grpc-z 1.11.1

data/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_call.h

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright 2015 gRPC authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifndef GRPC_RB_CALL_H_
+#define GRPC_RB_CALL_H_
+
+#include <ruby/ruby.h>
+
+#include <grpc/grpc.h>
+
+/* Gets the wrapped call from a VALUE. */
+grpc_call* grpc_rb_get_wrapped_call(VALUE v);
+
+/* Gets the VALUE corresponding to given grpc_call. */
+VALUE grpc_rb_wrap_call(grpc_call* c, grpc_completion_queue* q);
+
+/* Provides the details of an call error */
+const char* grpc_call_error_detail_of(grpc_call_error err);
+
+/* Converts a metadata array to a hash. */
+VALUE grpc_rb_md_ary_to_h(grpc_metadata_array* md_ary);
+
+/* grpc_rb_md_ary_convert converts a ruby metadata hash into
+   a grpc_metadata_array.
+*/
+void grpc_rb_md_ary_convert(VALUE md_ary_hash, grpc_metadata_array* md_ary);
+
+void grpc_rb_metadata_array_destroy_including_entries(
+    grpc_metadata_array* md_ary);
+
+/* grpc_rb_eCallError is the ruby class of the exception thrown during call
+   operations. */
+extern VALUE grpc_rb_eCallError;
+
+/* Initializes the Call class. */
+void Init_grpc_call();
+
+#endif /* GRPC_RB_CALL_H_ */

data/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_call_credentials.c

@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright 2015 gRPC authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <ruby/ruby.h>
+
+#include "rb_call_credentials.h"
+#include "rb_grpc_imports.generated.h"
+
+#include <ruby/thread.h>
+
+#include <grpc/grpc.h>
+#include <grpc/grpc_security.h>
+#include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
+#include <grpc/support/log.h>
+
+#include "rb_call.h"
+#include "rb_event_thread.h"
+#include "rb_grpc.h"
+
+/* grpc_rb_cCallCredentials is the ruby class that proxies
+ * grpc_call_credentials */
+static VALUE grpc_rb_cCallCredentials = Qnil;
+
+/* grpc_rb_call_credentials wraps a grpc_call_credentials. It provides a mark
+ * object that is used to hold references to any objects used to create the
+ * credentials. */
+typedef struct grpc_rb_call_credentials {
+  /* Holder of ruby objects involved in contructing the credentials */
+  VALUE mark;
+
+  /* The actual credentials */
+  grpc_call_credentials* wrapped;
+} grpc_rb_call_credentials;
+
+typedef struct callback_params {
+  VALUE get_metadata;
+  grpc_auth_metadata_context context;
+  void* user_data;
+  grpc_credentials_plugin_metadata_cb callback;
+} callback_params;
+
+static VALUE grpc_rb_call_credentials_callback(VALUE callback_args) {
+  VALUE result = rb_hash_new();
+  VALUE metadata = rb_funcall(rb_ary_entry(callback_args, 0), rb_intern("call"),
+                              1, rb_ary_entry(callback_args, 1));
+  rb_hash_aset(result, rb_str_new2("metadata"), metadata);
+  rb_hash_aset(result, rb_str_new2("status"), INT2NUM(GRPC_STATUS_OK));
+  rb_hash_aset(result, rb_str_new2("details"), rb_str_new2(""));
+  return result;
+}
+
+static VALUE grpc_rb_call_credentials_callback_rescue(VALUE args,
+                                                      VALUE exception_object) {
+  VALUE result = rb_hash_new();
+  VALUE backtrace =
+      rb_funcall(rb_funcall(exception_object, rb_intern("backtrace"), 0),
+                 rb_intern("join"), 1, rb_str_new2("\n\tfrom "));
+  VALUE rb_exception_info =
+      rb_funcall(exception_object, rb_intern("inspect"), 0);
+  (void)args;
+  gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "Call credentials callback failed: %s\n%s",
+          StringValueCStr(rb_exception_info), StringValueCStr(backtrace));
+  rb_hash_aset(result, rb_str_new2("metadata"), Qnil);
+  rb_hash_aset(result, rb_str_new2("status"),
+               INT2NUM(GRPC_STATUS_UNAUTHENTICATED));
+  rb_hash_aset(result, rb_str_new2("details"), rb_exception_info);
+  return result;
+}
+
+static void grpc_rb_call_credentials_callback_with_gil(void* param) {
+  callback_params* const params = (callback_params*)param;
+  VALUE auth_uri = rb_str_new_cstr(params->context.service_url);
+  /* Pass the arguments to the proc in a hash, which currently only has they key
+     'auth_uri' */
+  VALUE callback_args = rb_ary_new();
+  VALUE args = rb_hash_new();
+  VALUE result;
+  grpc_metadata_array md_ary;
+  grpc_status_code status;
+  VALUE details;
+  char* error_details;
+  grpc_metadata_array_init(&md_ary);
+  rb_hash_aset(args, ID2SYM(rb_intern("jwt_aud_uri")), auth_uri);
+  rb_ary_push(callback_args, params->get_metadata);
+  rb_ary_push(callback_args, args);
+  result = rb_rescue(grpc_rb_call_credentials_callback, callback_args,
+                     grpc_rb_call_credentials_callback_rescue, Qnil);
+  // Both callbacks return a hash, so result should be a hash
+  grpc_rb_md_ary_convert(rb_hash_aref(result, rb_str_new2("metadata")),
+                         &md_ary);
+  status = NUM2INT(rb_hash_aref(result, rb_str_new2("status")));
+  details = rb_hash_aref(result, rb_str_new2("details"));
+  error_details = StringValueCStr(details);
+  params->callback(params->user_data, md_ary.metadata, md_ary.count, status,
+                   error_details);
+  grpc_rb_metadata_array_destroy_including_entries(&md_ary);
+  gpr_free(params);
+}
+
+static int grpc_rb_call_credentials_plugin_get_metadata(
+    void* state, grpc_auth_metadata_context context,
+    grpc_credentials_plugin_metadata_cb cb, void* user_data,
+    grpc_metadata creds_md[GRPC_METADATA_CREDENTIALS_PLUGIN_SYNC_MAX],
+    size_t* num_creds_md, grpc_status_code* status,
+    const char** error_details) {
+  callback_params* params = gpr_malloc(sizeof(callback_params));
+  params->get_metadata = (VALUE)state;
+  params->context = context;
+  params->user_data = user_data;
+  params->callback = cb;
+
+  grpc_rb_event_queue_enqueue(grpc_rb_call_credentials_callback_with_gil,
+                              (void*)(params));
+  return 0;  // Async return.
+}
+
+static void grpc_rb_call_credentials_plugin_destroy(void* state) {
+  (void)state;
+  // Not sure what needs to be done here
+}
+
+/* Destroys the credentials instances. */
+static void grpc_rb_call_credentials_free(void* p) {
+  grpc_rb_call_credentials* wrapper;
+  if (p == NULL) {
+    return;
+  }
+  wrapper = (grpc_rb_call_credentials*)p;
+  grpc_call_credentials_release(wrapper->wrapped);
+  wrapper->wrapped = NULL;
+
+  xfree(p);
+}
+
+/* Protects the mark object from GC */
+static void grpc_rb_call_credentials_mark(void* p) {
+  grpc_rb_call_credentials* wrapper = NULL;
+  if (p == NULL) {
+    return;
+  }
+  wrapper = (grpc_rb_call_credentials*)p;
+  if (wrapper->mark != Qnil) {
+    rb_gc_mark(wrapper->mark);
+  }
+}
+
+static rb_data_type_t grpc_rb_call_credentials_data_type = {
+    "grpc_call_credentials",
+    {grpc_rb_call_credentials_mark,
+     grpc_rb_call_credentials_free,
+     GRPC_RB_MEMSIZE_UNAVAILABLE,
+     {NULL, NULL}},
+    NULL,
+    NULL,
+#ifdef RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
+    RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
+#endif
+};
+
+/* Allocates CallCredentials instances.
+   Provides safe initial defaults for the instance fields. */
+static VALUE grpc_rb_call_credentials_alloc(VALUE cls) {
+  grpc_rb_call_credentials* wrapper = ALLOC(grpc_rb_call_credentials);
+  wrapper->wrapped = NULL;
+  wrapper->mark = Qnil;
+  return TypedData_Wrap_Struct(cls, &grpc_rb_call_credentials_data_type,
+                               wrapper);
+}
+
+/* Creates a wrapping object for a given call credentials. This should only be
+ * called with grpc_call_credentials objects that are not already associated
+ * with any Ruby object */
+VALUE grpc_rb_wrap_call_credentials(grpc_call_credentials* c, VALUE mark) {
+  VALUE rb_wrapper;
+  grpc_rb_call_credentials* wrapper;
+  if (c == NULL) {
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+  rb_wrapper = grpc_rb_call_credentials_alloc(grpc_rb_cCallCredentials);
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(rb_wrapper, grpc_rb_call_credentials,
+                       &grpc_rb_call_credentials_data_type, wrapper);
+  wrapper->wrapped = c;
+  wrapper->mark = mark;
+  return rb_wrapper;
+}
+
+/* The attribute used on the mark object to hold the callback */
+static ID id_callback;
+
+/*
+  call-seq:
+    creds = Credentials.new auth_proc
+  proc: (required) Proc that generates auth metadata
+  Initializes CallCredential instances. */
+static VALUE grpc_rb_call_credentials_init(VALUE self, VALUE proc) {
+  grpc_rb_call_credentials* wrapper = NULL;
+  grpc_call_credentials* creds = NULL;
+  grpc_metadata_credentials_plugin plugin;
+
+  grpc_ruby_once_init();
+
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, grpc_rb_call_credentials,
+                       &grpc_rb_call_credentials_data_type, wrapper);
+
+  plugin.get_metadata = grpc_rb_call_credentials_plugin_get_metadata;
+  plugin.destroy = grpc_rb_call_credentials_plugin_destroy;
+  if (!rb_obj_is_proc(proc)) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Argument to CallCredentials#new must be a proc");
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+  plugin.state = (void*)proc;
+  plugin.type = "";
+
+  creds = grpc_metadata_credentials_create_from_plugin(plugin, NULL);
+  if (creds == NULL) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "could not create a credentials, not sure why");
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+
+  wrapper->mark = proc;
+  wrapper->wrapped = creds;
+  rb_ivar_set(self, id_callback, proc);
+
+  return self;
+}
+
+static VALUE grpc_rb_call_credentials_compose(int argc, VALUE* argv,
+                                              VALUE self) {
+  grpc_call_credentials* creds;
+  grpc_call_credentials* other;
+  grpc_call_credentials* prev = NULL;
+  VALUE mark;
+  if (argc == 0) {
+    return self;
+  }
+  mark = rb_ary_new();
+  creds = grpc_rb_get_wrapped_call_credentials(self);
+  for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+    rb_ary_push(mark, argv[i]);
+    other = grpc_rb_get_wrapped_call_credentials(argv[i]);
+    creds = grpc_composite_call_credentials_create(creds, other, NULL);
+    if (prev != NULL) {
+      grpc_call_credentials_release(prev);
+    }
+    prev = creds;
+  }
+  return grpc_rb_wrap_call_credentials(creds, mark);
+}
+
+void Init_grpc_call_credentials() {
+  grpc_rb_cCallCredentials =
+      rb_define_class_under(grpc_rb_mGrpcCore, "CallCredentials", rb_cObject);
+
+  /* Allocates an object managed by the ruby runtime */
+  rb_define_alloc_func(grpc_rb_cCallCredentials,
+                       grpc_rb_call_credentials_alloc);
+
+  /* Provides a ruby constructor and support for dup/clone. */
+  rb_define_method(grpc_rb_cCallCredentials, "initialize",
+                   grpc_rb_call_credentials_init, 1);
+  rb_define_method(grpc_rb_cCallCredentials, "initialize_copy",
+                   grpc_rb_cannot_init_copy, 1);
+  rb_define_method(grpc_rb_cCallCredentials, "compose",
+                   grpc_rb_call_credentials_compose, -1);
+
+  id_callback = rb_intern("__callback");
+}
+
+/* Gets the wrapped grpc_call_credentials from the ruby wrapper */
+grpc_call_credentials* grpc_rb_get_wrapped_call_credentials(VALUE v) {
+  grpc_rb_call_credentials* wrapper = NULL;
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(v, grpc_rb_call_credentials,
+                       &grpc_rb_call_credentials_data_type, wrapper);
+  return wrapper->wrapped;
+}

data/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_call_credentials.h

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright 2015 gRPC authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifndef GRPC_RB_CALL_CREDENTIALS_H_
+#define GRPC_RB_CALL_CREDENTIALS_H_
+
+#include <ruby/ruby.h>
+
+#include <grpc/grpc_security.h>
+
+/* Initializes the ruby CallCredentials class. */
+void Init_grpc_call_credentials();
+
+grpc_call_credentials* grpc_rb_get_wrapped_call_credentials(VALUE v);
+
+#endif /* GRPC_RB_CALL_CREDENTIALS_H_ */

data/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_channel.c

@@ -0,0 +1,828 @@
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright 2015 gRPC authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <ruby/ruby.h>
+#include <ruby/thread.h>
+
+#include "rb_byte_buffer.h"
+#include "rb_channel.h"
+#include "rb_grpc_imports.generated.h"
+
+#include <grpc/grpc.h>
+#include <grpc/grpc_security.h>
+#include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
+#include <grpc/support/log.h>
+#include <grpc/support/time.h>
+#include "rb_call.h"
+#include "rb_channel_args.h"
+#include "rb_channel_credentials.h"
+#include "rb_completion_queue.h"
+#include "rb_grpc.h"
+#include "rb_server.h"
+
+/* id_channel is the name of the hidden ivar that preserves a reference to the
+ * channel on a call, so that calls are not GCed before their channel.  */
+static ID id_channel;
+
+/* id_target is the name of the hidden ivar that preserves a reference to the
+ * target string used to create the call, preserved so that it does not get
+ * GCed before the channel */
+static ID id_target;
+
+/* id_insecure_channel is used to indicate that a channel is insecure */
+static VALUE id_insecure_channel;
+
+/* grpc_rb_cChannel is the ruby class that proxies grpc_channel. */
+static VALUE grpc_rb_cChannel = Qnil;
+
+/* Used during the conversion of a hash to channel args during channel setup */
+static VALUE grpc_rb_cChannelArgs;
+
+typedef struct bg_watched_channel {
+  grpc_channel* channel;
+  // these fields must only be accessed under global_connection_polling_mu
+  struct bg_watched_channel* next;
+  int channel_destroyed;
+  int refcount;
+} bg_watched_channel;
+
+/* grpc_rb_channel wraps a grpc_channel. */
+typedef struct grpc_rb_channel {
+  VALUE credentials;
+
+  /* The actual channel (protected in a wrapper to tell when it's safe to
+   * destroy) */
+  bg_watched_channel* bg_wrapped;
+} grpc_rb_channel;
+
+typedef enum { CONTINUOUS_WATCH, WATCH_STATE_API } watch_state_op_type;
+
+typedef struct watch_state_op {
+  watch_state_op_type op_type;
+  // from event.success
+  union {
+    struct {
+      int success;
+      // has been called back due to a cq next call
+      int called_back;
+    } api_callback_args;
+    struct {
+      bg_watched_channel* bg;
+    } continuous_watch_callback_args;
+  } op;
+} watch_state_op;
+
+static bg_watched_channel* bg_watched_channel_list_head = NULL;
+
+static void grpc_rb_channel_try_register_connection_polling(
+    bg_watched_channel* bg);
+static void* wait_until_channel_polling_thread_started_no_gil(void*);
+static void wait_until_channel_polling_thread_started_unblocking_func(void*);
+static void* channel_init_try_register_connection_polling_without_gil(
+    void* arg);
+
+typedef struct channel_init_try_register_stack {
+  grpc_channel* channel;
+  grpc_rb_channel* wrapper;
+} channel_init_try_register_stack;
+
+static grpc_completion_queue* channel_polling_cq;
+static gpr_mu global_connection_polling_mu;
+static gpr_cv global_connection_polling_cv;
+static int abort_channel_polling = 0;
+static int channel_polling_thread_started = 0;
+
+static int bg_watched_channel_list_lookup(bg_watched_channel* bg);
+static bg_watched_channel* bg_watched_channel_list_create_and_add(
+    grpc_channel* channel);
+static void bg_watched_channel_list_free_and_remove(bg_watched_channel* bg);
+static void run_poll_channels_loop_unblocking_func(void* arg);
+
+// Needs to be called under global_connection_polling_mu
+static void grpc_rb_channel_watch_connection_state_op_complete(
+    watch_state_op* op, int success) {
+  GPR_ASSERT(!op->op.api_callback_args.called_back);
+  op->op.api_callback_args.called_back = 1;
+  op->op.api_callback_args.success = success;
+  // wake up the watch API call thats waiting on this op
+  gpr_cv_broadcast(&global_connection_polling_cv);
+}
+
+/* Avoids destroying a channel twice. */
+static void grpc_rb_channel_safe_destroy(bg_watched_channel* bg) {
+  gpr_mu_lock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
+  GPR_ASSERT(bg_watched_channel_list_lookup(bg));
+  if (!bg->channel_destroyed) {
+    grpc_channel_destroy(bg->channel);
+    bg->channel_destroyed = 1;
+  }
+  bg->refcount--;
+  if (bg->refcount == 0) {
+    bg_watched_channel_list_free_and_remove(bg);
+  }
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
+}
+
+static void* channel_safe_destroy_without_gil(void* arg) {
+  grpc_rb_channel_safe_destroy((bg_watched_channel*)arg);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Destroys Channel instances. */
+static void grpc_rb_channel_free(void* p) {
+  grpc_rb_channel* ch = NULL;
+  if (p == NULL) {
+    return;
+  };
+  ch = (grpc_rb_channel*)p;
+
+  if (ch->bg_wrapped != NULL) {
+    /* assumption made here: it's ok to directly gpr_mu_lock the global
+     * connection polling mutex becuse we're in a finalizer,
+     * and we can count on this thread to not be interrupted or
+     * yield the gil. */
+    grpc_rb_channel_safe_destroy(ch->bg_wrapped);
+    ch->bg_wrapped = NULL;
+  }
+
+  xfree(p);
+}
+
+/* Protects the mark object from GC */
+static void grpc_rb_channel_mark(void* p) {
+  grpc_rb_channel* channel = NULL;
+  if (p == NULL) {
+    return;
+  }
+  channel = (grpc_rb_channel*)p;
+  if (channel->credentials != Qnil) {
+    rb_gc_mark(channel->credentials);
+  }
+}
+
+static rb_data_type_t grpc_channel_data_type = {"grpc_channel",
+                                                {grpc_rb_channel_mark,
+                                                 grpc_rb_channel_free,
+                                                 GRPC_RB_MEMSIZE_UNAVAILABLE,
+                                                 {NULL, NULL}},
+                                                NULL,
+                                                NULL,
+#ifdef RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
+                                                RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
+#endif
+};
+
+/* Allocates grpc_rb_channel instances. */
+static VALUE grpc_rb_channel_alloc(VALUE cls) {
+  grpc_rb_channel* wrapper = ALLOC(grpc_rb_channel);
+  wrapper->bg_wrapped = NULL;
+  wrapper->credentials = Qnil;
+  return TypedData_Wrap_Struct(cls, &grpc_channel_data_type, wrapper);
+}
+
+/*
+  call-seq:
+    insecure_channel = Channel:new("myhost:8080", {'arg1': 'value1'},
+                                   :this_channel_is_insecure)
+    creds = ...
+    secure_channel = Channel:new("myhost:443", {'arg1': 'value1'}, creds)
+
+  Creates channel instances. */
+static VALUE grpc_rb_channel_init(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
+  VALUE channel_args = Qnil;
+  VALUE credentials = Qnil;
+  VALUE target = Qnil;
+  grpc_rb_channel* wrapper = NULL;
+  grpc_channel* ch = NULL;
+  grpc_channel_credentials* creds = NULL;
+  char* target_chars = NULL;
+  grpc_channel_args args;
+  channel_init_try_register_stack stack;
+  int stop_waiting_for_thread_start = 0;
+  MEMZERO(&args, grpc_channel_args, 1);
+
+  grpc_ruby_once_init();
+  rb_thread_call_without_gvl(
+      wait_until_channel_polling_thread_started_no_gil,
+      &stop_waiting_for_thread_start,
+      wait_until_channel_polling_thread_started_unblocking_func,
+      &stop_waiting_for_thread_start);
+
+  /* "3" == 3 mandatory args */
+  rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "3", &target, &channel_args, &credentials);
+
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, grpc_rb_channel, &grpc_channel_data_type, wrapper);
+  target_chars = StringValueCStr(target);
+  grpc_rb_hash_convert_to_channel_args(channel_args, &args);
+  if (TYPE(credentials) == T_SYMBOL) {
+    if (id_insecure_channel != SYM2ID(credentials)) {
+      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError,
+               "bad creds symbol, want :this_channel_is_insecure");
+      return Qnil;
+    }
+    ch = grpc_insecure_channel_create(target_chars, &args, NULL);
+  } else {
+    wrapper->credentials = credentials;
+    creds = grpc_rb_get_wrapped_channel_credentials(credentials);
+    ch = grpc_secure_channel_create(creds, target_chars, &args, NULL);
+  }
+
+  GPR_ASSERT(ch);
+  stack.channel = ch;
+  stack.wrapper = wrapper;
+  rb_thread_call_without_gvl(
+      channel_init_try_register_connection_polling_without_gil, &stack, NULL,
+      NULL);
+
+  if (args.args != NULL) {
+    xfree(args.args); /* Allocated by grpc_rb_hash_convert_to_channel_args */
+  }
+  if (ch == NULL) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "could not create an rpc channel to target:%s",
+             target_chars);
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+  rb_ivar_set(self, id_target, target);
+  return self;
+}
+
+typedef struct get_state_stack {
+  bg_watched_channel* bg;
+  int try_to_connect;
+  int out;
+} get_state_stack;
+
+static void* get_state_without_gil(void* arg) {
+  get_state_stack* stack = (get_state_stack*)arg;
+
+  gpr_mu_lock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
+  GPR_ASSERT(abort_channel_polling || channel_polling_thread_started);
+  if (stack->bg->channel_destroyed) {
+    stack->out = GRPC_CHANNEL_SHUTDOWN;
+  } else {
+    stack->out = grpc_channel_check_connectivity_state(stack->bg->channel,
+                                                       stack->try_to_connect);
+  }
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+  call-seq:
+    ch.connectivity_state       -> state
+    ch.connectivity_state(true) -> state
+
+  Indicates the current state of the channel, whose value is one of the
+  constants defined in GRPC::Core::ConnectivityStates.
+
+  It also tries to connect if the chennel is idle in the second form. */
+static VALUE grpc_rb_channel_get_connectivity_state(int argc, VALUE* argv,
+                                                    VALUE self) {
+  VALUE try_to_connect_param = Qfalse;
+  grpc_rb_channel* wrapper = NULL;
+  get_state_stack stack;
+
+  /* "01" == 0 mandatory args, 1 (try_to_connect) is optional */
+  rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &try_to_connect_param);
+
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, grpc_rb_channel, &grpc_channel_data_type, wrapper);
+  if (wrapper->bg_wrapped == NULL) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "closed!");
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+
+  stack.bg = wrapper->bg_wrapped;
+  stack.try_to_connect = RTEST(try_to_connect_param) ? 1 : 0;
+  rb_thread_call_without_gvl(get_state_without_gil, &stack, NULL, NULL);
+
+  return LONG2NUM(stack.out);
+}
+
+typedef struct watch_state_stack {
+  bg_watched_channel* bg_wrapped;
+  gpr_timespec deadline;
+  int last_state;
+} watch_state_stack;
+
+static void* wait_for_watch_state_op_complete_without_gvl(void* arg) {
+  watch_state_stack* stack = (watch_state_stack*)arg;
+  watch_state_op* op = NULL;
+  void* success = (void*)0;
+
+  gpr_mu_lock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
+  // its unsafe to do a "watch" after "channel polling abort" because the cq has
+  // been shut down.
+  if (abort_channel_polling || stack->bg_wrapped->channel_destroyed) {
+    gpr_mu_unlock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
+    return (void*)0;
+  }
+  op = gpr_zalloc(sizeof(watch_state_op));
+  op->op_type = WATCH_STATE_API;
+  grpc_channel_watch_connectivity_state(stack->bg_wrapped->channel,
+                                        stack->last_state, stack->deadline,
+                                        channel_polling_cq, op);
+
+  while (!op->op.api_callback_args.called_back) {
+    gpr_cv_wait(&global_connection_polling_cv, &global_connection_polling_mu,
+                gpr_inf_future(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME));
+  }
+  if (op->op.api_callback_args.success) {
+    success = (void*)1;
+  }
+  gpr_free(op);
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
+
+  return success;
+}
+static void wait_for_watch_state_op_complete_unblocking_func(void* arg) {
+  bg_watched_channel* bg = (bg_watched_channel*)arg;
+  gpr_mu_lock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
+  if (!bg->channel_destroyed) {
+    grpc_channel_destroy(bg->channel);
+    bg->channel_destroyed = 1;
+  }
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
+}
+
+/* Wait until the channel's connectivity state becomes different from
+ * "last_state", or "deadline" expires.
+ * Returns true if the channel's connectivity state becomes different
+ * from "last_state" within "deadline".
+ * Returns false if "deadline" expires before the channel's connectivity
+ * state changes from "last_state".
+ * */
+static VALUE grpc_rb_channel_watch_connectivity_state(VALUE self,
+                                                      VALUE last_state,
+                                                      VALUE deadline) {
+  grpc_rb_channel* wrapper = NULL;
+  watch_state_stack stack;
+  void* op_success = 0;
+
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, grpc_rb_channel, &grpc_channel_data_type, wrapper);
+
+  if (wrapper->bg_wrapped == NULL) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "closed!");
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+
+  if (!FIXNUM_P(last_state)) {
+    rb_raise(
+        rb_eTypeError,
+        "bad type for last_state. want a GRPC::Core::ChannelState constant");
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+
+  stack.bg_wrapped = wrapper->bg_wrapped;
+  stack.deadline = grpc_rb_time_timeval(deadline, 0),
+  stack.last_state = NUM2LONG(last_state);
+
+  op_success = rb_thread_call_without_gvl(
+      wait_for_watch_state_op_complete_without_gvl, &stack,
+      wait_for_watch_state_op_complete_unblocking_func, wrapper->bg_wrapped);
+
+  return op_success ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
+
+/* Create a call given a grpc_channel, in order to call method. The request
+   is not sent until grpc_call_invoke is called. */
+static VALUE grpc_rb_channel_create_call(VALUE self, VALUE parent, VALUE mask,
+                                         VALUE method, VALUE host,
+                                         VALUE deadline) {
+  VALUE res = Qnil;
+  grpc_rb_channel* wrapper = NULL;
+  grpc_call* call = NULL;
+  grpc_call* parent_call = NULL;
+  grpc_completion_queue* cq = NULL;
+  int flags = GRPC_PROPAGATE_DEFAULTS;
+  grpc_slice method_slice;
+  grpc_slice host_slice;
+  grpc_slice* host_slice_ptr = NULL;
+  char* tmp_str = NULL;
+
+  if (host != Qnil) {
+    host_slice =
+        grpc_slice_from_copied_buffer(RSTRING_PTR(host), RSTRING_LEN(host));
+    host_slice_ptr = &host_slice;
+  }
+  if (mask != Qnil) {
+    flags = NUM2UINT(mask);
+  }
+  if (parent != Qnil) {
+    parent_call = grpc_rb_get_wrapped_call(parent);
+  }
+
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, grpc_rb_channel, &grpc_channel_data_type, wrapper);
+  if (wrapper->bg_wrapped == NULL) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "closed!");
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+
+  cq = grpc_completion_queue_create_for_pluck(NULL);
+  method_slice =
+      grpc_slice_from_copied_buffer(RSTRING_PTR(method), RSTRING_LEN(method));
+  call = grpc_channel_create_call(wrapper->bg_wrapped->channel, parent_call,
+                                  flags, cq, method_slice, host_slice_ptr,
+                                  grpc_rb_time_timeval(deadline,
+                                                       /* absolute time */ 0),
+                                  NULL);
+
+  if (call == NULL) {
+    tmp_str = grpc_slice_to_c_string(method_slice);
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "cannot create call with method %s", tmp_str);
+    return Qnil;
+  }
+
+  grpc_slice_unref(method_slice);
+  if (host_slice_ptr != NULL) {
+    grpc_slice_unref(host_slice);
+  }
+
+  res = grpc_rb_wrap_call(call, cq);
+
+  /* Make this channel an instance attribute of the call so that it is not GCed
+   * before the call. */
+  rb_ivar_set(res, id_channel, self);
+  return res;
+}
+
+/* Closes the channel, calling it's destroy method */
+/* Note this is an API-level call; a wrapped channel's finalizer doesn't call
+ * this */
+static VALUE grpc_rb_channel_destroy(VALUE self) {
+  grpc_rb_channel* wrapper = NULL;
+
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, grpc_rb_channel, &grpc_channel_data_type, wrapper);
+  if (wrapper->bg_wrapped != NULL) {
+    rb_thread_call_without_gvl(channel_safe_destroy_without_gil,
+                               wrapper->bg_wrapped, NULL, NULL);
+    wrapper->bg_wrapped = NULL;
+  }
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+/* Called to obtain the target that this channel accesses. */
+static VALUE grpc_rb_channel_get_target(VALUE self) {
+  grpc_rb_channel* wrapper = NULL;
+  VALUE res = Qnil;
+  char* target = NULL;
+
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, grpc_rb_channel, &grpc_channel_data_type, wrapper);
+  target = grpc_channel_get_target(wrapper->bg_wrapped->channel);
+  res = rb_str_new2(target);
+  gpr_free(target);
+
+  return res;
+}
+
+/* Needs to be called under global_connection_polling_mu */
+static int bg_watched_channel_list_lookup(bg_watched_channel* target) {
+  bg_watched_channel* cur = bg_watched_channel_list_head;
+
+  while (cur != NULL) {
+    if (cur == target) {
+      return 1;
+    }
+    cur = cur->next;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* Needs to be called under global_connection_polling_mu */
+static bg_watched_channel* bg_watched_channel_list_create_and_add(
+    grpc_channel* channel) {
+  bg_watched_channel* watched = gpr_zalloc(sizeof(bg_watched_channel));
+
+  watched->channel = channel;
+  watched->next = bg_watched_channel_list_head;
+  watched->refcount = 1;
+  bg_watched_channel_list_head = watched;
+  return watched;
+}
+
+/* Needs to be called under global_connection_polling_mu */
+static void bg_watched_channel_list_free_and_remove(
+    bg_watched_channel* target) {
+  bg_watched_channel* bg = NULL;
+
+  GPR_ASSERT(bg_watched_channel_list_lookup(target));
+  GPR_ASSERT(target->channel_destroyed && target->refcount == 0);
+  if (bg_watched_channel_list_head == target) {
+    bg_watched_channel_list_head = target->next;
+    gpr_free(target);
+    return;
+  }
+  bg = bg_watched_channel_list_head;
+  while (bg != NULL && bg->next != NULL) {
+    if (bg->next == target) {
+      bg->next = bg->next->next;
+      gpr_free(target);
+      return;
+    }
+    bg = bg->next;
+  }
+  GPR_ASSERT(0);
+}
+
+/* Initialize a grpc_rb_channel's "protected grpc_channel" and try to push
+ * it onto the background thread for constant watches. */
+static void* channel_init_try_register_connection_polling_without_gil(
+    void* arg) {
+  channel_init_try_register_stack* stack =
+      (channel_init_try_register_stack*)arg;
+
+  gpr_mu_lock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
+  stack->wrapper->bg_wrapped =
+      bg_watched_channel_list_create_and_add(stack->channel);
+  grpc_rb_channel_try_register_connection_polling(stack->wrapper->bg_wrapped);
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+// Needs to be called under global_connection_poolling_mu
+static void grpc_rb_channel_try_register_connection_polling(
+    bg_watched_channel* bg) {
+  grpc_connectivity_state conn_state;
+  watch_state_op* op = NULL;
+
+  GPR_ASSERT(channel_polling_thread_started || abort_channel_polling);
+
+  if (bg->refcount == 0) {
+    GPR_ASSERT(bg->channel_destroyed);
+    bg_watched_channel_list_free_and_remove(bg);
+    return;
+  }
+  GPR_ASSERT(bg->refcount == 1);
+  if (bg->channel_destroyed || abort_channel_polling) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  conn_state = grpc_channel_check_connectivity_state(bg->channel, 0);
+  if (conn_state == GRPC_CHANNEL_SHUTDOWN) {
+    return;
+  }
+  GPR_ASSERT(bg_watched_channel_list_lookup(bg));
+  // prevent bg from being free'd by GC while background thread is watching it
+  bg->refcount++;
+
+  op = gpr_zalloc(sizeof(watch_state_op));
+  op->op_type = CONTINUOUS_WATCH;
+  op->op.continuous_watch_callback_args.bg = bg;
+  grpc_channel_watch_connectivity_state(bg->channel, conn_state,
+                                        gpr_inf_future(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME),
+                                        channel_polling_cq, op);
+}
+
+// Note this loop breaks out with a single call of
+// "run_poll_channels_loop_no_gil".
+// This assumes that a ruby call the unblocking func
+// indicates process shutdown.
+// In the worst case, this stops polling channel connectivity
+// early and falls back to current behavior.
+static void* run_poll_channels_loop_no_gil(void* arg) {
+  grpc_event event;
+  watch_state_op* op = NULL;
+  bg_watched_channel* bg = NULL;
+  (void)arg;
+  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "GRPC_RUBY: run_poll_channels_loop_no_gil - begin");
+
+  gpr_mu_lock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
+  GPR_ASSERT(!channel_polling_thread_started);
+  channel_polling_thread_started = 1;
+  gpr_cv_broadcast(&global_connection_polling_cv);
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
+
+  for (;;) {
+    event = grpc_completion_queue_next(
+        channel_polling_cq, gpr_inf_future(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME), NULL);
+    if (event.type == GRPC_QUEUE_SHUTDOWN) {
+      break;
+    }
+    gpr_mu_lock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
+    if (event.type == GRPC_OP_COMPLETE) {
+      op = (watch_state_op*)event.tag;
+      if (op->op_type == CONTINUOUS_WATCH) {
+        bg = (bg_watched_channel*)op->op.continuous_watch_callback_args.bg;
+        bg->refcount--;
+        grpc_rb_channel_try_register_connection_polling(bg);
+        gpr_free(op);
+      } else if (op->op_type == WATCH_STATE_API) {
+        grpc_rb_channel_watch_connection_state_op_complete(
+            (watch_state_op*)event.tag, event.success);
+      } else {
+        GPR_ASSERT(0);
+      }
+    }
+    gpr_mu_unlock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
+  }
+  grpc_completion_queue_destroy(channel_polling_cq);
+  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG,
+          "GRPC_RUBY: run_poll_channels_loop_no_gil - exit connection polling "
+          "loop");
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+// Notify the channel polling loop to cleanup and shutdown.
+static void run_poll_channels_loop_unblocking_func(void* arg) {
+  bg_watched_channel* bg = NULL;
+  (void)arg;
+
+  gpr_mu_lock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
+  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG,
+          "GRPC_RUBY: run_poll_channels_loop_unblocking_func - begin aborting "
+          "connection polling");
+  // early out after first time through
+  if (abort_channel_polling) {
+    gpr_mu_unlock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
+    return;
+  }
+  abort_channel_polling = 1;
+
+  // force pending watches to end by switching to shutdown state
+  bg = bg_watched_channel_list_head;
+  while (bg != NULL) {
+    if (!bg->channel_destroyed) {
+      grpc_channel_destroy(bg->channel);
+      bg->channel_destroyed = 1;
+    }
+    bg = bg->next;
+  }
+
+  grpc_completion_queue_shutdown(channel_polling_cq);
+  gpr_cv_broadcast(&global_connection_polling_cv);
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
+  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG,
+          "GRPC_RUBY: run_poll_channels_loop_unblocking_func - end aborting "
+          "connection polling");
+}
+
+// Poll channel connectivity states in background thread without the GIL.
+static VALUE run_poll_channels_loop(VALUE arg) {
+  (void)arg;
+  gpr_log(
+      GPR_DEBUG,
+      "GRPC_RUBY: run_poll_channels_loop - create connection polling thread");
+  rb_thread_call_without_gvl(run_poll_channels_loop_no_gil, NULL,
+                             run_poll_channels_loop_unblocking_func, NULL);
+
+  return Qnil;
+}
+
+static void* wait_until_channel_polling_thread_started_no_gil(void* arg) {
+  int* stop_waiting = (int*)arg;
+  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "GRPC_RUBY: wait for channel polling thread to start");
+  gpr_mu_lock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
+  while (!channel_polling_thread_started && !abort_channel_polling &&
+         !*stop_waiting) {
+    gpr_cv_wait(&global_connection_polling_cv, &global_connection_polling_mu,
+                gpr_inf_future(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME));
+  }
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+static void wait_until_channel_polling_thread_started_unblocking_func(
+    void* arg) {
+  int* stop_waiting = (int*)arg;
+  gpr_mu_lock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
+  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG,
+          "GRPC_RUBY: interrupt wait for channel polling thread to start");
+  *stop_waiting = 1;
+  gpr_cv_broadcast(&global_connection_polling_cv);
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
+}
+
+static void* set_abort_channel_polling_without_gil(void* arg) {
+  (void)arg;
+  gpr_mu_lock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
+  abort_channel_polling = 1;
+  gpr_cv_broadcast(&global_connection_polling_cv);
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Temporary fix for
+ * https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/google-cloud-ruby/issues/899.
+ * Transports in idle channels can get destroyed. Normally c-core re-connects,
+ * but in grpc-ruby core never gets a thread until an RPC is made, because ruby
+ * only calls c-core's "completion_queu_pluck" API.
+ * This uses a global background thread that calls
+ * "completion_queue_next" on registered "watch_channel_connectivity_state"
+ * calls - so that c-core can reconnect if needed, when there aren't any RPC's.
+ * TODO(apolcyn) remove this when core handles new RPCs on dead connections.
+ */
+void grpc_rb_channel_polling_thread_start() {
+  VALUE background_thread = Qnil;
+
+  GPR_ASSERT(!abort_channel_polling);
+  GPR_ASSERT(!channel_polling_thread_started);
+  GPR_ASSERT(channel_polling_cq == NULL);
+
+  gpr_mu_init(&global_connection_polling_mu);
+  gpr_cv_init(&global_connection_polling_cv);
+
+  channel_polling_cq = grpc_completion_queue_create_for_next(NULL);
+  background_thread = rb_thread_create(run_poll_channels_loop, NULL);
+
+  if (!RTEST(background_thread)) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "GRPC_RUBY: failed to spawn channel polling thread");
+    rb_thread_call_without_gvl(set_abort_channel_polling_without_gil, NULL,
+                               NULL, NULL);
+  }
+}
+
+static void Init_grpc_propagate_masks() {
+  /* Constants representing call propagation masks in grpc.h */
+  VALUE grpc_rb_mPropagateMasks =
+      rb_define_module_under(grpc_rb_mGrpcCore, "PropagateMasks");
+  rb_define_const(grpc_rb_mPropagateMasks, "DEADLINE",
+                  UINT2NUM(GRPC_PROPAGATE_DEADLINE));
+  rb_define_const(grpc_rb_mPropagateMasks, "CENSUS_STATS_CONTEXT",
+                  UINT2NUM(GRPC_PROPAGATE_CENSUS_STATS_CONTEXT));
+  rb_define_const(grpc_rb_mPropagateMasks, "CENSUS_TRACING_CONTEXT",
+                  UINT2NUM(GRPC_PROPAGATE_CENSUS_TRACING_CONTEXT));
+  rb_define_const(grpc_rb_mPropagateMasks, "CANCELLATION",
+                  UINT2NUM(GRPC_PROPAGATE_CANCELLATION));
+  rb_define_const(grpc_rb_mPropagateMasks, "DEFAULTS",
+                  UINT2NUM(GRPC_PROPAGATE_DEFAULTS));
+}
+
+static void Init_grpc_connectivity_states() {
+  /* Constants representing call propagation masks in grpc.h */
+  VALUE grpc_rb_mConnectivityStates =
+      rb_define_module_under(grpc_rb_mGrpcCore, "ConnectivityStates");
+  rb_define_const(grpc_rb_mConnectivityStates, "IDLE",
+                  LONG2NUM(GRPC_CHANNEL_IDLE));
+  rb_define_const(grpc_rb_mConnectivityStates, "CONNECTING",
+                  LONG2NUM(GRPC_CHANNEL_CONNECTING));
+  rb_define_const(grpc_rb_mConnectivityStates, "READY",
+                  LONG2NUM(GRPC_CHANNEL_READY));
+  rb_define_const(grpc_rb_mConnectivityStates, "TRANSIENT_FAILURE",
+                  LONG2NUM(GRPC_CHANNEL_TRANSIENT_FAILURE));
+  rb_define_const(grpc_rb_mConnectivityStates, "FATAL_FAILURE",
+                  LONG2NUM(GRPC_CHANNEL_SHUTDOWN));
+}
+
+void Init_grpc_channel() {
+  grpc_rb_cChannelArgs = rb_define_class("TmpChannelArgs", rb_cObject);
+  grpc_rb_cChannel =
+      rb_define_class_under(grpc_rb_mGrpcCore, "Channel", rb_cObject);
+
+  /* Allocates an object managed by the ruby runtime */
+  rb_define_alloc_func(grpc_rb_cChannel, grpc_rb_channel_alloc);
+
+  /* Provides a ruby constructor and support for dup/clone. */
+  rb_define_method(grpc_rb_cChannel, "initialize", grpc_rb_channel_init, -1);
+  rb_define_method(grpc_rb_cChannel, "initialize_copy",
+                   grpc_rb_cannot_init_copy, 1);
+
+  /* Add ruby analogues of the Channel methods. */
+  rb_define_method(grpc_rb_cChannel, "connectivity_state",
+                   grpc_rb_channel_get_connectivity_state, -1);
+  rb_define_method(grpc_rb_cChannel, "watch_connectivity_state",
+                   grpc_rb_channel_watch_connectivity_state, 2);
+  rb_define_method(grpc_rb_cChannel, "create_call", grpc_rb_channel_create_call,
+                   5);
+  rb_define_method(grpc_rb_cChannel, "target", grpc_rb_channel_get_target, 0);
+  rb_define_method(grpc_rb_cChannel, "destroy", grpc_rb_channel_destroy, 0);
+  rb_define_alias(grpc_rb_cChannel, "close", "destroy");
+
+  id_channel = rb_intern("__channel");
+  id_target = rb_intern("__target");
+  rb_define_const(grpc_rb_cChannel, "SSL_TARGET",
+                  ID2SYM(rb_intern(GRPC_SSL_TARGET_NAME_OVERRIDE_ARG)));
+  rb_define_const(grpc_rb_cChannel, "ENABLE_CENSUS",
+                  ID2SYM(rb_intern(GRPC_ARG_ENABLE_CENSUS)));
+  rb_define_const(grpc_rb_cChannel, "MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS",
+                  ID2SYM(rb_intern(GRPC_ARG_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS)));
+  rb_define_const(grpc_rb_cChannel, "MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH",
+                  ID2SYM(rb_intern(GRPC_ARG_MAX_RECEIVE_MESSAGE_LENGTH)));
+  id_insecure_channel = rb_intern("this_channel_is_insecure");
+  Init_grpc_propagate_masks();
+  Init_grpc_connectivity_states();
+}
+
+/* Gets the wrapped channel from the ruby wrapper */
+grpc_channel* grpc_rb_get_wrapped_channel(VALUE v) {
+  grpc_rb_channel* wrapper = NULL;
+  TypedData_Get_Struct(v, grpc_rb_channel, &grpc_channel_data_type, wrapper);
+  return wrapper->bg_wrapped->channel;
+}