_new_mem_buf(pem_roots, static_cast<int>(pem_roots_size));
+  if (cert_store == nullptr) return TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  if (pem == nullptr) return TSI_OUT_OF_RESOURCES;
+  if (root_names != nullptr) {
+    *root_names = sk_X509_NAME_new_null();
+    if (*root_names == nullptr) return TSI_OUT_OF_RESOURCES;
+  }
+
+  while (true) {
+    root = PEM_read_bio_X509_AUX(pem, nullptr, nullptr, const_cast<char*>(""));
+    if (root == nullptr) {
+      ERR_clear_error();
+      break; /* We're at the end of stream. */
+    }
+    if (root_names != nullptr) {
+      root_name = X509_get_subject_name(root);
+      if (root_name == nullptr) {
+        gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Could not get name from root certificate.");
+        result = TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+        break;
+      }
+      root_name = X509_NAME_dup(root_name);
+      if (root_name == nullptr) {
+        result = TSI_OUT_OF_RESOURCES;
+        break;
+      }
+      sk_X509_NAME_push(*root_names, root_name);
+      root_name = nullptr;
+    }
+    ERR_clear_error();
+    if (!X509_STORE_add_cert(cert_store, root)) {
+      unsigned long error = ERR_get_error();
+      if (ERR_GET_LIB(error) != ERR_LIB_X509 ||
+          ERR_GET_REASON(error) != X509_R_CERT_ALREADY_IN_HASH_TABLE) {
+        gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Could not add root certificate to ssl context.");
+        result = TSI_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    X509_free(root);
+    num_roots++;
+  }
+  if (num_roots == 0) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Could not load any root certificate.");
+    result = TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+
+  if (result != TSI_OK) {
+    if (root != nullptr) X509_free(root);
+    if (root_names != nullptr) {
+      sk_X509_NAME_pop_free(*root_names, X509_NAME_free);
+      *root_names = nullptr;
+      if (root_name != nullptr) X509_NAME_free(root_name);
+    }
+  }
+  BIO_free(pem);
+  return result;
+}
+
+static tsi_result ssl_ctx_load_verification_certs(SSL_CTX* context,
+                                                  const char* pem_roots,
+                                                  size_t pem_roots_size,
+                                                  STACK_OF(X509_NAME) *
+                                                      *root_name) {
+  X509_STORE* cert_store = SSL_CTX_get_cert_store(context);
+  X509_STORE_set_flags(cert_store,
+                       X509_V_FLAG_PARTIAL_CHAIN | X509_V_FLAG_TRUSTED_FIRST);
+  return x509_store_load_certs(cert_store, pem_roots, pem_roots_size,
+                               root_name);
+}
+
+/* Populates the SSL context with a private key and a cert chain, and sets the
+   cipher list and the ephemeral ECDH key. */
+static tsi_result populate_ssl_context(
+    SSL_CTX* context, const tsi_ssl_pem_key_cert_pair* key_cert_pair,
+    const char* cipher_list) {
+  tsi_result result = TSI_OK;
+  if (key_cert_pair != nullptr) {
+    if (key_cert_pair->cert_chain != nullptr) {
+      result = ssl_ctx_use_certificate_chain(context, key_cert_pair->cert_chain,
+                                             strlen(key_cert_pair->cert_chain));
+      if (result != TSI_OK) {
+        gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Invalid cert chain file.");
+        return result;
+      }
+    }
+    if (key_cert_pair->private_key != nullptr) {
+      result = ssl_ctx_use_private_key(context, key_cert_pair->private_key,
+                                       strlen(key_cert_pair->private_key));
+      if (result != TSI_OK || !SSL_CTX_check_private_key(context)) {
+        gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Invalid private key.");
+        return result != TSI_OK ? result : TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if ((cipher_list != nullptr) &&
+      !SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list(context, cipher_list)) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Invalid cipher list: %s.", cipher_list);
+    return TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+  {
+    EC_KEY* ecdh = EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name(NID_X9_62_prime256v1);
+    if (!SSL_CTX_set_tmp_ecdh(context, ecdh)) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Could not set ephemeral ECDH key.");
+      EC_KEY_free(ecdh);
+      return TSI_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+    }
+    SSL_CTX_set_options(context, SSL_OP_SINGLE_ECDH_USE);
+    EC_KEY_free(ecdh);
+  }
+  return TSI_OK;
+}
+
+/* Extracts the CN and the SANs from an X509 cert as a peer object. */
+tsi_result tsi_ssl_extract_x509_subject_names_from_pem_cert(
+    const char* pem_cert, tsi_peer* peer) {
+  tsi_result result = TSI_OK;
+  X509* cert = nullptr;
+  BIO* pem;
+  pem = BIO_new_mem_buf(pem_cert, static_cast<int>(strlen(pem_cert)));
+  if (pem == nullptr) return TSI_OUT_OF_RESOURCES;
+
+  cert = PEM_read_bio_X509(pem, nullptr, nullptr, const_cast<char*>(""));
+  if (cert == nullptr) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Invalid certificate");
+    result = TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  } else {
+    result = peer_from_x509(cert, 0, peer);
+  }
+  if (cert != nullptr) X509_free(cert);
+  BIO_free(pem);
+  return result;
+}
+
+/* Builds the alpn protocol name list according to rfc 7301. */
+static tsi_result build_alpn_protocol_name_list(
+    const char** alpn_protocols, uint16_t num_alpn_protocols,
+    unsigned char** protocol_name_list, size_t* protocol_name_list_length) {
+  uint16_t i;
+  unsigned char* current;
+  *protocol_name_list = nullptr;
+  *protocol_name_list_length = 0;
+  if (num_alpn_protocols == 0) return TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  for (i = 0; i < num_alpn_protocols; i++) {
+    size_t length =
+        alpn_protocols[i] == nullptr ? 0 : strlen(alpn_protocols[i]);
+    if (length == 0 || length > 255) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Invalid protocol name length: %d.",
+              static_cast<int>(length));
+      return TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+    }
+    *protocol_name_list_length += length + 1;
+  }
+  *protocol_name_list =
+      static_cast<unsigned char*>(gpr_malloc(*protocol_name_list_length));
+  if (*protocol_name_list == nullptr) return TSI_OUT_OF_RESOURCES;
+  current = *protocol_name_list;
+  for (i = 0; i < num_alpn_protocols; i++) {
+    size_t length = strlen(alpn_protocols[i]);
+    *(current++) = static_cast<uint8_t>(length); /* max checked above. */
+    memcpy(current, alpn_protocols[i], length);
+    current += length;
+  }
+  /* Safety check. */
+  if ((current < *protocol_name_list) ||
+      (static_cast<uintptr_t>(current - *protocol_name_list) !=
+       *protocol_name_list_length)) {
+    return TSI_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+  }
+  return TSI_OK;
+}
+
+// The verification callback is used for clients that don't really care about
+// the server's certificate, but we need to pull it anyway, in case a higher
+// layer wants to look at it. In this case the verification may fail, but
+// we don't really care.
+static int NullVerifyCallback(int /*preverify_ok*/, X509_STORE_CTX* /*ctx*/) {
+  return 1;
+}
+
+// Sets the min and max TLS version of |ssl_context| to |min_tls_version| and
+// |max_tls_version|, respectively. Calling this method is a no-op when using
+// OpenSSL versions < 1.1.
+static tsi_result tsi_set_min_and_max_tls_versions(
+    SSL_CTX* ssl_context, tsi_tls_version min_tls_version,
+    tsi_tls_version max_tls_version) {
+  if (ssl_context == nullptr) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+            "Invalid nullptr argument to |tsi_set_min_and_max_tls_versions|.");
+    return TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x10100000
+  // Set the min TLS version of the SSL context if using OpenSSL version
+  // >= 1.1.0. This OpenSSL version is required because the
+  // |SSL_CTX_set_min_proto_version| and |SSL_CTX_set_max_proto_version| APIs
+  // only exist in this version range.
+  switch (min_tls_version) {
+    case tsi_tls_version::TSI_TLS1_2:
+      SSL_CTX_set_min_proto_version(ssl_context, TLS1_2_VERSION);
+      break;
+#if defined(TLS1_3_VERSION)
+    // If the library does not support TLS 1.3 and the caller requests a minimum
+    // of TLS 1.3, then return an error because the caller's request cannot be
+    // satisfied.
+    case tsi_tls_version::TSI_TLS1_3:
+      SSL_CTX_set_min_proto_version(ssl_context, TLS1_3_VERSION);
+      break;
+#endif
+    default:
+      gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "TLS version is not supported.");
+      return TSI_FAILED_PRECONDITION;
+  }
+
+  // Set the max TLS version of the SSL context.
+  switch (max_tls_version) {
+    case tsi_tls_version::TSI_TLS1_2:
+      SSL_CTX_set_max_proto_version(ssl_context, TLS1_2_VERSION);
+      break;
+    case tsi_tls_version::TSI_TLS1_3:
+#if defined(TLS1_3_VERSION)
+      SSL_CTX_set_max_proto_version(ssl_context, TLS1_3_VERSION);
+#else
+      // If the library does not support TLS 1.3, then set the max TLS version
+      // to TLS 1.2 instead.
+      SSL_CTX_set_max_proto_version(ssl_context, TLS1_2_VERSION);
+#endif
+      break;
+    default:
+      gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "TLS version is not supported.");
+      return TSI_FAILED_PRECONDITION;
+  }
+#endif
+  return TSI_OK;
+}
+
+/* --- tsi_ssl_root_certs_store methods implementation. ---*/
+
+tsi_ssl_root_certs_store* tsi_ssl_root_certs_store_create(
+    const char* pem_roots) {
+  if (pem_roots == nullptr) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "The root certificates are empty.");
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  tsi_ssl_root_certs_store* root_store = static_cast<tsi_ssl_root_certs_store*>(
+      gpr_zalloc(sizeof(tsi_ssl_root_certs_store)));
+  if (root_store == nullptr) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Could not allocate buffer for ssl_root_certs_store.");
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  root_store->store = X509_STORE_new();
+  if (root_store->store == nullptr) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Could not allocate buffer for X509_STORE.");
+    gpr_free(root_store);
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  tsi_result result = x509_store_load_certs(root_store->store, pem_roots,
+                                            strlen(pem_roots), nullptr);
+  if (result != TSI_OK) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Could not load root certificates.");
+    X509_STORE_free(root_store->store);
+    gpr_free(root_store);
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  return root_store;
+}
+
+void tsi_ssl_root_certs_store_destroy(tsi_ssl_root_certs_store* self) {
+  if (self == nullptr) return;
+  X509_STORE_free(self->store);
+  gpr_free(self);
+}
+
+/* --- tsi_ssl_session_cache methods implementation. ---*/
+
+tsi_ssl_session_cache* tsi_ssl_session_cache_create_lru(size_t capacity) {
+  /* Pointer will be dereferenced by unref call. */
+  return reinterpret_cast<tsi_ssl_session_cache*>(
+      tsi::SslSessionLRUCache::Create(capacity).release());
+}
+
+void tsi_ssl_session_cache_ref(tsi_ssl_session_cache* cache) {
+  /* Pointer will be dereferenced by unref call. */
+  reinterpret_cast<tsi::SslSessionLRUCache*>(cache)->Ref().release();
+}
+
+void tsi_ssl_session_cache_unref(tsi_ssl_session_cache* cache) {
+  reinterpret_cast<tsi::SslSessionLRUCache*>(cache)->Unref();
+}
+
+/* --- tsi_frame_protector methods implementation. ---*/
+
+static tsi_result ssl_protector_protect(tsi_frame_protector* self,
+                                        const unsigned char* unprotected_bytes,
+                                        size_t* unprotected_bytes_size,
+                                        unsigned char* protected_output_frames,
+                                        size_t* protected_output_frames_size) {
+  tsi_ssl_frame_protector* impl =
+      reinterpret_cast<tsi_ssl_frame_protector*>(self);
+  int read_from_ssl;
+  size_t available;
+  tsi_result result = TSI_OK;
+
+  /* First see if we have some pending data in the SSL BIO. */
+  int pending_in_ssl = static_cast<int>(BIO_pending(impl->network_io));
+  if (pending_in_ssl > 0) {
+    *unprotected_bytes_size = 0;
+    GPR_ASSERT(*protected_output_frames_size <= INT_MAX);
+    read_from_ssl = BIO_read(impl->network_io, protected_output_frames,
+                             static_cast<int>(*protected_output_frames_size));
+    if (read_from_ssl < 0) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
+              "Could not read from BIO even though some data is pending");
+      return TSI_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+    }
+    *protected_output_frames_size = static_cast<size_t>(read_from_ssl);
+    return TSI_OK;
+  }
+
+  /* Now see if we can send a complete frame. */
+  available = impl->buffer_size - impl->buffer_offset;
+  if (available > *unprotected_bytes_size) {
+    /* If we cannot, just copy the data in our internal buffer. */
+    memcpy(impl->buffer + impl->buffer_offset, unprotected_bytes,
+           *unprotected_bytes_size);
+    impl->buffer_offset += *unprotected_bytes_size;
+    *protected_output_frames_size = 0;
+    return TSI_OK;
+  }
+
+  /* If we can, prepare the buffer, send it to SSL_write and read. */
+  memcpy(impl->buffer + impl->buffer_offset, unprotected_bytes, available);
+  result = do_ssl_write(impl->ssl, impl->buffer, impl->buffer_size);
+  if (result != TSI_OK) return result;
+
+  GPR_ASSERT(*protected_output_frames_size <= INT_MAX);
+  read_from_ssl = BIO_read(impl->network_io, protected_output_frames,
+                           static_cast<int>(*protected_output_frames_size));
+  if (read_from_ssl < 0) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Could not read from BIO after SSL_write.");
+    return TSI_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+  }
+  *protected_output_frames_size = static_cast<size_t>(read_from_ssl);
+  *unprotected_bytes_size = available;
+  impl->buffer_offset = 0;
+  return TSI_OK;
+}
+
+static tsi_result ssl_protector_protect_flush(
+    tsi_frame_protector* self, unsigned char* protected_output_frames,
+    size_t* protected_output_frames_size, size_t* still_pending_size) {
+  tsi_result result = TSI_OK;
+  tsi_ssl_frame_protector* impl =
+      reinterpret_cast<tsi_ssl_frame_protector*>(self);
+  int read_from_ssl = 0;
+  int pending;
+
+  if (impl->buffer_offset != 0) {
+    result = do_ssl_write(impl->ssl, impl->buffer, impl->buffer_offset);
+    if (result != TSI_OK) return result;
+    impl->buffer_offset = 0;
+  }
+
+  pending = static_cast<int>(BIO_pending(impl->network_io));
+  GPR_ASSERT(pending >= 0);
+  *still_pending_size = static_cast<size_t>(pending);
+  if (*still_pending_size == 0) return TSI_OK;
+
+  GPR_ASSERT(*protected_output_frames_size <= INT_MAX);
+  read_from_ssl = BIO_read(impl->network_io, protected_output_frames,
+                           static_cast<int>(*protected_output_frames_size));
+  if (read_from_ssl <= 0) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Could not read from BIO after SSL_write.");
+    return TSI_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+  }
+  *protected_output_frames_size = static_cast<size_t>(read_from_ssl);
+  pending = static_cast<int>(BIO_pending(impl->network_io));
+  GPR_ASSERT(pending >= 0);
+  *still_pending_size = static_cast<size_t>(pending);
+  return TSI_OK;
+}
+
+static tsi_result ssl_protector_unprotect(
+    tsi_frame_protector* self, const unsigned char* protected_frames_bytes,
+    size_t* protected_frames_bytes_size, unsigned char* unprotected_bytes,
+    size_t* unprotected_bytes_size) {
+  tsi_result result = TSI_OK;
+  int written_into_ssl = 0;
+  size_t output_bytes_size = *unprotected_bytes_size;
+  size_t output_bytes_offset = 0;
+  tsi_ssl_frame_protector* impl =
+      reinterpret_cast<tsi_ssl_frame_protector*>(self);
+
+  /* First, try to read remaining data from ssl. */
+  result = do_ssl_read(impl->ssl, unprotected_bytes, unprotected_bytes_size);
+  if (result != TSI_OK) return result;
+  if (*unprotected_bytes_size == output_bytes_size) {
+    /* We have read everything we could and cannot process any more input. */
+    *protected_frames_bytes_size = 0;
+    return TSI_OK;
+  }
+  output_bytes_offset = *unprotected_bytes_size;
+  unprotected_bytes += output_bytes_offset;
+  *unprotected_bytes_size = output_bytes_size - output_bytes_offset;
+
+  /* Then, try to write some data to ssl. */
+  GPR_ASSERT(*protected_frames_bytes_size <= INT_MAX);
+  written_into_ssl = BIO_write(impl->network_io, protected_frames_bytes,
+                               static_cast<int>(*protected_frames_bytes_size));
+  if (written_into_ssl < 0) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Sending protected frame to ssl failed with %d",
+            written_into_ssl);
+    return TSI_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+  }
+  *protected_frames_bytes_size = static_cast<size_t>(written_into_ssl);
+
+  /* Now try to read some data again. */
+  result = do_ssl_read(impl->ssl, unprotected_bytes, unprotected_bytes_size);
+  if (result == TSI_OK) {
+    /* Don't forget to output the total number of bytes read. */
+    *unprotected_bytes_size += output_bytes_offset;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+static void ssl_protector_destroy(tsi_frame_protector* self) {
+  tsi_ssl_frame_protector* impl =
+      reinterpret_cast<tsi_ssl_frame_protector*>(self);
+  if (impl->buffer != nullptr) gpr_free(impl->buffer);
+  if (impl->ssl != nullptr) SSL_free(impl->ssl);
+  if (impl->network_io != nullptr) BIO_free(impl->network_io);
+  gpr_free(self);
+}
+
+static const tsi_frame_protector_vtable frame_protector_vtable = {
+    ssl_protector_protect,
+    ssl_protector_protect_flush,
+    ssl_protector_unprotect,
+    ssl_protector_destroy,
+};
+
+/* --- tsi_server_handshaker_factory methods implementation. --- */
+
+static void tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_destroy(
+    tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory* factory) {
+  if (factory == nullptr) return;
+
+  if (factory->vtable != nullptr && factory->vtable->destroy != nullptr) {
+    factory->vtable->destroy(factory);
+  }
+  /* Note, we don't free(self) here because this object is always directly
+   * embedded in another object. If tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_init allocates
+   * any memory, it should be free'd here. */
+}
+
+static tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory* tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_ref(
+    tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory* factory) {
+  if (factory == nullptr) return nullptr;
+  gpr_refn(&factory->refcount, 1);
+  return factory;
+}
+
+static void tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_unref(
+    tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory* factory) {
+  if (factory == nullptr) return;
+
+  if (gpr_unref(&factory->refcount)) {
+    tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_destroy(factory);
+  }
+}
+
+static tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_vtable handshaker_factory_vtable = {nullptr};
+
+/* Initializes a tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory object. Caller is responsible for
+ * allocating memory for the factory. */
+static void tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_init(
+    tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory* factory) {
+  GPR_ASSERT(factory != nullptr);
+
+  factory->vtable = &handshaker_factory_vtable;
+  gpr_ref_init(&factory->refcount, 1);
+}
+
+/* Gets the X509 cert chain in PEM format as a tsi_peer_property. */
+tsi_result tsi_ssl_get_cert_chain_contents(STACK_OF(X509) * peer_chain,
+                                           tsi_peer_property* property) {
+  BIO* bio = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
+  const auto peer_chain_len = sk_X509_num(peer_chain);
+  for (auto i = decltype(peer_chain_len){0}; i < peer_chain_len; i++) {
+    if (!PEM_write_bio_X509(bio, sk_X509_value(peer_chain, i))) {
+      BIO_free(bio);
+      return TSI_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+    }
+  }
+  char* contents;
+  long len = BIO_get_mem_data(bio, &contents);
+  if (len <= 0) {
+    BIO_free(bio);
+    return TSI_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+  }
+  tsi_result result = tsi_construct_string_peer_property(
+      TSI_X509_PEM_CERT_CHAIN_PROPERTY, contents, static_cast<size_t>(len),
+      property);
+  BIO_free(bio);
+  return result;
+}
+
+/* --- tsi_handshaker_result methods implementation. ---*/
+static tsi_result ssl_handshaker_result_extract_peer(
+    const tsi_handshaker_result* self, tsi_peer* peer) {
+  tsi_result result = TSI_OK;
+  const unsigned char* alpn_selected = nullptr;
+  unsigned int alpn_selected_len;
+  const tsi_ssl_handshaker_result* impl =
+      reinterpret_cast<const tsi_ssl_handshaker_result*>(self);
+  X509* peer_cert = SSL_get_peer_certificate(impl->ssl);
+  if (peer_cert != nullptr) {
+    result = peer_from_x509(peer_cert, 1, peer);
+    X509_free(peer_cert);
+    if (result != TSI_OK) return result;
+  }
+#if TSI_OPENSSL_ALPN_SUPPORT
+  SSL_get0_alpn_selected(impl->ssl, &alpn_selected, &alpn_selected_len);
+#endif /* TSI_OPENSSL_ALPN_SUPPORT */
+  if (alpn_selected == nullptr) {
+    /* Try npn. */
+    SSL_get0_next_proto_negotiated(impl->ssl, &alpn_selected,
+                                   &alpn_selected_len);
+  }
+  // When called on the client side, the stack also contains the
+  // peer's certificate; When called on the server side,
+  // the peer's certificate is not present in the stack
+  STACK_OF(X509)* peer_chain = SSL_get_peer_cert_chain(impl->ssl);
+  // 1 is for session reused property.
+  size_t new_property_count = peer->property_count + 3;
+  if (alpn_selected != nullptr) new_property_count++;
+  if (peer_chain != nullptr) new_property_count++;
+  tsi_peer_property* new_properties = static_cast<tsi_peer_property*>(
+      gpr_zalloc(sizeof(*new_properties) * new_property_count));
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < peer->property_count; i++) {
+    new_properties[i] = peer->properties[i];
+  }
+  if (peer->properties != nullptr) gpr_free(peer->properties);
+  peer->properties = new_properties;
+  // Add peer chain if available
+  if (peer_chain != nullptr) {
+    result = tsi_ssl_get_cert_chain_contents(
+        peer_chain, &peer->properties[peer->property_count]);
+    if (result == TSI_OK) peer->property_count++;
+  }
+  if (alpn_selected != nullptr) {
+    result = tsi_construct_string_peer_property(
+        TSI_SSL_ALPN_SELECTED_PROTOCOL,
+        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(alpn_selected), alpn_selected_len,
+        &peer->properties[peer->property_count]);
+    if (result != TSI_OK) return result;
+    peer->property_count++;
+  }
+  // Add security_level peer property.
+  result = tsi_construct_string_peer_property_from_cstring(
+      TSI_SECURITY_LEVEL_PEER_PROPERTY,
+      tsi_security_level_to_string(TSI_PRIVACY_AND_INTEGRITY),
+      &peer->properties[peer->property_count]);
+  if (result != TSI_OK) return result;
+  peer->property_count++;
+
+  const char* session_reused = SSL_session_reused(impl->ssl) ? "true" : "false";
+  result = tsi_construct_string_peer_property_from_cstring(
+      TSI_SSL_SESSION_REUSED_PEER_PROPERTY, session_reused,
+      &peer->properties[peer->property_count]);
+  if (result != TSI_OK) return result;
+  peer->property_count++;
+  return result;
+}
+
+static tsi_result ssl_handshaker_result_get_frame_protector_type(
+    const tsi_handshaker_result* /*self*/,
+    tsi_frame_protector_type* frame_protector_type) {
+  *frame_protector_type = TSI_FRAME_PROTECTOR_NORMAL;
+  return TSI_OK;
+}
+
+static tsi_result ssl_handshaker_result_create_frame_protector(
+    const tsi_handshaker_result* self, size_t* max_output_protected_frame_size,
+    tsi_frame_protector** protector) {
+  size_t actual_max_output_protected_frame_size =
+      TSI_SSL_MAX_PROTECTED_FRAME_SIZE_UPPER_BOUND;
+  tsi_ssl_handshaker_result* impl =
+      reinterpret_cast<tsi_ssl_handshaker_result*>(
+          const_cast<tsi_handshaker_result*>(self));
+  tsi_ssl_frame_protector* protector_impl =
+      static_cast<tsi_ssl_frame_protector*>(
+          gpr_zalloc(sizeof(*protector_impl)));
+
+  if (max_output_protected_frame_size != nullptr) {
+    if (*max_output_protected_frame_size >
+        TSI_SSL_MAX_PROTECTED_FRAME_SIZE_UPPER_BOUND) {
+      *max_output_protected_frame_size =
+          TSI_SSL_MAX_PROTECTED_FRAME_SIZE_UPPER_BOUND;
+    } else if (*max_output_protected_frame_size <
+               TSI_SSL_MAX_PROTECTED_FRAME_SIZE_LOWER_BOUND) {
+      *max_output_protected_frame_size =
+          TSI_SSL_MAX_PROTECTED_FRAME_SIZE_LOWER_BOUND;
+    }
+    actual_max_output_protected_frame_size = *max_output_protected_frame_size;
+  }
+  protector_impl->buffer_size =
+      actual_max_output_protected_frame_size - TSI_SSL_MAX_PROTECTION_OVERHEAD;
+  protector_impl->buffer =
+      static_cast<unsigned char*>(gpr_malloc(protector_impl->buffer_size));
+  if (protector_impl->buffer == nullptr) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
+            "Could not allocated buffer for tsi_ssl_frame_protector.");
+    gpr_free(protector_impl);
+    return TSI_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+  }
+
+  /* Transfer ownership of ssl and network_io to the frame protector. */
+  protector_impl->ssl = impl->ssl;
+  impl->ssl = nullptr;
+  protector_impl->network_io = impl->network_io;
+  impl->network_io = nullptr;
+  protector_impl->base.vtable = &frame_protector_vtable;
+  *protector = &protector_impl->base;
+  return TSI_OK;
+}
+
+static tsi_result ssl_handshaker_result_get_unused_bytes(
+    const tsi_handshaker_result* self, const unsigned char** bytes,
+    size_t* bytes_size) {
+  const tsi_ssl_handshaker_result* impl =
+      reinterpret_cast<const tsi_ssl_handshaker_result*>(self);
+  *bytes_size = impl->unused_bytes_size;
+  *bytes = impl->unused_bytes;
+  return TSI_OK;
+}
+
+static void ssl_handshaker_result_destroy(tsi_handshaker_result* self) {
+  tsi_ssl_handshaker_result* impl =
+      reinterpret_cast<tsi_ssl_handshaker_result*>(self);
+  SSL_free(impl->ssl);
+  BIO_free(impl->network_io);
+  gpr_free(impl->unused_bytes);
+  gpr_free(impl);
+}
+
+static const tsi_handshaker_result_vtable handshaker_result_vtable = {
+    ssl_handshaker_result_extract_peer,
+    ssl_handshaker_result_get_frame_protector_type,
+    nullptr, /* create_zero_copy_grpc_protector */
+    ssl_handshaker_result_create_frame_protector,
+    ssl_handshaker_result_get_unused_bytes,
+    ssl_handshaker_result_destroy,
+};
+
+static tsi_result ssl_handshaker_result_create(
+    tsi_ssl_handshaker* handshaker, unsigned char* unused_bytes,
+    size_t unused_bytes_size, tsi_handshaker_result** handshaker_result) {
+  if (handshaker == nullptr || handshaker_result == nullptr ||
+      (unused_bytes_size > 0 && unused_bytes == nullptr)) {
+    return TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+  tsi_ssl_handshaker_result* result =
+      grpc_core::Zalloc<tsi_ssl_handshaker_result>();
+  result->base.vtable = &handshaker_result_vtable;
+  /* Transfer ownership of ssl and network_io to the handshaker result. */
+  result->ssl = handshaker->ssl;
+  handshaker->ssl = nullptr;
+  result->network_io = handshaker->network_io;
+  handshaker->network_io = nullptr;
+  /* Transfer ownership of |unused_bytes| to the handshaker result. */
+  result->unused_bytes = unused_bytes;
+  result->unused_bytes_size = unused_bytes_size;
+  *handshaker_result = &result->base;
+  return TSI_OK;
+}
+
+/* --- tsi_handshaker methods implementation. ---*/
+
+static tsi_result ssl_handshaker_get_bytes_to_send_to_peer(
+    tsi_ssl_handshaker* impl, unsigned char* bytes, size_t* bytes_size) {
+  int bytes_read_from_ssl = 0;
+  if (bytes == nullptr || bytes_size == nullptr || *bytes_size > INT_MAX) {
+    return TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+  GPR_ASSERT(*bytes_size <= INT_MAX);
+  bytes_read_from_ssl =
+      BIO_read(impl->network_io, bytes, static_cast<int>(*bytes_size));
+  if (bytes_read_from_ssl < 0) {
+    *bytes_size = 0;
+    if (!BIO_should_retry(impl->network_io)) {
+      impl->result = TSI_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+      return impl->result;
+    } else {
+      return TSI_OK;
+    }
+  }
+  *bytes_size = static_cast<size_t>(bytes_read_from_ssl);
+  return BIO_pending(impl->network_io) == 0 ? TSI_OK : TSI_INCOMPLETE_DATA;
+}
+
+static tsi_result ssl_handshaker_get_result(tsi_ssl_handshaker* impl) {
+  if ((impl->result == TSI_HANDSHAKE_IN_PROGRESS) &&
+      SSL_is_init_finished(impl->ssl)) {
+    impl->result = TSI_OK;
+  }
+  return impl->result;
+}
+
+static tsi_result ssl_handshaker_do_handshake(tsi_ssl_handshaker* impl) {
+  if (ssl_handshaker_get_result(impl) != TSI_HANDSHAKE_IN_PROGRESS) {
+    impl->result = TSI_OK;
+    return impl->result;
+  } else {
+    ERR_clear_error();
+    /* Get ready to get some bytes from SSL. */
+    int ssl_result = SSL_do_handshake(impl->ssl);
+    ssl_result = SSL_get_error(impl->ssl, ssl_result);
+    switch (ssl_result) {
+      case SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
+        if (BIO_pending(impl->network_io) == 0) {
+          /* We need more data. */
+          return TSI_INCOMPLETE_DATA;
+        } else {
+          return TSI_OK;
+        }
+      case SSL_ERROR_NONE:
+        return TSI_OK;
+      case SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE:
+        return TSI_DRAIN_BUFFER;
+      default: {
+        char err_str[256];
+        ERR_error_string_n(ERR_get_error(), err_str, sizeof(err_str));
+        gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Handshake failed with fatal error %s: %s.",
+                ssl_error_string(ssl_result), err_str);
+        impl->result = TSI_PROTOCOL_FAILURE;
+        return impl->result;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static tsi_result ssl_handshaker_process_bytes_from_peer(
+    tsi_ssl_handshaker* impl, const unsigned char* bytes, size_t* bytes_size) {
+  int bytes_written_into_ssl_size = 0;
+  if (bytes == nullptr || bytes_size == nullptr || *bytes_size > INT_MAX) {
+    return TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+  GPR_ASSERT(*bytes_size <= INT_MAX);
+  bytes_written_into_ssl_size =
+      BIO_write(impl->network_io, bytes, static_cast<int>(*bytes_size));
+  if (bytes_written_into_ssl_size < 0) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Could not write to memory BIO.");
+    impl->result = TSI_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+    return impl->result;
+  }
+  *bytes_size = static_cast<size_t>(bytes_written_into_ssl_size);
+  return ssl_handshaker_do_handshake(impl);
+}
+
+static void ssl_handshaker_destroy(tsi_handshaker* self) {
+  tsi_ssl_handshaker* impl = reinterpret_cast<tsi_ssl_handshaker*>(self);
+  SSL_free(impl->ssl);
+  BIO_free(impl->network_io);
+  gpr_free(impl->outgoing_bytes_buffer);
+  tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_unref(impl->factory_ref);
+  gpr_free(impl);
+}
+
+// Removes the bytes remaining in |impl->SSL|'s read BIO and writes them to
+// |bytes_remaining|.
+static tsi_result ssl_bytes_remaining(tsi_ssl_handshaker* impl,
+                                      unsigned char** bytes_remaining,
+                                      size_t* bytes_remaining_size) {
+  if (impl == nullptr || bytes_remaining == nullptr ||
+      bytes_remaining_size == nullptr) {
+    return TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+  // Atempt to read all of the bytes in SSL's read BIO. These bytes should
+  // contain application data records that were appended to a handshake record
+  // containing the ClientFinished or ServerFinished message.
+  size_t bytes_in_ssl = BIO_pending(SSL_get_rbio(impl->ssl));
+  if (bytes_in_ssl == 0) return TSI_OK;
+  *bytes_remaining = static_cast<uint8_t*>(gpr_malloc(bytes_in_ssl));
+  int bytes_read = BIO_read(SSL_get_rbio(impl->ssl), *bytes_remaining,
+                            static_cast<int>(bytes_in_ssl));
+  // If an unexpected number of bytes were read, return an error status and free
+  // all of the bytes that were read.
+  if (bytes_read < 0 || static_cast<size_t>(bytes_read) != bytes_in_ssl) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
+            "Failed to read the expected number of bytes from SSL object.");
+    gpr_free(*bytes_remaining);
+    *bytes_remaining = nullptr;
+    return TSI_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+  }
+  *bytes_remaining_size = static_cast<size_t>(bytes_read);
+  return TSI_OK;
+}
+
+// Write handshake data received from SSL to an unbound output buffer.
+// By doing that, we drain SSL bio buffer used to hold handshake data.
+// This API needs to be repeatedly called until all handshake data are
+// received from SSL.
+static tsi_result ssl_handshaker_write_output_buffer(tsi_handshaker* self,
+                                                     size_t* bytes_written) {
+  tsi_ssl_handshaker* impl = reinterpret_cast<tsi_ssl_handshaker*>(self);
+  tsi_result status = TSI_OK;
+  int offset = *bytes_written;
+  do {
+    size_t to_send_size = impl->outgoing_bytes_buffer_size - offset;
+    status = ssl_handshaker_get_bytes_to_send_to_peer(
+        impl, impl->outgoing_bytes_buffer + offset, &to_send_size);
+    offset += to_send_size;
+    if (status == TSI_INCOMPLETE_DATA) {
+      impl->outgoing_bytes_buffer_size *= 2;
+      impl->outgoing_bytes_buffer = static_cast<unsigned char*>(gpr_realloc(
+          impl->outgoing_bytes_buffer, impl->outgoing_bytes_buffer_size));
+    }
+  } while (status == TSI_INCOMPLETE_DATA);
+  *bytes_written = offset;
+  return status;
+}
+
+static tsi_result ssl_handshaker_next(
+    tsi_handshaker* self, const unsigned char* received_bytes,
+    size_t received_bytes_size, const unsigned char** bytes_to_send,
+    size_t* bytes_to_send_size, tsi_handshaker_result** handshaker_result,
+    tsi_handshaker_on_next_done_cb /*cb*/, void* /*user_data*/) {
+  /* Input sanity check.  */
+  if ((received_bytes_size > 0 && received_bytes == nullptr) ||
+      bytes_to_send == nullptr || bytes_to_send_size == nullptr ||
+      handshaker_result == nullptr) {
+    return TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+  /* If there are received bytes, process them first.  */
+  tsi_ssl_handshaker* impl = reinterpret_cast<tsi_ssl_handshaker*>(self);
+  tsi_result status = TSI_OK;
+  size_t bytes_consumed = received_bytes_size;
+  size_t bytes_written = 0;
+  if (received_bytes_size > 0) {
+    status = ssl_handshaker_process_bytes_from_peer(impl, received_bytes,
+                                                    &bytes_consumed);
+    while (status == TSI_DRAIN_BUFFER) {
+      status = ssl_handshaker_write_output_buffer(self, &bytes_written);
+      if (status != TSI_OK) return status;
+      status = ssl_handshaker_do_handshake(impl);
+    }
+  }
+  if (status != TSI_OK) return status;
+  /* Get bytes to send to the peer, if available.  */
+  status = ssl_handshaker_write_output_buffer(self, &bytes_written);
+  if (status != TSI_OK) return status;
+  *bytes_to_send = impl->outgoing_bytes_buffer;
+  *bytes_to_send_size = bytes_written;
+  /* If handshake completes, create tsi_handshaker_result.  */
+  if (ssl_handshaker_get_result(impl) == TSI_HANDSHAKE_IN_PROGRESS) {
+    *handshaker_result = nullptr;
+  } else {
+    // Any bytes that remain in |impl->ssl|'s read BIO after the handshake is
+    // complete must be extracted and set to the unused bytes of the handshaker
+    // result. This indicates to the gRPC stack that there are bytes from the
+    // peer that must be processed.
+    unsigned char* unused_bytes = nullptr;
+    size_t unused_bytes_size = 0;
+    status = ssl_bytes_remaining(impl, &unused_bytes, &unused_bytes_size);
+    if (status != TSI_OK) return status;
+    if (unused_bytes_size > received_bytes_size) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "More unused bytes than received bytes.");
+      gpr_free(unused_bytes);
+      return TSI_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+    }
+    status = ssl_handshaker_result_create(impl, unused_bytes, unused_bytes_size,
+                                          handshaker_result);
+    if (status == TSI_OK) {
+      /* Indicates that the handshake has completed and that a handshaker_result
+       * has been created. */
+      self->handshaker_result_created = true;
+    }
+  }
+  return status;
+}
+
+static const tsi_handshaker_vtable handshaker_vtable = {
+    nullptr, /* get_bytes_to_send_to_peer -- deprecated */
+    nullptr, /* process_bytes_from_peer   -- deprecated */
+    nullptr, /* get_result                -- deprecated */
+    nullptr, /* extract_peer              -- deprecated */
+    nullptr, /* create_frame_protector    -- deprecated */
+    ssl_handshaker_destroy,
+    ssl_handshaker_next,
+    nullptr, /* shutdown */
+};
+
+/* --- tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory common methods. --- */
+
+static void tsi_ssl_handshaker_resume_session(
+    SSL* ssl, tsi::SslSessionLRUCache* session_cache) {
+  const char* server_name = SSL_get_servername(ssl, TLSEXT_NAMETYPE_host_name);
+  if (server_name == nullptr) {
+    return;
+  }
+  tsi::SslSessionPtr session = session_cache->Get(server_name);
+  if (session != nullptr) {
+    // SSL_set_session internally increments reference counter.
+    SSL_set_session(ssl, session.get());
+  }
+}
+
+static tsi_result create_tsi_ssl_handshaker(SSL_CTX* ctx, int is_client,
+                                            const char* server_name_indication,
+                                            size_t network_bio_buf_size,
+                                            size_t ssl_bio_buf_size,
+                                            tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory* factory,
+                                            tsi_handshaker** handshaker) {
+  SSL* ssl = SSL_new(ctx);
+  BIO* network_io = nullptr;
+  BIO* ssl_io = nullptr;
+  tsi_ssl_handshaker* impl = nullptr;
+  *handshaker = nullptr;
+  if (ctx == nullptr) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "SSL Context is null. Should never happen.");
+    return TSI_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+  }
+  if (ssl == nullptr) {
+    return TSI_OUT_OF_RESOURCES;
+  }
+  SSL_set_info_callback(ssl, ssl_info_callback);
+
+  if (!BIO_new_bio_pair(&network_io, network_bio_buf_size, &ssl_io,
+                        ssl_bio_buf_size)) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "BIO_new_bio_pair failed.");
+    SSL_free(ssl);
+    return TSI_OUT_OF_RESOURCES;
+  }
+  SSL_set_bio(ssl, ssl_io, ssl_io);
+  if (is_client) {
+    int ssl_result;
+    SSL_set_connect_state(ssl);
+    if (server_name_indication != nullptr) {
+      if (!SSL_set_tlsext_host_name(ssl, server_name_indication)) {
+        gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Invalid server name indication %s.",
+                server_name_indication);
+        SSL_free(ssl);
+        BIO_free(network_io);
+        return TSI_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+      }
+    }
+    tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory* client_factory =
+        reinterpret_cast<tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory*>(factory);
+    if (client_factory->session_cache != nullptr) {
+      tsi_ssl_handshaker_resume_session(ssl,
+                                        client_factory->session_cache.get());
+    }
+    ERR_clear_error();
+    ssl_result = SSL_do_handshake(ssl);
+    ssl_result = SSL_get_error(ssl, ssl_result);
+    if (ssl_result != SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
+              "Unexpected error received from first SSL_do_handshake call: %s",
+              ssl_error_string(ssl_result));
+      SSL_free(ssl);
+      BIO_free(network_io);
+      return TSI_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+    }
+  } else {
+    SSL_set_accept_state(ssl);
+  }
+
+  impl = grpc_core::Zalloc<tsi_ssl_handshaker>();
+  impl->ssl = ssl;
+  impl->network_io = network_io;
+  impl->result = TSI_HANDSHAKE_IN_PROGRESS;
+  impl->outgoing_bytes_buffer_size =
+      TSI_SSL_HANDSHAKER_OUTGOING_BUFFER_INITIAL_SIZE;
+  impl->outgoing_bytes_buffer =
+      static_cast<unsigned char*>(gpr_zalloc(impl->outgoing_bytes_buffer_size));
+  impl->base.vtable = &handshaker_vtable;
+  impl->factory_ref = tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_ref(factory);
+  *handshaker = &impl->base;
+  return TSI_OK;
+}
+
+static int select_protocol_list(const unsigned char** out,
+                                unsigned char* outlen,
+                                const unsigned char* client_list,
+                                size_t client_list_len,
+                                const unsigned char* server_list,
+                                size_t server_list_len) {
+  const unsigned char* client_current = client_list;
+  while (static_cast<unsigned int>(client_current - client_list) <
+         client_list_len) {
+    unsigned char client_current_len = *(client_current++);
+    const unsigned char* server_current = server_list;
+    while ((server_current >= server_list) &&
+           static_cast<uintptr_t>(server_current - server_list) <
+               server_list_len) {
+      unsigned char server_current_len = *(server_current++);
+      if ((client_current_len == server_current_len) &&
+          !memcmp(client_current, server_current, server_current_len)) {
+        *out = server_current;
+        *outlen = server_current_len;
+        return SSL_TLSEXT_ERR_OK;
+      }
+      server_current += server_current_len;
+    }
+    client_current += client_current_len;
+  }
+  return SSL_TLSEXT_ERR_NOACK;
+}
+
+/* --- tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory methods implementation. --- */
+
+tsi_result tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory_create_handshaker(
+    tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory* factory,
+    const char* server_name_indication, size_t network_bio_buf_size,
+    size_t ssl_bio_buf_size, tsi_handshaker** handshaker) {
+  return create_tsi_ssl_handshaker(
+      factory->ssl_context, 1, server_name_indication, network_bio_buf_size,
+      ssl_bio_buf_size, &factory->base, handshaker);
+}
+
+void tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory_unref(
+    tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory* factory) {
+  if (factory == nullptr) return;
+  tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_unref(&factory->base);
+}
+
+static void tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory_destroy(
+    tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory* factory) {
+  if (factory == nullptr) return;
+  tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory* self =
+      reinterpret_cast<tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory*>(factory);
+  if (self->ssl_context != nullptr) SSL_CTX_free(self->ssl_context);
+  if (self->alpn_protocol_list != nullptr) gpr_free(self->alpn_protocol_list);
+  self->session_cache.reset();
+  self->key_logger.reset();
+  gpr_free(self);
+}
+
+static int client_handshaker_factory_npn_callback(
+    SSL* /*ssl*/, unsigned char** out, unsigned char* outlen,
+    const unsigned char* in, unsigned int inlen, void* arg) {
+  tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory* factory =
+      static_cast<tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory*>(arg);
+  return select_protocol_list(const_cast<const unsigned char**>(out), outlen,
+                              factory->alpn_protocol_list,
+                              factory->alpn_protocol_list_length, in, inlen);
+}
+
+/* --- tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory methods implementation. --- */
+
+tsi_result tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory_create_handshaker(
+    tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory* factory, size_t network_bio_buf_size,
+    size_t ssl_bio_buf_size, tsi_handshaker** handshaker) {
+  if (factory->ssl_context_count == 0) return TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  /* Create the handshaker with the first context. We will switch if needed
+     because of SNI in ssl_server_handshaker_factory_servername_callback.  */
+  return create_tsi_ssl_handshaker(factory->ssl_contexts[0], 0, nullptr,
+                                   network_bio_buf_size, ssl_bio_buf_size,
+                                   &factory->base, handshaker);
+}
+
+void tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory_unref(
+    tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory* factory) {
+  if (factory == nullptr) return;
+  tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_unref(&factory->base);
+}
+
+static void tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory_destroy(
+    tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory* factory) {
+  if (factory == nullptr) return;
+  tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory* self =
+      reinterpret_cast<tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory*>(factory);
+  size_t i;
+  for (i = 0; i < self->ssl_context_count; i++) {
+    if (self->ssl_contexts[i] != nullptr) {
+      SSL_CTX_free(self->ssl_contexts[i]);
+      tsi_peer_destruct(&self->ssl_context_x509_subject_names[i]);
+    }
+  }
+  if (self->ssl_contexts != nullptr) gpr_free(self->ssl_contexts);
+  if (self->ssl_context_x509_subject_names != nullptr) {
+    gpr_free(self->ssl_context_x509_subject_names);
+  }
+  if (self->alpn_protocol_list != nullptr) gpr_free(self->alpn_protocol_list);
+  self->key_logger.reset();
+  gpr_free(self);
+}
+
+static int does_entry_match_name(absl::string_view entry,
+                                 absl::string_view name) {
+  if (entry.empty()) return 0;
+
+  /* Take care of '.' terminations. */
+  if (name.back() == '.') {
+    name.remove_suffix(1);
+  }
+  if (entry.back() == '.') {
+    entry.remove_suffix(1);
+    if (entry.empty()) return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (absl::EqualsIgnoreCase(name, entry)) {
+    return 1; /* Perfect match. */
+  }
+  if (entry.front() != '*') return 0;
+
+  /* Wildchar subdomain matching. */
+  if (entry.size() < 3 || entry[1] != '.') { /* At least *.x */
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Invalid wildchar entry.");
+    return 0;
+  }
+  size_t name_subdomain_pos = name.find('.');
+  if (name_subdomain_pos == absl::string_view::npos) return 0;
+  if (name_subdomain_pos >= name.size() - 2) return 0;
+  absl::string_view name_subdomain =
+      name.substr(name_subdomain_pos + 1); /* Starts after the dot. */
+  entry.remove_prefix(2);                  /* Remove *. */
+  size_t dot = name_subdomain.find('.');
+  if (dot == absl::string_view::npos || dot == name_subdomain.size() - 1) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Invalid toplevel subdomain: %s",
+            std::string(name_subdomain).c_str());
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if (name_subdomain.back() == '.') {
+    name_subdomain.remove_suffix(1);
+  }
+  return !entry.empty() && absl::EqualsIgnoreCase(name_subdomain, entry);
+}
+
+static int ssl_server_handshaker_factory_servername_callback(SSL* ssl,
+                                                             int* /*ap*/,
+                                                             void* arg) {
+  tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory* impl =
+      static_cast<tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory*>(arg);
+  size_t i = 0;
+  const char* servername = SSL_get_servername(ssl, TLSEXT_NAMETYPE_host_name);
+  if (servername == nullptr || strlen(servername) == 0) {
+    return SSL_TLSEXT_ERR_NOACK;
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < impl->ssl_context_count; i++) {
+    if (tsi_ssl_peer_matches_name(&impl->ssl_context_x509_subject_names[i],
+                                  servername)) {
+      SSL_set_SSL_CTX(ssl, impl->ssl_contexts[i]);
+      return SSL_TLSEXT_ERR_OK;
+    }
+  }
+  gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "No match found for server name: %s.", servername);
+  return SSL_TLSEXT_ERR_NOACK;
+}
+
+#if TSI_OPENSSL_ALPN_SUPPORT
+static int server_handshaker_factory_alpn_callback(
+    SSL* /*ssl*/, const unsigned char** out, unsigned char* outlen,
+    const unsigned char* in, unsigned int inlen, void* arg) {
+  tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory* factory =
+      static_cast<tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory*>(arg);
+  return select_protocol_list(out, outlen, in, inlen,
+                              factory->alpn_protocol_list,
+                              factory->alpn_protocol_list_length);
+}
+#endif /* TSI_OPENSSL_ALPN_SUPPORT */
+
+static int server_handshaker_factory_npn_advertised_callback(
+    SSL* /*ssl*/, const unsigned char** out, unsigned int* outlen, void* arg) {
+  tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory* factory =
+      static_cast<tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory*>(arg);
+  *out = factory->alpn_protocol_list;
+  GPR_ASSERT(factory->alpn_protocol_list_length <= UINT_MAX);
+  *outlen = static_cast<unsigned int>(factory->alpn_protocol_list_length);
+  return SSL_TLSEXT_ERR_OK;
+}
+
+/// This callback is called when new \a session is established and ready to
+/// be cached. This session can be reused for new connections to similar
+/// servers at later point of time.
+/// It's intended to be used with SSL_CTX_sess_set_new_cb function.
+///
+/// It returns 1 if callback takes ownership over \a session and 0 otherwise.
+static int server_handshaker_factory_new_session_callback(
+    SSL* ssl, SSL_SESSION* session) {
+  SSL_CTX* ssl_context = SSL_get_SSL_CTX(ssl);
+  if (ssl_context == nullptr) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  void* arg = SSL_CTX_get_ex_data(ssl_context, g_ssl_ctx_ex_factory_index);
+  tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory* factory =
+      static_cast<tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory*>(arg);
+  const char* server_name = SSL_get_servername(ssl, TLSEXT_NAMETYPE_host_name);
+  if (server_name == nullptr) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  factory->session_cache->Put(server_name, tsi::SslSessionPtr(session));
+  // Return 1 to indicate transferred ownership over the given session.
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/// This callback is invoked at client or server when ssl/tls handshakes
+/// complete and keylogging is enabled.
+template <typename T>
+static void ssl_keylogging_callback(const SSL* ssl, const char* info) {
+  SSL_CTX* ssl_context = SSL_get_SSL_CTX(ssl);
+  GPR_ASSERT(ssl_context != nullptr);
+  void* arg = SSL_CTX_get_ex_data(ssl_context, g_ssl_ctx_ex_factory_index);
+  T* factory = static_cast<T*>(arg);
+  factory->key_logger->LogSessionKeys(ssl_context, info);
+}
+
+// This callback is invoked when the CRL has been verified and will soft-fail
+// errors in verification depending on certain error types.
+static int verify_cb(int ok, X509_STORE_CTX* ctx) {
+  int cert_error = X509_STORE_CTX_get_error(ctx);
+  if (cert_error == X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_CRL) {
+    gpr_log(
+        GPR_INFO,
+        "Certificate verification failed to get CRL files. Ignoring error.");
+    return 1;
+  }
+  if (cert_error != 0) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Certificate verify failed with code %d", cert_error);
+  }
+  return ok;
+}
+
+/* --- tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory constructors. --- */
+
+static tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_vtable client_handshaker_factory_vtable = {
+    tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory_destroy};
+
+tsi_result tsi_create_ssl_client_handshaker_factory(
+    const tsi_ssl_pem_key_cert_pair* pem_key_cert_pair,
+    const char* pem_root_certs, const char* cipher_suites,
+    const char** alpn_protocols, uint16_t num_alpn_protocols,
+    tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory** factory) {
+  tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_options options;
+  options.pem_key_cert_pair = pem_key_cert_pair;
+  options.pem_root_certs = pem_root_certs;
+  options.cipher_suites = cipher_suites;
+  options.alpn_protocols = alpn_protocols;
+  options.num_alpn_protocols = num_alpn_protocols;
+  return tsi_create_ssl_client_handshaker_factory_with_options(&options,
+                                                               factory);
+}
+
+tsi_result tsi_create_ssl_client_handshaker_factory_with_options(
+    const tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_options* options,
+    tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory** factory) {
+  SSL_CTX* ssl_context = nullptr;
+  tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory* impl = nullptr;
+  tsi_result result = TSI_OK;
+
+  gpr_once_init(&g_init_openssl_once, init_openssl);
+
+  if (factory == nullptr) return TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  *factory = nullptr;
+  if (options->pem_root_certs == nullptr && options->root_store == nullptr) {
+    return TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x10100000
+  ssl_context = SSL_CTX_new(TLS_method());
+#else
+  ssl_context = SSL_CTX_new(TLSv1_2_method());
+#endif
+  if (ssl_context == nullptr) {
+    log_ssl_error_stack();
+    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Could not create ssl context.");
+    return TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+
+  result = tsi_set_min_and_max_tls_versions(
+      ssl_context, options->min_tls_version, options->max_tls_version);
+  if (result != TSI_OK) return result;
+
+  impl = static_cast<tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory*>(
+      gpr_zalloc(sizeof(*impl)));
+  tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_init(&impl->base);
+  impl->base.vtable = &client_handshaker_factory_vtable;
+  impl->ssl_context = ssl_context;
+  if (options->session_cache != nullptr) {
+    // Unref is called manually on factory destruction.
+    impl->session_cache =
+        reinterpret_cast<tsi::SslSessionLRUCache*>(options->session_cache)
+            ->Ref();
+    SSL_CTX_sess_set_new_cb(ssl_context,
+                            server_handshaker_factory_new_session_callback);
+    SSL_CTX_set_session_cache_mode(ssl_context, SSL_SESS_CACHE_CLIENT);
+  }
+
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x10101000 && !defined(LIBRESSL_VERSION_NUMBER)
+  if (options->key_logger != nullptr) {
+    impl->key_logger = options->key_logger->Ref();
+    // SSL_CTX_set_keylog_callback is set here to register callback
+    // when ssl/tls handshakes complete.
+    SSL_CTX_set_keylog_callback(
+        ssl_context,
+        ssl_keylogging_callback<tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory>);
+  }
+#endif
+
+  if (options->session_cache != nullptr || options->key_logger != nullptr) {
+    // Need to set factory at g_ssl_ctx_ex_factory_index
+    SSL_CTX_set_ex_data(ssl_context, g_ssl_ctx_ex_factory_index, impl);
+  }
+
+  do {
+    result = populate_ssl_context(ssl_context, options->pem_key_cert_pair,
+                                  options->cipher_suites);
+    if (result != TSI_OK) break;
+
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x10100000
+    // X509_STORE_up_ref is only available since OpenSSL 1.1.
+    if (options->root_store != nullptr) {
+      X509_STORE_up_ref(options->root_store->store);
+      SSL_CTX_set_cert_store(ssl_context, options->root_store->store);
+    }
+#endif
+    if (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x10100000 || options->root_store == nullptr) {
+      result = ssl_ctx_load_verification_certs(
+          ssl_context, options->pem_root_certs, strlen(options->pem_root_certs),
+          nullptr);
+      if (result != TSI_OK) {
+        gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Cannot load server root certificates.");
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (options->num_alpn_protocols != 0) {
+      result = build_alpn_protocol_name_list(
+          options->alpn_protocols, options->num_alpn_protocols,
+          &impl->alpn_protocol_list, &impl->alpn_protocol_list_length);
+      if (result != TSI_OK) {
+        gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Building alpn list failed with error %s.",
+                tsi_result_to_string(result));
+        break;
+      }
+#if TSI_OPENSSL_ALPN_SUPPORT
+      GPR_ASSERT(impl->alpn_protocol_list_length < UINT_MAX);
+      if (SSL_CTX_set_alpn_protos(
+              ssl_context, impl->alpn_protocol_list,
+              static_cast<unsigned int>(impl->alpn_protocol_list_length))) {
+        gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Could not set alpn protocol list to context.");
+        result = TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+        break;
+      }
+#endif /* TSI_OPENSSL_ALPN_SUPPORT */
+      SSL_CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb(
+          ssl_context, client_handshaker_factory_npn_callback, impl);
+    }
+  } while (false);
+  if (result != TSI_OK) {
+    tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_unref(&impl->base);
+    return result;
+  }
+  if (options->skip_server_certificate_verification) {
+    SSL_CTX_set_verify(ssl_context, SSL_VERIFY_PEER, NullVerifyCallback);
+  } else {
+    SSL_CTX_set_verify(ssl_context, SSL_VERIFY_PEER, nullptr);
+  }
+
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x10100000
+  if (options->crl_directory != nullptr &&
+      strcmp(options->crl_directory, "") != 0) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "enabling client CRL checking with path: %s",
+            options->crl_directory);
+    X509_STORE* cert_store = SSL_CTX_get_cert_store(ssl_context);
+    X509_STORE_set_verify_cb(cert_store, verify_cb);
+    if (!X509_STORE_load_locations(cert_store, nullptr,
+                                   options->crl_directory)) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Failed to load CRL File from directory.");
+    } else {
+      X509_VERIFY_PARAM* param = X509_STORE_get0_param(cert_store);
+      X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags(param, X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK);
+      gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "enabled client side CRL checking.");
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+
+  *factory = impl;
+  return TSI_OK;
+}
+
+static tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_vtable server_handshaker_factory_vtable = {
+    tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory_destroy};
+
+tsi_result tsi_create_ssl_server_handshaker_factory(
+    const tsi_ssl_pem_key_cert_pair* pem_key_cert_pairs,
+    size_t num_key_cert_pairs, const char* pem_client_root_certs,
+    int force_client_auth, const char* cipher_suites,
+    const char** alpn_protocols, uint16_t num_alpn_protocols,
+    tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory** factory) {
+  return tsi_create_ssl_server_handshaker_factory_ex(
+      pem_key_cert_pairs, num_key_cert_pairs, pem_client_root_certs,
+      force_client_auth ? TSI_REQUEST_AND_REQUIRE_CLIENT_CERTIFICATE_AND_VERIFY
+                        : TSI_DONT_REQUEST_CLIENT_CERTIFICATE,
+      cipher_suites, alpn_protocols, num_alpn_protocols, factory);
+}
+
+tsi_result tsi_create_ssl_server_handshaker_factory_ex(
+    const tsi_ssl_pem_key_cert_pair* pem_key_cert_pairs,
+    size_t num_key_cert_pairs, const char* pem_client_root_certs,
+    tsi_client_certificate_request_type client_certificate_request,
+    const char* cipher_suites, const char** alpn_protocols,
+    uint16_t num_alpn_protocols, tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory** factory) {
+  tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_options options;
+  options.pem_key_cert_pairs = pem_key_cert_pairs;
+  options.num_key_cert_pairs = num_key_cert_pairs;
+  options.pem_client_root_certs = pem_client_root_certs;
+  options.client_certificate_request = client_certificate_request;
+  options.cipher_suites = cipher_suites;
+  options.alpn_protocols = alpn_protocols;
+  options.num_alpn_protocols = num_alpn_protocols;
+  return tsi_create_ssl_server_handshaker_factory_with_options(&options,
+                                                               factory);
+}
+
+tsi_result tsi_create_ssl_server_handshaker_factory_with_options(
+    const tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_options* options,
+    tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory** factory) {
+  tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory* impl = nullptr;
+  tsi_result result = TSI_OK;
+  size_t i = 0;
+
+  gpr_once_init(&g_init_openssl_once, init_openssl);
+
+  if (factory == nullptr) return TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  *factory = nullptr;
+  if (options->num_key_cert_pairs == 0 ||
+      options->pem_key_cert_pairs == nullptr) {
+    return TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+
+  impl = static_cast<tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory*>(
+      gpr_zalloc(sizeof(*impl)));
+  tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_init(&impl->base);
+  impl->base.vtable = &server_handshaker_factory_vtable;
+
+  impl->ssl_contexts = static_cast<SSL_CTX**>(
+      gpr_zalloc(options->num_key_cert_pairs * sizeof(SSL_CTX*)));
+  impl->ssl_context_x509_subject_names = static_cast<tsi_peer*>(
+      gpr_zalloc(options->num_key_cert_pairs * sizeof(tsi_peer)));
+  if (impl->ssl_contexts == nullptr ||
+      impl->ssl_context_x509_subject_names == nullptr) {
+    tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_unref(&impl->base);
+    return TSI_OUT_OF_RESOURCES;
+  }
+  impl->ssl_context_count = options->num_key_cert_pairs;
+
+  if (options->num_alpn_protocols > 0) {
+    result = build_alpn_protocol_name_list(
+        options->alpn_protocols, options->num_alpn_protocols,
+        &impl->alpn_protocol_list, &impl->alpn_protocol_list_length);
+    if (result != TSI_OK) {
+      tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_unref(&impl->base);
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (options->key_logger != nullptr) {
+    impl->key_logger = options->key_logger->Ref();
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < options->num_key_cert_pairs; i++) {
+    do {
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x10100000
+      impl->ssl_contexts[i] = SSL_CTX_new(TLS_method());
+#else
+      impl->ssl_contexts[i] = SSL_CTX_new(TLSv1_2_method());
+#endif
+      if (impl->ssl_contexts[i] == nullptr) {
+        log_ssl_error_stack();
+        gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Could not create ssl context.");
+        result = TSI_OUT_OF_RESOURCES;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      result = tsi_set_min_and_max_tls_versions(impl->ssl_contexts[i],
+                                                options->min_tls_version,
+                                                options->max_tls_version);
+      if (result != TSI_OK) return result;
+
+      result = populate_ssl_context(impl->ssl_contexts[i],
+                                    &options->pem_key_cert_pairs[i],
+                                    options->cipher_suites);
+      if (result != TSI_OK) break;
+
+      // TODO(elessar): Provide ability to disable session ticket keys.
+
+      // Allow client cache sessions (it's needed for OpenSSL only).
+      int set_sid_ctx_result = SSL_CTX_set_session_id_context(
+          impl->ssl_contexts[i], kSslSessionIdContext,
+          GPR_ARRAY_SIZE(kSslSessionIdContext));
+      if (set_sid_ctx_result == 0) {
+        gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Failed to set session id context.");
+        result = TSI_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      if (options->session_ticket_key != nullptr) {
+        if (SSL_CTX_set_tlsext_ticket_keys(
+                impl->ssl_contexts[i],
+                const_cast<char*>(options->session_ticket_key),
+                options->session_ticket_key_size) == 0) {
+          gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Invalid STEK size.");
+          result = TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (options->pem_client_root_certs != nullptr) {
+        STACK_OF(X509_NAME)* root_names = nullptr;
+        result = ssl_ctx_load_verification_certs(
+            impl->ssl_contexts[i], options->pem_client_root_certs,
+            strlen(options->pem_client_root_certs), &root_names);
+        if (result != TSI_OK) {
+          gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Invalid verification certs.");
+          break;
+        }
+        SSL_CTX_set_client_CA_list(impl->ssl_contexts[i], root_names);
+      }
+      switch (options->client_certificate_request) {
+        case TSI_DONT_REQUEST_CLIENT_CERTIFICATE:
+          SSL_CTX_set_verify(impl->ssl_contexts[i], SSL_VERIFY_NONE, nullptr);
+          break;
+        case TSI_REQUEST_CLIENT_CERTIFICATE_BUT_DONT_VERIFY:
+          SSL_CTX_set_verify(impl->ssl_contexts[i], SSL_VERIFY_PEER,
+                             NullVerifyCallback);
+          break;
+        case TSI_REQUEST_CLIENT_CERTIFICATE_AND_VERIFY:
+          SSL_CTX_set_verify(impl->ssl_contexts[i], SSL_VERIFY_PEER, nullptr);
+          break;
+        case TSI_REQUEST_AND_REQUIRE_CLIENT_CERTIFICATE_BUT_DONT_VERIFY:
+          SSL_CTX_set_verify(impl->ssl_contexts[i],
+                             SSL_VERIFY_PEER | SSL_VERIFY_FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT,
+                             NullVerifyCallback);
+          break;
+        case TSI_REQUEST_AND_REQUIRE_CLIENT_CERTIFICATE_AND_VERIFY:
+          SSL_CTX_set_verify(impl->ssl_contexts[i],
+                             SSL_VERIFY_PEER | SSL_VERIFY_FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT,
+                             nullptr);
+          break;
+      }
+
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x10100000
+      if (options->crl_directory != nullptr &&
+          strcmp(options->crl_directory, "") != 0) {
+        gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "enabling server CRL checking with path %s",
+                options->crl_directory);
+        X509_STORE* cert_store = SSL_CTX_get_cert_store(impl->ssl_contexts[i]);
+        X509_STORE_set_verify_cb(cert_store, verify_cb);
+        if (!X509_STORE_load_locations(cert_store, nullptr,
+                                       options->crl_directory)) {
+          gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Failed to load CRL File from directory.");
+        } else {
+          X509_VERIFY_PARAM* param = X509_STORE_get0_param(cert_store);
+          X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags(param, X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK);
+          gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "enabled server CRL checking.");
+        }
+      }
+#endif
+
+      result = tsi_ssl_extract_x509_subject_names_from_pem_cert(
+          options->pem_key_cert_pairs[i].cert_chain,
+          &impl->ssl_context_x509_subject_names[i]);
+      if (result != TSI_OK) break;
+
+      SSL_CTX_set_tlsext_servername_callback(
+          impl->ssl_contexts[i],
+          ssl_server_handshaker_factory_servername_callback);
+      SSL_CTX_set_tlsext_servername_arg(impl->ssl_contexts[i], impl);
+#if TSI_OPENSSL_ALPN_SUPPORT
+      SSL_CTX_set_alpn_select_cb(impl->ssl_contexts[i],
+                                 server_handshaker_factory_alpn_callback, impl);
+#endif /* TSI_OPENSSL_ALPN_SUPPORT */
+      SSL_CTX_set_next_protos_advertised_cb(
+          impl->ssl_contexts[i],
+          server_handshaker_factory_npn_advertised_callback, impl);
+
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x10101000 && !defined(LIBRESSL_VERSION_NUMBER)
+      /* Register factory at index */
+      if (options->key_logger != nullptr) {
+        // Need to set factory at g_ssl_ctx_ex_factory_index
+        SSL_CTX_set_ex_data(impl->ssl_contexts[i], g_ssl_ctx_ex_factory_index,
+                            impl);
+        // SSL_CTX_set_keylog_callback is set here to register callback
+        // when ssl/tls handshakes complete.
+        SSL_CTX_set_keylog_callback(
+            impl->ssl_contexts[i],
+            ssl_keylogging_callback<tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory>);
+      }
+#endif
+    } while (false);
+
+    if (result != TSI_OK) {
+      tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_unref(&impl->base);
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+
+  *factory = impl;
+  return TSI_OK;
+}
+
+/* --- tsi_ssl utils. --- */
+
+int tsi_ssl_peer_matches_name(const tsi_peer* peer, absl::string_view name) {
+  size_t i = 0;
+  size_t san_count = 0;
+  const tsi_peer_property* cn_property = nullptr;
+  int like_ip = looks_like_ip_address(name);
+
+  /* Check the SAN first. */
+  for (i = 0; i < peer->property_count; i++) {
+    const tsi_peer_property* property = &peer->properties[i];
+    if (property->name == nullptr) continue;
+    if (strcmp(property->name,
+               TSI_X509_SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME_PEER_PROPERTY) == 0) {
+      san_count++;
+
+      absl::string_view entry(property->value.data, property->value.length);
+      if (!like_ip && does_entry_match_name(entry, name)) {
+        return 1;
+      } else if (like_ip && name == entry) {
+        /* IP Addresses are exact matches only. */
+        return 1;
+      }
+    } else if (strcmp(property->name,
+                      TSI_X509_SUBJECT_COMMON_NAME_PEER_PROPERTY) == 0) {
+      cn_property = property;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* If there's no SAN, try the CN, but only if its not like an IP Address */
+  if (san_count == 0 && cn_property != nullptr && !like_ip) {
+    if (does_entry_match_name(absl::string_view(cn_property->value.data,
+                                                cn_property->value.length),
+                              name)) {
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0; /* Not found. */
+}
+
+/* --- Testing support. --- */
+const tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_vtable* tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_swap_vtable(
+    tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory* factory,
+    tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_vtable* new_vtable) {
+  GPR_ASSERT(factory != nullptr);
+  GPR_ASSERT(factory->vtable != nullptr);
+
+  const tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_vtable* orig_vtable = factory->vtable;
+  factory->vtable = new_vtable;
+  return orig_vtable;
+}