exiftool_vendored 9.33.0

This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.
Files changed (864) hide show
  1. checksums.yaml +15 -0
  2. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/Changes +6241 -0
  3. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/MANIFEST +859 -0
  4. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/META.yml +27 -0
  5. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/Makefile.PL +41 -0
  6. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/README +227 -0
  7. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/arg_files/exif2iptc.args +24 -0
  8. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/arg_files/exif2xmp.args +38 -0
  9. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/arg_files/gps2xmp.args +20 -0
  10. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/arg_files/iptc2exif.args +17 -0
  11. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/arg_files/iptc2xmp.args +53 -0
  12. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/arg_files/iptcCore.args +172 -0
  13. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/arg_files/pdf2xmp.args +23 -0
  14. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/arg_files/xmp2exif.args +39 -0
  15. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/arg_files/xmp2gps.args +24 -0
  16. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/arg_files/xmp2iptc.args +62 -0
  17. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/arg_files/xmp2pdf.args +23 -0
  18. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/config_files/ExifTool_config +299 -0
  19. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/config_files/convert_regions.config +81 -0
  20. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/exiftool +5715 -0
  21. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/fmt_files/gpx.fmt +29 -0
  22. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/fmt_files/gpx_wpt.fmt +33 -0
  23. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/fmt_files/kml.fmt +53 -0
  24. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/ExifTool.html +1959 -0
  25. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/MIE1.1-20070121.pdf +0 -0
  26. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/Shift.html +173 -0
  27. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/AFCP.html +53 -0
  28. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/AIFF.html +146 -0
  29. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/APE.html +149 -0
  30. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/APP12.html +188 -0
  31. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/ASF.html +1066 -0
  32. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/BMP.html +110 -0
  33. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Canon.html +8062 -0
  34. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/CanonCustom.html +2044 -0
  35. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/CanonRaw.html +561 -0
  36. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/CanonVRD.html +1222 -0
  37. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Casio.html +1569 -0
  38. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Composite.html +665 -0
  39. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/DICOM.html +15762 -0
  40. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/DNG.html +273 -0
  41. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/DV.html +75 -0
  42. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/DarwinCore.html +1445 -0
  43. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/DjVu.html +313 -0
  44. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/EXE.html +697 -0
  45. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/EXIF.html +3244 -0
  46. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Extra.html +301 -0
  47. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/FLAC.html +183 -0
  48. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/FLIR.html +931 -0
  49. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Flash.html +419 -0
  50. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/FlashPix.html +1435 -0
  51. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Font.html +485 -0
  52. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/FotoStation.html +103 -0
  53. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/FujiFilm.html +637 -0
  54. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/GE.html +40 -0
  55. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/GIF.html +116 -0
  56. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/GIMP.html +140 -0
  57. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/GPS.html +222 -0
  58. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/GeoTiff.html +2177 -0
  59. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/H264.html +393 -0
  60. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/HP.html +155 -0
  61. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/HTML.html +666 -0
  62. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/ICC_Profile.html +710 -0
  63. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/ID3.html +1473 -0
  64. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/IPTC.html +895 -0
  65. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/ITC.html +90 -0
  66. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/JFIF.html +61 -0
  67. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/JPEG.html +523 -0
  68. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/JVC.html +56 -0
  69. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Jpeg2000.html +464 -0
  70. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Kodak.html +1759 -0
  71. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/KyoceraRaw.html +92 -0
  72. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/LNK.html +478 -0
  73. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Leaf.html +870 -0
  74. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/M2TS.html +133 -0
  75. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/MIE.html +1026 -0
  76. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/MIFF.html +196 -0
  77. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/MNG.html +847 -0
  78. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/MPC.html +97 -0
  79. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/MPEG.html +249 -0
  80. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/MPF.html +199 -0
  81. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/MWG.html +563 -0
  82. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/MXF.html +6673 -0
  83. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Matroska.html +1069 -0
  84. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Microsoft.html +2066 -0
  85. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Minolta.html +2555 -0
  86. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/MinoltaRaw.html +326 -0
  87. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Nikon.html +4467 -0
  88. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/NikonCapture.html +776 -0
  89. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/NikonCustom.html +3835 -0
  90. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/OOXML.html +280 -0
  91. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Ogg.html +44 -0
  92. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Olympus.html +3386 -0
  93. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/OpenEXR.html +222 -0
  94. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/PDF.html +745 -0
  95. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/PGF.html +80 -0
  96. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/PICT.html +753 -0
  97. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/PLIST.html +86 -0
  98. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/PNG.html +515 -0
  99. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/PSP.html +160 -0
  100. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Panasonic.html +1452 -0
  101. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/PanasonicRaw.html +214 -0
  102. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Pentax.html +4332 -0
  103. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/PhaseOne.html +258 -0
  104. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/PhotoCD.html +402 -0
  105. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/PhotoMechanic.html +196 -0
  106. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Photoshop.html +555 -0
  107. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/PostScript.html +125 -0
  108. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/PrintIM.html +31 -0
  109. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Qualcomm.html +4778 -0
  110. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/QuickTime.html +3104 -0
  111. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/RIFF.html +1164 -0
  112. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/RSRC.html +74 -0
  113. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/RTF.html +150 -0
  114. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Radiance.html +87 -0
  115. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Rawzor.html +45 -0
  116. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Real.html +780 -0
  117. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Reconyx.html +132 -0
  118. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Ricoh.html +456 -0
  119. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Samsung.html +419 -0
  120. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Sanyo.html +366 -0
  121. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Shortcuts.html +237 -0
  122. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Sigma.html +372 -0
  123. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/SigmaRaw.html +403 -0
  124. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Sony.html +4279 -0
  125. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/SonyIDC.html +267 -0
  126. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Stim.html +200 -0
  127. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Theora.html +102 -0
  128. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Unknown.html +31 -0
  129. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Vorbis.html +228 -0
  130. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/XMP.html +7234 -0
  131. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/ZIP.html +204 -0
  132. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/iWork.html +49 -0
  133. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/index.html +192 -0
  134. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/style.css +31 -0
  135. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/ancient_history.html +6727 -0
  136. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/canon_raw.html +366 -0
  137. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/commentary.html +319 -0
  138. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/config.html +312 -0
  139. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/data_members.html +265 -0
  140. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/exiftool_pod.html +2338 -0
  141. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/faq.html +1434 -0
  142. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/filename.html +281 -0
  143. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/geotag.html +642 -0
  144. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/history.html +358 -0
  145. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/htmldump.html +732 -0
  146. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/idiosyncracies.html +251 -0
  147. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/index.html +1271 -0
  148. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/install.html +239 -0
  149. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/metafiles.html +266 -0
  150. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/overview.png +0 -0
  151. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/standards.html +277 -0
  152. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/struct.html +342 -0
  153. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/style.css +31 -0
  154. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/under.html +124 -0
  155. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/verbose.html +195 -0
  156. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/writing.html +239 -0
  157. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/File/RandomAccess.pm +378 -0
  158. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/File/RandomAccess.pod +231 -0
  159. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool.pm +6815 -0
  160. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool.pod +2385 -0
  161. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/AES.pm +501 -0
  162. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/AFCP.pm +284 -0
  163. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/AIFF.pm +271 -0
  164. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/APE.pm +262 -0
  165. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/APP12.pm +322 -0
  166. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/ASF.pm +884 -0
  167. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/BMP.pm +179 -0
  168. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/BZZ.pm +472 -0
  169. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/BigTIFF.pm +282 -0
  170. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/BuildTagLookup.pm +2400 -0
  171. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Canon.pm +7794 -0
  172. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/CanonCustom.pm +2523 -0
  173. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/CanonRaw.pm +931 -0
  174. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/CanonVRD.pm +1481 -0
  175. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/CaptureOne.pm +235 -0
  176. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Casio.pm +2013 -0
  177. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset.pm +396 -0
  178. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/Arabic.pm +39 -0
  179. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/Baltic.pm +35 -0
  180. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/Cyrillic.pm +45 -0
  181. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/Greek.pm +40 -0
  182. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/Hebrew.pm +36 -0
  183. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/JIS.pm +1735 -0
  184. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/Latin.pm +24 -0
  185. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/Latin2.pm +36 -0
  186. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/MacArabic.pm +47 -0
  187. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/MacChineseCN.pm +2088 -0
  188. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/MacChineseTW.pm +3623 -0
  189. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/MacCroatian.pm +43 -0
  190. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/MacCyrillic.pm +47 -0
  191. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/MacGreek.pm +45 -0
  192. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/MacHebrew.pm +47 -0
  193. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/MacIceland.pm +42 -0
  194. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/MacJapanese.pm +1933 -0
  195. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/MacKorean.pm +2720 -0
  196. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/MacLatin2.pm +44 -0
  197. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/MacRSymbol.pm +2087 -0
  198. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/MacRoman.pm +42 -0
  199. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/MacRomanian.pm +42 -0
  200. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/MacThai.pm +49 -0
  201. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/MacTurkish.pm +42 -0
  202. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/PDFDoc.pm +28 -0
  203. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/ShiftJIS.pm +1835 -0
  204. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/Symbol.pm +54 -0
  205. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/Thai.pm +41 -0
  206. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/Turkish.pm +25 -0
  207. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/Vietnam.pm +27 -0
  208. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/DICOM.pm +3835 -0
  209. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/DNG.pm +835 -0
  210. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/DV.pm +319 -0
  211. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/DarwinCore.pm +317 -0
  212. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/DjVu.pm +376 -0
  213. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/EXE.pm +1228 -0
  214. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Exif.pm +4542 -0
  215. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/FLAC.pm +296 -0
  216. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/FLIR.pm +972 -0
  217. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Fixup.pm +354 -0
  218. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Flash.pm +755 -0
  219. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/FlashPix.pm +1882 -0
  220. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Font.pm +643 -0
  221. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/FotoStation.pm +258 -0
  222. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/FujiFilm.pm +1020 -0
  223. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/GE.pm +80 -0
  224. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/GIF.pm +542 -0
  225. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/GIMP.pm +258 -0
  226. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/GPS.pm +511 -0
  227. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/GeoTiff.pm +2187 -0
  228. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Geotag.pm +1173 -0
  229. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/H264.pm +1102 -0
  230. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/HP.pm +262 -0
  231. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/HTML.pm +576 -0
  232. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/HtmlDump.pm +895 -0
  233. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/ICC_Profile.pm +999 -0
  234. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/ID3.pm +1532 -0
  235. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/IPTC.pm +1244 -0
  236. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/ITC.pm +215 -0
  237. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Import.pm +308 -0
  238. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/InDesign.pm +277 -0
  239. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/JPEG.pm +588 -0
  240. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/JPEGDigest.pm +2511 -0
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data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/exiftool_pod.html ADDED
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+ <?xml version="1.0" ?>
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+ <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+ <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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+ <head>
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+ <title>exiftool Application Documentation</title>
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+ <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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+ <link rev="made" href="mailto:_securityagent@gamma.local" />
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+ </head>
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+
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+ <body style="background-color: white">
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+ <table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3">
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+ <tr><td class="block" style="background-color: #cccccc" valign="middle">
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+ <big><strong><span class="block">&nbsp;exiftool Application Documentation</span></strong></big>
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+ </td></tr>
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+ </table>
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+
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+
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+ <!-- INDEX BEGIN -->
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+ <div name="index">
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+ <p><a name="__index__"></a></p>
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+
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+ <ul>
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+
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+ <li><a href="#name">NAME</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#synopsis">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#description">DESCRIPTION</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#options">OPTIONS</a></li>
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+ <ul>
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+
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+ <li><a href="#option_summary">Option Summary</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#option_details">Option Details</a></li>
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+ <ul>
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+
34
+ <li><a href="#tag_operations">Tag operations</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#input_output_text_formatting">Input-output text formatting</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#processing_control">Processing control</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#special_features">Special features</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#utilities">Utilities</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#other_options">Other options</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#advanced_options">Advanced options</a></li>
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+ </ul>
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+
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+ </ul>
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+
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+ <li><a href="#reading_examples">READING EXAMPLES</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#writing_examples">WRITING EXAMPLES</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#copying_examples">COPYING EXAMPLES</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#renaming_examples">RENAMING EXAMPLES</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#geotagging_examples">GEOTAGGING EXAMPLES</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#piping_examples">PIPING EXAMPLES</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#diagnostics">DIAGNOSTICS</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#author">AUTHOR</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#see_also">SEE ALSO</a></li>
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+ </ul>
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+
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+ <hr name="index" />
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+ </div>
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+ <!-- INDEX END -->
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+
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+ <p>
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+ </p>
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+ <h1><a name="name">NAME</a></h1>
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+ <p>exiftool - Read and write meta information in files</p>
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+ <p>
65
+ </p>
66
+ <hr />
67
+ <h1><a name="synopsis">SYNOPSIS</a></h1>
68
+ <dl>
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+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_options_tag_tag_file" class="item"><strong>exiftool</strong> [<em>OPTIONS</em>] [-<em>TAG</em>...] [--<em>TAG</em>...] <em>FILE</em>...</a></strong></dt>
70
+
71
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_options_tag_value_file" class="item"><strong>exiftool</strong> [<em>OPTIONS</em>] -<em>TAG</em>[+-&lt;]=[<em>VALUE</em>]... <em>FILE</em>...</a></strong></dt>
72
+
73
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_options_tagsfromfile_srcfile_srctag_dsttag_file" class="item"><strong>exiftool</strong> [<em>OPTIONS</em>] <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> <em>SRCFILE</em>
74
+ [-<em>SRCTAG</em>[&gt;<em>DSTTAG</em>]...] <em>FILE</em>...</a></strong></dt>
75
+
76
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_ver_list_w_f_r_wf_g_num_d_x" class="item"><strong>exiftool</strong> [ <strong>-ver</strong> |
77
+ <strong>-list</strong>[<strong>w</strong>|<strong>f</strong>|<strong>r</strong>|<strong>wf</strong>|<strong>g</strong>[<em>NUM</em>]|<strong>d</strong>|<strong>x</strong>] ]</a></strong></dt>
78
+
79
+ </dl>
80
+ <p>For specific examples, see the <a href="#reading_examples">EXAMPLES</a> sections below.</p>
81
+ <p>This documentation is displayed if exiftool is run without an input <em>FILE</em>
82
+ when one is expected.</p>
83
+ <p>
84
+ </p>
85
+ <hr />
86
+ <h1><a name="description">DESCRIPTION</a></h1>
87
+ <p>A command-line interface to <a href="ExifTool.html">Image::ExifTool</a>, used for
88
+ reading and writing meta information in a variety of file types. <em>FILE</em> is
89
+ one or more source file names, directory names, or <code>-</code> for the standard
90
+ input. Information is read from source files and printed in readable form
91
+ to the console (or written to output text files with <strong>-w</strong>).</p>
92
+ <p>To write or delete information, tag values are assigned using the
93
+ -<em>TAG</em>=[<em>VALUE</em>] syntax, or the <strong>-geotag</strong> option. To copy or move
94
+ information, the <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> feature is used. By default the original
95
+ files are preserved with <code>_original</code> appended to their names -- be sure to
96
+ verify that the new files are OK before erasing the originals. Once in
97
+ write mode, exiftool will ignore any read-specific options.</p>
98
+ <p>Note: If <em>FILE</em> is a directory name then only supported file types in the
99
+ directory are processed (in write mode only writable types are processed).
100
+ However, files may be specified by name, or the <strong>-ext</strong> option may be used
101
+ to force processing of files with any extension.</p>
102
+ <p>Below is a list of file types and meta information formats currently
103
+ supported by ExifTool (r = read, w = write, c = create):</p>
104
+ <pre>
105
+ File Types
106
+ ------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+------------
107
+ 3FR r | EIP r | LA r | ORF r/w | RSRC r
108
+ 3G2 r | EPS r/w | LNK r | OTF r | RTF r
109
+ 3GP r | ERF r/w | M2TS r | PAC r | RW2 r/w
110
+ ACR r | EXE r | M4A/V r | PAGES r | RWL r/w
111
+ AFM r | EXIF r/w/c | MEF r/w | PBM r/w | RWZ r
112
+ AI r/w | EXR r | MIE r/w/c | PCD r | RM r
113
+ AIFF r | F4A/V r | MIFF r | PDF r/w | SO r
114
+ APE r | FFF r/w | MKA r | PEF r/w | SR2 r/w
115
+ ARW r/w | FLA r | MKS r | PFA r | SRF r
116
+ ASF r | FLAC r | MKV r | PFB r | SRW r/w
117
+ AVI r | FLV r | MNG r/w | PFM r | SVG r
118
+ BMP r | FPF r | MODD r | PGF r | SWF r
119
+ BTF r | FPX r | MOS r/w | PGM r/w | THM r/w
120
+ CHM r | GIF r/w | MOV r | PLIST r | TIFF r/w
121
+ COS r | GZ r | MP3 r | PICT r | TTC r
122
+ CR2 r/w | HDP r/w | MP4 r | PMP r | TTF r
123
+ CRW r/w | HDR r | MPC r | PNG r/w | VRD r/w/c
124
+ CS1 r/w | HTML r | MPG r | PPM r/w | VSD r
125
+ DCM r | ICC r/w/c | MPO r/w | PPT r | WAV r
126
+ DCP r/w | IDML r | MQV r | PPTX r | WDP r/w
127
+ DCR r | IIQ r/w | MRW r/w | PS r/w | WEBP r
128
+ DFONT r | IND r/w | MXF r | PSB r/w | WEBM r
129
+ DIVX r | INX r | NEF r/w | PSD r/w | WMA r
130
+ DJVU r | ITC r | NRW r/w | PSP r | WMV r
131
+ DLL r | J2C r | NUMBERS r | QTIF r | WV r
132
+ DNG r/w | JNG r/w | ODP r | RA r | X3F r/w
133
+ DOC r | JP2 r/w | ODS r | RAF r/w | XCF r
134
+ DOCX r | JPEG r/w | ODT r | RAM r | XLS r
135
+ DV r | K25 r | OFR r | RAR r | XLSX r
136
+ DVB r | KDC r | OGG r | RAW r/w | XMP r/w/c
137
+ DYLIB r | KEY r | OGV r | RIFF r | ZIP r</pre>
138
+ <pre>
139
+ Meta Information
140
+ ----------------------+----------------------+---------------------
141
+ EXIF r/w/c | CIFF r/w | Ricoh RMETA r
142
+ GPS r/w/c | AFCP r/w | Picture Info r
143
+ IPTC r/w/c | Kodak Meta r/w | Adobe APP14 r
144
+ XMP r/w/c | FotoStation r/w | MPF r
145
+ MakerNotes r/w/c | PhotoMechanic r/w | Stim r
146
+ Photoshop IRB r/w/c | JPEG 2000 r | APE r
147
+ ICC Profile r/w/c | DICOM r | Vorbis r
148
+ MIE r/w/c | Flash r | SPIFF r
149
+ JFIF r/w/c | FlashPix r | DjVu r
150
+ Ducky APP12 r/w/c | QuickTime r | M2TS r
151
+ PDF r/w/c | Matroska r | PE/COFF r
152
+ PNG r/w/c | GeoTIFF r | AVCHD r
153
+ Canon VRD r/w/c | PrintIM r | ZIP r
154
+ Nikon Capture r/w/c | ID3 r | (and more)</pre>
155
+ <p>
156
+ </p>
157
+ <hr />
158
+ <h1><a name="options">OPTIONS</a></h1>
159
+ <p>Case is not significant for any command-line option (including tag and group
160
+ names), except for single-character options when the corresponding
161
+ upper-case option exists. Many single-character options have equivalent
162
+ long-name versions (shown in brackets), and some options have inverses which
163
+ are invoked with a leading double-dash. Note that multiple single-character
164
+ options may NOT be combined into one argument because this would be
165
+ interpreted as a tag name. Contrary to standard practice, options may
166
+ appear after source file names on the exiftool command line.</p>
167
+ <p>
168
+ </p>
169
+ <h2><a name="option_summary">Option Summary</a></h2>
170
+ <p><a href="#tag_operations">Tag operations</a></p>
171
+ <pre>
172
+ -TAG or --TAG Extract or exclude specified tag
173
+ -TAG[+-]=[VALUE] Write new value for tag
174
+ -TAG[+-]&lt;=DATFILE Write tag value from contents of file
175
+ -TAG[+-]&lt;SRCTAG Copy tag value (see -tagsFromFile)</pre>
176
+ <pre>
177
+ -tagsFromFile SRCFILE Copy tag values from file
178
+ -x TAG (-exclude) Exclude specified tag</pre>
179
+ <p><a href="#input_output_text_formatting">Input-output text formatting</a></p>
180
+ <pre>
181
+ -args (-argFormat) Format metadata as exiftool arguments
182
+ -b (-binary) Output metadata in binary format
183
+ -c FMT (-coordFormat) Set format for GPS coordinates
184
+ -charset [[TYPE=]CHARSET] Specify encoding for special characters
185
+ -csv[=CSVFILE] Export/import tags in CSV format
186
+ -d FMT (-dateFormat) Set format for date/time values
187
+ -D (-decimal) Show tag ID numbers in decimal
188
+ -E, -ex (-escape(HTML|XML)) Escape values for HTML (-E) or XML (-ex)
189
+ -f (-forcePrint) Force printing of all specified tags
190
+ -g[NUM...] (-groupHeadings) Organize output by tag group
191
+ -G[NUM...] (-groupNames) Print group name for each tag
192
+ -h (-htmlFormat) Use HMTL formatting for output
193
+ -H (-hex) Show tag ID number in hexadecimal
194
+ -htmlDump[OFFSET] Generate HTML-format binary dump
195
+ -j[=JSONFILE] (-json) Export/import tags in JSON format
196
+ -l (-long) Use long 2-line output format
197
+ -L (-latin) Use Windows Latin1 encoding
198
+ -lang [LANG] Set current language
199
+ -listItem INDEX Extract specific item from a list
200
+ -n (--printConv) Read/write numerical tag values
201
+ -p FMTFILE (-printFormat) Print output in specified format
202
+ -php Export tags as a PHP Array
203
+ -s[NUM] (-short) Short output format
204
+ -S (-veryShort) Very short output format
205
+ -sep STR (-separator) Set separator string for list items
206
+ -sort Sort output alphabetically
207
+ -struct Enable output of structured information
208
+ -t (-tab) Output in tab-delimited list format
209
+ -T (-table) Output in tabular format
210
+ -v[NUM] (-verbose) Print verbose messages
211
+ -w[+|!] EXT (-textOut) Write (or overwrite!) output text files
212
+ -W[+|!] FMT (-tagOut) Write output text file for each tag
213
+ -Wext EXT (-tagOutExt) Write only specified file types with -W
214
+ -X (-xmlFormat) Use RDF/XML output format</pre>
215
+ <p><a href="#processing_control">Processing control</a></p>
216
+ <pre>
217
+ -a (-duplicates) Allow duplicate tags to be extracted
218
+ -e (--composite) Do not calculate composite tags
219
+ -ee (-extractEmbedded) Extract information from embedded files
220
+ -ext EXT (-extension) Process files with specified extension
221
+ -F[OFFSET] (-fixBase) Fix the base for maker notes offsets
222
+ -fast[NUM] Increase speed for slow devices
223
+ -fileOrder [-]TAG Set file processing order
224
+ -i DIR (-ignore) Ignore specified directory name
225
+ -if EXPR Conditionally process files
226
+ -m (-ignoreMinorErrors) Ignore minor errors and warnings
227
+ -o OUTFILE (-out) Set output file or directory name
228
+ -overwrite_original Overwrite original by renaming tmp file
229
+ -overwrite_original_in_place Overwrite original by copying tmp file
230
+ -P (-preserve) Preserve date/time of original file
231
+ -password PASSWD Password for processing protected files
232
+ -progress Show file progress count
233
+ -q (-quiet) Quiet processing
234
+ -r (-recurse) Recursively process subdirectories
235
+ -scanForXMP Brute force XMP scan
236
+ -u (-unknown) Extract unknown tags
237
+ -U (-unknown2) Extract unknown binary tags too
238
+ -wm MODE (-writeMode) Set tag write/create mode
239
+ -z (-zip) Read/write compressed information</pre>
240
+ <p><a href="#special_features">Special features</a></p>
241
+ <pre>
242
+ -geotag TRKFILE Geotag images from specified GPS log
243
+ -globalTimeShift SHIFT Shift all formatted date/time values
244
+ -use MODULE Add features from plug-in module</pre>
245
+ <p><a href="#utilities">Utilities</a></p>
246
+ <pre>
247
+ -delete_original[!] Delete &quot;_original&quot; backups
248
+ -restore_original Restore from &quot;_original&quot; backups</pre>
249
+ <p><a href="#other_options">Other options</a></p>
250
+ <pre>
251
+ -@ ARGFILE Read command-line arguments from file
252
+ -k (-pause) Pause before terminating
253
+ -list[w|f|wf|g[NUM]|d|x] List various exiftool capabilities
254
+ -ver Print exiftool version number</pre>
255
+ <p><a href="#advanced_options">Advanced options</a></p>
256
+ <pre>
257
+ -common_args Define common arguments
258
+ -config CFGFILE Specify configuration file name
259
+ -echo[NUM] TEXT Echo text to stdout or stderr
260
+ -execute[NUM] Execute multiple commands on one line
261
+ -srcfile FMT Set different source file name
262
+ -stay_open FLAG Keep reading -@ argfile even after EOF</pre>
263
+ <p>
264
+ </p>
265
+ <h2><a name="option_details">Option Details</a></h2>
266
+ <p>
267
+ </p>
268
+ <h3><a name="tag_operations">Tag operations</a></h3>
269
+ <dl>
270
+ <dt><strong><a name="tag" class="item"><strong>-</strong><em>TAG</em></a></strong></dt>
271
+
272
+ <dd>
273
+ <p>Extract information for the specified tag (ie. <code>-CreateDate</code>). Multiple
274
+ tags may be specified in a single command. A tag name is the handle by
275
+ which a piece of information is referenced. See
276
+ <a href="TagNames/index.html">Image::ExifTool::TagNames</a> for documentation on
277
+ available tag names. A tag name may include leading group names separated
278
+ by colons (ie. <code>-EXIF:CreateDate</code>, or <code>-Doc1:XMP:Creator</code>), and each group
279
+ name may be prefixed by a digit to specify family number (ie.
280
+ <code>-1IPTC:City</code>). Use the <strong>-listg</strong> option to list available group names by
281
+ family.</p>
282
+ <p>A special tag name of <code>All</code> may be used to indicate all meta information.
283
+ This is particularly useful when a group name is specified to extract all
284
+ information in a group (but beware that unless the <strong>-a</strong> option is also
285
+ used, some tags in the group may be suppressed by same-named tags in other
286
+ groups). The wildcard characters <code>?</code> and <code>*</code> may be used in a tag name to
287
+ match any single character and zero or more characters respectively. These
288
+ may not be used in a group name, with the exception that a group name of
289
+ <code>*</code> (or <code>All</code>) may be used to extract all instances of a tag (as if <strong>-a</strong>
290
+ was used). Note that arguments containing wildcards must be quoted on the
291
+ command line of most systems to prevent shell globbing.</p>
292
+ <p>A <code>#</code> may be appended to the tag name to disable the print conversion on a
293
+ per-tag basis (see the <strong>-n</strong> option). This may also be used when writing or
294
+ copying tags.</p>
295
+ <p>If no tags are specified, all available information is extracted (as if
296
+ <code>-All</code> had been specified).</p>
297
+ <p>Note: Descriptions, not tag names, are shown by default when extracting
298
+ information. Use the <strong>-s</strong> option to see the tag names instead.</p>
299
+ </dd>
300
+ <dt><strong><a name="tag2" class="item"><strong>--</strong><em>TAG</em></a></strong></dt>
301
+
302
+ <dd>
303
+ <p>Exclude specified tag from extracted information. Same as the <strong>-x</strong> option.
304
+ Once excluded from the output, a tag may not be re-included by a subsequent
305
+ option. May also be used following a <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> option to exclude
306
+ tags from being copied, or to exclude groups from being deleted when
307
+ deleting all information (ie. <code>-all= --exif:all</code> deletes all but EXIF
308
+ information). But note that this will not exclude individual tags from a
309
+ group delete. Instead, individual tags may be recovered using the
310
+ <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> option (ie. <code>-all= -tagsfromfile @ -artist</code>). Wildcards
311
+ are permitted as described above for <strong>-TAG</strong>.</p>
312
+ </dd>
313
+ <dt><strong><a name="tag_value" class="item"><strong>-</strong><em>TAG</em>[+-]<strong>=</strong>[<em>VALUE</em>]</a></strong></dt>
314
+
315
+ <dd>
316
+ <p>Write a new value for the specified tag (ie. <code>-comment=wow</code>), or delete the
317
+ tag if no <em>VALUE</em> is given (ie. <code>-comment=</code>). <code>+=</code> and <code>-=</code> are used to
318
+ add or remove existing entries from a list, or to shift date/time values
319
+ (see <a href="Shift.html">Image::ExifTool::Shift.pl</a> for details).
320
+ <code>+=</code> may also be used to increment numerical values, and <code>-=</code> may be used
321
+ to conditionally delete or replace a tag (see <a href="#writing_examples">WRITING EXAMPLES</a> for
322
+ examples).</p>
323
+ <p><em>TAG</em> may contain a leading family 0 or 1 group name separated by a colon.
324
+ If no group name is specified, the tag is created in the preferred group,
325
+ and updated in any other location where a same-named tag already exists.
326
+ The preferred group is the first group in the following list where <em>TAG</em> is
327
+ valid: 1) EXIF, 2) IPTC, 3) XMP.</p>
328
+ <p>The wildcards <code>*</code> and <code>?</code> may be used in tag names to assign the same
329
+ value to multiple tags. When specified with wildcards, &quot;unsafe&quot; tags are
330
+ not written. A tag name of <code>All</code> is eqivalent to <code>*</code> (except that it
331
+ doesn't require quoting, while arguments with wildcards do on systems with
332
+ shell globbing), and is often used when deleting all metadata (ie. <code>-All=</code>)
333
+ or an entire group (ie. <code>-GROUP:All=</code>). Note that not all groups are
334
+ deletable, and that the JPEG APP14 &quot;Adobe&quot; group is not removed by default
335
+ with <code>-All=</code> because it may affect the appearance of the image. Use the
336
+ <strong>-listd</strong> option for a complete list of deletable groups, and see note 3
337
+ below regarding the &quot;APP&quot; groups. Also, within an image some groups may be
338
+ contained within others, and these groups are removed if the containing
339
+ group is deleted:</p>
340
+ <pre>
341
+ JPEG Image:
342
+ - Deleting EXIF or IFD0 also deletes ExifIFD, GlobParamIFD,
343
+ GPS, IFD1, InteropIFD, MakerNotes, PrintIM and SubIFD.
344
+ - Deleting ExifIFD also deletes InteropIFD and MakerNotes.
345
+ - Deleting Photoshop also deletes IPTC.</pre>
346
+ <pre>
347
+ TIFF Image:
348
+ - Deleting EXIF only removes ExifIFD which also deletes
349
+ InteropIFD and MakerNotes.</pre>
350
+ <p>Notes:</p>
351
+ <p>1) Many tag values may be assigned in a single command. If two assignments
352
+ affect the same tag, the latter takes precedence (except for list-type tags,
353
+ where both values are written).</p>
354
+ <p>2) MakerNotes tags may be edited, but not created or deleted individually.
355
+ This avoids many potential problems including the inevitable compatibility
356
+ problems with OEM software which may be very inflexible about the
357
+ information it expects to find in the maker notes.</p>
358
+ <p>3) Changes to PDF files are reversible because the original information is
359
+ never actually deleted from the file. So ExifTool alone may not be used to
360
+ securely edit metadata in PDF files.</p>
361
+ <p>4) The &quot;APP&quot; group names (&quot;APP0&quot; through &quot;APP15&quot;) are used to delete JPEG
362
+ application segments which are not associated with another deletable group.
363
+ For example, specifying <code>-APP14:All=</code> will NOT delete the APP14 &quot;Adobe&quot;
364
+ segment because this is accomplished with <code>-Adobe:All</code>.</p>
365
+ <p>Special feature: Integer values may be specified in hexadecimal with a
366
+ leading <code>0x</code>, and simple rational values may be specified as fractions.</p>
367
+ </dd>
368
+ <dt><strong><a name="tag_datfile_or_tag_fmt" class="item"><strong>-</strong><em>TAG</em>&lt;=<em>DATFILE</em> or <strong>-</strong><em>TAG</em>&lt;=<em>FMT</em></a></strong></dt>
369
+
370
+ <dd>
371
+ <p>Set the value of a tag from the contents of file <em>DATFILE</em>. The file name
372
+ may also be given by a <em>FMT</em> string where %d, %f and %e represent the
373
+ directory, file name and extension of the original <em>FILE</em> (see the <strong>-w</strong>
374
+ option for more details). Note that quotes are required around this
375
+ argument to prevent shell redirection since it contains a <code>&lt;</code> symbol.
376
+ <code>+&lt;=</code> or <code>-&lt;=</code> may also be used to add or delete specific list
377
+ entries, or to shift date/time values.</p>
378
+ </dd>
379
+ <dt><strong><a name="tagsfromfile_srcfile_or_fmt" class="item"><strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> <em>SRCFILE</em> or <em>FMT</em></a></strong></dt>
380
+
381
+ <dd>
382
+ <p>Copy tag values from <em>SRCFILE</em> to <em>FILE</em>. Tag names on the command line
383
+ after this option specify the tags to be copied, or excluded from the copy.
384
+ Wildcards are permitted in these tag names. If no tags are specified, then
385
+ all possible tags (see note 1 below) from the source file are copied to
386
+ same-named tags in the preferred location of the output file (the same as
387
+ specifying <code>-all</code>). More than one <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> option may be used to
388
+ copy tags from multiple files.</p>
389
+ <p>By default, this option will commute information between same-named tags in
390
+ different groups and write each tag to the preferred group. This allows
391
+ some information to be automatically translated when copying between images
392
+ of different formats. However, if a group name is specified for a tag then
393
+ the information is written to this group (unless redirected to another
394
+ group, see below). If <code>All</code> is used as a group name, then the information
395
+ is written to the same family 1 group in the destination file. In this way,
396
+ <code>-All:All</code> is used to copy all information while preserving the family 1
397
+ group (ie. the specific location in the metadata) of each tag.</p>
398
+ <p><em>SRCFILE</em> may be the same as <em>FILE</em> to move information around within a
399
+ single file. In this case, <code>@</code> may be used to represent the source file
400
+ (ie. <code>-tagsFromFile @</code>), permitting this feature to be used for batch
401
+ processing multiple files. Specified tags are then copied from each file in
402
+ turn as it is rewritten. For advanced batch use, the source file name may
403
+ also be specified using a <em>FMT</em> string in which %d, %f and %e represent the
404
+ directory, file name and extension of <em>FILE</em>. See <strong>-w</strong> option for <em>FMT</em>
405
+ string examples.</p>
406
+ <p>A powerful redirection feature allows a destination tag to be specified for
407
+ each copied tag. With this feature, information may be written to a tag
408
+ with a different name or group. This is done using
409
+ &quot;'-<em>SRCTAG</em>&gt;<em>DSTTAG</em>'&quot; or
410
+ &quot;'-<em>DSTTAG</em>&lt;<em>SRCTAG</em>'&quot; on the command line after
411
+ <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong>, and causes the value of <em>SRCTAG</em> to be copied from
412
+ <em>SRCFILE</em> and written to <em>DSTTAG</em> in <em>FILE</em>. Note that this argument
413
+ must be quoted to prevent shell redirection, and there is no <code>=</code> sign as
414
+ when assigning new values. Source and/or destination tags may be prefixed
415
+ by a group name and/or suffixed by <code>#</code>. Wildcards are allowed in both the
416
+ source and destination tag names. A destination group and/or tag name of
417
+ <code>All</code> or <code>*</code> writes to the same family 1 group and/or tag name as the
418
+ source. If no destination group is specified, the information is written to
419
+ the preferred group. Whitespace around the <code>&gt;</code> or <code>&lt;</code> is ignored.
420
+ As a convenience, <code>-tagsFromFile @</code> is assumed for any redirected tags
421
+ which are specified without a prior <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> option. Copied tags
422
+ may also be added or deleted from a list with arguments of the form
423
+ &quot;'-<em>SRCTAG</em>+&gt;<em>DSTTAG</em>'&quot; or
424
+ &quot;'-<em>SRCTAG</em>-&gt;<em>DSTTAG</em>'&quot;.</p>
425
+ <p>An extension of the redirection feature allows strings involving tag names
426
+ to be used on the right hand side of the <code>&lt;</code> symbol with the syntax
427
+ &quot;'-<em>DSTTAG</em>&lt;<em>STR</em>'&quot;, where tag names in <em>STR</em> are
428
+ prefixed with a <code>$</code> symbol. See the <strong>-p</strong> option for more details about
429
+ this syntax. Strings starting with a <code>=</code> sign must insert a single space
430
+ after the <code>&lt;</code> to avoid confusion with the <code>&lt;=</code> operator which sets
431
+ the tag value from the contents of a file. A single space at the start of
432
+ the string is removed if it exists, but all other whitespace in the string
433
+ is preserved.</p>
434
+ <p>See <a href="#copying_examples">COPYING EXAMPLES</a> for examples using <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong>.</p>
435
+ <p>Notes:</p>
436
+ <p>1) Some tags (generally tags which may affect the appearance of the image)
437
+ are considered &quot;unsafe&quot; to write, and are only copied if specified
438
+ explicitly (ie. no wildcards). See the
439
+ <a href="TagNames/index.html">tag name documentation</a> for more details about
440
+ &quot;unsafe&quot; tags.</p>
441
+ <p>2) Be aware of the difference between excluding a tag from being copied
442
+ (--<em>TAG</em>), and deleting a tag (-<em>TAG</em>=). Excluding a tag prevents it from
443
+ being copied to the destination image, but deleting will remove a
444
+ pre-existing tag from the image.</p>
445
+ <p>3) The maker note information is copied as a block, so it isn't affected
446
+ like other information by subsequent tag assignments on the command line.
447
+ Also, since the PreviewImage referenced from the maker notes may be rather
448
+ large, it is not copied, and must be transferred separately if desired.</p>
449
+ <p>4) The order of operations is to copy all specified tags at the point of the
450
+ <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> option in the command line. Any tag assignment to the
451
+ right of the <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> option is made after all tags are copied. For
452
+ example, new tag values are set in the order One, Two, Three then Four with
453
+ this command:</p>
454
+ <pre>
455
+ exiftool -One=1 -tagsFromFile s.jpg -Two -Four=4 -Three d.jpg</pre>
456
+ <p>This is significant in the case where an overlap exists between the copied
457
+ and assigned tags because later operations may override earlier ones.</p>
458
+ <p>5) The normal behaviour of copied tags differs subtly from that of assigned
459
+ tags for list-type tags. When copying to a list, each copied tag overrides
460
+ any previous operations on the list. While this avoids duplicate list items
461
+ when copying groups of tags from a file containing redundant information, it
462
+ also prevents values of different tags from being copied into the same list
463
+ when this is the intent. So a <strong>-addTagsFromFile</strong> option is provided which
464
+ allows copying of multiple tags into the same list. ie)</p>
465
+ <pre>
466
+ exiftool -addtagsfromfile @ '-subject&lt;make' '-subject&lt;model' ...</pre>
467
+ <p>Other than this difference, the <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> and <strong>-addTagsFromFile</strong>
468
+ options are equivalent.</p>
469
+ <p>6) The <strong>-a</strong> option (allow duplicate tags) is always in effect when reading
470
+ tags from <em>SRCFILE</em>.</p>
471
+ <p>7) Structured tags are copied by default when copying tags. See the
472
+ <strong>-struct</strong> option for details.</p>
473
+ </dd>
474
+ <dt><strong><strong>-x</strong> <em>TAG</em> (<strong>-exclude</strong>)</strong></dt>
475
+
476
+ <dd>
477
+ <p>Exclude the specified tag. There may be multiple <strong>-x</strong> options. This has
478
+ the same effect as --<em>TAG</em> on the command line. May also be used following
479
+ a <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> option to exclude tags from being copied.</p>
480
+ </dd>
481
+ </dl>
482
+ <p>
483
+ </p>
484
+ <h3><a name="input_output_text_formatting">Input-output text formatting</a></h3>
485
+ <p>Note that trailing spaces are removed from extracted values for most output
486
+ text formats. The exceptions are <a href="#b"><code>-b</code></a>, <code>-csv</code>, <code>-j</code> and <a href="#x"><code>-X</code></a>.</p>
487
+ <dl>
488
+ <dt><strong><a name="args" class="item"><strong>-args</strong> (<strong>-argFormat</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
489
+
490
+ <dd>
491
+ <p>Output information in the form of exiftool arguments, suitable for use with
492
+ the <strong>-@</strong> option when writing. May be combined with the <strong>-G</strong> option to
493
+ include group names. This feature may be used to effectively copy tags
494
+ between images, but allows the metadata to be altered by editing the
495
+ intermediate file (<code>out.args</code> in this example):</p>
496
+ <pre>
497
+ exiftool -args -G1 --filename --directory src.jpg &gt; out.args
498
+ exiftool -@ out.args dst.jpg</pre>
499
+ <p>Note: Be careful when copying information with this technique since it is
500
+ easy to write tags which are normally considered &quot;unsafe&quot;. For instance,
501
+ the FileName and Directory tags are excluded in the example above to avoid
502
+ renaming and moving the destination file. Also note that the second command
503
+ above will produce warning messages for any tags which are not writable.</p>
504
+ </dd>
505
+ <dt><strong><a name="b" class="item"><strong>-b</strong> (<strong>-binary</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
506
+
507
+ <dd>
508
+ <p>Output requested metadata in binary format without tag names or
509
+ descriptions. This option is mainly used for extracting embedded images or
510
+ other binary data, but it may also be useful for some text strings since
511
+ control characters (such as newlines) are not replaced by '.' as they are in
512
+ the default output. List items are separated by a newline when extracted
513
+ with the <strong>-b</strong> option. May be combined with <a href="#php"><code>-php</code></a> or <a href="#x"><code>-X</code></a> to extract
514
+ binary data in PHP or XML format.</p>
515
+ </dd>
516
+ <dt><strong><a name="fmt" class="item"><strong>-c</strong> <em>FMT</em> (<strong>-coordFormat</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
517
+
518
+ <dd>
519
+ <p>Set the print format for GPS coordinates. <em>FMT</em> uses the same syntax as
520
+ the <code>printf</code> format string. The specifiers correspond to degrees, minutes
521
+ and seconds in that order, but minutes and seconds are optional. For
522
+ example, the following table gives the output for the same coordinate using
523
+ various formats:</p>
524
+ <pre>
525
+ FMT Output
526
+ ------------------- ------------------
527
+ &quot;%d deg %d' %.2f&quot;\&quot; 54 deg 59' 22.80&quot; (default for reading)
528
+ &quot;%d %d %.8f&quot; 54 59 22.80000000 (default for copying)
529
+ &quot;%d deg %.4f min&quot; 54 deg 59.3800 min
530
+ &quot;%.6f degrees&quot; 54.989667 degrees</pre>
531
+ <p>Notes:</p>
532
+ <p>1) To avoid loss of precision, the default coordinate format is different
533
+ when copying tags using the <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> option.</p>
534
+ <p>2) If the hemisphere is known, a reference direction (N, S, E or W) is
535
+ appended to each printed coordinate, but adding a <code>+</code> to the format
536
+ specifier (ie. <code>%+.6f</code>) prints a signed coordinate instead.</p>
537
+ <p>3) This print formatting may be disabled with the <strong>-n</strong> option to extract
538
+ coordinates as signed decimal degrees.</p>
539
+ </dd>
540
+ <dt><strong><a name="charset_type_charset" class="item"><strong>-charset</strong> [[<em>TYPE</em>=]<em>CHARSET</em>]</a></strong></dt>
541
+
542
+ <dd>
543
+ <p>If <em>TYPE</em> is <code>ExifTool</code> or not specified, this option sets the ExifTool
544
+ character encoding for output tag values when reading and input values when
545
+ writing. The default ExifTool encoding is <code>UTF8</code>. If no <em>CHARSET</em> is
546
+ given, a list of available character sets is returned. Valid <em>CHARSET</em>
547
+ values are:</p>
548
+ <pre>
549
+ CHARSET Alias(es) Description
550
+ ---------- --------------- ----------------------------------
551
+ UTF8 cp65001, UTF-8 UTF-8 characters (default)
552
+ Latin cp1252, Latin1 Windows Latin1 (West European)
553
+ Latin2 cp1250 Windows Latin2 (Central European)
554
+ Cyrillic cp1251, Russian Windows Cyrillic
555
+ Greek cp1253 Windows Greek
556
+ Turkish cp1254 Windows Turkish
557
+ Hebrew cp1255 Windows Hebrew
558
+ Arabic cp1256 Windows Arabic
559
+ Baltic cp1257 Windows Baltic
560
+ Vietnam cp1258 Windows Vietnamese
561
+ Thai cp874 Windows Thai
562
+ MacRoman cp10000, Roman Macintosh Roman
563
+ MacLatin2 cp10029 Macintosh Latin2 (Central Europe)
564
+ MacCyrillic cp10007 Macintosh Cyrillic
565
+ MacGreek cp10006 Macintosh Greek
566
+ MacTurkish cp10081 Macintosh Turkish
567
+ MacRomanian cp10010 Macintosh Romanian
568
+ MacIceland cp10079 Macintosh Icelandic
569
+ MacCroatian cp10082 Macintosh Croatian</pre>
570
+ <p>Other values of <em>TYPE</em> listed below are used to specify the internal
571
+ encoding of various meta information formats.</p>
572
+ <pre>
573
+ TYPE Description Default
574
+ --------- ------------------------------------------- -------
575
+ EXIF Internal encoding of EXIF &quot;ASCII&quot; strings (none)
576
+ ID3 Internal encoding of ID3v1 information Latin
577
+ IPTC Internal IPTC encoding to assume when Latin
578
+ IPTC:CodedCharacterSet is not defined
579
+ Photoshop Internal encoding of Photoshop IRB strings Latin
580
+ QuickTime Internal encoding of QuickTime strings MacRoman</pre>
581
+ <p>See <a href="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/faq.html#Q10">http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/faq.html#Q10</a> for more
582
+ information about coded character sets.</p>
583
+ </dd>
584
+ <dt><strong><a name="csv_csvfile" class="item"><strong>-csv</strong>[=<em>CSVFILE</em>]</a></strong></dt>
585
+
586
+ <dd>
587
+ <p>Export information in as a CSV file, or import information if <em>CSVFILE</em> is
588
+ specified. When importing, the CSV file must be in exactly the same format
589
+ as the exported file. The first row of the <em>CSVFILE</em> must be the ExifTool
590
+ tag names (with optional group names) for each column of the file, and
591
+ values must be separated by commas. A special &quot;SourceFile&quot; column specifies
592
+ the files associated with each row of information (a SourceFile of &quot;*&quot; may
593
+ be used to apply the information to all target images). The following
594
+ examples demonstrate basic use of this option:</p>
595
+ <pre>
596
+ # generate CSV file with common tags from all images in a directory
597
+ exiftool -common -csv dir &gt; out.csv</pre>
598
+ <pre>
599
+ # update metadata for all images in a directory from CSV file
600
+ exiftool -csv=a.csv dir</pre>
601
+ <p>Empty values are ignored when importing. To force a tag to be deleted, use
602
+ the <strong>-f</strong> option and set the value to &quot;-&quot; in the CSV file (or to the
603
+ MissingTagValue if this API option was used). May be combined with the
604
+ <strong>-g</strong> or <strong>-G</strong> option to add group names to the tags. If the <strong>-a</strong> option
605
+ is used to allow duplicate tag names, the duplicate tags are only included
606
+ in the CSV output if the column headings are unique. Adding the <strong>-G4</strong>
607
+ option ensures a unique column heading for each tag.</p>
608
+ <p>List-type tags are stored as simple strings in a CSV file, but the <strong>-sep</strong>
609
+ option may be used to split them back into separate items when importing.</p>
610
+ <p>Special feature: <strong>-csv</strong>+=<em>CSVFILE</em> may be used to add items to existing
611
+ lists. This affects only list-type tags. Also applies to the <strong>-j</strong> option.</p>
612
+ <p>Note that this option is fundamentally different than all other output
613
+ format options because it requires information from all input files to be
614
+ buffered in memory before the output is written. This may result in
615
+ excessive memory usage when processing a very large number of files with a
616
+ single command. Also, it makes this option incompatible with the <strong>-w</strong>
617
+ option.</p>
618
+ </dd>
619
+ <dt><strong><strong>-d</strong> <em>FMT</em> (<strong>-dateFormat</strong>)</strong></dt>
620
+
621
+ <dd>
622
+ <p>Set the format for date/time tag values. The specifics of the <em>FMT</em> syntax
623
+ are system dependent -- consult the <code>strftime</code> man page on your system for
624
+ details. The default format is equivalent to &quot;%Y:%m:%d %H:%M:%S&quot;. This
625
+ option has no effect on date-only or time-only tags and ignores timezone
626
+ information if present. Only one <strong>-d</strong> option may be used per command. The
627
+ inverse operation (ie. un-formatting a date/time value) is currently not
628
+ applied when writing a date/time tag.</p>
629
+ </dd>
630
+ <dt><strong><a name="d" class="item"><strong>-D</strong> (<strong>-decimal</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
631
+
632
+ <dd>
633
+ <p>Show tag ID number in decimal when extracting information.</p>
634
+ </dd>
635
+ <dt><strong><a name="ex" class="item"><strong>-E</strong>, <strong>-ex</strong> (<strong>-escapeHTML</strong>, <strong>-escapeXML</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
636
+
637
+ <dd>
638
+ <p>Escape characters in output values for HTML (<strong>-E</strong>) or XML (<strong>-ex</strong>). For
639
+ HTML, all characters with Unicode code points above U+007F are escaped as
640
+ well as the following 5 characters: &amp; (&amp;amp;) &#39; (&amp;#39;) &quot; (&amp;quot;)
641
+ &gt; (&amp;gt;) and &lt; (&amp;lt;). For XML, only these 5 characters are
642
+ escaped. The <strong>-E</strong> option is implied with <strong>-h</strong>, and <strong>-ex</strong> is implied with
643
+ <strong>-X</strong>. The inverse conversion is applied when writing tags.</p>
644
+ </dd>
645
+ <dt><strong><a name="f" class="item"><strong>-f</strong> (<strong>-forcePrint</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
646
+
647
+ <dd>
648
+ <p>Force printing of tags even if their values are not found. This option only
649
+ applies when tag names are specified. With this option, a dash (<code>-</code>) is
650
+ printed for the value of any missing tag (but this may be configured via the
651
+ API MissingTagValue option). May also be used to add a 'flags' attribute to
652
+ the <strong>-listx</strong> output, or to allow tags to be deleted when writing with the
653
+ <strong>-csv</strong>=<em>CSVFILE</em> feature.</p>
654
+ </dd>
655
+ <dt><strong><a name="g_num_num_groupheadings" class="item"><strong>-g</strong>[<em>NUM</em>][:<em>NUM</em>...] (<strong>-groupHeadings</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
656
+
657
+ <dd>
658
+ <p>Organize output by tag group. <em>NUM</em> specifies a group family number, and
659
+ may be 0 (general location), 1 (specific location), 2 (category), 3
660
+ (document number) or 4 (instance number). Multiple families may be
661
+ specified by separating them with colons. By default the resulting group
662
+ name is simplified by removing any leading <code>Main:</code> and collapsing adjacent
663
+ identical group names, but this can be avoided by placing a colon before the
664
+ first family number (ie. <strong>-g:3:1</strong>). If <em>NUM</em> is not specified, <strong>-g0</strong> is
665
+ assumed. Use the <strong>-listg</strong> option to list group names for a specified
666
+ family.</p>
667
+ </dd>
668
+ <dt><strong><a name="g_num_num_groupnames" class="item"><strong>-G</strong>[<em>NUM</em>][:<em>NUM</em>...] (<strong>-groupNames</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
669
+
670
+ <dd>
671
+ <p>Same as <strong>-g</strong> but print group name for each tag.</p>
672
+ </dd>
673
+ <dt><strong><a name="h" class="item"><strong>-h</strong> (<strong>-htmlFormat</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
674
+
675
+ <dd>
676
+ <p>Use HTML table formatting for output. Implies the <strong>-E</strong> option. The
677
+ formatting options <strong>-D</strong>, <strong>-H</strong>, <strong>-g</strong>, <strong>-G</strong>, <strong>-l</strong> and <strong>-s</strong> may be used
678
+ in combination with <strong>-h</strong> to influence the HTML format.</p>
679
+ </dd>
680
+ <dt><strong><a name="h" class="item"><strong>-H</strong> (<strong>-hex</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
681
+
682
+ <dd>
683
+ <p>Show tag ID number in hexadecimal when extracting information.</p>
684
+ </dd>
685
+ <dt><strong><a name="htmldump_offset" class="item"><strong>-htmlDump</strong>[<em>OFFSET</em>]</a></strong></dt>
686
+
687
+ <dd>
688
+ <p>Generate a dynamic web page containing a hex dump of the EXIF information.
689
+ This can be a very powerful tool for low-level analysis of EXIF information.
690
+ The <strong>-htmlDump</strong> option is also invoked if the <strong>-v</strong> and <strong>-h</strong> options are
691
+ used together. The verbose level controls the maximum length of the blocks
692
+ dumped. An <em>OFFSET</em> may be given to specify the base for displayed
693
+ offsets. If not provided, the EXIF/TIFF base offset is used. Use
694
+ <strong>-htmlDump0</strong> for absolute offsets. Currently only EXIF/TIFF and JPEG
695
+ information is dumped, but the -u option can be used to give a raw hex dump
696
+ of other file formats.</p>
697
+ </dd>
698
+ <dt><strong><a name="j_jsonfile_json" class="item"><strong>-j</strong>[=<em>JSONFILE</em>] (<strong>-json</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
699
+
700
+ <dd>
701
+ <p>Use JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) formatting for console output, or
702
+ import JSON file if <em>JSONFILE</em> is specified. This option may be combined
703
+ with <strong>-g</strong> to organize the output into objects by group, or <strong>-G</strong> to add
704
+ group names to each tag. List-type tags with multiple items are output as
705
+ JSON arrays unless <strong>-sep</strong> is used. By default XMP structures are flattened
706
+ into individual tags in the JSON output, but the original structure may be
707
+ preserved with the <strong>-struct</strong> option (this also causes all list-type XMP
708
+ tags to be output as JSON arrays, otherwise single-item lists are output as
709
+ simple strings). The <strong>-a</strong> option is implied if the <strong>-g</strong> or <strong>-G</strong> options
710
+ are used, otherwise it is ignored and duplicate tags are suppressed. Adding
711
+ the <strong>-D</strong> or <strong>-H</strong> option changes tag values to JSON objects with &quot;val&quot; and
712
+ &quot;id&quot; fields, and adding <strong>-l</strong> adds a &quot;desc&quot; field, and a &quot;num&quot; field if the
713
+ numerical value is different from the converted &quot;val&quot;. The <strong>-b</strong>, <strong>-L</strong> and
714
+ <strong>-charset</strong> options have no effect on the JSON output.</p>
715
+ <p>If <em>JSONFILE</em> is specified, the file is imported and the tag definitions
716
+ from the file are used to set tag values on a per-file basis. The special
717
+ &quot;SourceFile&quot; entry in each JSON object associates the information with a
718
+ specific target file (see the <strong>-csv</strong> option for details). The imported
719
+ JSON file must have the same format as the exported JSON files with the
720
+ exception that the <strong>-g</strong> option is not compatible with the import file
721
+ format (use <strong>-G</strong> instead). Additionally, tag names in the input JSON file
722
+ may be suffixed with a <code>#</code> to disable print conversion.</p>
723
+ </dd>
724
+ <dt><strong><a name="l" class="item"><strong>-l</strong> (<strong>-long</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
725
+
726
+ <dd>
727
+ <p>Use long 2-line Canon-style output format. Adds a description and
728
+ unconverted value to the XML, JSON or PHP output when <strong>-X</strong>, <strong>-j</strong> or
729
+ <strong>-php</strong> is used.</p>
730
+ </dd>
731
+ <dt><strong><a name="l" class="item"><strong>-L</strong> (<strong>-latin</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
732
+
733
+ <dd>
734
+ <p>Use Windows Latin1 encoding (cp1252) for output tag values instead of the
735
+ default UTF-8. When writing, <strong>-L</strong> specifies that input text values are
736
+ Latin1 instead of UTF-8. Equivalent to <code>-charset latin</code>.</p>
737
+ </dd>
738
+ <dt><strong><a name="lang_lang" class="item"><strong>-lang</strong> [<em>LANG</em>]</a></strong></dt>
739
+
740
+ <dd>
741
+ <p>Set current language for tag descriptions and converted values. <em>LANG</em> is
742
+ <code>de</code>, <code>fr</code>, <code>ja</code>, etc. Use <strong>-lang</strong> with no other arguments to get a
743
+ list of available languages. The default language is <code>en</code> if <strong>-lang</strong> is
744
+ not specified. Note that tag/group names are always English, independent of
745
+ the <strong>-lang</strong> setting, and translation of warning/error messages has not yet
746
+ been implemented.</p>
747
+ <p>By default, ExifTool uses UTF-8 encoding for special characters, but the
748
+ the <strong>-L</strong> or <strong>-charset</strong> option may be used to invoke other encodings.</p>
749
+ <p>Currently, the language support is not complete, but users are welcome to
750
+ help improve this by submitting their own translations. To submit a set of
751
+ translations, first use the <strong>-listx</strong> option and redirect the output to a
752
+ file to generate an XML tag database, then add entries for other languages,
753
+ zip this file, and email it to phil at owl.phy.queensu.ca for inclusion in
754
+ ExifTool.</p>
755
+ </dd>
756
+ <dt><strong><a name="listitem_index" class="item"><strong>-listItem</strong> <em>INDEX</em></a></strong></dt>
757
+
758
+ <dd>
759
+ <p>For list-type tags, this causes only the item with the specified index to be
760
+ extracted. <em>INDEX</em> is 0 for the first item in the list. Has no effect
761
+ when writing or copying tags, in a <strong>-if</strong> condition, or in combination with
762
+ structured output options.</p>
763
+ </dd>
764
+ <dt><strong><a name="n" class="item"><strong>-n</strong> (<strong>--printConv</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
765
+
766
+ <dd>
767
+ <p>Read and write values as numbers instead of words. By default, extracted
768
+ values are converted to a more human-readable format for printing, but the
769
+ <strong>-n</strong> option disables this print conversion for all tags. For example:</p>
770
+ <pre>
771
+ &gt; exiftool -Orientation -S a.jpg
772
+ Orientation: Rotate 90 CW
773
+ &gt; exiftool -Orientation -S -n a.jpg
774
+ Orientation: 6</pre>
775
+ <p>The print conversion may also be disabled on a per-tag basis by suffixing
776
+ the tag name with a <code>#</code> character:</p>
777
+ <pre>
778
+ &gt; exiftool -Orientation# -Orientation -S a.jpg
779
+ Orientation: 6
780
+ Orientation: Rotate 90 CW</pre>
781
+ <p>These techniques may also be used to disable the inverse print conversion
782
+ when writing. For example, the following commands all have the same effect:</p>
783
+ <pre>
784
+ &gt; exiftool -Orientation='Rotate 90 CW' a.jpg
785
+ &gt; exiftool -Orientation=6 -n a.jpg
786
+ &gt; exiftool -Orientation#=6 a.jpg</pre>
787
+ </dd>
788
+ <dt><strong><a name="str" class="item"><strong>-p</strong> <em>FMTFILE</em> or <em>STR</em> (<strong>-printFormat</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
789
+
790
+ <dd>
791
+ <p>Print output in the format specified by the given file or string (and ignore
792
+ other format options). Tag names in the format file or string begin with a
793
+ <code>$</code> symbol and may contain a leading group name and/or a trailing <code>#</code>.
794
+ Case is not significant. Braces <code>{}</code> may be used around the tag name to
795
+ separate it from subsequent text. Use <code>$$</code> to represent a <code>$</code> symbol, and
796
+ <code>$/</code> for a newline. Multiple <strong>-p</strong> options may be used, each contributing
797
+ a line of text to the output. Lines beginning with <code>#[HEAD]</code> and
798
+ <code>#[TAIL]</code> are output only for the first and last processed files
799
+ respectively. Lines beginning with <code>#[BODY]</code> and lines not beginning with
800
+ <code>#</code> are output for each processed file. Other lines beginning with <code>#</code>
801
+ are ignored. For example, this format file:</p>
802
+ <pre>
803
+ # this is a comment line
804
+ #[HEAD]-- Generated by ExifTool $exifToolVersion --
805
+ File: $FileName - $DateTimeOriginal
806
+ (f/$Aperture, ${ShutterSpeed}s, ISO $EXIF:ISO)
807
+ #[TAIL]-- end --</pre>
808
+ <p>with this command:</p>
809
+ <pre>
810
+ exiftool -p test.fmt a.jpg b.jpg</pre>
811
+ <p>produces output like this:</p>
812
+ <pre>
813
+ -- Generated by ExifTool 9.33 --
814
+ File: a.jpg - 2003:10:31 15:44:19
815
+ (f/5.6, 1/60s, ISO 100)
816
+ File: b.jpg - 2006:05:23 11:57:38
817
+ (f/8.0, 1/13s, ISO 100)
818
+ -- end --</pre>
819
+ <p>When <strong>-ee</strong> (<strong>-extractEmbedded</strong>) is combined with <strong>-p</strong>, embedded documents
820
+ are effectively processed as separate input files.</p>
821
+ <p>If a specified tag does not exist, a minor warning is issued and the line
822
+ with the missing tag is not printed. However, the <strong>-f</strong> option may be used
823
+ to set the value of missing tags to '-' (but this may be configured via the
824
+ MissingTagValue API option), or the <strong>-m</strong> option may be used to ignore minor
825
+ warnings and leave the missing values empty.</p>
826
+ <p>An advanced formatting feature allows an arbitrary Perl expression to be
827
+ applied to the value of any tag by placing it inside the braces after a
828
+ semicolon following the tag name. The expression has access to the value of
829
+ this tag through the default input variable (<code>$_</code>), and the full API
830
+ through the current ExifTool object (<code>$self</code>). It may contain any valid
831
+ Perl code, including translation (<code>tr///</code>) and substitution (<code>s///</code>)
832
+ operations, but note that braces within the expression must be balanced. The
833
+ example below prints the camera Make with spaces translated to underlines,
834
+ and multiple consecutive underlines replaced by a single underline:</p>
835
+ <pre>
836
+ exiftool -p '${make;tr/ /_/;s/__+/_/g}' image.jpg</pre>
837
+ <p>A default expression of <code>tr(/\\?*:|&quot;&lt;&gt;\0)()d</code> is assumed if the
838
+ expression is empty, and removes the characters / \ ? * : | &lt; &gt; and
839
+ null from the printed value.</p>
840
+ </dd>
841
+ <dt><strong><a name="php" class="item"><strong>-php</strong></a></strong></dt>
842
+
843
+ <dd>
844
+ <p>Format output as a PHP Array. The <strong>-g</strong>, <strong>-G</strong>, <strong>-D</strong>, <strong>-H</strong>, <strong>-l</strong>,
845
+ <strong>-sep</strong> and <strong>-struct</strong> options combine with <strong>-php</strong> in the same way as with
846
+ <strong>-json</strong>. As well, the <strong>-b</strong> option may be added to output binary data.
847
+ Here is a simple example showing how this could be used in a PHP script:</p>
848
+ <pre>
849
+ &lt;?php
850
+ eval('$array=' . `exiftool -php -q image.jpg`);
851
+ print_r($array);
852
+ ?&gt;</pre>
853
+ </dd>
854
+ <dt><strong><a name="s_num_short" class="item"><strong>-s</strong>[<em>NUM</em>] (<strong>-short</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
855
+
856
+ <dd>
857
+ <p>Short output format. Prints tag names instead of descriptions. Add <em>NUM</em>
858
+ or up to 3 <strong>-s</strong> options for even shorter formats:</p>
859
+ <pre>
860
+ -s1 or -s - print tag names instead of descriptions
861
+ -s2 or -s -s - no extra spaces to column-align values
862
+ -s3 or -s -s -s - print values only (no tag names)</pre>
863
+ <p>Also effective when combined with <strong>-t</strong>, <strong>-h</strong>, <strong>-X</strong> or <strong>-listx</strong> options.</p>
864
+ </dd>
865
+ <dt><strong><a name="s" class="item"><strong>-S</strong> (<strong>-veryShort</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
866
+
867
+ <dd>
868
+ <p>Very short format. The same as <strong>-s2</strong> (or two <strong>-s</strong> options). Tag names
869
+ are printed instead of descriptions, and no extra spaces are added to
870
+ column-align values.</p>
871
+ </dd>
872
+ <dt><strong><strong>-sep</strong> <em>STR</em> (<strong>-separator</strong>)</strong></dt>
873
+
874
+ <dd>
875
+ <p>Specify separator string for items in list-type tags. When reading, the
876
+ default is to join list items with &quot;, &quot;. When writing, this option causes
877
+ values assigned to list-type tags to be split into individual items at each
878
+ substring matching <em>STR</em> (otherwise they are not split by default). Space
879
+ characters in <em>STR</em> match zero or more whitespace characters in the value.</p>
880
+ </dd>
881
+ <dt><strong><a name="sort" class="item"><strong>-sort</strong></a></strong></dt>
882
+
883
+ <dd>
884
+ <p>Sort output by tag description, or by tag name if the <strong>-s</strong> option is used.
885
+ Tags are sorted within each group when combined with the <strong>-g</strong> or <strong>-G</strong>
886
+ option. When sorting by description, the sort order will depend on the
887
+ <strong>-lang</strong> option setting. Without the <strong>-sort</strong> option, tags appear in the
888
+ order they were specified on the command line, or if not specified, the
889
+ order they were extracted from the file.</p>
890
+ </dd>
891
+ <dt><strong><a name="struct_struct" class="item"><strong>-struct</strong>, <strong>--struct</strong></a></strong></dt>
892
+
893
+ <dd>
894
+ <p>Output structured XMP information instead of flattening to individual tags.
895
+ This option works well when combined with the XML (<strong>-X</strong>) and JSON (<strong>-j</strong>)
896
+ output formats. For other output formats, the structures are serialized
897
+ into the same format as when writing structured information (see
898
+ <a href="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/struct.html">http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/struct.html</a> for details). When
899
+ copying, structured tags are copied by default unless <strong>--struct</strong> is used to
900
+ disable this feature (although flattened tags may still be copied by
901
+ specifying them individually unless <strong>-struct</strong> is used). These options have
902
+ no effect when assigning new values since both flattened and structured tags
903
+ may always be used when writing.</p>
904
+ </dd>
905
+ <dt><strong><a name="t" class="item"><strong>-t</strong> (<strong>-tab</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
906
+
907
+ <dd>
908
+ <p>Output a tab-delimited list of description/values (useful for database
909
+ import). May be combined with <strong>-s</strong> to print tag names instead of
910
+ descriptions, or <strong>-S</strong> to print tag values only, tab-delimited on a single
911
+ line. The <strong>-t</strong> option may also be used to add tag table information to the
912
+ <strong>-X</strong> option output.</p>
913
+ </dd>
914
+ <dt><strong><a name="t" class="item"><strong>-T</strong> (<strong>-table</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
915
+
916
+ <dd>
917
+ <p>Output tag values in table form. Equivalent to <strong>-t -S -q -f</strong>.</p>
918
+ </dd>
919
+ <dt><strong><a name="v_num_verbose" class="item"><strong>-v</strong>[<em>NUM</em>] (<strong>-verbose</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
920
+
921
+ <dd>
922
+ <p>Print verbose messages. <em>NUM</em> specifies the level of verbosity in the
923
+ range 0-5, with higher numbers being more verbose. If <em>NUM</em> is not given,
924
+ then each <strong>-v</strong> option increases the level of verbosity by 1. With any
925
+ level greater than 0, most other options are ignored and normal console
926
+ output is suppressed unless specific tags are extracted. Using <strong>-v0</strong>
927
+ causes the console output buffer to be flushed after each line (which may be
928
+ useful to avoid delays when piping exiftool output), and prints the name of
929
+ each processed file when writing. Also see the <strong>-progress</strong> option.</p>
930
+ </dd>
931
+ <dt><strong><strong>-w</strong>[+|!] <em>EXT</em> or <em>FMT</em> (<strong>-textOut</strong>)</strong></dt>
932
+
933
+ <dd>
934
+ <p>Write console output to files with names ending in <em>EXT</em>, one for each
935
+ source file. The output file name is obtained by replacing the source file
936
+ extension (including the '.') with the specified extension (and a '.' is
937
+ added to the start of <em>EXT</em> if it doesn't already contain one).
938
+ Alternatively, a <em>FMT</em> string may be used to give more control over the
939
+ output file name and directory. In the format string, %d, %f and %e
940
+ represent the directory, filename and extension of the source file, and %c
941
+ represents a copy number which is automatically incremented if the file
942
+ already exists. %d includes the trailing '/' if necessary, but %e does not
943
+ include the leading '.'. For example:</p>
944
+ <pre>
945
+ -w %d%f.txt # same effect as &quot;-w txt&quot;
946
+ -w dir/%f_%e.out # write files to &quot;dir&quot; as &quot;FILE_EXT.out&quot;
947
+ -w dir2/%d%f.txt # write to &quot;dir2&quot;, keeping dir structure
948
+ -w a%c.txt # write to &quot;a.txt&quot; or &quot;a1.txt&quot; or &quot;a2.txt&quot;...</pre>
949
+ <p>Existing files will not be overwritten unless an exclamation point is added
950
+ to the option name (ie. <strong>-w!</strong> or <strong>-textOut!</strong>), or a plus sign to append to
951
+ the existing file (ie. <strong>-w+</strong> or <strong>-textOut+</strong>). Both may be used (ie.
952
+ <strong>-w+!</strong> or <strong>-textOut+!</strong>) to overwrite output files that didn't exist before
953
+ the command was run, and append the output from multiple source files. For
954
+ example, to write one output file for all source files in each directory:</p>
955
+ <pre>
956
+ exiftool -filename -createdate -T -w+! %d/out.txt -r DIR</pre>
957
+ <p>Notes:</p>
958
+ <p>1) In a Windows BAT file the <code>%</code> character is represented by <code>%%</code>, so an
959
+ argument like <code>%d%f.txt</code> is written as <code>%%d%%f.txt</code>.</p>
960
+ <p>2) If the argument for <strong>-w</strong> does not contain a format code (%d, %f or %e),
961
+ then it is interpreted as a file extension. Therefore it is not possible to
962
+ specify a simple filename as an argument, so creating a single output file
963
+ from multiple source files is typically done by shell redirection, ie)</p>
964
+ <pre>
965
+ exiftool FILE1 FILE2 ... &gt; out.txt</pre>
966
+ <p>But if necessary, an empty format code may be used to force the argument to
967
+ be interpreted as a format string, and the same result may be obtained
968
+ without the use of shell redirection:</p>
969
+ <pre>
970
+ exiftool -w+! %0fout.txt FILE1 FILE2 ...</pre>
971
+ <p>Advanced features:</p>
972
+ <p>A substring of the original file name, directory or extension may be taken
973
+ by specifying a field width immediately following the '%' character. If the
974
+ width is negative, the substring is taken from the end. The substring
975
+ position (characters to ignore at the start or end of the string) may be
976
+ given by a second optional value after a decimal point. For example:</p>
977
+ <pre>
978
+ Input File Name Format Specifier Output File Name
979
+ ---------------- ---------------- ----------------
980
+ Picture-123.jpg %7f.txt Picture.txt
981
+ Picture-123.jpg %-.4f.out Picture.out
982
+ Picture-123.jpg %7f.%-3f Picture.123
983
+ Picture-123a.jpg Meta%-3.1f.txt Meta123.txt</pre>
984
+ <p>For %d, the field width/position specifiers may be applied to the directory
985
+ levels instead of substring position by using a colon instead of a decimal
986
+ point in the format specifier. For example:</p>
987
+ <pre>
988
+ Source Dir Format Result Notes
989
+ ------------ ------ ---------- ------------------
990
+ pics/2012/02 %2:d pics/2012/ take top 2 levels
991
+ pics/2012/02 %-:1d pics/2012/ up one directory level
992
+ pics/2012/02 %:1d 2012/02/ ignore top level
993
+ pics/2012/02 %1:1d 2012/ take 1 level after top
994
+ /Users/phil %:2d phil/ ignore top 2 levels</pre>
995
+ <p>(Note that the root directory counts as one level when an absolute path is
996
+ used as in the last example above.)</p>
997
+ <p>For %c, these modifiers have a different effects. If a field width is
998
+ given, the copy number is padded with zeros to the specified width. A
999
+ leading '-' adds a dash before the copy number, and a '+' adds an underline.
1000
+ By default, a copy number of zero is omitted, but this can be changed by
1001
+ adding a decimal point to the modifier. For example:</p>
1002
+ <pre>
1003
+ -w A%-cZ.txt # AZ.txt, A-1Z.txt, A-2Z.txt ...
1004
+ -w B%5c.txt # B.txt, B00001.txt, B00002.txt ...
1005
+ -w C%.c.txt # C0.txt, C1.txt, C2.txt ...
1006
+ -w D%-.c.txt # D-0.txt, D-1.txt, D-2.txt ...
1007
+ -w E%-.4c.txt # E-0000.txt, E-0001.txt, E-0002.txt ...
1008
+ -w F%-.4nc.txt # F-0001.txt, F-0002.txt, F-0003.txt ...
1009
+ -w G%+c.txt # G.txt, G_1.txt G_2.txt ...
1010
+ -w H%-lc.txt # H.txt, H-b.txt, H-c.txt ...</pre>
1011
+ <p>A special feature allows the copy number to be incremented for each
1012
+ processed file by using %C (upper case) instead of %c. This allows a
1013
+ sequential number to be added to output file names, even if the names are
1014
+ different. For %C, a copy number of zero is not omitted as it is with %c.
1015
+ The number before the decimal place gives the starting index, the number
1016
+ after the decimal place gives the field width. The following examples show
1017
+ the output filenames when used with the command
1018
+ <code>exiftool rose.jpg star.jpg jet.jpg ...</code>:</p>
1019
+ <pre>
1020
+ -w %C%f.txt # 0rose.txt, 1star.txt, 2jet.txt
1021
+ -w %f-%10C.txt # rose-10.txt, star-11.txt, jet-12.txt
1022
+ -w %.3C-%f.txt # 000-rose.txt, 001-star.txt, 002-jet.txt
1023
+ -w %57.4C%f.txt # 0057rose.txt, 0058star.txt, 0059jet.txt</pre>
1024
+ <p>All format codes may be modified by 'l' or 'u' to specify lower or upper
1025
+ case respectively (ie. <code>%le</code> for a lower case file extension). When used
1026
+ to modify %c or %C, the numbers are changed to an alphabetical base (see
1027
+ example H above). Also, %c may be modified by 'n' to count using natural
1028
+ numbers starting from 1, instead of 0 (see example F above).</p>
1029
+ <p>This same <em>FMT</em> syntax is used with the <strong>-o</strong> and <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> options,
1030
+ although %c is only valid for output file names.</p>
1031
+ </dd>
1032
+ <dt><strong><strong>-W</strong>[!|+] <em>FMT</em> (<strong>-tagOut</strong>)</strong></dt>
1033
+
1034
+ <dd>
1035
+ <p>This enhanced version of the <strong>-w</strong> option allows a separate output file to
1036
+ be created for each extracted tag. The differences between <strong>-W</strong> and <strong>-w</strong>
1037
+ are listed below:</p>
1038
+ <p>1) With <strong>-W</strong>, a new output file is created for each extracted tag.</p>
1039
+ <p>2) <strong>-W</strong> supports three additional format codes: %t, %g and %s represent
1040
+ the tag name, group name, and suggested extension for the output file (based
1041
+ on the format of the data). The %g code may be followed by a single digit
1042
+ to specify the group family number (ie. %g1), otherwise family 0 is assumed.
1043
+ The substring width/position/case specifiers may be used with these format
1044
+ codes in exactly the same way as with %f and %e.</p>
1045
+ <p>3) The argument for <strong>-W</strong> is interpreted as a file name if it contains no
1046
+ format codes. (For <strong>-w</strong>, this would be a file extension.) This change
1047
+ allows a simple file name to be specified, which, when combined with the
1048
+ append feature, provides a method to write metadata from multiple source
1049
+ files to a single output file without the need for shell redirection.</p>
1050
+ <p>4) Adding the <strong>-v</strong> option to <strong>-W</strong> generates a list of the tags and output
1051
+ file names instead of giving a verbose dump of the entire file. (Unless
1052
+ appending all output to one file for each source file by using <strong>-W+</strong> and an
1053
+ output file <em>FMT</em> that does not contain %t, $g or %s.)</p>
1054
+ <p>5) Individual list items are stored in separate files when <strong>-W</strong> is combined
1055
+ with <strong>-b</strong>, but note that for separate files to be created %c must be used
1056
+ in <em>FMT</em> to give the files unique names.</p>
1057
+ </dd>
1058
+ <dt><strong><a name="ext" class="item"><strong>-Wext</strong> <em>EXT</em>, <strong>--Wext</strong> <em>EXT</em> (<strong>-tagOutExt</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
1059
+
1060
+ <dd>
1061
+ <p>This option is used to specify the type of output file(s) written by the
1062
+ <strong>-W</strong> option. An output file is written only if the suggested extension
1063
+ matches <em>EXT</em>. Multiple <strong>-Wext</strong> options may be used to write more than
1064
+ one type of file. Use <strong>--Wext</strong> to write all but the specified type(s).</p>
1065
+ </dd>
1066
+ <dt><strong><a name="x" class="item"><strong>-X</strong> (<strong>-xmlFormat</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
1067
+
1068
+ <dd>
1069
+ <p>Use ExifTool-specific RDF/XML formatting for console output. Implies the
1070
+ <strong>-a</strong> option, so duplicate tags are extracted. The formatting options
1071
+ <strong>-b</strong>, <strong>-D</strong>, <strong>-H</strong>, <strong>-l</strong>, <strong>-s</strong>, <strong>-sep</strong>, <strong>-struct</strong> and <strong>-t</strong> may be used
1072
+ in combination with <strong>-X</strong> to affect the output, but note that the tag ID
1073
+ (<strong>-D</strong>, <strong>-H</strong> and <strong>-t</strong>), binary data (<strong>-b</strong>) and structured output
1074
+ (<strong>-struct</strong>) options are not effective for the short output (<strong>-s</strong>).
1075
+ Another restriction of <strong>-s</strong> is that only one tag with a given group and
1076
+ name may appear in the output. Note that the tag ID options (<strong>-D</strong>, <strong>-H</strong>
1077
+ and <strong>-t</strong>) will produce non-standard RDF/XML unless the <strong>-l</strong> option is also
1078
+ used. By default, list-type tags with multiple values are formatted as an
1079
+ RDF Bag, but they are combined into a single string when <strong>-s</strong> or <strong>-sep</strong> is
1080
+ used. Using <strong>-L</strong> changes the XML encoding from &quot;UTF-8&quot; to &quot;windows-1252&quot;.
1081
+ Other <strong>-charset</strong> settings change the encoding only if there is a
1082
+ corresponding standard XML character set. The <strong>-b</strong> option causes binary
1083
+ data values to be written, encoded in base64 if necessary. The <strong>-t</strong> option
1084
+ adds tag table information to the output (table <code>name</code>, decimal tag <code>id</code>,
1085
+ and <code>index</code> for cases where multiple conditional tags exist with the same
1086
+ ID).</p>
1087
+ <p>Note: This output is NOT the same as XMP because it uses
1088
+ dynamically-generated property names corresponding to the ExifTool tag
1089
+ names, and not the standard XMP properties. To write XMP instead, use the
1090
+ <strong>-o</strong> option with an XMP extension for the output file.</p>
1091
+ </dd>
1092
+ </dl>
1093
+ <p>
1094
+ </p>
1095
+ <h3><a name="processing_control">Processing control</a></h3>
1096
+ <dl>
1097
+ <dt><strong><a name="a" class="item"><strong>-a</strong>, <strong>--a</strong> (<strong>-duplicates</strong>, <strong>--duplicates</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
1098
+
1099
+ <dd>
1100
+ <p>Allow (<strong>-a</strong>) or suppress (<strong>--a</strong>) duplicate tag names to be extracted. By
1101
+ default, duplicate tags are suppressed unless the <strong>-ee</strong> or <strong>-X</strong> options
1102
+ are used or the Duplicates option is enabled in the configuration file.</p>
1103
+ </dd>
1104
+ <dt><strong><a name="e" class="item"><strong>-e</strong> (<strong>--composite</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
1105
+
1106
+ <dd>
1107
+ <p>Extract existing tags only -- don't calculate composite tags.</p>
1108
+ </dd>
1109
+ <dt><strong><a name="ee" class="item"><strong>-ee</strong> (<strong>-extractEmbedded</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
1110
+
1111
+ <dd>
1112
+ <p>Extract information from embedded documents in EPS files, embedded EPS
1113
+ information and JPEG and Jpeg2000 images in PDF files, embedded MPF images
1114
+ in JPEG and MPO files, streaming metadata in AVCHD videos, and the resource
1115
+ fork of Mac OS files. Implies the <strong>-a</strong> option. Use <strong>-g3</strong> or <strong>-G3</strong> to
1116
+ identify the originating document for extracted information. Embedded
1117
+ documents containing sub-documents are indicated with dashes in the family 3
1118
+ group name. (ie. <code>Doc2-3</code> is the 3rd sub-document of the 2nd embedded
1119
+ document.) Note that this option may increase processing time substantially,
1120
+ especially for PDF files with many embedded images.</p>
1121
+ </dd>
1122
+ <dt><strong><strong>-ext</strong> <em>EXT</em>, <strong>--ext</strong> <em>EXT</em> (<strong>-extension</strong>)</strong></dt>
1123
+
1124
+ <dd>
1125
+ <p>Process only files with (<strong>-ext</strong>) or without (<strong>--ext</strong>) a specified
1126
+ extension. There may be multiple <strong>-ext</strong> and <strong>--ext</strong> options. Extensions
1127
+ may begin with a leading '.', and case is not significant. For example:</p>
1128
+ <pre>
1129
+ exiftool -ext .JPG DIR # process only JPG files
1130
+ exiftool --ext cr2 --ext dng DIR # supported files but CR2/DNG
1131
+ exiftool --ext . DIR # ignore if no extension
1132
+ exiftool -ext &quot;*&quot; DIR # process all files
1133
+ exiftool -ext &quot;*&quot; --ext xml DIR # process all but XML files</pre>
1134
+ <p>The extension may be <code>&quot;*&quot;</code> as in the last two examples above to force
1135
+ processing files with any extension (not just supported files).</p>
1136
+ <p>Using this option has two main advantages over specifying <code>*.EXT</code> on the
1137
+ command line: 1) It applies to files in subdirectories when combined with
1138
+ the <strong>-r</strong> option. 2) The <strong>-ext</strong> option is case-insensitive, which is
1139
+ useful when processing files on case-sensitive filesystems.</p>
1140
+ </dd>
1141
+ <dt><strong><a name="f_offset_fixbase" class="item"><strong>-F</strong>[<em>OFFSET</em>] (<strong>-fixBase</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
1142
+
1143
+ <dd>
1144
+ <p>Fix the base for maker notes offsets. A common problem with some image
1145
+ editors is that offsets in the maker notes are not adjusted properly when
1146
+ the file is modified. This may cause the wrong values to be extracted for
1147
+ some maker note entries when reading the edited file. This option allows an
1148
+ integer <em>OFFSET</em> to be specified for adjusting the maker notes base offset.
1149
+ If no <em>OFFSET</em> is given, ExifTool takes its best guess at the correct base.
1150
+ Note that exiftool will automatically fix the offsets for images which store
1151
+ original offset information (ie. newer Canon models). Offsets are fixed
1152
+ permanently if <strong>-F</strong> is used when writing EXIF to an image. ie)</p>
1153
+ <pre>
1154
+ exiftool -F -exif:resolutionunit=inches image.jpg</pre>
1155
+ </dd>
1156
+ <dt><strong><a name="fast_num" class="item"><strong>-fast</strong>[<em>NUM</em>]</a></strong></dt>
1157
+
1158
+ <dd>
1159
+ <p>Increase speed of extracting information from JPEG images. With this
1160
+ option, ExifTool will not scan to the end of a JPEG image to check for an
1161
+ AFCP or PreviewImage trailer, or past the first comment in GIF images or the
1162
+ audio/video data in WAV/AVI files to search for additional metadata. These
1163
+ speed benefits are small when reading images directly from disk, but can be
1164
+ substantial if piping images through a network connection. For more
1165
+ substantial speed benefits, <strong>-fast2</strong> also causes exiftool to avoid
1166
+ extracting any EXIF MakerNote information.</p>
1167
+ </dd>
1168
+ <dt><strong><a name="fileorder_tag" class="item"><strong>-fileOrder</strong> [-]<em>TAG</em></a></strong></dt>
1169
+
1170
+ <dd>
1171
+ <p>Set file processing order according to the sorted value of the specified
1172
+ <em>TAG</em>. For example, to process files in order of date:</p>
1173
+ <pre>
1174
+ exiftool -fileOrder DateTimeOriginal DIR</pre>
1175
+ <p>Additional <strong>-fileOrder</strong> options may be added for secondary sort keys.
1176
+ Floating point values are sorted numerically, and all other values are
1177
+ sorted alphabetically. The sort order may be reversed by prefixing the tag
1178
+ name with a <code>-</code> (ie. <code>-fileOrder -createdate</code>). A <code>#</code> may be appended to
1179
+ the tag name to disable print conversion for the sorted values. Note that
1180
+ the <strong>-fileOrder</strong> option has a large performance impact since it involves an
1181
+ additional processing pass of each file.</p>
1182
+ </dd>
1183
+ <dt><strong><a name="dir" class="item"><strong>-i</strong> <em>DIR</em> (<strong>-ignore</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
1184
+
1185
+ <dd>
1186
+ <p>Ignore specified directory name. Use multiple <strong>-i</strong> options to ignore more
1187
+ than one directory name. A special <em>DIR</em> value of <code>SYMLINKS</code> (case
1188
+ sensitive) may be specified to ignore symbolic links when the <strong>-r</strong> option
1189
+ is used.</p>
1190
+ </dd>
1191
+ <dt><strong><a name="if_expr" class="item"><strong>-if</strong> <em>EXPR</em></a></strong></dt>
1192
+
1193
+ <dd>
1194
+ <p>Specify a condition to be evaluated before processing each <em>FILE</em>. <em>EXPR</em>
1195
+ is a Perl-like expression containing tag names prefixed by <code>$</code> symbols. It
1196
+ is evaluated with the tags from each <em>FILE</em> in turn, and the file is
1197
+ processed only if the expression returns true. Unlike Perl variable names,
1198
+ tag names are not case sensitive and may contain a hyphen. As well, tag
1199
+ names may have a leading group name separated by a colon, and/or a trailing
1200
+ <code>#</code> character to disable print conversion. The expression <code>$GROUP:all</code>
1201
+ evaluates to 1 if any tag exists in the specified <code>GROUP</code>, or 0 otherwise
1202
+ (see note 2 below). When multiple <strong>-if</strong> options are used, all conditions
1203
+ must be satisfied to process the file. Returns an exit status of 1 if all
1204
+ files fail the condition. Below are a few examples:</p>
1205
+ <pre>
1206
+ # extract shutterspeed from all Canon images in a directory
1207
+ exiftool -shutterspeed -if '$make eq &quot;Canon&quot;' dir</pre>
1208
+ <pre>
1209
+ # add one hour to all images created on or after Apr. 2, 2006
1210
+ exiftool -alldates+=1 -if '$CreateDate ge &quot;2006:04:02&quot;' dir</pre>
1211
+ <pre>
1212
+ # set EXIF ISO value if possible, unless it is set already
1213
+ exiftool '-exif:iso&lt;iso' -if 'not $exif:iso' dir</pre>
1214
+ <pre>
1215
+ # find images containing a specific keyword (case insensitive)
1216
+ exiftool -if '$keywords =~ /harvey/i' -filename dir</pre>
1217
+ <p>Notes:</p>
1218
+ <p>1) The <strong>-n</strong> and <strong>-b</strong> options also apply to tags used in <em>EXPR</em>.</p>
1219
+ <p>2) Some binary data blocks are not extracted unless specified explicitly.
1220
+ These tags are not available for use in the <strong>-if</strong> condition unless they are
1221
+ also specified on the command line. The alternative is to use the
1222
+ <code>$GROUP:all</code> syntax. (ie. Use <code>$exif:all</code> instead of <code>$exif</code> in <em>EXPR</em>
1223
+ to test for the existence of EXIF tags.)</p>
1224
+ <p>3) Tags in the string are interpolated the same way as with <strong>-p</strong> before the
1225
+ expression is evaluated. In this interpolation, <code>$/</code> is converted to a
1226
+ newline and <code>$$</code> represents a single <code>$</code> symbol (so Perl variables, if
1227
+ used, require a double <code>$</code>).</p>
1228
+ <p>4) The condition may only test tags from the file being processed. To
1229
+ process one file based on tags from another, two steps are required. For
1230
+ example, to process XMP sidecar files in directory <a href="#dir"><code>DIR</code></a> based on tags from
1231
+ the associated NEF:</p>
1232
+ <pre>
1233
+ exiftool -if EXPR -p '$directory/$filename' -ext nef DIR &gt; nef.txt
1234
+ exiftool -@ nef.txt -srcfile %d%f.xmp ...</pre>
1235
+ </dd>
1236
+ <dt><strong><a name="m" class="item"><strong>-m</strong> (<strong>-ignoreMinorErrors</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
1237
+
1238
+ <dd>
1239
+ <p>Ignore minor errors and warnings. This enables writing to files with minor
1240
+ errors and disables some validation checks which could result in minor
1241
+ warnings. Generally, minor errors/warnings indicate a problem which usually
1242
+ won't result in loss of metadata if ignored. However, there are exceptions,
1243
+ so ExifTool leaves it up to you to make the final decision. Minor errors
1244
+ and warnings are indicated by &quot;[minor]&quot; at the start of the message.
1245
+ Warnings which affect processing when ignored are indicated by &quot;[Minor]&quot;
1246
+ (with a capital &quot;M&quot;).</p>
1247
+ </dd>
1248
+ <dt><strong><strong>-o</strong> <em>OUTFILE</em> or <em>FMT</em> (<strong>-out</strong>)</strong></dt>
1249
+
1250
+ <dd>
1251
+ <p>Set the output file or directory name when writing information. Without
1252
+ this option, when any &quot;real&quot; tags are written the original file is renamed
1253
+ to <code>FILE_original</code> and output is written to <em>FILE</em>. When writing only
1254
+ FileName and/or Directory &quot;pseudo&quot; tags, <strong>-o</strong> causes the file to be copied
1255
+ instead of moved, but directories specified for either of these tags take
1256
+ precedence over that specified by the <strong>-o</strong> option.</p>
1257
+ <p><em>OUTFILE</em> may be <code>-</code> to write to stdout. The output file name may also be
1258
+ specified using a <em>FMT</em> string in which %d, %f and %e represent the
1259
+ directory, file name and extension of <em>FILE</em>. Also, %c may be used to add
1260
+ a copy number. See the <strong>-w</strong> option for <em>FMT</em> string examples.</p>
1261
+ <p>The output file is taken to be a directory name if it already exists as a
1262
+ directory or if the name ends with '/'. Output directories are created if
1263
+ necessary. Existing files will not be overwritten. Combining the
1264
+ <strong>-overwrite_original</strong> option with <strong>-o</strong> causes the original source file to
1265
+ be erased after the output file is successfully written.</p>
1266
+ <p>A special feature of this option allows the creation of certain types of
1267
+ files from scratch, or with the metadata from another type of file. The
1268
+ following file types may be created using this technique:</p>
1269
+ <pre>
1270
+ XMP, ICC/ICM, MIE, VRD, EXIF</pre>
1271
+ <p>The output file type is determined by the extension of <em>OUTFILE</em> (specified
1272
+ as <a href="#ext"><code>-.EXT</code></a> when writing to stdout). The output file is then created from a
1273
+ combination of information in <em>FILE</em> (as if the <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> option was
1274
+ used), and tag values assigned on the command line. If no <em>FILE</em> is
1275
+ specified, the output file may be created from scratch using only tags
1276
+ assigned on the command line.</p>
1277
+ </dd>
1278
+ <dt><strong><a name="overwrite_original" class="item"><strong>-overwrite_original</strong></a></strong></dt>
1279
+
1280
+ <dd>
1281
+ <p>Overwrite the original <em>FILE</em> (instead of preserving it by adding
1282
+ <code>_original</code> to the file name) when writing information to an image.
1283
+ Caution: This option should only be used if you already have separate backup
1284
+ copies of your image files. The overwrite is implemented by renaming a
1285
+ temporary file to replace the original. This deletes the original file and
1286
+ replaces it with the edited version in a single operation. When combined
1287
+ with <strong>-o</strong>, this option causes the original file to be deleted if the output
1288
+ file was successfully written (ie. the file is moved instead of copied).</p>
1289
+ </dd>
1290
+ <dt><strong><a name="overwrite_original_in_place" class="item"><strong>-overwrite_original_in_place</strong></a></strong></dt>
1291
+
1292
+ <dd>
1293
+ <p>Similar to <strong>-overwrite_original</strong> except that an extra step is added to
1294
+ allow the original file attributes to be preserved. For example, on a Mac
1295
+ this causes the original file creation date, type, creator, label color,
1296
+ icon and hard links to the file to be preserved (but note that the Mac OS
1297
+ resource fork is always preserved unless specifically deleted with
1298
+ <code>-rsrc:all=</code>). This is implemented by opening the original file in update
1299
+ mode and replacing its data with a copy of a temporary file before deleting
1300
+ the temporary. The extra step results in slower performance, so the
1301
+ <strong>-overwrite_original</strong> option should be used instead unless necessary.</p>
1302
+ </dd>
1303
+ <dt><strong><a name="p" class="item"><strong>-P</strong> (<strong>-preserve</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
1304
+
1305
+ <dd>
1306
+ <p>Preserve the filesystem modification date/time of the original file
1307
+ (<code>FileModifyDate</code>) when writing. Note that some filesystems store a
1308
+ creation date which is not preserved by this option, with the exception of
1309
+ Windows systems where Win32API::File::Time is available. For other systems,
1310
+ the <strong>-overwrite_original_in_place</strong> option may be used if necessary to
1311
+ preserve the creation date.</p>
1312
+ </dd>
1313
+ <dt><strong><a name="password_passwd" class="item"><strong>-password</strong> <em>PASSWD</em></a></strong></dt>
1314
+
1315
+ <dd>
1316
+ <p>Specify password to allow processing of password-protected PDF documents.
1317
+ If a password is required but not given, a warning is issued and the
1318
+ document is not processed. Ignored if a password is not required.</p>
1319
+ </dd>
1320
+ <dt><strong><a name="progress" class="item"><strong>-progress</strong></a></strong></dt>
1321
+
1322
+ <dd>
1323
+ <p>Show file progress count in messages. The progress count appears in
1324
+ brackets after then name of each processed file, and gives the current file
1325
+ number and the total number of files to be processed. Implies the <strong>-v0</strong>
1326
+ option, which prints the name of each processed file when writing. When
1327
+ combined with the [tt]-if[/tt] option, the total count includes all files
1328
+ before the condition is applied, but files that fail the condition will not
1329
+ have their names printed.</p>
1330
+ </dd>
1331
+ <dt><strong><a name="q" class="item"><strong>-q</strong> (<strong>-quiet</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
1332
+
1333
+ <dd>
1334
+ <p>Quiet processing. One <strong>-q</strong> suppresses normal informational messages, and a
1335
+ second <strong>-q</strong> suppresses warnings as well. Error messages can not be
1336
+ suppressed, although minor errors may be downgraded to warnings with the
1337
+ <strong>-m</strong> option.</p>
1338
+ </dd>
1339
+ <dt><strong><a name="r" class="item"><strong>-r</strong> (<strong>-recurse</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
1340
+
1341
+ <dd>
1342
+ <p>Recursively process files in subdirectories. Only meaningful if <em>FILE</em> is
1343
+ a directory name. By default, exiftool will also follow symbolic links to
1344
+ directories if supported by the system, but this may be disabled with
1345
+ <code>-i SYMLINKS</code> (see the <strong>-i</strong> option for details).</p>
1346
+ </dd>
1347
+ <dt><strong><a name="scanforxmp" class="item"><strong>-scanForXMP</strong></a></strong></dt>
1348
+
1349
+ <dd>
1350
+ <p>Scan all files (even unsupported formats) for XMP information unless found
1351
+ already. When combined with the <strong>-fast</strong> option, only unsupported file
1352
+ types are scanned. Warning: It can be time consuming to scan large files.</p>
1353
+ </dd>
1354
+ <dt><strong><a name="u" class="item"><strong>-u</strong> (<strong>-unknown</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
1355
+
1356
+ <dd>
1357
+ <p>Extract values of unknown tags. Add another <strong>-u</strong> to also extract unknown
1358
+ information from binary data blocks. This option applies to tags with
1359
+ numerical tag ID's, and causes tag names like &quot;Exif_0xc5d9&quot; to be generated
1360
+ for unknown information. It has no effect on information types which have
1361
+ human-readable tag ID's (such as XMP), since unknown tags are extracted
1362
+ automatically from these formats.</p>
1363
+ </dd>
1364
+ <dt><strong><a name="u" class="item"><strong>-U</strong> (<strong>-unknown2</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
1365
+
1366
+ <dd>
1367
+ <p>Extract values of unknown tags as well as unknown information from some
1368
+ binary data blocks. This is the same as two <strong>-u</strong> options.</p>
1369
+ </dd>
1370
+ <dt><strong><a name="mode" class="item"><strong>-wm</strong> <em>MODE</em> (<strong>-writeMode</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
1371
+
1372
+ <dd>
1373
+ <p>Set mode for writing/creating tags. <em>MODE</em> is a string of one or more
1374
+ characters from the list below. Write mode is <code>wcg</code> unless otherwise
1375
+ specified.</p>
1376
+ <pre>
1377
+ w - Write existing tags
1378
+ c - Create new tags
1379
+ g - create new Groups as necessary</pre>
1380
+ <p>The level of the group is the SubDirectory level in the metadata structure.
1381
+ For XMP or IPTC this is the full XMP/IPTC block (the family 0 group), but
1382
+ for EXIF this is the individual IFD (the family 1 group).</p>
1383
+ </dd>
1384
+ <dt><strong><a name="z" class="item"><strong>-z</strong> (<strong>-zip</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
1385
+
1386
+ <dd>
1387
+ <p>When reading, causes information to be extracted from .gz and .bz2
1388
+ compressed images. (Only one image per archive. Requires gzip and bzip2 to
1389
+ be installed on the system.) When writing, causes compressed information to
1390
+ be written if supported by the image format. (ie. The PNG format supports
1391
+ compressed text.) This option also disables the recommended padding in
1392
+ embedded XMP, saving 2424 bytes when writing XMP in a file.</p>
1393
+ </dd>
1394
+ </dl>
1395
+ <p>
1396
+ </p>
1397
+ <h3><a name="special_features">Special features</a></h3>
1398
+ <dl>
1399
+ <dt><strong><a name="geotag_trkfile" class="item"><strong>-geotag</strong> <em>TRKFILE</em></a></strong></dt>
1400
+
1401
+ <dd>
1402
+ <p>Geotag images from the specified GPS track log file. Using the <strong>-geotag</strong>
1403
+ option is equivalent to writing a value to the <code>Geotag</code> tag. After the
1404
+ <strong>-geotag</strong> option has been specified, the value of the <code>Geotime</code> tag is
1405
+ written to define a date/time for the position interpolation. If <code>Geotime</code>
1406
+ is not specified, the value is copied from <code>DateTimeOriginal</code>. For
1407
+ example, the following two commands are equivalent:</p>
1408
+ <pre>
1409
+ exiftool -geotag track.log image.jpg
1410
+ exiftool -geotag &quot;-Geotime&lt;DateTimeOriginal&quot; image.jpg</pre>
1411
+ <p>When the <code>Geotime</code> value is converted to UTC, the local system timezone is
1412
+ assumed unless the date/time value contains a timezone. Writing <code>Geotime</code>
1413
+ causes the following tags to be written (provided they can be calculated
1414
+ from the track log, and they are supported by the destination metadata
1415
+ format): GPSLatitude, GPSLatitudeRef, GPSLongitude, GPSLongitudeRef,
1416
+ GPSAltitude, GPSAltitudeRef, GPSDateStamp, GPSTimeStamp, GPSDateTime,
1417
+ GPSTrack, GPSTrackRef, GPSSpeed, GPSSpeedRef, GPSImgDirection,
1418
+ GPSImgDirectionRef, GPSPitch and GPSRoll. By default, tags are created in
1419
+ EXIF, and updated in XMP only if they already exist. However,
1420
+ <code>EXIF:Geotime</code> or <code>XMP:Geotime</code> may be specified to write only EXIF or XMP
1421
+ tags respectively. Note that GPSPitch and GPSRoll are non-standard, and
1422
+ require user-defined tags in order to be written.</p>
1423
+ <p>The <code>Geosync</code> tag may be used to specify a time correction which is applied
1424
+ to each <code>Geotime</code> value for synchronization with GPS time. For example,
1425
+ the following command compensates for image times which are 1 minute and 20
1426
+ seconds behind GPS:</p>
1427
+ <pre>
1428
+ exiftool -geosync=+1:20 -geotag a.log DIR</pre>
1429
+ <p><code>Geosync</code> must be set before <code>Geotime</code> (if specified) to be effective.
1430
+ Advanced <code>Geosync</code> features allow a linear time drift correction and
1431
+ synchronization from previously geotagged images. See &quot;geotag.html&quot; in the
1432
+ full ExifTool distribution for more information.</p>
1433
+ <p>Multiple <strong>-geotag</strong> options may be used to concatinate GPS track log data.
1434
+ Also, a single <strong>-geotag</strong> option may be used to load multiple track log
1435
+ files by using wildcards in the <em>TRKFILE</em> name, but note that in this case
1436
+ <em>TRKFILE</em> must be quoted on most systems (with the notable exception of
1437
+ Windows) to prevent filename expansion. For example:</p>
1438
+ <pre>
1439
+ exiftool -geotag &quot;TRACKDIR/*.log&quot; IMAGEDIR</pre>
1440
+ <p>Currently supported track file formats are GPX, NMEA RMC/GGA/GLL, KML, IGC,
1441
+ Garmin XML and TCX, Magellan PMGNTRK, Honeywell PTNTHPR, and Winplus Beacon
1442
+ text files. See <a href="#geotagging_examples">GEOTAGGING EXAMPLES</a> for examples. Also see
1443
+ &quot;geotag.html&quot; in the full ExifTool distribution and the
1444
+ <a href="ExifTool.html#options">Image::ExifTool Options</a> for more details and for
1445
+ information about geotag configuration options.</p>
1446
+ </dd>
1447
+ <dt><strong><a name="globaltimeshift_shift" class="item"><strong>-globalTimeShift</strong> <em>SHIFT</em></a></strong></dt>
1448
+
1449
+ <dd>
1450
+ <p>Shift all formatted date/time values by the specified amount when reading.
1451
+ Does not apply to unformatted (<strong>-n</strong>) output. <em>SHIFT</em> takes the same form
1452
+ as the date/time shift when writing (see
1453
+ <a href="Shift.html">Image::ExifTool::Shift.pl</a> for details), with a
1454
+ negative shift being indicated with a minus sign (<code>-</code>) at the start of the
1455
+ <em>SHIFT</em> string. For example:</p>
1456
+ <pre>
1457
+ # return all date/times, shifted back by 1 hour
1458
+ exiftool -globalTimeShift -1 -time:all a.jpg</pre>
1459
+ <pre>
1460
+ # set the file name from the shifted CreateDate (-1 day) for
1461
+ # all images in a directory
1462
+ exiftool &quot;-filename&lt;createdate&quot; -globaltimeshift &quot;-0:0:1 0:0:0&quot; \
1463
+ -d %Y%m%d-%H%M%S.%%e dir</pre>
1464
+ </dd>
1465
+ <dt><strong><a name="use_module" class="item"><strong>-use</strong> <em>MODULE</em></a></strong></dt>
1466
+
1467
+ <dd>
1468
+ <p>Add features from specified plug-in <em>MODULE</em>. Currently, the MWG module is
1469
+ the only plug-in module distributed with exiftool. This module adds
1470
+ read/write support for tags as recommended by the Metadata Working Group.
1471
+ To save typing, <code>-use MWG</code> is assumed if the <code>MWG</code> group is specified for
1472
+ any tag on the command line. See the
1473
+ <a href="TagNames/MWG.html">MWG Tags documentation</a> for more
1474
+ details. (Note that this option is not reversible, and remains in effect
1475
+ until the application terminates, even across the <code>-execute</code> option.)</p>
1476
+ </dd>
1477
+ </dl>
1478
+ <p>
1479
+ </p>
1480
+ <h3><a name="utilities">Utilities</a></h3>
1481
+ <dl>
1482
+ <dt><strong><a name="restore_original" class="item"><strong>-restore_original</strong></a></strong></dt>
1483
+
1484
+ <dt><strong><a name="delete_original" class="item"><strong>-delete_original</strong>[!]</a></strong></dt>
1485
+
1486
+ <dd>
1487
+ <p>These utility options automate the maintenance of the <code>_original</code> files
1488
+ created by exiftool. They have no effect on files without an <code>_original</code>
1489
+ copy. The <strong>-restore_original</strong> option restores the specified files from
1490
+ their original copies by renaming the <code>_original</code> files to replace the
1491
+ edited versions. For example, the following command restores the originals
1492
+ of all JPG images in directory <a href="#dir"><code>DIR</code></a>:</p>
1493
+ <pre>
1494
+ exiftool -restore_original -ext jpg DIR</pre>
1495
+ <p>The <strong>-delete_original</strong> option deletes the <code>_original</code> copies of all files
1496
+ specified on the command line. Without a trailing <code>!</code> this option prompts
1497
+ for confirmation before continuing. For example, the following command
1498
+ deletes <code>a.jpg_original</code> if it exists, after asking &quot;Are you sure?&quot;:</p>
1499
+ <pre>
1500
+ exiftool -delete_original a.jpg</pre>
1501
+ <p>These options may not be used with other options to read or write tag values
1502
+ in the same command, but may be combined with options such <strong>-ext</strong>, <strong>-if</strong>,
1503
+ <strong>-r</strong>, <strong>-q</strong> and <strong>-v</strong>.</p>
1504
+ </dd>
1505
+ </dl>
1506
+ <p>
1507
+ </p>
1508
+ <h3><a name="other_options">Other options</a></h3>
1509
+ <dl>
1510
+ <dt><strong><a name="argfile" class="item"><strong>-@</strong> <em>ARGFILE</em></a></strong></dt>
1511
+
1512
+ <dd>
1513
+ <p>Read command-line arguments from the specified file. The file contains one
1514
+ argument per line (NOT one option per line -- some options require
1515
+ additional arguments, and all arguments must be placed on separate lines).
1516
+ Blank lines and lines beginning with <code>#</code> and are ignored. Normal shell
1517
+ processing of arguments is not performed, which among other things means
1518
+ that arguments should not be quoted and spaces are treated as any other
1519
+ character. <em>ARGFILE</em> may exist relative to either the current directory or
1520
+ the exiftool directory unless an absolute pathname is given.</p>
1521
+ <p>For example, the following <em>ARGFILE</em> will set the value of Copyright to
1522
+ &quot;Copyright YYYY, Phil Harvey&quot;, where &quot;YYYY&quot; is the year of CreateDate:</p>
1523
+ <pre>
1524
+ -d
1525
+ %Y
1526
+ -copyright&lt;Copyright $createdate, Phil Harvey</pre>
1527
+ </dd>
1528
+ <dt><strong><a name="k" class="item"><strong>-k</strong> (<strong>-pause</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
1529
+
1530
+ <dd>
1531
+ <p>Pause with the message <code>-- press any key --</code> or <code>-- press RETURN --</code>
1532
+ (depending on your system) before terminating. This option is used to
1533
+ prevent the command window from closing when run as a Windows drag and drop
1534
+ application.</p>
1535
+ </dd>
1536
+ <dt><strong><a name="list_listw_listf_listr_listwf_listg_num_listd_listx" class="item"><strong>-list</strong>, <strong>-listw</strong>, <strong>-listf</strong>, <strong>-listr</strong>, <strong>-listwf</strong>,
1537
+ <strong>-listg</strong>[<em>NUM</em>], <strong>-listd</strong>, <strong>-listx</strong></a></strong></dt>
1538
+
1539
+ <dd>
1540
+ <p>Print a list of all valid tag names (<strong>-list</strong>), all writable tag names
1541
+ (<strong>-listw</strong>), all supported file extensions (<strong>-listff</strong>), all recognized file
1542
+ extensions (<strong>-listr</strong>), all writable file extensions (<strong>-listwf</strong>), all tag
1543
+ groups [in a specified family] (<strong>-listg</strong>[<em>NUM</em>]), all deletable tag groups
1544
+ (<strong>-listd</strong>), or an XML database of tag details including language
1545
+ translations (<strong>-listx</strong>). The <strong>-list</strong>, <strong>-listw</strong> and <strong>-listx</strong> options may
1546
+ be followed by an additional argument of the form <code>-GROUP:All</code> to list only
1547
+ tags in a specific group, where <code>GROUP</code> is one or more family 0-2 group
1548
+ names (excepting EXIF IFD groups) separated by colons. With <strong>-listg</strong>,
1549
+ <em>NUM</em> may be given to specify the group family, otherwise family 0 is
1550
+ assumed. Here are some examples:</p>
1551
+ <pre>
1552
+ -list # list all tag names
1553
+ -list -EXIF:All # list all EXIF tags
1554
+ -list -xmp:time:all # list all XMP tags relating to time
1555
+ -listw -XMP-dc:All # list all writable XMP-dc tags
1556
+ -listf # list all supported file extensions
1557
+ -listr # list all recognized file extensions
1558
+ -listwf # list all writable file extensions
1559
+ -listg1 # list all groups in family 1
1560
+ -listd # list all deletable groups
1561
+ -listx -EXIF:All # list database of EXIF tags in XML format
1562
+ -listx -XMP:All -s # list short XML database of XMP tags</pre>
1563
+ <p>When combined with <strong>-listx</strong>, the <strong>-s</strong> option shortens the output by
1564
+ omitting the descriptions and values (as in the last example above), and
1565
+ <strong>-f</strong> adds a 'flags' attribute if applicable. The flags are formatted as a
1566
+ comma-separated list of the following possible values: Avoid, Binary, List,
1567
+ Mandatory, Permanent, Protected, Unknown and Unsafe (see the <a href="TagNames/index.html">Tag Name documentation</a>). For XMP List tags, the list type
1568
+ (Alt, Bag or Seq) is added to the flags, and flattened structure tags are
1569
+ indicated by a Flattened flag.</p>
1570
+ <p>Note that none of the <strong>-list</strong> options require an input <em>FILE</em>.</p>
1571
+ </dd>
1572
+ <dt><strong><a name="ver" class="item"><strong>-ver</strong></a></strong></dt>
1573
+
1574
+ <dd>
1575
+ <p>Print exiftool version number.</p>
1576
+ </dd>
1577
+ </dl>
1578
+ <p>
1579
+ </p>
1580
+ <h3><a name="advanced_options">Advanced options</a></h3>
1581
+ <p>Among other things, the advanced options allow complex processing to be
1582
+ performed from a single command without the need for additional scripting.
1583
+ This may be particularly useful for implementations such as Windows
1584
+ drag-and-drop applications. These options may also be used to improve
1585
+ performance in multi-pass processing by reducing the overhead required to
1586
+ load exiftool for each invocation.</p>
1587
+ <dl>
1588
+ <dt><strong><a name="common_args" class="item"><strong>-common_args</strong></a></strong></dt>
1589
+
1590
+ <dd>
1591
+ <p>Specifies that all arguments following this option are common to all
1592
+ executed commands when <strong>-execute</strong> is used. This and the <strong>-config</strong> option
1593
+ are the only options that may not be used inside a <strong>-@</strong> <em>ARGFILE</em>. Note
1594
+ that by definition this option and its arguments MUST come after all other
1595
+ options on the command line.</p>
1596
+ </dd>
1597
+ <dt><strong><a name="config_cfgfile" class="item"><strong>-config</strong> <em>CFGFILE</em></a></strong></dt>
1598
+
1599
+ <dd>
1600
+ <p>Load specified configuration file instead of the default &quot;.ExifTool_config&quot;.
1601
+ If used, this option must come before all other arguments on the command
1602
+ line. The <em>CFGFILE</em> name may contain a directory specification (otherwise
1603
+ the file must exist in the current directory), or may be set to an empty
1604
+ string (&quot;&quot;) to disable loading of the config file. See the sample
1605
+ configuration file and &quot;config.html&quot; in the full ExifTool distribution for
1606
+ more information about the ExifTool configuration file.</p>
1607
+ </dd>
1608
+ <dt><strong><a name="echo_num_text" class="item"><strong>-echo</strong>[<em>NUM</em>] <em>TEXT</em></a></strong></dt>
1609
+
1610
+ <dd>
1611
+ <p>Echo text to stdout (<strong>-echo</strong> or <strong>-echo1</strong>) or stderr (<strong>-echo2</strong>). Text is
1612
+ output as the command line is parsed, before the processing of any input
1613
+ files. <em>NUM</em> may also be 3 or 4 to output text (to stdout or stderr
1614
+ respectively) after processing is complete.</p>
1615
+ </dd>
1616
+ <dt><strong><a name="execute_num" class="item"><strong>-execute</strong>[<em>NUM</em>]</a></strong></dt>
1617
+
1618
+ <dd>
1619
+ <p>Execute command for all arguments up to this point on the command line.
1620
+ Allows multiple commands to be executed from a single command line. <em>NUM</em>
1621
+ is an optional number that is echoed in the &quot;{ready}&quot; message when using the
1622
+ <strong>-stay_open</strong> feature.</p>
1623
+ </dd>
1624
+ <dt><strong><a name="srcfile_fmt" class="item"><strong>-srcfile</strong> <em>FMT</em></a></strong></dt>
1625
+
1626
+ <dd>
1627
+ <p>Specify a different source file to be processed based on the name of the
1628
+ original <em>FILE</em>. This may be useful in some special situations for
1629
+ processing related preview images or sidecar files. See the <strong>-w</strong> option
1630
+ for a description of the <em>FMT</em> syntax. Note that file name <em>FMT</em> strings
1631
+ for all options are based on the original <em>FILE</em> specified from the command
1632
+ line, not the name of the source file specified by <strong>-srcfile</strong>.</p>
1633
+ <p>If than one <strong>-srcfile</strong> option is specified, the files are tested in order
1634
+ and the first existing source file is processed. If none of the source
1635
+ files already exist, then exiftool uses the first <strong>-srcfile</strong> specified.</p>
1636
+ <p>A <em>FMT</em> of <code>@</code> may be used to represent the original <em>FILE</em>, which may be
1637
+ useful when specifying multiple <strong>-srcfile</strong> options (ie. to fall back to
1638
+ processing the original <em>FILE</em> if no sidecar exists).</p>
1639
+ </dd>
1640
+ <dt><strong><a name="stay_open_flag" class="item"><strong>-stay_open</strong> <em>FLAG</em></a></strong></dt>
1641
+
1642
+ <dd>
1643
+ <p>If <em>FLAG</em> is <code>1</code> or <code>True</code>, causes exiftool keep reading from the <strong>-@</strong>
1644
+ <em>ARGFILE</em> even after reaching the end of file. This feature allows calling
1645
+ applications to pre-load exiftool, thus avoiding the overhead of loading
1646
+ exiftool for each command. The procedure is as follows:</p>
1647
+ <p>1) Execute <code>exiftool -stay_open True -@ ARGFILE</code>, where <em>ARGFILE</em> is the
1648
+ name of an existing (possibly empty) argument file or <code>-</code> to pipe arguments
1649
+ from the standard input.</p>
1650
+ <p>2) Write exiftool command-line arguments to <em>ARGFILE</em>, one argument per
1651
+ line (see the <strong>-@</strong> option for details).</p>
1652
+ <p>3) Write <code>-execute\n</code> to <em>ARGFILE</em>, where <a href="#n"><code>\n</code></a> represents a newline
1653
+ sequence. (Note: You may need to flush your write buffers here if using
1654
+ buffered output.) Exiftool will then execute the command with the arguments
1655
+ received up to this point, send a &quot;{ready}&quot; message to stdout when done
1656
+ (unless the <strong>-q</strong> or <strong>-T</strong> option is used), and continue trying to read
1657
+ arguments for the next command from <em>ARGFILE</em>. To aid in command/response
1658
+ synchronization, any number appended to the <code>-execute</code> option is echoed in
1659
+ the &quot;{ready}&quot; message. For example, <code>-execute613</code> results in &quot;{ready613}&quot;.</p>
1660
+ <p>4) Repeat steps 2 and 3 for each command.</p>
1661
+ <p>5) Write <code>-stay_open\nFalse\n</code> to <em>ARGFILE</em> when done. This will cause
1662
+ exiftool to process any remaining command-line arguments then exit normally.</p>
1663
+ <p>The input <em>ARGFILE</em> may be changed at any time before step 5 above by
1664
+ writing the following lines to the currently open <em>ARGFILE</em>:</p>
1665
+ <pre>
1666
+ -stay_open
1667
+ True
1668
+ -@
1669
+ NEWARGFILE</pre>
1670
+ <p>This causes <em>ARGFILE</em> to be closed, and <em>NEWARGFILE</em> to be kept open.
1671
+ (Without the <strong>-stay_open</strong> here, exiftool would have returned to reading
1672
+ arguments from <em>ARGFILE</em> after reaching the end of <em>NEWARGFILE</em>.)</p>
1673
+ <p>Note: When writing arguments to a disk file there is a delay of up to 0.01
1674
+ seconds after writing <code>-execute\n</code> before exiftool starts processing the
1675
+ command. This delay may be avoided by sending a CONT signal to the exiftool
1676
+ process immediately after writing <code>-execute\n</code>. (There is no associated
1677
+ delay when writing arguments via a pipe with <code>-@ -</code>, so the signal is not
1678
+ necessary when using this technique.)</p>
1679
+ </dd>
1680
+ </dl>
1681
+ <p>
1682
+ </p>
1683
+ <hr />
1684
+ <h1><a name="reading_examples">READING EXAMPLES</a></h1>
1685
+ <p><strong>Note</strong>: Beware when cutting and pasting these examples into your terminal!
1686
+ Some characters such as single and double quotes and hyphens may have been
1687
+ changed into similar-looking yet functionally-different characters by the
1688
+ text formatter used to display this documentation. Also note that Windows
1689
+ users must use double quotes instead of single quotes as below around
1690
+ arguments containing special characters.</p>
1691
+ <dl>
1692
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_a_u_g1_a_jpg" class="item">exiftool -a -u -g1 a.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1693
+
1694
+ <dd>
1695
+ <p>Print all meta information in an image, including duplicate and unknown
1696
+ tags, sorted by group (for family 1).</p>
1697
+ </dd>
1698
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_common_dir" class="item">exiftool -common dir</a></strong></dt>
1699
+
1700
+ <dd>
1701
+ <p>Print common meta information for all images in <code>dir</code>.</p>
1702
+ </dd>
1703
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_t_createdate_aperture_shutterspeed_iso_dir_out_txt" class="item">exiftool -T -createdate -aperture -shutterspeed -iso dir &gt; out.txt</a></strong></dt>
1704
+
1705
+ <dd>
1706
+ <p>List specified meta information in tab-delimited column form for all images
1707
+ in <code>dir</code> to an output text file named &quot;out.txt&quot;.</p>
1708
+ </dd>
1709
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_s_imagesize_exposuretime_b_jpg" class="item">exiftool -s -ImageSize -ExposureTime b.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1710
+
1711
+ <dd>
1712
+ <p>Print ImageSize and ExposureTime tag names and values.</p>
1713
+ </dd>
1714
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_l_canon_c_jpg_d_jpg" class="item">exiftool -l -canon c.jpg d.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1715
+
1716
+ <dd>
1717
+ <p>Print standard Canon information from two image files.</p>
1718
+ </dd>
1719
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_r_w_txt_common_pictures" class="item">exiftool -r -w .txt -common pictures</a></strong></dt>
1720
+
1721
+ <dd>
1722
+ <p>Recursively extract common meta information from files in <code>pictures</code>
1723
+ directory, writing text output to <code>.txt</code> files with the same names.</p>
1724
+ </dd>
1725
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_b_thumbnailimage_image_jpg_thumbnail_jpg" class="item">exiftool -b -ThumbnailImage image.jpg &gt; thumbnail.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1726
+
1727
+ <dd>
1728
+ <p>Save thumbnail image from <code>image.jpg</code> to a file called <code>thumbnail.jpg</code>.</p>
1729
+ </dd>
1730
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_b_jpgfromraw_w_jfr_jpg_ext_nef_r" class="item">exiftool -b -JpgFromRaw -w _JFR.JPG -ext NEF -r .</a></strong></dt>
1731
+
1732
+ <dd>
1733
+ <p>Recursively extract JPG image from all Nikon NEF files in the current
1734
+ directory, adding <code>_JFR.JPG</code> for the name of the output JPG files.</p>
1735
+ </dd>
1736
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_d_r_a_b_e_y_datetimeoriginal_s_s_ext_jpg" class="item">exiftool -d '%r %a, %B %e, %Y' -DateTimeOriginal -S -s -ext jpg .</a></strong></dt>
1737
+
1738
+ <dd>
1739
+ <p>Print formatted date/time for all JPG files in the current directory.</p>
1740
+ </dd>
1741
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_ifd1_xresolution_ifd1_yresolution_image_jpg" class="item">exiftool -IFD1:XResolution -IFD1:YResolution image.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1742
+
1743
+ <dd>
1744
+ <p>Extract image resolution from EXIF IFD1 information (thumbnail image IFD).</p>
1745
+ </dd>
1746
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_resolution_image_jpg" class="item">exiftool '-*resolution*' image.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1747
+
1748
+ <dd>
1749
+ <p>Extract all tags with names containing the word &quot;Resolution&quot; from an image.</p>
1750
+ </dd>
1751
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_xmp_author_all_a_image_jpg" class="item">exiftool -xmp:author:all -a image.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1752
+
1753
+ <dd>
1754
+ <p>Extract all author-related XMP information from an image.</p>
1755
+ </dd>
1756
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_xmp_b_a_jpg_out_xmp" class="item">exiftool -xmp -b a.jpg &gt; out.xmp</a></strong></dt>
1757
+
1758
+ <dd>
1759
+ <p>Extract complete XMP data record intact from <code>a.jpg</code> and write it to
1760
+ <code>out.xmp</code> using the special <code>XMP</code> tag (see the Extra tags in
1761
+ <a href="TagNames/index.html">Image::ExifTool::TagNames</a>).</p>
1762
+ </dd>
1763
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_p_filename_has_date_datetimeoriginal_q_f_dir" class="item">exiftool -p '$filename has date $dateTimeOriginal' -q -f dir</a></strong></dt>
1764
+
1765
+ <dd>
1766
+ <p>Print one line of output containing the file name and DateTimeOriginal for
1767
+ each image in directory <code>dir</code>.</p>
1768
+ </dd>
1769
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_ee_p_gpslatitude_gpslongitude_gpstimestamp_a_m2ts" class="item">exiftool -ee -p '$gpslatitude, $gpslongitude, $gpstimestamp' a.m2ts</a></strong></dt>
1770
+
1771
+ <dd>
1772
+ <p>Extract all GPS positions from an AVCHD video.</p>
1773
+ </dd>
1774
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_icc_profile_b_w_icc_image_jpg" class="item">exiftool -icc_profile -b -w icc image.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1775
+
1776
+ <dd>
1777
+ <p>Save complete ICC_Profile from an image to an output file with the same name
1778
+ and an extension of <code>.icc</code>.</p>
1779
+ </dd>
1780
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_htmldump_w_tmp_f_e_html_t_images" class="item">exiftool -htmldump -w tmp/%f_%e.html t/images</a></strong></dt>
1781
+
1782
+ <dd>
1783
+ <p>Generate HTML pages from a hex dump of EXIF information in all images from
1784
+ the <code>t/images</code> directory. The output HTML files are written to the <code>tmp</code>
1785
+ directory (which is created if it didn't exist), with names of the form
1786
+ 'FILENAME_EXT.html'.</p>
1787
+ </dd>
1788
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_a_b_ee_embeddedimage_w_image_3g3_s_file_pdf" class="item">exiftool -a -b -ee -embeddedimage -W Image_%.3g3.%s file.pdf</a></strong></dt>
1789
+
1790
+ <dd>
1791
+ <p>Extract embedded JPG and JP2 images from a PDF file. The output images will
1792
+ have file names like &quot;Image_#.jpg&quot; or &quot;Image_#.jp2&quot;, where &quot;#&quot; is the
1793
+ ExifTool family 3 embedded document number for the image.</p>
1794
+ </dd>
1795
+ </dl>
1796
+ <p>
1797
+ </p>
1798
+ <hr />
1799
+ <h1><a name="writing_examples">WRITING EXAMPLES</a></h1>
1800
+ <p>Note that quotes are necessary around arguments which contain certain
1801
+ special characters such as <code>&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;</code> or any white space. These
1802
+ quoting techniques are shell dependent, but the examples below will work for
1803
+ most Unix shells. With the Windows cmd shell however, double quotes should
1804
+ be used (ie. -Comment=&#34;This is a new comment&#34;).</p>
1805
+ <dl>
1806
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_comment_this_is_a_new_comment_dst_jpg" class="item">exiftool -Comment='This is a new comment' dst.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1807
+
1808
+ <dd>
1809
+ <p>Write new comment to a JPG image (replaces any existing comment).</p>
1810
+ </dd>
1811
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_comment_o_newdir_ext_jpg" class="item">exiftool -comment= -o newdir -ext jpg .</a></strong></dt>
1812
+
1813
+ <dd>
1814
+ <p>Remove comment from all JPG images in the current directory, writing the
1815
+ modified images to a new directory.</p>
1816
+ </dd>
1817
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_keywords_exif_keywords_editor_dst_jpg" class="item">exiftool -keywords=EXIF -keywords=editor dst.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1818
+
1819
+ <dd>
1820
+ <p>Replace existing keyword list with two new keywords (<code>EXIF</code> and <code>editor</code>).</p>
1821
+ </dd>
1822
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_keywords_word_o_newfile_jpg_src_jpg" class="item">exiftool -Keywords+=word -o newfile.jpg src.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1823
+
1824
+ <dd>
1825
+ <p>Copy a source image to a new file, and add a keyword (<code>word</code>) to the
1826
+ current list of keywords.</p>
1827
+ </dd>
1828
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_exposurecompensation_0_5_a_jpg" class="item">exiftool -exposurecompensation+=-0.5 a.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1829
+
1830
+ <dd>
1831
+ <p>Decrement the value of ExposureCompensation by 0.5 EV. Note that += with a
1832
+ negative value is used for decrementing because the -= operator is used for
1833
+ conditional deletion (see next example).</p>
1834
+ </dd>
1835
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_credit_xxx_dir" class="item">exiftool -credit-=xxx dir</a></strong></dt>
1836
+
1837
+ <dd>
1838
+ <p>Delete Credit information from all files in a directory where the Credit
1839
+ value was (<code>xxx</code>).</p>
1840
+ </dd>
1841
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_xmp_description_de_k_uuml_hl_e_dst_jpg" class="item">exiftool -xmp:description-de='k&amp;uuml;hl' -E dst.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1842
+
1843
+ <dd>
1844
+ <p>Write alternate language for XMP:Description, using HTML character escaping
1845
+ to input special characters.</p>
1846
+ </dd>
1847
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_all_dst_jpg" class="item">exiftool -all= dst.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1848
+
1849
+ <dd>
1850
+ <p>Delete all meta information from an image. Note: You should NOT do this to
1851
+ RAW images (except DNG) since proprietary RAW image formats often contain
1852
+ information in the makernotes that is necessary for converting the image.</p>
1853
+ </dd>
1854
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_all_comment_lonely_dst_jpg" class="item">exiftool -all= -comment='lonely' dst.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1855
+
1856
+ <dd>
1857
+ <p>Delete all meta information from an image and add a comment back in. (Note
1858
+ that the order is important: <code>-comment='lonely' -all=</code> would also delete
1859
+ the new comment.)</p>
1860
+ </dd>
1861
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_all_jfif_all_dst_jpg" class="item">exiftool -all= --jfif:all dst.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1862
+
1863
+ <dd>
1864
+ <p>Delete all meta information except JFIF group from an image.</p>
1865
+ </dd>
1866
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_photoshop_all_dst_jpg" class="item">exiftool -Photoshop:All= dst.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1867
+
1868
+ <dd>
1869
+ <p>Delete Photoshop meta information from an image (note that the Photoshop
1870
+ information also includes IPTC).</p>
1871
+ </dd>
1872
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_r_xmp_crss_all_dir" class="item">exiftool -r -XMP-crss:all= DIR</a></strong></dt>
1873
+
1874
+ <dd>
1875
+ <p>Recursively delete all XMP-crss information from images in a directory.</p>
1876
+ </dd>
1877
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_thumbnailimage_thumb_jpg_dst_jpg" class="item">exiftool '-ThumbnailImage&lt;=thumb.jpg' dst.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1878
+
1879
+ <dd>
1880
+ <p>Set the thumbnail image from specified file (Note: The quotes are necessary
1881
+ to prevent shell redirection).</p>
1882
+ </dd>
1883
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_jpgfromraw_d_f_jfr_jpg_ext_nef_r" class="item">exiftool '-JpgFromRaw&lt;=%d%f_JFR.JPG' -ext NEF -r .</a></strong></dt>
1884
+
1885
+ <dd>
1886
+ <p>Recursively write JPEG images with filenames ending in <code>_JFR.JPG</code> to the
1887
+ JpgFromRaw tag of like-named files with extension <code>.NEF</code> in the current
1888
+ directory. (This is the inverse of the <code>-JpgFromRaw</code> command of the
1889
+ <a href="#reading_examples">READING EXAMPLES</a> section above.)</p>
1890
+ </dd>
1891
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_datetimeoriginal_0_0_0_1_30_0_dir" class="item">exiftool -DateTimeOriginal-='0:0:0 1:30:0' dir</a></strong></dt>
1892
+
1893
+ <dd>
1894
+ <p>Adjust original date/time of all images in directory <code>dir</code> by subtracting
1895
+ one hour and 30 minutes. (This is equivalent to <code>-DateTimeOriginal-=1.5</code>.
1896
+ See <a href="Shift.html">Image::ExifTool::Shift.pl</a> for details.)</p>
1897
+ </dd>
1898
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_createdate_3_modifydate_3_a_jpg_b_jpg" class="item">exiftool -createdate+=3 -modifydate+=3 a.jpg b.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1899
+
1900
+ <dd>
1901
+ <p>Add 3 hours to the CreateDate and ModifyDate timestamps of two images.</p>
1902
+ </dd>
1903
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_alldates_1_30_if_make_eq_canon_dir" class="item">exiftool -AllDates+=1:30 -if '$make eq &#34;Canon&#34;' dir</a></strong></dt>
1904
+
1905
+ <dd>
1906
+ <p>Shift the values of DateTimeOriginal, CreateDate and ModifyDate forward by 1
1907
+ hour and 30 minutes for all Canon images in a directory. (The AllDates tag
1908
+ is provided as a shortcut for these three tags, allowing them to be accessed
1909
+ via a single tag.)</p>
1910
+ </dd>
1911
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_xmp_city_kingston_image1_jpg_image2_nef" class="item">exiftool -xmp:city=Kingston image1.jpg image2.nef</a></strong></dt>
1912
+
1913
+ <dd>
1914
+ <p>Write a tag to the XMP group of two images. (Without the <code>xmp:</code> this tag
1915
+ would get written to the IPTC group since <code>City</code> exists in both, and IPTC
1916
+ is preferred by default.)</p>
1917
+ </dd>
1918
+ <dt><strong><a name="unknown" class="item">exiftool -LightSource-='Unknown (0)' dst.tiff</a></strong></dt>
1919
+
1920
+ <dd>
1921
+ <p>Delete <code>LightSource</code> tag only if it is unknown with a value of 0.</p>
1922
+ </dd>
1923
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_whitebalance_auto_whitebalance_tung_dst_jpg" class="item">exiftool -whitebalance-=auto -WhiteBalance=tung dst.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1924
+
1925
+ <dd>
1926
+ <p>Set <code>WhiteBalance</code> to <code>Tungsten</code> only if it was previously <code>Auto</code>.</p>
1927
+ </dd>
1928
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_comment_comment_new_comment_a_jpg" class="item">exiftool -comment-= -comment='new comment' a.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1929
+
1930
+ <dd>
1931
+ <p>Write a new comment only if the image doesn't have one already.</p>
1932
+ </dd>
1933
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_o_d_f_xmp_dir" class="item">exiftool -o %d%f.xmp dir</a></strong></dt>
1934
+
1935
+ <dd>
1936
+ <p>Create XMP meta information data files for all images in <code>dir</code>.</p>
1937
+ </dd>
1938
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_o_test_xmp_owner_phil_title_xmp_file" class="item">exiftool -o test.xmp -owner=Phil -title='XMP File'</a></strong></dt>
1939
+
1940
+ <dd>
1941
+ <p>Create an XMP data file only from tags defined on the command line.</p>
1942
+ </dd>
1943
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_icc_profile_d_f_icc_image_jpg" class="item">exiftool '-ICC_Profile&lt;=%d%f.icc' image.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1944
+
1945
+ <dd>
1946
+ <p>Write ICC_Profile to an image from a <code>.icc</code> file of the same name.</p>
1947
+ </dd>
1948
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_hierarchicalkeywords_keyword_one_children_keyword_b" class="item">exiftool -hierarchicalkeywords='{keyword=one,children={keyword=B}}'</a></strong></dt>
1949
+
1950
+ <dd>
1951
+ <p>Write structured XMP information. See
1952
+ <a href="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/struct.html">http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/struct.html</a> for more details.</p>
1953
+ </dd>
1954
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_trailer_all_image_jpg" class="item">exiftool -trailer:all= image.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1955
+
1956
+ <dd>
1957
+ <p>Delete any trailer found after the end of image (EOI) in a JPEG file. A
1958
+ number of digital cameras store a large PreviewImage after the JPEG EOI, and
1959
+ the file size may be reduced significantly by deleting this trailer. See
1960
+ the <a href="TagNames/JPEG.html">JPEG Tags documentation</a> for a
1961
+ list of recognized JPEG trailers.</p>
1962
+ </dd>
1963
+ </dl>
1964
+ <p>
1965
+ </p>
1966
+ <hr />
1967
+ <h1><a name="copying_examples">COPYING EXAMPLES</a></h1>
1968
+ <p>These examples demonstrate the ability to copy tag values between files.</p>
1969
+ <dl>
1970
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_tagsfromfile_src_cr2_dst_jpg" class="item">exiftool -tagsFromFile src.cr2 dst.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1971
+
1972
+ <dd>
1973
+ <p>Copy the values of all writable tags from <code>src.cr2</code> to <code>dst.jpg</code>, writing
1974
+ the information to same-named tags in the preferred groups.</p>
1975
+ </dd>
1976
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_tagsfromfile_src_jpg_all_all_dst_jpg" class="item">exiftool -TagsFromFile src.jpg -all:all dst.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1977
+
1978
+ <dd>
1979
+ <p>Copy the values of all writable tags from <code>src.jpg</code> to <code>dst.jpg</code>,
1980
+ preserving the original tag groups.</p>
1981
+ </dd>
1982
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_all_tagsfromfile_src_jpg_exif_all_dst_jpg" class="item">exiftool -all= -tagsfromfile src.jpg -exif:all dst.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1983
+
1984
+ <dd>
1985
+ <p>Erase all meta information from <code>dst.jpg</code> image, then copy EXIF tags from
1986
+ <code>src.jpg</code>.</p>
1987
+ </dd>
1988
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_exif_all_tagsfromfile_all_all_unsafe_bad_jpg" class="item">exiftool -exif:all= -tagsfromfile @ -all:all -unsafe bad.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1989
+
1990
+ <dd>
1991
+ <p>Rebuild all EXIF meta information from scratch in an image. This technique
1992
+ can be used in JPEG images to repair corrupted EXIF information which
1993
+ otherwise could not be written due to errors. The <code>Unsafe</code> tag is a
1994
+ shortcut for unsafe EXIF tags in JPEG images which are not normally copied.
1995
+ See the <a href="TagNames/index.html">tag name documentation</a> for more details
1996
+ about unsafe tags.</p>
1997
+ </dd>
1998
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_tagsfromfile_a_jpg_out_xmp" class="item">exiftool -Tagsfromfile a.jpg out.xmp</a></strong></dt>
1999
+
2000
+ <dd>
2001
+ <p>Copy meta information from <code>a.jpg</code> to an XMP data file. If the XMP data
2002
+ file <code>out.xmp</code> already exists, it will be updated with the new information.
2003
+ Otherwise the XMP data file will be created. Only XMP, ICC and MIE files
2004
+ may be created like this (other file types may be edited but not created).
2005
+ See <a href="#writing_examples">WRITING EXAMPLES</a> above for another technique to generate XMP files.</p>
2006
+ </dd>
2007
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_tagsfromfile_a_jpg_xmp_all_thumbnailimage_m_b_jpg" class="item">exiftool -tagsFromFile a.jpg -XMP:All= -ThumbnailImage= -m b.jpg</a></strong></dt>
2008
+
2009
+ <dd>
2010
+ <p>Copy all meta information from <code>a.jpg</code> to <code>b.jpg</code>, deleting all XMP
2011
+ information and the thumbnail image from the destination.</p>
2012
+ </dd>
2013
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_tagsfromfile_src_jpg_title_author_phil_dst_jpg" class="item">exiftool -TagsFromFile src.jpg -title -author=Phil dst.jpg</a></strong></dt>
2014
+
2015
+ <dd>
2016
+ <p>Copy title from one image to another and set a new author name.</p>
2017
+ </dd>
2018
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_tagsfromfile_a_jpg_iso_tagsfromfile_b_jpg_comment_dst_jpg" class="item">exiftool -TagsFromFile a.jpg -ISO -TagsFromFile b.jpg -comment
2019
+ dst.jpg</a></strong></dt>
2020
+
2021
+ <dd>
2022
+ <p>Copy ISO from one image and Comment from another image to a destination
2023
+ image.</p>
2024
+ </dd>
2025
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_tagsfromfile_src_jpg_exif_all_subifd_all_dst_jpg" class="item">exiftool -tagsfromfile src.jpg -exif:all --subifd:all dst.jpg</a></strong></dt>
2026
+
2027
+ <dd>
2028
+ <p>Copy only the EXIF information from one image to another, excluding SubIFD
2029
+ tags.</p>
2030
+ </dd>
2031
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_filemodifydate_datetimeoriginal_dir" class="item">exiftool '-FileModifyDate&lt;DateTimeOriginal' dir</a></strong></dt>
2032
+
2033
+ <dd>
2034
+ <p>Use the original date from the meta information to set the same file's
2035
+ filesystem modification date for all images in a directory. (Note that
2036
+ <code>-TagsFromFile @</code> is assumed if no other <strong>-TagsFromFile</strong> is specified when
2037
+ redirecting information as in this example.)</p>
2038
+ </dd>
2039
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_tagsfromfile_src_jpg_xmp_all_all_dst_jpg" class="item">exiftool -TagsFromFile src.jpg '-xmp:all&lt;all' dst.jpg</a></strong></dt>
2040
+
2041
+ <dd>
2042
+ <p>Copy all possible information from <code>src.jpg</code> and write in XMP format to
2043
+ <code>dst.jpg</code>.</p>
2044
+ </dd>
2045
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_iptc2xmp_args_iptc_all_a_jpg" class="item">exiftool -@ iptc2xmp.args -iptc:all= a.jpg</a></strong></dt>
2046
+
2047
+ <dd>
2048
+ <p>Translate IPTC information to XMP with appropriate tag name conversions, and
2049
+ delete the original IPTC information from an image. This example uses
2050
+ iptc2xmp.args, which is a file included with the ExifTool distribution that
2051
+ contains the required arguments to convert IPTC information to XMP format.
2052
+ Also included with the distribution are xmp2iptc.args (which performs the
2053
+ inverse conversion) and a few more .args files for other conversions between
2054
+ EXIF, IPTC and XMP.</p>
2055
+ </dd>
2056
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_tagsfromfile_d_f_cr2_r_ext_jpg_dir" class="item">exiftool -tagsfromfile %d%f.CR2 -r -ext JPG dir</a></strong></dt>
2057
+
2058
+ <dd>
2059
+ <p>Recursively rewrite all <code>JPG</code> images in <code>dir</code> with information copied from
2060
+ the corresponding <code>CR2</code> images in the same directories.</p>
2061
+ </dd>
2062
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_keywords_make_image_jpg" class="item">exiftool '-keywords+&lt;make' image.jpg</a></strong></dt>
2063
+
2064
+ <dd>
2065
+ <p>Add camera make to list of keywords.</p>
2066
+ </dd>
2067
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_comment_iso_exif_iso_exposure_shutterspeed_dir" class="item">exiftool '-comment&lt;ISO=$exif:iso Exposure=${shutterspeed}' dir</a></strong></dt>
2068
+
2069
+ <dd>
2070
+ <p>Set the Comment tag of all images in <code>dir</code> from the values of the EXIF:ISO
2071
+ and ShutterSpeed tags. The resulting comment will be in the form &quot;ISO=100
2072
+ Exposure=1/60&quot;.</p>
2073
+ </dd>
2074
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_tagsfromfile_src_jpg_icc_profile_dst_jpg" class="item">exiftool -TagsFromFile src.jpg -icc_profile dst.jpg</a></strong></dt>
2075
+
2076
+ <dd>
2077
+ <p>Copy ICC_Profile from one image to another.</p>
2078
+ </dd>
2079
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_tagsfromfile_src_jpg_all_all_dst_mie" class="item">exiftool -TagsFromFile src.jpg -all:all dst.mie</a></strong></dt>
2080
+
2081
+ <dd>
2082
+ <p>Copy all meta information in its original form from a JPEG image to a MIE
2083
+ file. The MIE file will be created if it doesn't exist. This technique can
2084
+ be used to store the metadata of an image so it can be inserted back into
2085
+ the image (with the inverse command) later in a workflow.</p>
2086
+ </dd>
2087
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_o_dst_mie_all_all_src_jpg" class="item">exiftool -o dst.mie -all:all src.jpg</a></strong></dt>
2088
+
2089
+ <dd>
2090
+ <p>This command performs exactly the same task as the command above, except
2091
+ that the <strong>-o</strong> option will not write to an output file that already exists.</p>
2092
+ </dd>
2093
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_if_jpgfromraw_b_jpgfromraw_w_d_f_ue_jpg_execute_if_previewimage_b_previewimage_w_d_f_ue_jpg_execute_tagsfromfile_srcfile_d_f_ue_jpg_overwrite_original_common_args_ext_jpg_dir" class="item">exiftool -if '$jpgfromraw' -b -jpgfromraw -w %d%f_%ue.jpg -execute
2094
+ -if '$previewimage' -b -previewimage -w %d%f_%ue.jpg -execute
2095
+ -tagsfromfile @ -srcfile %d%f_%ue.jpg -overwrite_original
2096
+ -common_args --ext jpg DIR</a></strong></dt>
2097
+
2098
+ <dd>
2099
+ <p>[Advanced] Extract JpgFromRaw or PreviewImage from all but JPG files in DIR,
2100
+ saving them with file names like <code>image_EXT.jpg</code>, then add all meta
2101
+ information from the original files to the extracted images. Here, the
2102
+ command line is broken into three sections (separated by <strong>-execute</strong>
2103
+ options), and each is executed as if it were a separate command. The
2104
+ <strong>-common_args</strong> option causes the <code>--ext jpg DIR</code> arguments to be applied
2105
+ to all three commands, and the <strong>-srcfile</strong> option allows the extracted JPG
2106
+ image to be the source file for the third command (whereas the RAW files are
2107
+ the source files for the other two commands).</p>
2108
+ </dd>
2109
+ </dl>
2110
+ <p>
2111
+ </p>
2112
+ <hr />
2113
+ <h1><a name="renaming_examples">RENAMING EXAMPLES</a></h1>
2114
+ <p>By writing the <code>FileName</code> and <code>Directory</code> tags, files are renamed and/or
2115
+ moved to new directories. This can be particularly useful and powerful for
2116
+ organizing files by date when combined with the <strong>-d</strong> option. New
2117
+ directories are created as necessary, but existing files will not be
2118
+ overwritten. The format codes %d, %f and %e may be used in the new file
2119
+ name to represent the directory, name and extension of the original file,
2120
+ and %c may be used to add a copy number if the file already exists (see the
2121
+ <strong>-w</strong> option for details). Note that if used within a date format string,
2122
+ an extra '%' must be added to pass these codes through the date/time parser.
2123
+ (And further note that in a Windows batch file, all '%' characters must also
2124
+ be escaped, so in this extreme case '%%%%f' is necessary to pass a simple
2125
+ '%f' through the two levels of parsing.) See
2126
+ <a href="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/filename.html">http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/filename.html</a> for additional
2127
+ documentation and examples.</p>
2128
+ <dl>
2129
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_filename_new_jpg_dir_old_jpg" class="item">exiftool -filename=new.jpg dir/old.jpg</a></strong></dt>
2130
+
2131
+ <dd>
2132
+ <p>Rename <code>old.jpg</code> to <code>new.jpg</code> in directory <code>dir</code>.</p>
2133
+ </dd>
2134
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_directory_e_dir" class="item">exiftool -directory=%e dir</a></strong></dt>
2135
+
2136
+ <dd>
2137
+ <p>Move all files from directory <code>dir</code> into directories named by the original
2138
+ file extensions.</p>
2139
+ </dd>
2140
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_directory_datetimeoriginal_d_y_m_d_dir" class="item">exiftool '-Directory&lt;DateTimeOriginal' -d %Y/%m/%d dir</a></strong></dt>
2141
+
2142
+ <dd>
2143
+ <p>Move all files in <code>dir</code> into a directory hierarchy based on year, month and
2144
+ day of <code>DateTimeOriginal</code>. ie) This command would move the file
2145
+ <code>dir/image.jpg</code> with a <code>DateTimeOriginal</code> of <code>2005:10:12 16:05:56</code> to
2146
+ <code>2005/10/12/image.jpg</code>.</p>
2147
+ </dd>
2148
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_o_directory_datetimeoriginal_d_y_m_d_dir" class="item">exiftool -o . '-Directory&lt;DateTimeOriginal' -d %Y/%m/%d dir</a></strong></dt>
2149
+
2150
+ <dd>
2151
+ <p>Same effect as above except files are copied instead of moved.</p>
2152
+ </dd>
2153
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_filename_f_model_e_dir" class="item">exiftool '-filename&lt;%f_${model;}.%e' dir</a></strong></dt>
2154
+
2155
+ <dd>
2156
+ <p>Rename all files in <code>dir</code> by adding the camera model name to the file name.
2157
+ The semicolon after the tag name inside the braces causes characters which
2158
+ are invalid in Windows file names to be deleted from the tag value (see the
2159
+ <strong>-p</strong> option documentation for an explanation).</p>
2160
+ </dd>
2161
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_filename_createdate_d_y_m_d_h_m_s_c_e_dir" class="item">exiftool '-FileName&lt;CreateDate' -d %Y%m%d_%H%M%S%%-c.%%e dir</a></strong></dt>
2162
+
2163
+ <dd>
2164
+ <p>Rename all images in <code>dir</code> according to the <code>CreateDate</code> date and time,
2165
+ adding a copy number with leading '-' if the file already exists (<code>%-c</code>),
2166
+ and preserving the original file extension (<code>%e</code>). Note the extra '%'
2167
+ necessary to escape the filename codes (<code>%c</code> and <code>%e</code>) in the date format
2168
+ string.</p>
2169
+ </dd>
2170
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_r_filename_createdate_d_y_m_d_h_m_f_e_dir" class="item">exiftool -r '-FileName&lt;CreateDate' -d %Y-%m-%d/%H%M_%%f.%%e dir</a></strong></dt>
2171
+
2172
+ <dd>
2173
+ <p>Both the directory and the filename may be changed together via the
2174
+ <code>FileName</code> tag if the new <code>FileName</code> contains a '/'. The example above
2175
+ recursively renames all images in a directory by adding a <code>CreateDate</code>
2176
+ timestamp to the start of the filename, then moves them into new directories
2177
+ named by date.</p>
2178
+ </dd>
2179
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_filename_createdate_filenumber_jpg_d_y_m_d_ext_jpg" class="item">exiftool '-FileName&lt;${CreateDate}_$filenumber.jpg' -d %Y%m%d -ext jpg .</a></strong></dt>
2180
+
2181
+ <dd>
2182
+ <p>Set the filename of all JPG images in the current directory from the
2183
+ CreateDate and FileNumber tags, in the form &quot;20060507_118-1861.jpg&quot;.</p>
2184
+ </dd>
2185
+ </dl>
2186
+ <p>
2187
+ </p>
2188
+ <hr />
2189
+ <h1><a name="geotagging_examples">GEOTAGGING EXAMPLES</a></h1>
2190
+ <p>ExifTool implements geotagging via 3 special tags: Geotag (which for
2191
+ convenience is also implemented as an exiftool option), Geosync and Geotime.
2192
+ The examples below highlight some geotagging features. See
2193
+ <a href="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/geotag.html">http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/geotag.html</a> for additional
2194
+ documentation.</p>
2195
+ <dl>
2196
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_geotag_track_log_a_jpg" class="item">exiftool -geotag track.log a.jpg</a></strong></dt>
2197
+
2198
+ <dd>
2199
+ <p>Geotag an image (<code>a.jpg</code>) from position information in a GPS track log
2200
+ (<code>track.log</code>). Since the <code>Geotime</code> tag is not specified, the value of
2201
+ DateTimeOriginal is used for geotagging. Local system time is assumed
2202
+ unless DateTimeOriginal contains a timezone.</p>
2203
+ </dd>
2204
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_geotag_t_log_geotime_2009_04_02_13_41_12_05_00_a_jpg" class="item">exiftool -geotag t.log -geotime='2009:04:02 13:41:12-05:00' a.jpg</a></strong></dt>
2205
+
2206
+ <dd>
2207
+ <p>Geotag an image with the GPS position for a specific time. (Note that the
2208
+ <code>Geotag</code> tag must be assigned before <code>Geotime</code> for the GPS data to be
2209
+ available when <code>Geotime</code> is set.)</p>
2210
+ </dd>
2211
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_geotag_log_gpx_xmp_geotime_createdate_dir" class="item">exiftool -geotag log.gpx '-xmp:geotime&lt;createdate' dir</a></strong></dt>
2212
+
2213
+ <dd>
2214
+ <p>Geotag all images in directory <code>dir</code> with XMP tags instead of EXIF tags,
2215
+ based on the image CreateDate. (In this case, the order of the arguments
2216
+ doesn't matter because tags with values copied from other tags are always
2217
+ set after constant values.)</p>
2218
+ </dd>
2219
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_geotag_a_log_geosync_20_dir" class="item">exiftool -geotag a.log -geosync=-20 dir</a></strong></dt>
2220
+
2221
+ <dd>
2222
+ <p>Geotag images in directory <code>dir</code>, accounting for image timestamps which
2223
+ were 20 seconds ahead of GPS.</p>
2224
+ </dd>
2225
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_geotag_a_log_geosync_1_jpg_geosync_2_jpg_dir" class="item">exiftool -geotag a.log -geosync=1.jpg -geosync=2.jpg dir</a></strong></dt>
2226
+
2227
+ <dd>
2228
+ <p>Geotag images using time synchronization from two previously geotagged images
2229
+ (1.jpg and 2.jpg), synchronizing the image and GPS times using a linear time
2230
+ drift correction.</p>
2231
+ </dd>
2232
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_geotag_a_log_geotime_createdate_01_00_dir" class="item">exiftool -geotag a.log '-geotime&lt;${createdate}+01:00' dir</a></strong></dt>
2233
+
2234
+ <dd>
2235
+ <p>Geotag images in <code>dir</code> using CreateDate with the specified timezone. If
2236
+ CreateDate already contained a timezone, then the timezone specified on the
2237
+ command line is ignored.</p>
2238
+ </dd>
2239
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_geotag_a_jpg" class="item">exiftool -geotag= a.jpg</a></strong></dt>
2240
+
2241
+ <dd>
2242
+ <p>Delete GPS tags which may have been added by the geotag feature. Note that
2243
+ this does not remove all GPS tags -- to do this instead use <code>-gps:all=</code>.</p>
2244
+ </dd>
2245
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_xmp_geotag_a_jpg" class="item">exiftool -xmp:geotag= a.jpg</a></strong></dt>
2246
+
2247
+ <dd>
2248
+ <p>Delete XMP GPS tags which were added by the geotag feature.</p>
2249
+ </dd>
2250
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_xmp_geotag_track_log_a_jpg" class="item">exiftool -xmp:geotag=track.log a.jpg</a></strong></dt>
2251
+
2252
+ <dd>
2253
+ <p>Geotag an image with XMP tags, using the time from DateTimeOriginal.</p>
2254
+ </dd>
2255
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_geotag_a_log_geotag_b_log_r_dir" class="item">exiftool -geotag a.log -geotag b.log -r dir</a></strong></dt>
2256
+
2257
+ <dd>
2258
+ <p>Combine multiple track logs and geotag an entire directory tree of images.</p>
2259
+ </dd>
2260
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_geotag_tracks_log_r_dir" class="item">exiftool -geotag 'tracks/*.log' -r dir</a></strong></dt>
2261
+
2262
+ <dd>
2263
+ <p>Read all track logs from the <code>tracks</code> directory.</p>
2264
+ </dd>
2265
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_p_gpx_fmt_d_y_m_dt_h_m_sz_dir_out_gpx" class="item">exiftool -p gpx.fmt -d %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ dir &gt; out.gpx</a></strong></dt>
2266
+
2267
+ <dd>
2268
+ <p>Generate a GPX track log from all images in directory <code>dir</code>. This example
2269
+ uses the <code>gpx.fmt</code> file included in the full ExifTool distribution package
2270
+ and assumes that the images in <code>dir</code> have all been previously geotagged.</p>
2271
+ </dd>
2272
+ </dl>
2273
+ <p>
2274
+ </p>
2275
+ <hr />
2276
+ <h1><a name="piping_examples">PIPING EXAMPLES</a></h1>
2277
+ <dl>
2278
+ <dt><strong><a name="cat_a_jpg_exiftool" class="item">cat a.jpg | exiftool -</a></strong></dt>
2279
+
2280
+ <dd>
2281
+ <p>Extract information from stdin.</p>
2282
+ </dd>
2283
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_image_jpg_thumbnailimage_b_exiftool" class="item">exiftool image.jpg -thumbnailimage -b | exiftool -</a></strong></dt>
2284
+
2285
+ <dd>
2286
+ <p>Extract information from an embedded thumbnail image.</p>
2287
+ </dd>
2288
+ <dt><strong><a name="cat_a_jpg_exiftool_iptc_keywords_fantastic_b_jpg" class="item">cat a.jpg | exiftool -iptc:keywords+=fantastic - &gt; b.jpg</a></strong></dt>
2289
+
2290
+ <dd>
2291
+ <p>Add an IPTC keyword in a pipeline, saving output to a new file.</p>
2292
+ </dd>
2293
+ <dt><strong><a name="wget_qo_http_a_domain_com_bigfile_jpg_exiftool_fast" class="item">wget -qO - <a href="http://a.domain.com/bigfile.jpg">http://a.domain.com/bigfile.jpg</a> | exiftool -fast -</a></strong></dt>
2294
+
2295
+ <dd>
2296
+ <p>Extract information from an image over the internet using the GNU wget
2297
+ utility. The <strong>-fast</strong> option prevents exiftool from scanning for trailer
2298
+ information, so only the meta information header is transferred.</p>
2299
+ </dd>
2300
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_a_jpg_thumbnailimage_b_exiftool_comment_wow_exiftool_a_jpg_thumbnailimage" class="item">exiftool a.jpg -thumbnailimage -b | exiftool -comment=wow - |
2301
+ exiftool a.jpg -thumbnailimage'&lt;=-'</a></strong></dt>
2302
+
2303
+ <dd>
2304
+ <p>Add a comment to an embedded thumbnail image. (Why anyone would want to do
2305
+ this I don't know, but I've included this as an example to illustrate the
2306
+ flexibility of ExifTool.)</p>
2307
+ </dd>
2308
+ </dl>
2309
+ <p>
2310
+ </p>
2311
+ <hr />
2312
+ <h1><a name="diagnostics">DIAGNOSTICS</a></h1>
2313
+ <p>The exiftool application exits with a status of 0 on success, or 1 if an
2314
+ error occured or if all files failed the <strong>-if</strong> condition.</p>
2315
+ <p>
2316
+ </p>
2317
+ <hr />
2318
+ <h1><a name="author">AUTHOR</a></h1>
2319
+ <p>Copyright 2003-2013, Phil Harvey</p>
2320
+ <p>This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
2321
+ same terms as Perl itself.</p>
2322
+ <p>
2323
+ </p>
2324
+ <hr />
2325
+ <h1><a name="see_also">SEE ALSO</a></h1>
2326
+ <p><a href="ExifTool.html">Image::ExifTool(3pm)</a>,
2327
+ <a href="TagNames/index.html">Image::ExifTool::TagNames(3pm)</a>,
2328
+ <a href="http://search.cpan.org/dist/Image-ExifTool/lib/Image/ExifTool/Shortcuts.pm">Image::ExifTool::Shortcuts(3pm)</a>,
2329
+ <a href="Shift.html">Image::ExifTool::Shift.pl</a></p>
2330
+ <table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3">
2331
+ <tr><td class="block" style="background-color: #cccccc" valign="middle">
2332
+ <big><strong><span class="block">&nbsp;exiftool Application Documentation</span></strong></big>
2333
+ </td></tr>
2334
+ </table>
2335
+
2336
+ </body>
2337
+
2338
+ </html>