exiftool_vendored 9.33.0

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Files changed (864) hide show
  1. checksums.yaml +15 -0
  2. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/Changes +6241 -0
  3. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/MANIFEST +859 -0
  4. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/META.yml +27 -0
  5. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/Makefile.PL +41 -0
  6. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/README +227 -0
  7. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/arg_files/exif2iptc.args +24 -0
  8. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/arg_files/exif2xmp.args +38 -0
  9. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/arg_files/gps2xmp.args +20 -0
  10. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/arg_files/iptc2exif.args +17 -0
  11. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/arg_files/iptc2xmp.args +53 -0
  12. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/arg_files/iptcCore.args +172 -0
  13. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/arg_files/pdf2xmp.args +23 -0
  14. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/arg_files/xmp2exif.args +39 -0
  15. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/arg_files/xmp2gps.args +24 -0
  16. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/arg_files/xmp2iptc.args +62 -0
  17. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/arg_files/xmp2pdf.args +23 -0
  18. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/config_files/ExifTool_config +299 -0
  19. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/config_files/convert_regions.config +81 -0
  20. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/exiftool +5715 -0
  21. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/fmt_files/gpx.fmt +29 -0
  22. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/fmt_files/gpx_wpt.fmt +33 -0
  23. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/fmt_files/kml.fmt +53 -0
  24. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/ExifTool.html +1959 -0
  25. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/MIE1.1-20070121.pdf +0 -0
  26. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/Shift.html +173 -0
  27. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/AFCP.html +53 -0
  28. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/AIFF.html +146 -0
  29. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/APE.html +149 -0
  30. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/APP12.html +188 -0
  31. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/ASF.html +1066 -0
  32. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/BMP.html +110 -0
  33. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Canon.html +8062 -0
  34. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/CanonCustom.html +2044 -0
  35. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/CanonRaw.html +561 -0
  36. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/CanonVRD.html +1222 -0
  37. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Casio.html +1569 -0
  38. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Composite.html +665 -0
  39. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/DICOM.html +15762 -0
  40. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/DNG.html +273 -0
  41. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/DV.html +75 -0
  42. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/DarwinCore.html +1445 -0
  43. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/DjVu.html +313 -0
  44. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/EXE.html +697 -0
  45. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/EXIF.html +3244 -0
  46. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Extra.html +301 -0
  47. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/FLAC.html +183 -0
  48. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/FLIR.html +931 -0
  49. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Flash.html +419 -0
  50. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/FlashPix.html +1435 -0
  51. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Font.html +485 -0
  52. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/FotoStation.html +103 -0
  53. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/FujiFilm.html +637 -0
  54. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/GE.html +40 -0
  55. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/GIF.html +116 -0
  56. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/GIMP.html +140 -0
  57. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/GPS.html +222 -0
  58. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/GeoTiff.html +2177 -0
  59. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/H264.html +393 -0
  60. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/HP.html +155 -0
  61. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/HTML.html +666 -0
  62. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/ICC_Profile.html +710 -0
  63. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/ID3.html +1473 -0
  64. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/IPTC.html +895 -0
  65. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/ITC.html +90 -0
  66. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/JFIF.html +61 -0
  67. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/JPEG.html +523 -0
  68. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/JVC.html +56 -0
  69. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Jpeg2000.html +464 -0
  70. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Kodak.html +1759 -0
  71. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/KyoceraRaw.html +92 -0
  72. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/LNK.html +478 -0
  73. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Leaf.html +870 -0
  74. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/M2TS.html +133 -0
  75. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/MIE.html +1026 -0
  76. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/MIFF.html +196 -0
  77. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/MNG.html +847 -0
  78. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/MPC.html +97 -0
  79. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/MPEG.html +249 -0
  80. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/MPF.html +199 -0
  81. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/MWG.html +563 -0
  82. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/MXF.html +6673 -0
  83. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Matroska.html +1069 -0
  84. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Microsoft.html +2066 -0
  85. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Minolta.html +2555 -0
  86. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/MinoltaRaw.html +326 -0
  87. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Nikon.html +4467 -0
  88. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/NikonCapture.html +776 -0
  89. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/NikonCustom.html +3835 -0
  90. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/OOXML.html +280 -0
  91. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Ogg.html +44 -0
  92. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Olympus.html +3386 -0
  93. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/OpenEXR.html +222 -0
  94. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/PDF.html +745 -0
  95. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/PGF.html +80 -0
  96. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/PICT.html +753 -0
  97. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/PLIST.html +86 -0
  98. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/PNG.html +515 -0
  99. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/PSP.html +160 -0
  100. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Panasonic.html +1452 -0
  101. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/PanasonicRaw.html +214 -0
  102. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Pentax.html +4332 -0
  103. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/PhaseOne.html +258 -0
  104. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/PhotoCD.html +402 -0
  105. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/PhotoMechanic.html +196 -0
  106. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Photoshop.html +555 -0
  107. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/PostScript.html +125 -0
  108. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/PrintIM.html +31 -0
  109. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Qualcomm.html +4778 -0
  110. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/QuickTime.html +3104 -0
  111. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/RIFF.html +1164 -0
  112. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/RSRC.html +74 -0
  113. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/RTF.html +150 -0
  114. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Radiance.html +87 -0
  115. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Rawzor.html +45 -0
  116. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Real.html +780 -0
  117. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Reconyx.html +132 -0
  118. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Ricoh.html +456 -0
  119. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Samsung.html +419 -0
  120. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Sanyo.html +366 -0
  121. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Shortcuts.html +237 -0
  122. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Sigma.html +372 -0
  123. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/SigmaRaw.html +403 -0
  124. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Sony.html +4279 -0
  125. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/SonyIDC.html +267 -0
  126. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Stim.html +200 -0
  127. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Theora.html +102 -0
  128. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Unknown.html +31 -0
  129. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/Vorbis.html +228 -0
  130. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/XMP.html +7234 -0
  131. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/ZIP.html +204 -0
  132. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/iWork.html +49 -0
  133. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/index.html +192 -0
  134. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/TagNames/style.css +31 -0
  135. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/ancient_history.html +6727 -0
  136. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/canon_raw.html +366 -0
  137. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/commentary.html +319 -0
  138. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/config.html +312 -0
  139. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/data_members.html +265 -0
  140. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/exiftool_pod.html +2338 -0
  141. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/faq.html +1434 -0
  142. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/filename.html +281 -0
  143. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/geotag.html +642 -0
  144. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/history.html +358 -0
  145. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/htmldump.html +732 -0
  146. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/idiosyncracies.html +251 -0
  147. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/index.html +1271 -0
  148. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/install.html +239 -0
  149. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/metafiles.html +266 -0
  150. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/overview.png +0 -0
  151. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/standards.html +277 -0
  152. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/struct.html +342 -0
  153. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/style.css +31 -0
  154. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/under.html +124 -0
  155. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/verbose.html +195 -0
  156. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/writing.html +239 -0
  157. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/File/RandomAccess.pm +378 -0
  158. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/File/RandomAccess.pod +231 -0
  159. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool.pm +6815 -0
  160. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool.pod +2385 -0
  161. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/AES.pm +501 -0
  162. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/AFCP.pm +284 -0
  163. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/AIFF.pm +271 -0
  164. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/APE.pm +262 -0
  165. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/APP12.pm +322 -0
  166. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/ASF.pm +884 -0
  167. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/BMP.pm +179 -0
  168. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/BZZ.pm +472 -0
  169. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/BigTIFF.pm +282 -0
  170. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/BuildTagLookup.pm +2400 -0
  171. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Canon.pm +7794 -0
  172. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/CanonCustom.pm +2523 -0
  173. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/CanonRaw.pm +931 -0
  174. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/CanonVRD.pm +1481 -0
  175. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/CaptureOne.pm +235 -0
  176. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Casio.pm +2013 -0
  177. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset.pm +396 -0
  178. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/Arabic.pm +39 -0
  179. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/Baltic.pm +35 -0
  180. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/Cyrillic.pm +45 -0
  181. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/Greek.pm +40 -0
  182. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/Hebrew.pm +36 -0
  183. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/JIS.pm +1735 -0
  184. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/Latin.pm +24 -0
  185. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/Latin2.pm +36 -0
  186. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/MacArabic.pm +47 -0
  187. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/MacChineseCN.pm +2088 -0
  188. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/MacChineseTW.pm +3623 -0
  189. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/MacCroatian.pm +43 -0
  190. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/MacCyrillic.pm +47 -0
  191. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/MacGreek.pm +45 -0
  192. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/MacHebrew.pm +47 -0
  193. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/MacIceland.pm +42 -0
  194. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/MacJapanese.pm +1933 -0
  195. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/MacKorean.pm +2720 -0
  196. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/MacLatin2.pm +44 -0
  197. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/MacRSymbol.pm +2087 -0
  198. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/MacRoman.pm +42 -0
  199. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/MacRomanian.pm +42 -0
  200. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/MacThai.pm +49 -0
  201. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/MacTurkish.pm +42 -0
  202. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/PDFDoc.pm +28 -0
  203. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/ShiftJIS.pm +1835 -0
  204. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/Symbol.pm +54 -0
  205. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/Thai.pm +41 -0
  206. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/Turkish.pm +25 -0
  207. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Charset/Vietnam.pm +27 -0
  208. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/DICOM.pm +3835 -0
  209. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/DNG.pm +835 -0
  210. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/DV.pm +319 -0
  211. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/DarwinCore.pm +317 -0
  212. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/DjVu.pm +376 -0
  213. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/EXE.pm +1228 -0
  214. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Exif.pm +4542 -0
  215. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/FLAC.pm +296 -0
  216. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/FLIR.pm +972 -0
  217. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Fixup.pm +354 -0
  218. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Flash.pm +755 -0
  219. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/FlashPix.pm +1882 -0
  220. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Font.pm +643 -0
  221. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/FotoStation.pm +258 -0
  222. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/FujiFilm.pm +1020 -0
  223. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/GE.pm +80 -0
  224. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/GIF.pm +542 -0
  225. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/GIMP.pm +258 -0
  226. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/GPS.pm +511 -0
  227. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/GeoTiff.pm +2187 -0
  228. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Geotag.pm +1173 -0
  229. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/H264.pm +1102 -0
  230. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/HP.pm +262 -0
  231. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/HTML.pm +576 -0
  232. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/HtmlDump.pm +895 -0
  233. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/ICC_Profile.pm +999 -0
  234. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/ID3.pm +1532 -0
  235. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/IPTC.pm +1244 -0
  236. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/ITC.pm +215 -0
  237. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Import.pm +308 -0
  238. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/InDesign.pm +277 -0
  239. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/JPEG.pm +588 -0
  240. data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/JPEGDigest.pm +2511 -0
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data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/html/exiftool_pod.html ADDED
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+ <?xml version="1.0" ?>
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+ <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+ <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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+ <head>
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+ <title>exiftool Application Documentation</title>
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+ <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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+ <link rev="made" href="mailto:_securityagent@gamma.local" />
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+ </head>
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+
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+ <body style="background-color: white">
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+ <table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3">
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+ <tr><td class="block" style="background-color: #cccccc" valign="middle">
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+ <big><strong><span class="block">&nbsp;exiftool Application Documentation</span></strong></big>
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+ </td></tr>
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+ </table>
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+
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+
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+ <!-- INDEX BEGIN -->
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+ <div name="index">
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+ <p><a name="__index__"></a></p>
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+
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+ <ul>
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+
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+ <li><a href="#name">NAME</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#synopsis">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#description">DESCRIPTION</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#options">OPTIONS</a></li>
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+ <ul>
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+
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+ <li><a href="#option_summary">Option Summary</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#option_details">Option Details</a></li>
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+ <ul>
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+
34
+ <li><a href="#tag_operations">Tag operations</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#input_output_text_formatting">Input-output text formatting</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#processing_control">Processing control</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#special_features">Special features</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#utilities">Utilities</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#other_options">Other options</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#advanced_options">Advanced options</a></li>
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+ </ul>
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+
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+ </ul>
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+
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+ <li><a href="#reading_examples">READING EXAMPLES</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#writing_examples">WRITING EXAMPLES</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#copying_examples">COPYING EXAMPLES</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#renaming_examples">RENAMING EXAMPLES</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#geotagging_examples">GEOTAGGING EXAMPLES</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#piping_examples">PIPING EXAMPLES</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#diagnostics">DIAGNOSTICS</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#author">AUTHOR</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="#see_also">SEE ALSO</a></li>
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+ </ul>
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+
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+ <hr name="index" />
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+ </div>
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+ <!-- INDEX END -->
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+
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+ <p>
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+ </p>
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+ <h1><a name="name">NAME</a></h1>
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+ <p>exiftool - Read and write meta information in files</p>
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+ <p>
65
+ </p>
66
+ <hr />
67
+ <h1><a name="synopsis">SYNOPSIS</a></h1>
68
+ <dl>
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+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_options_tag_tag_file" class="item"><strong>exiftool</strong> [<em>OPTIONS</em>] [-<em>TAG</em>...] [--<em>TAG</em>...] <em>FILE</em>...</a></strong></dt>
70
+
71
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_options_tag_value_file" class="item"><strong>exiftool</strong> [<em>OPTIONS</em>] -<em>TAG</em>[+-&lt;]=[<em>VALUE</em>]... <em>FILE</em>...</a></strong></dt>
72
+
73
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_options_tagsfromfile_srcfile_srctag_dsttag_file" class="item"><strong>exiftool</strong> [<em>OPTIONS</em>] <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> <em>SRCFILE</em>
74
+ [-<em>SRCTAG</em>[&gt;<em>DSTTAG</em>]...] <em>FILE</em>...</a></strong></dt>
75
+
76
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_ver_list_w_f_r_wf_g_num_d_x" class="item"><strong>exiftool</strong> [ <strong>-ver</strong> |
77
+ <strong>-list</strong>[<strong>w</strong>|<strong>f</strong>|<strong>r</strong>|<strong>wf</strong>|<strong>g</strong>[<em>NUM</em>]|<strong>d</strong>|<strong>x</strong>] ]</a></strong></dt>
78
+
79
+ </dl>
80
+ <p>For specific examples, see the <a href="#reading_examples">EXAMPLES</a> sections below.</p>
81
+ <p>This documentation is displayed if exiftool is run without an input <em>FILE</em>
82
+ when one is expected.</p>
83
+ <p>
84
+ </p>
85
+ <hr />
86
+ <h1><a name="description">DESCRIPTION</a></h1>
87
+ <p>A command-line interface to <a href="ExifTool.html">Image::ExifTool</a>, used for
88
+ reading and writing meta information in a variety of file types. <em>FILE</em> is
89
+ one or more source file names, directory names, or <code>-</code> for the standard
90
+ input. Information is read from source files and printed in readable form
91
+ to the console (or written to output text files with <strong>-w</strong>).</p>
92
+ <p>To write or delete information, tag values are assigned using the
93
+ -<em>TAG</em>=[<em>VALUE</em>] syntax, or the <strong>-geotag</strong> option. To copy or move
94
+ information, the <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> feature is used. By default the original
95
+ files are preserved with <code>_original</code> appended to their names -- be sure to
96
+ verify that the new files are OK before erasing the originals. Once in
97
+ write mode, exiftool will ignore any read-specific options.</p>
98
+ <p>Note: If <em>FILE</em> is a directory name then only supported file types in the
99
+ directory are processed (in write mode only writable types are processed).
100
+ However, files may be specified by name, or the <strong>-ext</strong> option may be used
101
+ to force processing of files with any extension.</p>
102
+ <p>Below is a list of file types and meta information formats currently
103
+ supported by ExifTool (r = read, w = write, c = create):</p>
104
+ <pre>
105
+ File Types
106
+ ------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+------------
107
+ 3FR r | EIP r | LA r | ORF r/w | RSRC r
108
+ 3G2 r | EPS r/w | LNK r | OTF r | RTF r
109
+ 3GP r | ERF r/w | M2TS r | PAC r | RW2 r/w
110
+ ACR r | EXE r | M4A/V r | PAGES r | RWL r/w
111
+ AFM r | EXIF r/w/c | MEF r/w | PBM r/w | RWZ r
112
+ AI r/w | EXR r | MIE r/w/c | PCD r | RM r
113
+ AIFF r | F4A/V r | MIFF r | PDF r/w | SO r
114
+ APE r | FFF r/w | MKA r | PEF r/w | SR2 r/w
115
+ ARW r/w | FLA r | MKS r | PFA r | SRF r
116
+ ASF r | FLAC r | MKV r | PFB r | SRW r/w
117
+ AVI r | FLV r | MNG r/w | PFM r | SVG r
118
+ BMP r | FPF r | MODD r | PGF r | SWF r
119
+ BTF r | FPX r | MOS r/w | PGM r/w | THM r/w
120
+ CHM r | GIF r/w | MOV r | PLIST r | TIFF r/w
121
+ COS r | GZ r | MP3 r | PICT r | TTC r
122
+ CR2 r/w | HDP r/w | MP4 r | PMP r | TTF r
123
+ CRW r/w | HDR r | MPC r | PNG r/w | VRD r/w/c
124
+ CS1 r/w | HTML r | MPG r | PPM r/w | VSD r
125
+ DCM r | ICC r/w/c | MPO r/w | PPT r | WAV r
126
+ DCP r/w | IDML r | MQV r | PPTX r | WDP r/w
127
+ DCR r | IIQ r/w | MRW r/w | PS r/w | WEBP r
128
+ DFONT r | IND r/w | MXF r | PSB r/w | WEBM r
129
+ DIVX r | INX r | NEF r/w | PSD r/w | WMA r
130
+ DJVU r | ITC r | NRW r/w | PSP r | WMV r
131
+ DLL r | J2C r | NUMBERS r | QTIF r | WV r
132
+ DNG r/w | JNG r/w | ODP r | RA r | X3F r/w
133
+ DOC r | JP2 r/w | ODS r | RAF r/w | XCF r
134
+ DOCX r | JPEG r/w | ODT r | RAM r | XLS r
135
+ DV r | K25 r | OFR r | RAR r | XLSX r
136
+ DVB r | KDC r | OGG r | RAW r/w | XMP r/w/c
137
+ DYLIB r | KEY r | OGV r | RIFF r | ZIP r</pre>
138
+ <pre>
139
+ Meta Information
140
+ ----------------------+----------------------+---------------------
141
+ EXIF r/w/c | CIFF r/w | Ricoh RMETA r
142
+ GPS r/w/c | AFCP r/w | Picture Info r
143
+ IPTC r/w/c | Kodak Meta r/w | Adobe APP14 r
144
+ XMP r/w/c | FotoStation r/w | MPF r
145
+ MakerNotes r/w/c | PhotoMechanic r/w | Stim r
146
+ Photoshop IRB r/w/c | JPEG 2000 r | APE r
147
+ ICC Profile r/w/c | DICOM r | Vorbis r
148
+ MIE r/w/c | Flash r | SPIFF r
149
+ JFIF r/w/c | FlashPix r | DjVu r
150
+ Ducky APP12 r/w/c | QuickTime r | M2TS r
151
+ PDF r/w/c | Matroska r | PE/COFF r
152
+ PNG r/w/c | GeoTIFF r | AVCHD r
153
+ Canon VRD r/w/c | PrintIM r | ZIP r
154
+ Nikon Capture r/w/c | ID3 r | (and more)</pre>
155
+ <p>
156
+ </p>
157
+ <hr />
158
+ <h1><a name="options">OPTIONS</a></h1>
159
+ <p>Case is not significant for any command-line option (including tag and group
160
+ names), except for single-character options when the corresponding
161
+ upper-case option exists. Many single-character options have equivalent
162
+ long-name versions (shown in brackets), and some options have inverses which
163
+ are invoked with a leading double-dash. Note that multiple single-character
164
+ options may NOT be combined into one argument because this would be
165
+ interpreted as a tag name. Contrary to standard practice, options may
166
+ appear after source file names on the exiftool command line.</p>
167
+ <p>
168
+ </p>
169
+ <h2><a name="option_summary">Option Summary</a></h2>
170
+ <p><a href="#tag_operations">Tag operations</a></p>
171
+ <pre>
172
+ -TAG or --TAG Extract or exclude specified tag
173
+ -TAG[+-]=[VALUE] Write new value for tag
174
+ -TAG[+-]&lt;=DATFILE Write tag value from contents of file
175
+ -TAG[+-]&lt;SRCTAG Copy tag value (see -tagsFromFile)</pre>
176
+ <pre>
177
+ -tagsFromFile SRCFILE Copy tag values from file
178
+ -x TAG (-exclude) Exclude specified tag</pre>
179
+ <p><a href="#input_output_text_formatting">Input-output text formatting</a></p>
180
+ <pre>
181
+ -args (-argFormat) Format metadata as exiftool arguments
182
+ -b (-binary) Output metadata in binary format
183
+ -c FMT (-coordFormat) Set format for GPS coordinates
184
+ -charset [[TYPE=]CHARSET] Specify encoding for special characters
185
+ -csv[=CSVFILE] Export/import tags in CSV format
186
+ -d FMT (-dateFormat) Set format for date/time values
187
+ -D (-decimal) Show tag ID numbers in decimal
188
+ -E, -ex (-escape(HTML|XML)) Escape values for HTML (-E) or XML (-ex)
189
+ -f (-forcePrint) Force printing of all specified tags
190
+ -g[NUM...] (-groupHeadings) Organize output by tag group
191
+ -G[NUM...] (-groupNames) Print group name for each tag
192
+ -h (-htmlFormat) Use HMTL formatting for output
193
+ -H (-hex) Show tag ID number in hexadecimal
194
+ -htmlDump[OFFSET] Generate HTML-format binary dump
195
+ -j[=JSONFILE] (-json) Export/import tags in JSON format
196
+ -l (-long) Use long 2-line output format
197
+ -L (-latin) Use Windows Latin1 encoding
198
+ -lang [LANG] Set current language
199
+ -listItem INDEX Extract specific item from a list
200
+ -n (--printConv) Read/write numerical tag values
201
+ -p FMTFILE (-printFormat) Print output in specified format
202
+ -php Export tags as a PHP Array
203
+ -s[NUM] (-short) Short output format
204
+ -S (-veryShort) Very short output format
205
+ -sep STR (-separator) Set separator string for list items
206
+ -sort Sort output alphabetically
207
+ -struct Enable output of structured information
208
+ -t (-tab) Output in tab-delimited list format
209
+ -T (-table) Output in tabular format
210
+ -v[NUM] (-verbose) Print verbose messages
211
+ -w[+|!] EXT (-textOut) Write (or overwrite!) output text files
212
+ -W[+|!] FMT (-tagOut) Write output text file for each tag
213
+ -Wext EXT (-tagOutExt) Write only specified file types with -W
214
+ -X (-xmlFormat) Use RDF/XML output format</pre>
215
+ <p><a href="#processing_control">Processing control</a></p>
216
+ <pre>
217
+ -a (-duplicates) Allow duplicate tags to be extracted
218
+ -e (--composite) Do not calculate composite tags
219
+ -ee (-extractEmbedded) Extract information from embedded files
220
+ -ext EXT (-extension) Process files with specified extension
221
+ -F[OFFSET] (-fixBase) Fix the base for maker notes offsets
222
+ -fast[NUM] Increase speed for slow devices
223
+ -fileOrder [-]TAG Set file processing order
224
+ -i DIR (-ignore) Ignore specified directory name
225
+ -if EXPR Conditionally process files
226
+ -m (-ignoreMinorErrors) Ignore minor errors and warnings
227
+ -o OUTFILE (-out) Set output file or directory name
228
+ -overwrite_original Overwrite original by renaming tmp file
229
+ -overwrite_original_in_place Overwrite original by copying tmp file
230
+ -P (-preserve) Preserve date/time of original file
231
+ -password PASSWD Password for processing protected files
232
+ -progress Show file progress count
233
+ -q (-quiet) Quiet processing
234
+ -r (-recurse) Recursively process subdirectories
235
+ -scanForXMP Brute force XMP scan
236
+ -u (-unknown) Extract unknown tags
237
+ -U (-unknown2) Extract unknown binary tags too
238
+ -wm MODE (-writeMode) Set tag write/create mode
239
+ -z (-zip) Read/write compressed information</pre>
240
+ <p><a href="#special_features">Special features</a></p>
241
+ <pre>
242
+ -geotag TRKFILE Geotag images from specified GPS log
243
+ -globalTimeShift SHIFT Shift all formatted date/time values
244
+ -use MODULE Add features from plug-in module</pre>
245
+ <p><a href="#utilities">Utilities</a></p>
246
+ <pre>
247
+ -delete_original[!] Delete &quot;_original&quot; backups
248
+ -restore_original Restore from &quot;_original&quot; backups</pre>
249
+ <p><a href="#other_options">Other options</a></p>
250
+ <pre>
251
+ -@ ARGFILE Read command-line arguments from file
252
+ -k (-pause) Pause before terminating
253
+ -list[w|f|wf|g[NUM]|d|x] List various exiftool capabilities
254
+ -ver Print exiftool version number</pre>
255
+ <p><a href="#advanced_options">Advanced options</a></p>
256
+ <pre>
257
+ -common_args Define common arguments
258
+ -config CFGFILE Specify configuration file name
259
+ -echo[NUM] TEXT Echo text to stdout or stderr
260
+ -execute[NUM] Execute multiple commands on one line
261
+ -srcfile FMT Set different source file name
262
+ -stay_open FLAG Keep reading -@ argfile even after EOF</pre>
263
+ <p>
264
+ </p>
265
+ <h2><a name="option_details">Option Details</a></h2>
266
+ <p>
267
+ </p>
268
+ <h3><a name="tag_operations">Tag operations</a></h3>
269
+ <dl>
270
+ <dt><strong><a name="tag" class="item"><strong>-</strong><em>TAG</em></a></strong></dt>
271
+
272
+ <dd>
273
+ <p>Extract information for the specified tag (ie. <code>-CreateDate</code>). Multiple
274
+ tags may be specified in a single command. A tag name is the handle by
275
+ which a piece of information is referenced. See
276
+ <a href="TagNames/index.html">Image::ExifTool::TagNames</a> for documentation on
277
+ available tag names. A tag name may include leading group names separated
278
+ by colons (ie. <code>-EXIF:CreateDate</code>, or <code>-Doc1:XMP:Creator</code>), and each group
279
+ name may be prefixed by a digit to specify family number (ie.
280
+ <code>-1IPTC:City</code>). Use the <strong>-listg</strong> option to list available group names by
281
+ family.</p>
282
+ <p>A special tag name of <code>All</code> may be used to indicate all meta information.
283
+ This is particularly useful when a group name is specified to extract all
284
+ information in a group (but beware that unless the <strong>-a</strong> option is also
285
+ used, some tags in the group may be suppressed by same-named tags in other
286
+ groups). The wildcard characters <code>?</code> and <code>*</code> may be used in a tag name to
287
+ match any single character and zero or more characters respectively. These
288
+ may not be used in a group name, with the exception that a group name of
289
+ <code>*</code> (or <code>All</code>) may be used to extract all instances of a tag (as if <strong>-a</strong>
290
+ was used). Note that arguments containing wildcards must be quoted on the
291
+ command line of most systems to prevent shell globbing.</p>
292
+ <p>A <code>#</code> may be appended to the tag name to disable the print conversion on a
293
+ per-tag basis (see the <strong>-n</strong> option). This may also be used when writing or
294
+ copying tags.</p>
295
+ <p>If no tags are specified, all available information is extracted (as if
296
+ <code>-All</code> had been specified).</p>
297
+ <p>Note: Descriptions, not tag names, are shown by default when extracting
298
+ information. Use the <strong>-s</strong> option to see the tag names instead.</p>
299
+ </dd>
300
+ <dt><strong><a name="tag2" class="item"><strong>--</strong><em>TAG</em></a></strong></dt>
301
+
302
+ <dd>
303
+ <p>Exclude specified tag from extracted information. Same as the <strong>-x</strong> option.
304
+ Once excluded from the output, a tag may not be re-included by a subsequent
305
+ option. May also be used following a <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> option to exclude
306
+ tags from being copied, or to exclude groups from being deleted when
307
+ deleting all information (ie. <code>-all= --exif:all</code> deletes all but EXIF
308
+ information). But note that this will not exclude individual tags from a
309
+ group delete. Instead, individual tags may be recovered using the
310
+ <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> option (ie. <code>-all= -tagsfromfile @ -artist</code>). Wildcards
311
+ are permitted as described above for <strong>-TAG</strong>.</p>
312
+ </dd>
313
+ <dt><strong><a name="tag_value" class="item"><strong>-</strong><em>TAG</em>[+-]<strong>=</strong>[<em>VALUE</em>]</a></strong></dt>
314
+
315
+ <dd>
316
+ <p>Write a new value for the specified tag (ie. <code>-comment=wow</code>), or delete the
317
+ tag if no <em>VALUE</em> is given (ie. <code>-comment=</code>). <code>+=</code> and <code>-=</code> are used to
318
+ add or remove existing entries from a list, or to shift date/time values
319
+ (see <a href="Shift.html">Image::ExifTool::Shift.pl</a> for details).
320
+ <code>+=</code> may also be used to increment numerical values, and <code>-=</code> may be used
321
+ to conditionally delete or replace a tag (see <a href="#writing_examples">WRITING EXAMPLES</a> for
322
+ examples).</p>
323
+ <p><em>TAG</em> may contain a leading family 0 or 1 group name separated by a colon.
324
+ If no group name is specified, the tag is created in the preferred group,
325
+ and updated in any other location where a same-named tag already exists.
326
+ The preferred group is the first group in the following list where <em>TAG</em> is
327
+ valid: 1) EXIF, 2) IPTC, 3) XMP.</p>
328
+ <p>The wildcards <code>*</code> and <code>?</code> may be used in tag names to assign the same
329
+ value to multiple tags. When specified with wildcards, &quot;unsafe&quot; tags are
330
+ not written. A tag name of <code>All</code> is eqivalent to <code>*</code> (except that it
331
+ doesn't require quoting, while arguments with wildcards do on systems with
332
+ shell globbing), and is often used when deleting all metadata (ie. <code>-All=</code>)
333
+ or an entire group (ie. <code>-GROUP:All=</code>). Note that not all groups are
334
+ deletable, and that the JPEG APP14 &quot;Adobe&quot; group is not removed by default
335
+ with <code>-All=</code> because it may affect the appearance of the image. Use the
336
+ <strong>-listd</strong> option for a complete list of deletable groups, and see note 3
337
+ below regarding the &quot;APP&quot; groups. Also, within an image some groups may be
338
+ contained within others, and these groups are removed if the containing
339
+ group is deleted:</p>
340
+ <pre>
341
+ JPEG Image:
342
+ - Deleting EXIF or IFD0 also deletes ExifIFD, GlobParamIFD,
343
+ GPS, IFD1, InteropIFD, MakerNotes, PrintIM and SubIFD.
344
+ - Deleting ExifIFD also deletes InteropIFD and MakerNotes.
345
+ - Deleting Photoshop also deletes IPTC.</pre>
346
+ <pre>
347
+ TIFF Image:
348
+ - Deleting EXIF only removes ExifIFD which also deletes
349
+ InteropIFD and MakerNotes.</pre>
350
+ <p>Notes:</p>
351
+ <p>1) Many tag values may be assigned in a single command. If two assignments
352
+ affect the same tag, the latter takes precedence (except for list-type tags,
353
+ where both values are written).</p>
354
+ <p>2) MakerNotes tags may be edited, but not created or deleted individually.
355
+ This avoids many potential problems including the inevitable compatibility
356
+ problems with OEM software which may be very inflexible about the
357
+ information it expects to find in the maker notes.</p>
358
+ <p>3) Changes to PDF files are reversible because the original information is
359
+ never actually deleted from the file. So ExifTool alone may not be used to
360
+ securely edit metadata in PDF files.</p>
361
+ <p>4) The &quot;APP&quot; group names (&quot;APP0&quot; through &quot;APP15&quot;) are used to delete JPEG
362
+ application segments which are not associated with another deletable group.
363
+ For example, specifying <code>-APP14:All=</code> will NOT delete the APP14 &quot;Adobe&quot;
364
+ segment because this is accomplished with <code>-Adobe:All</code>.</p>
365
+ <p>Special feature: Integer values may be specified in hexadecimal with a
366
+ leading <code>0x</code>, and simple rational values may be specified as fractions.</p>
367
+ </dd>
368
+ <dt><strong><a name="tag_datfile_or_tag_fmt" class="item"><strong>-</strong><em>TAG</em>&lt;=<em>DATFILE</em> or <strong>-</strong><em>TAG</em>&lt;=<em>FMT</em></a></strong></dt>
369
+
370
+ <dd>
371
+ <p>Set the value of a tag from the contents of file <em>DATFILE</em>. The file name
372
+ may also be given by a <em>FMT</em> string where %d, %f and %e represent the
373
+ directory, file name and extension of the original <em>FILE</em> (see the <strong>-w</strong>
374
+ option for more details). Note that quotes are required around this
375
+ argument to prevent shell redirection since it contains a <code>&lt;</code> symbol.
376
+ <code>+&lt;=</code> or <code>-&lt;=</code> may also be used to add or delete specific list
377
+ entries, or to shift date/time values.</p>
378
+ </dd>
379
+ <dt><strong><a name="tagsfromfile_srcfile_or_fmt" class="item"><strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> <em>SRCFILE</em> or <em>FMT</em></a></strong></dt>
380
+
381
+ <dd>
382
+ <p>Copy tag values from <em>SRCFILE</em> to <em>FILE</em>. Tag names on the command line
383
+ after this option specify the tags to be copied, or excluded from the copy.
384
+ Wildcards are permitted in these tag names. If no tags are specified, then
385
+ all possible tags (see note 1 below) from the source file are copied to
386
+ same-named tags in the preferred location of the output file (the same as
387
+ specifying <code>-all</code>). More than one <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> option may be used to
388
+ copy tags from multiple files.</p>
389
+ <p>By default, this option will commute information between same-named tags in
390
+ different groups and write each tag to the preferred group. This allows
391
+ some information to be automatically translated when copying between images
392
+ of different formats. However, if a group name is specified for a tag then
393
+ the information is written to this group (unless redirected to another
394
+ group, see below). If <code>All</code> is used as a group name, then the information
395
+ is written to the same family 1 group in the destination file. In this way,
396
+ <code>-All:All</code> is used to copy all information while preserving the family 1
397
+ group (ie. the specific location in the metadata) of each tag.</p>
398
+ <p><em>SRCFILE</em> may be the same as <em>FILE</em> to move information around within a
399
+ single file. In this case, <code>@</code> may be used to represent the source file
400
+ (ie. <code>-tagsFromFile @</code>), permitting this feature to be used for batch
401
+ processing multiple files. Specified tags are then copied from each file in
402
+ turn as it is rewritten. For advanced batch use, the source file name may
403
+ also be specified using a <em>FMT</em> string in which %d, %f and %e represent the
404
+ directory, file name and extension of <em>FILE</em>. See <strong>-w</strong> option for <em>FMT</em>
405
+ string examples.</p>
406
+ <p>A powerful redirection feature allows a destination tag to be specified for
407
+ each copied tag. With this feature, information may be written to a tag
408
+ with a different name or group. This is done using
409
+ &quot;'-<em>SRCTAG</em>&gt;<em>DSTTAG</em>'&quot; or
410
+ &quot;'-<em>DSTTAG</em>&lt;<em>SRCTAG</em>'&quot; on the command line after
411
+ <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong>, and causes the value of <em>SRCTAG</em> to be copied from
412
+ <em>SRCFILE</em> and written to <em>DSTTAG</em> in <em>FILE</em>. Note that this argument
413
+ must be quoted to prevent shell redirection, and there is no <code>=</code> sign as
414
+ when assigning new values. Source and/or destination tags may be prefixed
415
+ by a group name and/or suffixed by <code>#</code>. Wildcards are allowed in both the
416
+ source and destination tag names. A destination group and/or tag name of
417
+ <code>All</code> or <code>*</code> writes to the same family 1 group and/or tag name as the
418
+ source. If no destination group is specified, the information is written to
419
+ the preferred group. Whitespace around the <code>&gt;</code> or <code>&lt;</code> is ignored.
420
+ As a convenience, <code>-tagsFromFile @</code> is assumed for any redirected tags
421
+ which are specified without a prior <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> option. Copied tags
422
+ may also be added or deleted from a list with arguments of the form
423
+ &quot;'-<em>SRCTAG</em>+&gt;<em>DSTTAG</em>'&quot; or
424
+ &quot;'-<em>SRCTAG</em>-&gt;<em>DSTTAG</em>'&quot;.</p>
425
+ <p>An extension of the redirection feature allows strings involving tag names
426
+ to be used on the right hand side of the <code>&lt;</code> symbol with the syntax
427
+ &quot;'-<em>DSTTAG</em>&lt;<em>STR</em>'&quot;, where tag names in <em>STR</em> are
428
+ prefixed with a <code>$</code> symbol. See the <strong>-p</strong> option for more details about
429
+ this syntax. Strings starting with a <code>=</code> sign must insert a single space
430
+ after the <code>&lt;</code> to avoid confusion with the <code>&lt;=</code> operator which sets
431
+ the tag value from the contents of a file. A single space at the start of
432
+ the string is removed if it exists, but all other whitespace in the string
433
+ is preserved.</p>
434
+ <p>See <a href="#copying_examples">COPYING EXAMPLES</a> for examples using <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong>.</p>
435
+ <p>Notes:</p>
436
+ <p>1) Some tags (generally tags which may affect the appearance of the image)
437
+ are considered &quot;unsafe&quot; to write, and are only copied if specified
438
+ explicitly (ie. no wildcards). See the
439
+ <a href="TagNames/index.html">tag name documentation</a> for more details about
440
+ &quot;unsafe&quot; tags.</p>
441
+ <p>2) Be aware of the difference between excluding a tag from being copied
442
+ (--<em>TAG</em>), and deleting a tag (-<em>TAG</em>=). Excluding a tag prevents it from
443
+ being copied to the destination image, but deleting will remove a
444
+ pre-existing tag from the image.</p>
445
+ <p>3) The maker note information is copied as a block, so it isn't affected
446
+ like other information by subsequent tag assignments on the command line.
447
+ Also, since the PreviewImage referenced from the maker notes may be rather
448
+ large, it is not copied, and must be transferred separately if desired.</p>
449
+ <p>4) The order of operations is to copy all specified tags at the point of the
450
+ <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> option in the command line. Any tag assignment to the
451
+ right of the <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> option is made after all tags are copied. For
452
+ example, new tag values are set in the order One, Two, Three then Four with
453
+ this command:</p>
454
+ <pre>
455
+ exiftool -One=1 -tagsFromFile s.jpg -Two -Four=4 -Three d.jpg</pre>
456
+ <p>This is significant in the case where an overlap exists between the copied
457
+ and assigned tags because later operations may override earlier ones.</p>
458
+ <p>5) The normal behaviour of copied tags differs subtly from that of assigned
459
+ tags for list-type tags. When copying to a list, each copied tag overrides
460
+ any previous operations on the list. While this avoids duplicate list items
461
+ when copying groups of tags from a file containing redundant information, it
462
+ also prevents values of different tags from being copied into the same list
463
+ when this is the intent. So a <strong>-addTagsFromFile</strong> option is provided which
464
+ allows copying of multiple tags into the same list. ie)</p>
465
+ <pre>
466
+ exiftool -addtagsfromfile @ '-subject&lt;make' '-subject&lt;model' ...</pre>
467
+ <p>Other than this difference, the <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> and <strong>-addTagsFromFile</strong>
468
+ options are equivalent.</p>
469
+ <p>6) The <strong>-a</strong> option (allow duplicate tags) is always in effect when reading
470
+ tags from <em>SRCFILE</em>.</p>
471
+ <p>7) Structured tags are copied by default when copying tags. See the
472
+ <strong>-struct</strong> option for details.</p>
473
+ </dd>
474
+ <dt><strong><strong>-x</strong> <em>TAG</em> (<strong>-exclude</strong>)</strong></dt>
475
+
476
+ <dd>
477
+ <p>Exclude the specified tag. There may be multiple <strong>-x</strong> options. This has
478
+ the same effect as --<em>TAG</em> on the command line. May also be used following
479
+ a <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> option to exclude tags from being copied.</p>
480
+ </dd>
481
+ </dl>
482
+ <p>
483
+ </p>
484
+ <h3><a name="input_output_text_formatting">Input-output text formatting</a></h3>
485
+ <p>Note that trailing spaces are removed from extracted values for most output
486
+ text formats. The exceptions are <a href="#b"><code>-b</code></a>, <code>-csv</code>, <code>-j</code> and <a href="#x"><code>-X</code></a>.</p>
487
+ <dl>
488
+ <dt><strong><a name="args" class="item"><strong>-args</strong> (<strong>-argFormat</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
489
+
490
+ <dd>
491
+ <p>Output information in the form of exiftool arguments, suitable for use with
492
+ the <strong>-@</strong> option when writing. May be combined with the <strong>-G</strong> option to
493
+ include group names. This feature may be used to effectively copy tags
494
+ between images, but allows the metadata to be altered by editing the
495
+ intermediate file (<code>out.args</code> in this example):</p>
496
+ <pre>
497
+ exiftool -args -G1 --filename --directory src.jpg &gt; out.args
498
+ exiftool -@ out.args dst.jpg</pre>
499
+ <p>Note: Be careful when copying information with this technique since it is
500
+ easy to write tags which are normally considered &quot;unsafe&quot;. For instance,
501
+ the FileName and Directory tags are excluded in the example above to avoid
502
+ renaming and moving the destination file. Also note that the second command
503
+ above will produce warning messages for any tags which are not writable.</p>
504
+ </dd>
505
+ <dt><strong><a name="b" class="item"><strong>-b</strong> (<strong>-binary</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
506
+
507
+ <dd>
508
+ <p>Output requested metadata in binary format without tag names or
509
+ descriptions. This option is mainly used for extracting embedded images or
510
+ other binary data, but it may also be useful for some text strings since
511
+ control characters (such as newlines) are not replaced by '.' as they are in
512
+ the default output. List items are separated by a newline when extracted
513
+ with the <strong>-b</strong> option. May be combined with <a href="#php"><code>-php</code></a> or <a href="#x"><code>-X</code></a> to extract
514
+ binary data in PHP or XML format.</p>
515
+ </dd>
516
+ <dt><strong><a name="fmt" class="item"><strong>-c</strong> <em>FMT</em> (<strong>-coordFormat</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
517
+
518
+ <dd>
519
+ <p>Set the print format for GPS coordinates. <em>FMT</em> uses the same syntax as
520
+ the <code>printf</code> format string. The specifiers correspond to degrees, minutes
521
+ and seconds in that order, but minutes and seconds are optional. For
522
+ example, the following table gives the output for the same coordinate using
523
+ various formats:</p>
524
+ <pre>
525
+ FMT Output
526
+ ------------------- ------------------
527
+ &quot;%d deg %d' %.2f&quot;\&quot; 54 deg 59' 22.80&quot; (default for reading)
528
+ &quot;%d %d %.8f&quot; 54 59 22.80000000 (default for copying)
529
+ &quot;%d deg %.4f min&quot; 54 deg 59.3800 min
530
+ &quot;%.6f degrees&quot; 54.989667 degrees</pre>
531
+ <p>Notes:</p>
532
+ <p>1) To avoid loss of precision, the default coordinate format is different
533
+ when copying tags using the <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> option.</p>
534
+ <p>2) If the hemisphere is known, a reference direction (N, S, E or W) is
535
+ appended to each printed coordinate, but adding a <code>+</code> to the format
536
+ specifier (ie. <code>%+.6f</code>) prints a signed coordinate instead.</p>
537
+ <p>3) This print formatting may be disabled with the <strong>-n</strong> option to extract
538
+ coordinates as signed decimal degrees.</p>
539
+ </dd>
540
+ <dt><strong><a name="charset_type_charset" class="item"><strong>-charset</strong> [[<em>TYPE</em>=]<em>CHARSET</em>]</a></strong></dt>
541
+
542
+ <dd>
543
+ <p>If <em>TYPE</em> is <code>ExifTool</code> or not specified, this option sets the ExifTool
544
+ character encoding for output tag values when reading and input values when
545
+ writing. The default ExifTool encoding is <code>UTF8</code>. If no <em>CHARSET</em> is
546
+ given, a list of available character sets is returned. Valid <em>CHARSET</em>
547
+ values are:</p>
548
+ <pre>
549
+ CHARSET Alias(es) Description
550
+ ---------- --------------- ----------------------------------
551
+ UTF8 cp65001, UTF-8 UTF-8 characters (default)
552
+ Latin cp1252, Latin1 Windows Latin1 (West European)
553
+ Latin2 cp1250 Windows Latin2 (Central European)
554
+ Cyrillic cp1251, Russian Windows Cyrillic
555
+ Greek cp1253 Windows Greek
556
+ Turkish cp1254 Windows Turkish
557
+ Hebrew cp1255 Windows Hebrew
558
+ Arabic cp1256 Windows Arabic
559
+ Baltic cp1257 Windows Baltic
560
+ Vietnam cp1258 Windows Vietnamese
561
+ Thai cp874 Windows Thai
562
+ MacRoman cp10000, Roman Macintosh Roman
563
+ MacLatin2 cp10029 Macintosh Latin2 (Central Europe)
564
+ MacCyrillic cp10007 Macintosh Cyrillic
565
+ MacGreek cp10006 Macintosh Greek
566
+ MacTurkish cp10081 Macintosh Turkish
567
+ MacRomanian cp10010 Macintosh Romanian
568
+ MacIceland cp10079 Macintosh Icelandic
569
+ MacCroatian cp10082 Macintosh Croatian</pre>
570
+ <p>Other values of <em>TYPE</em> listed below are used to specify the internal
571
+ encoding of various meta information formats.</p>
572
+ <pre>
573
+ TYPE Description Default
574
+ --------- ------------------------------------------- -------
575
+ EXIF Internal encoding of EXIF &quot;ASCII&quot; strings (none)
576
+ ID3 Internal encoding of ID3v1 information Latin
577
+ IPTC Internal IPTC encoding to assume when Latin
578
+ IPTC:CodedCharacterSet is not defined
579
+ Photoshop Internal encoding of Photoshop IRB strings Latin
580
+ QuickTime Internal encoding of QuickTime strings MacRoman</pre>
581
+ <p>See <a href="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/faq.html#Q10">http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/faq.html#Q10</a> for more
582
+ information about coded character sets.</p>
583
+ </dd>
584
+ <dt><strong><a name="csv_csvfile" class="item"><strong>-csv</strong>[=<em>CSVFILE</em>]</a></strong></dt>
585
+
586
+ <dd>
587
+ <p>Export information in as a CSV file, or import information if <em>CSVFILE</em> is
588
+ specified. When importing, the CSV file must be in exactly the same format
589
+ as the exported file. The first row of the <em>CSVFILE</em> must be the ExifTool
590
+ tag names (with optional group names) for each column of the file, and
591
+ values must be separated by commas. A special &quot;SourceFile&quot; column specifies
592
+ the files associated with each row of information (a SourceFile of &quot;*&quot; may
593
+ be used to apply the information to all target images). The following
594
+ examples demonstrate basic use of this option:</p>
595
+ <pre>
596
+ # generate CSV file with common tags from all images in a directory
597
+ exiftool -common -csv dir &gt; out.csv</pre>
598
+ <pre>
599
+ # update metadata for all images in a directory from CSV file
600
+ exiftool -csv=a.csv dir</pre>
601
+ <p>Empty values are ignored when importing. To force a tag to be deleted, use
602
+ the <strong>-f</strong> option and set the value to &quot;-&quot; in the CSV file (or to the
603
+ MissingTagValue if this API option was used). May be combined with the
604
+ <strong>-g</strong> or <strong>-G</strong> option to add group names to the tags. If the <strong>-a</strong> option
605
+ is used to allow duplicate tag names, the duplicate tags are only included
606
+ in the CSV output if the column headings are unique. Adding the <strong>-G4</strong>
607
+ option ensures a unique column heading for each tag.</p>
608
+ <p>List-type tags are stored as simple strings in a CSV file, but the <strong>-sep</strong>
609
+ option may be used to split them back into separate items when importing.</p>
610
+ <p>Special feature: <strong>-csv</strong>+=<em>CSVFILE</em> may be used to add items to existing
611
+ lists. This affects only list-type tags. Also applies to the <strong>-j</strong> option.</p>
612
+ <p>Note that this option is fundamentally different than all other output
613
+ format options because it requires information from all input files to be
614
+ buffered in memory before the output is written. This may result in
615
+ excessive memory usage when processing a very large number of files with a
616
+ single command. Also, it makes this option incompatible with the <strong>-w</strong>
617
+ option.</p>
618
+ </dd>
619
+ <dt><strong><strong>-d</strong> <em>FMT</em> (<strong>-dateFormat</strong>)</strong></dt>
620
+
621
+ <dd>
622
+ <p>Set the format for date/time tag values. The specifics of the <em>FMT</em> syntax
623
+ are system dependent -- consult the <code>strftime</code> man page on your system for
624
+ details. The default format is equivalent to &quot;%Y:%m:%d %H:%M:%S&quot;. This
625
+ option has no effect on date-only or time-only tags and ignores timezone
626
+ information if present. Only one <strong>-d</strong> option may be used per command. The
627
+ inverse operation (ie. un-formatting a date/time value) is currently not
628
+ applied when writing a date/time tag.</p>
629
+ </dd>
630
+ <dt><strong><a name="d" class="item"><strong>-D</strong> (<strong>-decimal</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
631
+
632
+ <dd>
633
+ <p>Show tag ID number in decimal when extracting information.</p>
634
+ </dd>
635
+ <dt><strong><a name="ex" class="item"><strong>-E</strong>, <strong>-ex</strong> (<strong>-escapeHTML</strong>, <strong>-escapeXML</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
636
+
637
+ <dd>
638
+ <p>Escape characters in output values for HTML (<strong>-E</strong>) or XML (<strong>-ex</strong>). For
639
+ HTML, all characters with Unicode code points above U+007F are escaped as
640
+ well as the following 5 characters: &amp; (&amp;amp;) &#39; (&amp;#39;) &quot; (&amp;quot;)
641
+ &gt; (&amp;gt;) and &lt; (&amp;lt;). For XML, only these 5 characters are
642
+ escaped. The <strong>-E</strong> option is implied with <strong>-h</strong>, and <strong>-ex</strong> is implied with
643
+ <strong>-X</strong>. The inverse conversion is applied when writing tags.</p>
644
+ </dd>
645
+ <dt><strong><a name="f" class="item"><strong>-f</strong> (<strong>-forcePrint</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
646
+
647
+ <dd>
648
+ <p>Force printing of tags even if their values are not found. This option only
649
+ applies when tag names are specified. With this option, a dash (<code>-</code>) is
650
+ printed for the value of any missing tag (but this may be configured via the
651
+ API MissingTagValue option). May also be used to add a 'flags' attribute to
652
+ the <strong>-listx</strong> output, or to allow tags to be deleted when writing with the
653
+ <strong>-csv</strong>=<em>CSVFILE</em> feature.</p>
654
+ </dd>
655
+ <dt><strong><a name="g_num_num_groupheadings" class="item"><strong>-g</strong>[<em>NUM</em>][:<em>NUM</em>...] (<strong>-groupHeadings</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
656
+
657
+ <dd>
658
+ <p>Organize output by tag group. <em>NUM</em> specifies a group family number, and
659
+ may be 0 (general location), 1 (specific location), 2 (category), 3
660
+ (document number) or 4 (instance number). Multiple families may be
661
+ specified by separating them with colons. By default the resulting group
662
+ name is simplified by removing any leading <code>Main:</code> and collapsing adjacent
663
+ identical group names, but this can be avoided by placing a colon before the
664
+ first family number (ie. <strong>-g:3:1</strong>). If <em>NUM</em> is not specified, <strong>-g0</strong> is
665
+ assumed. Use the <strong>-listg</strong> option to list group names for a specified
666
+ family.</p>
667
+ </dd>
668
+ <dt><strong><a name="g_num_num_groupnames" class="item"><strong>-G</strong>[<em>NUM</em>][:<em>NUM</em>...] (<strong>-groupNames</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
669
+
670
+ <dd>
671
+ <p>Same as <strong>-g</strong> but print group name for each tag.</p>
672
+ </dd>
673
+ <dt><strong><a name="h" class="item"><strong>-h</strong> (<strong>-htmlFormat</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
674
+
675
+ <dd>
676
+ <p>Use HTML table formatting for output. Implies the <strong>-E</strong> option. The
677
+ formatting options <strong>-D</strong>, <strong>-H</strong>, <strong>-g</strong>, <strong>-G</strong>, <strong>-l</strong> and <strong>-s</strong> may be used
678
+ in combination with <strong>-h</strong> to influence the HTML format.</p>
679
+ </dd>
680
+ <dt><strong><a name="h" class="item"><strong>-H</strong> (<strong>-hex</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
681
+
682
+ <dd>
683
+ <p>Show tag ID number in hexadecimal when extracting information.</p>
684
+ </dd>
685
+ <dt><strong><a name="htmldump_offset" class="item"><strong>-htmlDump</strong>[<em>OFFSET</em>]</a></strong></dt>
686
+
687
+ <dd>
688
+ <p>Generate a dynamic web page containing a hex dump of the EXIF information.
689
+ This can be a very powerful tool for low-level analysis of EXIF information.
690
+ The <strong>-htmlDump</strong> option is also invoked if the <strong>-v</strong> and <strong>-h</strong> options are
691
+ used together. The verbose level controls the maximum length of the blocks
692
+ dumped. An <em>OFFSET</em> may be given to specify the base for displayed
693
+ offsets. If not provided, the EXIF/TIFF base offset is used. Use
694
+ <strong>-htmlDump0</strong> for absolute offsets. Currently only EXIF/TIFF and JPEG
695
+ information is dumped, but the -u option can be used to give a raw hex dump
696
+ of other file formats.</p>
697
+ </dd>
698
+ <dt><strong><a name="j_jsonfile_json" class="item"><strong>-j</strong>[=<em>JSONFILE</em>] (<strong>-json</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
699
+
700
+ <dd>
701
+ <p>Use JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) formatting for console output, or
702
+ import JSON file if <em>JSONFILE</em> is specified. This option may be combined
703
+ with <strong>-g</strong> to organize the output into objects by group, or <strong>-G</strong> to add
704
+ group names to each tag. List-type tags with multiple items are output as
705
+ JSON arrays unless <strong>-sep</strong> is used. By default XMP structures are flattened
706
+ into individual tags in the JSON output, but the original structure may be
707
+ preserved with the <strong>-struct</strong> option (this also causes all list-type XMP
708
+ tags to be output as JSON arrays, otherwise single-item lists are output as
709
+ simple strings). The <strong>-a</strong> option is implied if the <strong>-g</strong> or <strong>-G</strong> options
710
+ are used, otherwise it is ignored and duplicate tags are suppressed. Adding
711
+ the <strong>-D</strong> or <strong>-H</strong> option changes tag values to JSON objects with &quot;val&quot; and
712
+ &quot;id&quot; fields, and adding <strong>-l</strong> adds a &quot;desc&quot; field, and a &quot;num&quot; field if the
713
+ numerical value is different from the converted &quot;val&quot;. The <strong>-b</strong>, <strong>-L</strong> and
714
+ <strong>-charset</strong> options have no effect on the JSON output.</p>
715
+ <p>If <em>JSONFILE</em> is specified, the file is imported and the tag definitions
716
+ from the file are used to set tag values on a per-file basis. The special
717
+ &quot;SourceFile&quot; entry in each JSON object associates the information with a
718
+ specific target file (see the <strong>-csv</strong> option for details). The imported
719
+ JSON file must have the same format as the exported JSON files with the
720
+ exception that the <strong>-g</strong> option is not compatible with the import file
721
+ format (use <strong>-G</strong> instead). Additionally, tag names in the input JSON file
722
+ may be suffixed with a <code>#</code> to disable print conversion.</p>
723
+ </dd>
724
+ <dt><strong><a name="l" class="item"><strong>-l</strong> (<strong>-long</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
725
+
726
+ <dd>
727
+ <p>Use long 2-line Canon-style output format. Adds a description and
728
+ unconverted value to the XML, JSON or PHP output when <strong>-X</strong>, <strong>-j</strong> or
729
+ <strong>-php</strong> is used.</p>
730
+ </dd>
731
+ <dt><strong><a name="l" class="item"><strong>-L</strong> (<strong>-latin</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
732
+
733
+ <dd>
734
+ <p>Use Windows Latin1 encoding (cp1252) for output tag values instead of the
735
+ default UTF-8. When writing, <strong>-L</strong> specifies that input text values are
736
+ Latin1 instead of UTF-8. Equivalent to <code>-charset latin</code>.</p>
737
+ </dd>
738
+ <dt><strong><a name="lang_lang" class="item"><strong>-lang</strong> [<em>LANG</em>]</a></strong></dt>
739
+
740
+ <dd>
741
+ <p>Set current language for tag descriptions and converted values. <em>LANG</em> is
742
+ <code>de</code>, <code>fr</code>, <code>ja</code>, etc. Use <strong>-lang</strong> with no other arguments to get a
743
+ list of available languages. The default language is <code>en</code> if <strong>-lang</strong> is
744
+ not specified. Note that tag/group names are always English, independent of
745
+ the <strong>-lang</strong> setting, and translation of warning/error messages has not yet
746
+ been implemented.</p>
747
+ <p>By default, ExifTool uses UTF-8 encoding for special characters, but the
748
+ the <strong>-L</strong> or <strong>-charset</strong> option may be used to invoke other encodings.</p>
749
+ <p>Currently, the language support is not complete, but users are welcome to
750
+ help improve this by submitting their own translations. To submit a set of
751
+ translations, first use the <strong>-listx</strong> option and redirect the output to a
752
+ file to generate an XML tag database, then add entries for other languages,
753
+ zip this file, and email it to phil at owl.phy.queensu.ca for inclusion in
754
+ ExifTool.</p>
755
+ </dd>
756
+ <dt><strong><a name="listitem_index" class="item"><strong>-listItem</strong> <em>INDEX</em></a></strong></dt>
757
+
758
+ <dd>
759
+ <p>For list-type tags, this causes only the item with the specified index to be
760
+ extracted. <em>INDEX</em> is 0 for the first item in the list. Has no effect
761
+ when writing or copying tags, in a <strong>-if</strong> condition, or in combination with
762
+ structured output options.</p>
763
+ </dd>
764
+ <dt><strong><a name="n" class="item"><strong>-n</strong> (<strong>--printConv</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
765
+
766
+ <dd>
767
+ <p>Read and write values as numbers instead of words. By default, extracted
768
+ values are converted to a more human-readable format for printing, but the
769
+ <strong>-n</strong> option disables this print conversion for all tags. For example:</p>
770
+ <pre>
771
+ &gt; exiftool -Orientation -S a.jpg
772
+ Orientation: Rotate 90 CW
773
+ &gt; exiftool -Orientation -S -n a.jpg
774
+ Orientation: 6</pre>
775
+ <p>The print conversion may also be disabled on a per-tag basis by suffixing
776
+ the tag name with a <code>#</code> character:</p>
777
+ <pre>
778
+ &gt; exiftool -Orientation# -Orientation -S a.jpg
779
+ Orientation: 6
780
+ Orientation: Rotate 90 CW</pre>
781
+ <p>These techniques may also be used to disable the inverse print conversion
782
+ when writing. For example, the following commands all have the same effect:</p>
783
+ <pre>
784
+ &gt; exiftool -Orientation='Rotate 90 CW' a.jpg
785
+ &gt; exiftool -Orientation=6 -n a.jpg
786
+ &gt; exiftool -Orientation#=6 a.jpg</pre>
787
+ </dd>
788
+ <dt><strong><a name="str" class="item"><strong>-p</strong> <em>FMTFILE</em> or <em>STR</em> (<strong>-printFormat</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
789
+
790
+ <dd>
791
+ <p>Print output in the format specified by the given file or string (and ignore
792
+ other format options). Tag names in the format file or string begin with a
793
+ <code>$</code> symbol and may contain a leading group name and/or a trailing <code>#</code>.
794
+ Case is not significant. Braces <code>{}</code> may be used around the tag name to
795
+ separate it from subsequent text. Use <code>$$</code> to represent a <code>$</code> symbol, and
796
+ <code>$/</code> for a newline. Multiple <strong>-p</strong> options may be used, each contributing
797
+ a line of text to the output. Lines beginning with <code>#[HEAD]</code> and
798
+ <code>#[TAIL]</code> are output only for the first and last processed files
799
+ respectively. Lines beginning with <code>#[BODY]</code> and lines not beginning with
800
+ <code>#</code> are output for each processed file. Other lines beginning with <code>#</code>
801
+ are ignored. For example, this format file:</p>
802
+ <pre>
803
+ # this is a comment line
804
+ #[HEAD]-- Generated by ExifTool $exifToolVersion --
805
+ File: $FileName - $DateTimeOriginal
806
+ (f/$Aperture, ${ShutterSpeed}s, ISO $EXIF:ISO)
807
+ #[TAIL]-- end --</pre>
808
+ <p>with this command:</p>
809
+ <pre>
810
+ exiftool -p test.fmt a.jpg b.jpg</pre>
811
+ <p>produces output like this:</p>
812
+ <pre>
813
+ -- Generated by ExifTool 9.33 --
814
+ File: a.jpg - 2003:10:31 15:44:19
815
+ (f/5.6, 1/60s, ISO 100)
816
+ File: b.jpg - 2006:05:23 11:57:38
817
+ (f/8.0, 1/13s, ISO 100)
818
+ -- end --</pre>
819
+ <p>When <strong>-ee</strong> (<strong>-extractEmbedded</strong>) is combined with <strong>-p</strong>, embedded documents
820
+ are effectively processed as separate input files.</p>
821
+ <p>If a specified tag does not exist, a minor warning is issued and the line
822
+ with the missing tag is not printed. However, the <strong>-f</strong> option may be used
823
+ to set the value of missing tags to '-' (but this may be configured via the
824
+ MissingTagValue API option), or the <strong>-m</strong> option may be used to ignore minor
825
+ warnings and leave the missing values empty.</p>
826
+ <p>An advanced formatting feature allows an arbitrary Perl expression to be
827
+ applied to the value of any tag by placing it inside the braces after a
828
+ semicolon following the tag name. The expression has access to the value of
829
+ this tag through the default input variable (<code>$_</code>), and the full API
830
+ through the current ExifTool object (<code>$self</code>). It may contain any valid
831
+ Perl code, including translation (<code>tr///</code>) and substitution (<code>s///</code>)
832
+ operations, but note that braces within the expression must be balanced. The
833
+ example below prints the camera Make with spaces translated to underlines,
834
+ and multiple consecutive underlines replaced by a single underline:</p>
835
+ <pre>
836
+ exiftool -p '${make;tr/ /_/;s/__+/_/g}' image.jpg</pre>
837
+ <p>A default expression of <code>tr(/\\?*:|&quot;&lt;&gt;\0)()d</code> is assumed if the
838
+ expression is empty, and removes the characters / \ ? * : | &lt; &gt; and
839
+ null from the printed value.</p>
840
+ </dd>
841
+ <dt><strong><a name="php" class="item"><strong>-php</strong></a></strong></dt>
842
+
843
+ <dd>
844
+ <p>Format output as a PHP Array. The <strong>-g</strong>, <strong>-G</strong>, <strong>-D</strong>, <strong>-H</strong>, <strong>-l</strong>,
845
+ <strong>-sep</strong> and <strong>-struct</strong> options combine with <strong>-php</strong> in the same way as with
846
+ <strong>-json</strong>. As well, the <strong>-b</strong> option may be added to output binary data.
847
+ Here is a simple example showing how this could be used in a PHP script:</p>
848
+ <pre>
849
+ &lt;?php
850
+ eval('$array=' . `exiftool -php -q image.jpg`);
851
+ print_r($array);
852
+ ?&gt;</pre>
853
+ </dd>
854
+ <dt><strong><a name="s_num_short" class="item"><strong>-s</strong>[<em>NUM</em>] (<strong>-short</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
855
+
856
+ <dd>
857
+ <p>Short output format. Prints tag names instead of descriptions. Add <em>NUM</em>
858
+ or up to 3 <strong>-s</strong> options for even shorter formats:</p>
859
+ <pre>
860
+ -s1 or -s - print tag names instead of descriptions
861
+ -s2 or -s -s - no extra spaces to column-align values
862
+ -s3 or -s -s -s - print values only (no tag names)</pre>
863
+ <p>Also effective when combined with <strong>-t</strong>, <strong>-h</strong>, <strong>-X</strong> or <strong>-listx</strong> options.</p>
864
+ </dd>
865
+ <dt><strong><a name="s" class="item"><strong>-S</strong> (<strong>-veryShort</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
866
+
867
+ <dd>
868
+ <p>Very short format. The same as <strong>-s2</strong> (or two <strong>-s</strong> options). Tag names
869
+ are printed instead of descriptions, and no extra spaces are added to
870
+ column-align values.</p>
871
+ </dd>
872
+ <dt><strong><strong>-sep</strong> <em>STR</em> (<strong>-separator</strong>)</strong></dt>
873
+
874
+ <dd>
875
+ <p>Specify separator string for items in list-type tags. When reading, the
876
+ default is to join list items with &quot;, &quot;. When writing, this option causes
877
+ values assigned to list-type tags to be split into individual items at each
878
+ substring matching <em>STR</em> (otherwise they are not split by default). Space
879
+ characters in <em>STR</em> match zero or more whitespace characters in the value.</p>
880
+ </dd>
881
+ <dt><strong><a name="sort" class="item"><strong>-sort</strong></a></strong></dt>
882
+
883
+ <dd>
884
+ <p>Sort output by tag description, or by tag name if the <strong>-s</strong> option is used.
885
+ Tags are sorted within each group when combined with the <strong>-g</strong> or <strong>-G</strong>
886
+ option. When sorting by description, the sort order will depend on the
887
+ <strong>-lang</strong> option setting. Without the <strong>-sort</strong> option, tags appear in the
888
+ order they were specified on the command line, or if not specified, the
889
+ order they were extracted from the file.</p>
890
+ </dd>
891
+ <dt><strong><a name="struct_struct" class="item"><strong>-struct</strong>, <strong>--struct</strong></a></strong></dt>
892
+
893
+ <dd>
894
+ <p>Output structured XMP information instead of flattening to individual tags.
895
+ This option works well when combined with the XML (<strong>-X</strong>) and JSON (<strong>-j</strong>)
896
+ output formats. For other output formats, the structures are serialized
897
+ into the same format as when writing structured information (see
898
+ <a href="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/struct.html">http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/struct.html</a> for details). When
899
+ copying, structured tags are copied by default unless <strong>--struct</strong> is used to
900
+ disable this feature (although flattened tags may still be copied by
901
+ specifying them individually unless <strong>-struct</strong> is used). These options have
902
+ no effect when assigning new values since both flattened and structured tags
903
+ may always be used when writing.</p>
904
+ </dd>
905
+ <dt><strong><a name="t" class="item"><strong>-t</strong> (<strong>-tab</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
906
+
907
+ <dd>
908
+ <p>Output a tab-delimited list of description/values (useful for database
909
+ import). May be combined with <strong>-s</strong> to print tag names instead of
910
+ descriptions, or <strong>-S</strong> to print tag values only, tab-delimited on a single
911
+ line. The <strong>-t</strong> option may also be used to add tag table information to the
912
+ <strong>-X</strong> option output.</p>
913
+ </dd>
914
+ <dt><strong><a name="t" class="item"><strong>-T</strong> (<strong>-table</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
915
+
916
+ <dd>
917
+ <p>Output tag values in table form. Equivalent to <strong>-t -S -q -f</strong>.</p>
918
+ </dd>
919
+ <dt><strong><a name="v_num_verbose" class="item"><strong>-v</strong>[<em>NUM</em>] (<strong>-verbose</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
920
+
921
+ <dd>
922
+ <p>Print verbose messages. <em>NUM</em> specifies the level of verbosity in the
923
+ range 0-5, with higher numbers being more verbose. If <em>NUM</em> is not given,
924
+ then each <strong>-v</strong> option increases the level of verbosity by 1. With any
925
+ level greater than 0, most other options are ignored and normal console
926
+ output is suppressed unless specific tags are extracted. Using <strong>-v0</strong>
927
+ causes the console output buffer to be flushed after each line (which may be
928
+ useful to avoid delays when piping exiftool output), and prints the name of
929
+ each processed file when writing. Also see the <strong>-progress</strong> option.</p>
930
+ </dd>
931
+ <dt><strong><strong>-w</strong>[+|!] <em>EXT</em> or <em>FMT</em> (<strong>-textOut</strong>)</strong></dt>
932
+
933
+ <dd>
934
+ <p>Write console output to files with names ending in <em>EXT</em>, one for each
935
+ source file. The output file name is obtained by replacing the source file
936
+ extension (including the '.') with the specified extension (and a '.' is
937
+ added to the start of <em>EXT</em> if it doesn't already contain one).
938
+ Alternatively, a <em>FMT</em> string may be used to give more control over the
939
+ output file name and directory. In the format string, %d, %f and %e
940
+ represent the directory, filename and extension of the source file, and %c
941
+ represents a copy number which is automatically incremented if the file
942
+ already exists. %d includes the trailing '/' if necessary, but %e does not
943
+ include the leading '.'. For example:</p>
944
+ <pre>
945
+ -w %d%f.txt # same effect as &quot;-w txt&quot;
946
+ -w dir/%f_%e.out # write files to &quot;dir&quot; as &quot;FILE_EXT.out&quot;
947
+ -w dir2/%d%f.txt # write to &quot;dir2&quot;, keeping dir structure
948
+ -w a%c.txt # write to &quot;a.txt&quot; or &quot;a1.txt&quot; or &quot;a2.txt&quot;...</pre>
949
+ <p>Existing files will not be overwritten unless an exclamation point is added
950
+ to the option name (ie. <strong>-w!</strong> or <strong>-textOut!</strong>), or a plus sign to append to
951
+ the existing file (ie. <strong>-w+</strong> or <strong>-textOut+</strong>). Both may be used (ie.
952
+ <strong>-w+!</strong> or <strong>-textOut+!</strong>) to overwrite output files that didn't exist before
953
+ the command was run, and append the output from multiple source files. For
954
+ example, to write one output file for all source files in each directory:</p>
955
+ <pre>
956
+ exiftool -filename -createdate -T -w+! %d/out.txt -r DIR</pre>
957
+ <p>Notes:</p>
958
+ <p>1) In a Windows BAT file the <code>%</code> character is represented by <code>%%</code>, so an
959
+ argument like <code>%d%f.txt</code> is written as <code>%%d%%f.txt</code>.</p>
960
+ <p>2) If the argument for <strong>-w</strong> does not contain a format code (%d, %f or %e),
961
+ then it is interpreted as a file extension. Therefore it is not possible to
962
+ specify a simple filename as an argument, so creating a single output file
963
+ from multiple source files is typically done by shell redirection, ie)</p>
964
+ <pre>
965
+ exiftool FILE1 FILE2 ... &gt; out.txt</pre>
966
+ <p>But if necessary, an empty format code may be used to force the argument to
967
+ be interpreted as a format string, and the same result may be obtained
968
+ without the use of shell redirection:</p>
969
+ <pre>
970
+ exiftool -w+! %0fout.txt FILE1 FILE2 ...</pre>
971
+ <p>Advanced features:</p>
972
+ <p>A substring of the original file name, directory or extension may be taken
973
+ by specifying a field width immediately following the '%' character. If the
974
+ width is negative, the substring is taken from the end. The substring
975
+ position (characters to ignore at the start or end of the string) may be
976
+ given by a second optional value after a decimal point. For example:</p>
977
+ <pre>
978
+ Input File Name Format Specifier Output File Name
979
+ ---------------- ---------------- ----------------
980
+ Picture-123.jpg %7f.txt Picture.txt
981
+ Picture-123.jpg %-.4f.out Picture.out
982
+ Picture-123.jpg %7f.%-3f Picture.123
983
+ Picture-123a.jpg Meta%-3.1f.txt Meta123.txt</pre>
984
+ <p>For %d, the field width/position specifiers may be applied to the directory
985
+ levels instead of substring position by using a colon instead of a decimal
986
+ point in the format specifier. For example:</p>
987
+ <pre>
988
+ Source Dir Format Result Notes
989
+ ------------ ------ ---------- ------------------
990
+ pics/2012/02 %2:d pics/2012/ take top 2 levels
991
+ pics/2012/02 %-:1d pics/2012/ up one directory level
992
+ pics/2012/02 %:1d 2012/02/ ignore top level
993
+ pics/2012/02 %1:1d 2012/ take 1 level after top
994
+ /Users/phil %:2d phil/ ignore top 2 levels</pre>
995
+ <p>(Note that the root directory counts as one level when an absolute path is
996
+ used as in the last example above.)</p>
997
+ <p>For %c, these modifiers have a different effects. If a field width is
998
+ given, the copy number is padded with zeros to the specified width. A
999
+ leading '-' adds a dash before the copy number, and a '+' adds an underline.
1000
+ By default, a copy number of zero is omitted, but this can be changed by
1001
+ adding a decimal point to the modifier. For example:</p>
1002
+ <pre>
1003
+ -w A%-cZ.txt # AZ.txt, A-1Z.txt, A-2Z.txt ...
1004
+ -w B%5c.txt # B.txt, B00001.txt, B00002.txt ...
1005
+ -w C%.c.txt # C0.txt, C1.txt, C2.txt ...
1006
+ -w D%-.c.txt # D-0.txt, D-1.txt, D-2.txt ...
1007
+ -w E%-.4c.txt # E-0000.txt, E-0001.txt, E-0002.txt ...
1008
+ -w F%-.4nc.txt # F-0001.txt, F-0002.txt, F-0003.txt ...
1009
+ -w G%+c.txt # G.txt, G_1.txt G_2.txt ...
1010
+ -w H%-lc.txt # H.txt, H-b.txt, H-c.txt ...</pre>
1011
+ <p>A special feature allows the copy number to be incremented for each
1012
+ processed file by using %C (upper case) instead of %c. This allows a
1013
+ sequential number to be added to output file names, even if the names are
1014
+ different. For %C, a copy number of zero is not omitted as it is with %c.
1015
+ The number before the decimal place gives the starting index, the number
1016
+ after the decimal place gives the field width. The following examples show
1017
+ the output filenames when used with the command
1018
+ <code>exiftool rose.jpg star.jpg jet.jpg ...</code>:</p>
1019
+ <pre>
1020
+ -w %C%f.txt # 0rose.txt, 1star.txt, 2jet.txt
1021
+ -w %f-%10C.txt # rose-10.txt, star-11.txt, jet-12.txt
1022
+ -w %.3C-%f.txt # 000-rose.txt, 001-star.txt, 002-jet.txt
1023
+ -w %57.4C%f.txt # 0057rose.txt, 0058star.txt, 0059jet.txt</pre>
1024
+ <p>All format codes may be modified by 'l' or 'u' to specify lower or upper
1025
+ case respectively (ie. <code>%le</code> for a lower case file extension). When used
1026
+ to modify %c or %C, the numbers are changed to an alphabetical base (see
1027
+ example H above). Also, %c may be modified by 'n' to count using natural
1028
+ numbers starting from 1, instead of 0 (see example F above).</p>
1029
+ <p>This same <em>FMT</em> syntax is used with the <strong>-o</strong> and <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> options,
1030
+ although %c is only valid for output file names.</p>
1031
+ </dd>
1032
+ <dt><strong><strong>-W</strong>[!|+] <em>FMT</em> (<strong>-tagOut</strong>)</strong></dt>
1033
+
1034
+ <dd>
1035
+ <p>This enhanced version of the <strong>-w</strong> option allows a separate output file to
1036
+ be created for each extracted tag. The differences between <strong>-W</strong> and <strong>-w</strong>
1037
+ are listed below:</p>
1038
+ <p>1) With <strong>-W</strong>, a new output file is created for each extracted tag.</p>
1039
+ <p>2) <strong>-W</strong> supports three additional format codes: %t, %g and %s represent
1040
+ the tag name, group name, and suggested extension for the output file (based
1041
+ on the format of the data). The %g code may be followed by a single digit
1042
+ to specify the group family number (ie. %g1), otherwise family 0 is assumed.
1043
+ The substring width/position/case specifiers may be used with these format
1044
+ codes in exactly the same way as with %f and %e.</p>
1045
+ <p>3) The argument for <strong>-W</strong> is interpreted as a file name if it contains no
1046
+ format codes. (For <strong>-w</strong>, this would be a file extension.) This change
1047
+ allows a simple file name to be specified, which, when combined with the
1048
+ append feature, provides a method to write metadata from multiple source
1049
+ files to a single output file without the need for shell redirection.</p>
1050
+ <p>4) Adding the <strong>-v</strong> option to <strong>-W</strong> generates a list of the tags and output
1051
+ file names instead of giving a verbose dump of the entire file. (Unless
1052
+ appending all output to one file for each source file by using <strong>-W+</strong> and an
1053
+ output file <em>FMT</em> that does not contain %t, $g or %s.)</p>
1054
+ <p>5) Individual list items are stored in separate files when <strong>-W</strong> is combined
1055
+ with <strong>-b</strong>, but note that for separate files to be created %c must be used
1056
+ in <em>FMT</em> to give the files unique names.</p>
1057
+ </dd>
1058
+ <dt><strong><a name="ext" class="item"><strong>-Wext</strong> <em>EXT</em>, <strong>--Wext</strong> <em>EXT</em> (<strong>-tagOutExt</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
1059
+
1060
+ <dd>
1061
+ <p>This option is used to specify the type of output file(s) written by the
1062
+ <strong>-W</strong> option. An output file is written only if the suggested extension
1063
+ matches <em>EXT</em>. Multiple <strong>-Wext</strong> options may be used to write more than
1064
+ one type of file. Use <strong>--Wext</strong> to write all but the specified type(s).</p>
1065
+ </dd>
1066
+ <dt><strong><a name="x" class="item"><strong>-X</strong> (<strong>-xmlFormat</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
1067
+
1068
+ <dd>
1069
+ <p>Use ExifTool-specific RDF/XML formatting for console output. Implies the
1070
+ <strong>-a</strong> option, so duplicate tags are extracted. The formatting options
1071
+ <strong>-b</strong>, <strong>-D</strong>, <strong>-H</strong>, <strong>-l</strong>, <strong>-s</strong>, <strong>-sep</strong>, <strong>-struct</strong> and <strong>-t</strong> may be used
1072
+ in combination with <strong>-X</strong> to affect the output, but note that the tag ID
1073
+ (<strong>-D</strong>, <strong>-H</strong> and <strong>-t</strong>), binary data (<strong>-b</strong>) and structured output
1074
+ (<strong>-struct</strong>) options are not effective for the short output (<strong>-s</strong>).
1075
+ Another restriction of <strong>-s</strong> is that only one tag with a given group and
1076
+ name may appear in the output. Note that the tag ID options (<strong>-D</strong>, <strong>-H</strong>
1077
+ and <strong>-t</strong>) will produce non-standard RDF/XML unless the <strong>-l</strong> option is also
1078
+ used. By default, list-type tags with multiple values are formatted as an
1079
+ RDF Bag, but they are combined into a single string when <strong>-s</strong> or <strong>-sep</strong> is
1080
+ used. Using <strong>-L</strong> changes the XML encoding from &quot;UTF-8&quot; to &quot;windows-1252&quot;.
1081
+ Other <strong>-charset</strong> settings change the encoding only if there is a
1082
+ corresponding standard XML character set. The <strong>-b</strong> option causes binary
1083
+ data values to be written, encoded in base64 if necessary. The <strong>-t</strong> option
1084
+ adds tag table information to the output (table <code>name</code>, decimal tag <code>id</code>,
1085
+ and <code>index</code> for cases where multiple conditional tags exist with the same
1086
+ ID).</p>
1087
+ <p>Note: This output is NOT the same as XMP because it uses
1088
+ dynamically-generated property names corresponding to the ExifTool tag
1089
+ names, and not the standard XMP properties. To write XMP instead, use the
1090
+ <strong>-o</strong> option with an XMP extension for the output file.</p>
1091
+ </dd>
1092
+ </dl>
1093
+ <p>
1094
+ </p>
1095
+ <h3><a name="processing_control">Processing control</a></h3>
1096
+ <dl>
1097
+ <dt><strong><a name="a" class="item"><strong>-a</strong>, <strong>--a</strong> (<strong>-duplicates</strong>, <strong>--duplicates</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
1098
+
1099
+ <dd>
1100
+ <p>Allow (<strong>-a</strong>) or suppress (<strong>--a</strong>) duplicate tag names to be extracted. By
1101
+ default, duplicate tags are suppressed unless the <strong>-ee</strong> or <strong>-X</strong> options
1102
+ are used or the Duplicates option is enabled in the configuration file.</p>
1103
+ </dd>
1104
+ <dt><strong><a name="e" class="item"><strong>-e</strong> (<strong>--composite</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
1105
+
1106
+ <dd>
1107
+ <p>Extract existing tags only -- don't calculate composite tags.</p>
1108
+ </dd>
1109
+ <dt><strong><a name="ee" class="item"><strong>-ee</strong> (<strong>-extractEmbedded</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
1110
+
1111
+ <dd>
1112
+ <p>Extract information from embedded documents in EPS files, embedded EPS
1113
+ information and JPEG and Jpeg2000 images in PDF files, embedded MPF images
1114
+ in JPEG and MPO files, streaming metadata in AVCHD videos, and the resource
1115
+ fork of Mac OS files. Implies the <strong>-a</strong> option. Use <strong>-g3</strong> or <strong>-G3</strong> to
1116
+ identify the originating document for extracted information. Embedded
1117
+ documents containing sub-documents are indicated with dashes in the family 3
1118
+ group name. (ie. <code>Doc2-3</code> is the 3rd sub-document of the 2nd embedded
1119
+ document.) Note that this option may increase processing time substantially,
1120
+ especially for PDF files with many embedded images.</p>
1121
+ </dd>
1122
+ <dt><strong><strong>-ext</strong> <em>EXT</em>, <strong>--ext</strong> <em>EXT</em> (<strong>-extension</strong>)</strong></dt>
1123
+
1124
+ <dd>
1125
+ <p>Process only files with (<strong>-ext</strong>) or without (<strong>--ext</strong>) a specified
1126
+ extension. There may be multiple <strong>-ext</strong> and <strong>--ext</strong> options. Extensions
1127
+ may begin with a leading '.', and case is not significant. For example:</p>
1128
+ <pre>
1129
+ exiftool -ext .JPG DIR # process only JPG files
1130
+ exiftool --ext cr2 --ext dng DIR # supported files but CR2/DNG
1131
+ exiftool --ext . DIR # ignore if no extension
1132
+ exiftool -ext &quot;*&quot; DIR # process all files
1133
+ exiftool -ext &quot;*&quot; --ext xml DIR # process all but XML files</pre>
1134
+ <p>The extension may be <code>&quot;*&quot;</code> as in the last two examples above to force
1135
+ processing files with any extension (not just supported files).</p>
1136
+ <p>Using this option has two main advantages over specifying <code>*.EXT</code> on the
1137
+ command line: 1) It applies to files in subdirectories when combined with
1138
+ the <strong>-r</strong> option. 2) The <strong>-ext</strong> option is case-insensitive, which is
1139
+ useful when processing files on case-sensitive filesystems.</p>
1140
+ </dd>
1141
+ <dt><strong><a name="f_offset_fixbase" class="item"><strong>-F</strong>[<em>OFFSET</em>] (<strong>-fixBase</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
1142
+
1143
+ <dd>
1144
+ <p>Fix the base for maker notes offsets. A common problem with some image
1145
+ editors is that offsets in the maker notes are not adjusted properly when
1146
+ the file is modified. This may cause the wrong values to be extracted for
1147
+ some maker note entries when reading the edited file. This option allows an
1148
+ integer <em>OFFSET</em> to be specified for adjusting the maker notes base offset.
1149
+ If no <em>OFFSET</em> is given, ExifTool takes its best guess at the correct base.
1150
+ Note that exiftool will automatically fix the offsets for images which store
1151
+ original offset information (ie. newer Canon models). Offsets are fixed
1152
+ permanently if <strong>-F</strong> is used when writing EXIF to an image. ie)</p>
1153
+ <pre>
1154
+ exiftool -F -exif:resolutionunit=inches image.jpg</pre>
1155
+ </dd>
1156
+ <dt><strong><a name="fast_num" class="item"><strong>-fast</strong>[<em>NUM</em>]</a></strong></dt>
1157
+
1158
+ <dd>
1159
+ <p>Increase speed of extracting information from JPEG images. With this
1160
+ option, ExifTool will not scan to the end of a JPEG image to check for an
1161
+ AFCP or PreviewImage trailer, or past the first comment in GIF images or the
1162
+ audio/video data in WAV/AVI files to search for additional metadata. These
1163
+ speed benefits are small when reading images directly from disk, but can be
1164
+ substantial if piping images through a network connection. For more
1165
+ substantial speed benefits, <strong>-fast2</strong> also causes exiftool to avoid
1166
+ extracting any EXIF MakerNote information.</p>
1167
+ </dd>
1168
+ <dt><strong><a name="fileorder_tag" class="item"><strong>-fileOrder</strong> [-]<em>TAG</em></a></strong></dt>
1169
+
1170
+ <dd>
1171
+ <p>Set file processing order according to the sorted value of the specified
1172
+ <em>TAG</em>. For example, to process files in order of date:</p>
1173
+ <pre>
1174
+ exiftool -fileOrder DateTimeOriginal DIR</pre>
1175
+ <p>Additional <strong>-fileOrder</strong> options may be added for secondary sort keys.
1176
+ Floating point values are sorted numerically, and all other values are
1177
+ sorted alphabetically. The sort order may be reversed by prefixing the tag
1178
+ name with a <code>-</code> (ie. <code>-fileOrder -createdate</code>). A <code>#</code> may be appended to
1179
+ the tag name to disable print conversion for the sorted values. Note that
1180
+ the <strong>-fileOrder</strong> option has a large performance impact since it involves an
1181
+ additional processing pass of each file.</p>
1182
+ </dd>
1183
+ <dt><strong><a name="dir" class="item"><strong>-i</strong> <em>DIR</em> (<strong>-ignore</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
1184
+
1185
+ <dd>
1186
+ <p>Ignore specified directory name. Use multiple <strong>-i</strong> options to ignore more
1187
+ than one directory name. A special <em>DIR</em> value of <code>SYMLINKS</code> (case
1188
+ sensitive) may be specified to ignore symbolic links when the <strong>-r</strong> option
1189
+ is used.</p>
1190
+ </dd>
1191
+ <dt><strong><a name="if_expr" class="item"><strong>-if</strong> <em>EXPR</em></a></strong></dt>
1192
+
1193
+ <dd>
1194
+ <p>Specify a condition to be evaluated before processing each <em>FILE</em>. <em>EXPR</em>
1195
+ is a Perl-like expression containing tag names prefixed by <code>$</code> symbols. It
1196
+ is evaluated with the tags from each <em>FILE</em> in turn, and the file is
1197
+ processed only if the expression returns true. Unlike Perl variable names,
1198
+ tag names are not case sensitive and may contain a hyphen. As well, tag
1199
+ names may have a leading group name separated by a colon, and/or a trailing
1200
+ <code>#</code> character to disable print conversion. The expression <code>$GROUP:all</code>
1201
+ evaluates to 1 if any tag exists in the specified <code>GROUP</code>, or 0 otherwise
1202
+ (see note 2 below). When multiple <strong>-if</strong> options are used, all conditions
1203
+ must be satisfied to process the file. Returns an exit status of 1 if all
1204
+ files fail the condition. Below are a few examples:</p>
1205
+ <pre>
1206
+ # extract shutterspeed from all Canon images in a directory
1207
+ exiftool -shutterspeed -if '$make eq &quot;Canon&quot;' dir</pre>
1208
+ <pre>
1209
+ # add one hour to all images created on or after Apr. 2, 2006
1210
+ exiftool -alldates+=1 -if '$CreateDate ge &quot;2006:04:02&quot;' dir</pre>
1211
+ <pre>
1212
+ # set EXIF ISO value if possible, unless it is set already
1213
+ exiftool '-exif:iso&lt;iso' -if 'not $exif:iso' dir</pre>
1214
+ <pre>
1215
+ # find images containing a specific keyword (case insensitive)
1216
+ exiftool -if '$keywords =~ /harvey/i' -filename dir</pre>
1217
+ <p>Notes:</p>
1218
+ <p>1) The <strong>-n</strong> and <strong>-b</strong> options also apply to tags used in <em>EXPR</em>.</p>
1219
+ <p>2) Some binary data blocks are not extracted unless specified explicitly.
1220
+ These tags are not available for use in the <strong>-if</strong> condition unless they are
1221
+ also specified on the command line. The alternative is to use the
1222
+ <code>$GROUP:all</code> syntax. (ie. Use <code>$exif:all</code> instead of <code>$exif</code> in <em>EXPR</em>
1223
+ to test for the existence of EXIF tags.)</p>
1224
+ <p>3) Tags in the string are interpolated the same way as with <strong>-p</strong> before the
1225
+ expression is evaluated. In this interpolation, <code>$/</code> is converted to a
1226
+ newline and <code>$$</code> represents a single <code>$</code> symbol (so Perl variables, if
1227
+ used, require a double <code>$</code>).</p>
1228
+ <p>4) The condition may only test tags from the file being processed. To
1229
+ process one file based on tags from another, two steps are required. For
1230
+ example, to process XMP sidecar files in directory <a href="#dir"><code>DIR</code></a> based on tags from
1231
+ the associated NEF:</p>
1232
+ <pre>
1233
+ exiftool -if EXPR -p '$directory/$filename' -ext nef DIR &gt; nef.txt
1234
+ exiftool -@ nef.txt -srcfile %d%f.xmp ...</pre>
1235
+ </dd>
1236
+ <dt><strong><a name="m" class="item"><strong>-m</strong> (<strong>-ignoreMinorErrors</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
1237
+
1238
+ <dd>
1239
+ <p>Ignore minor errors and warnings. This enables writing to files with minor
1240
+ errors and disables some validation checks which could result in minor
1241
+ warnings. Generally, minor errors/warnings indicate a problem which usually
1242
+ won't result in loss of metadata if ignored. However, there are exceptions,
1243
+ so ExifTool leaves it up to you to make the final decision. Minor errors
1244
+ and warnings are indicated by &quot;[minor]&quot; at the start of the message.
1245
+ Warnings which affect processing when ignored are indicated by &quot;[Minor]&quot;
1246
+ (with a capital &quot;M&quot;).</p>
1247
+ </dd>
1248
+ <dt><strong><strong>-o</strong> <em>OUTFILE</em> or <em>FMT</em> (<strong>-out</strong>)</strong></dt>
1249
+
1250
+ <dd>
1251
+ <p>Set the output file or directory name when writing information. Without
1252
+ this option, when any &quot;real&quot; tags are written the original file is renamed
1253
+ to <code>FILE_original</code> and output is written to <em>FILE</em>. When writing only
1254
+ FileName and/or Directory &quot;pseudo&quot; tags, <strong>-o</strong> causes the file to be copied
1255
+ instead of moved, but directories specified for either of these tags take
1256
+ precedence over that specified by the <strong>-o</strong> option.</p>
1257
+ <p><em>OUTFILE</em> may be <code>-</code> to write to stdout. The output file name may also be
1258
+ specified using a <em>FMT</em> string in which %d, %f and %e represent the
1259
+ directory, file name and extension of <em>FILE</em>. Also, %c may be used to add
1260
+ a copy number. See the <strong>-w</strong> option for <em>FMT</em> string examples.</p>
1261
+ <p>The output file is taken to be a directory name if it already exists as a
1262
+ directory or if the name ends with '/'. Output directories are created if
1263
+ necessary. Existing files will not be overwritten. Combining the
1264
+ <strong>-overwrite_original</strong> option with <strong>-o</strong> causes the original source file to
1265
+ be erased after the output file is successfully written.</p>
1266
+ <p>A special feature of this option allows the creation of certain types of
1267
+ files from scratch, or with the metadata from another type of file. The
1268
+ following file types may be created using this technique:</p>
1269
+ <pre>
1270
+ XMP, ICC/ICM, MIE, VRD, EXIF</pre>
1271
+ <p>The output file type is determined by the extension of <em>OUTFILE</em> (specified
1272
+ as <a href="#ext"><code>-.EXT</code></a> when writing to stdout). The output file is then created from a
1273
+ combination of information in <em>FILE</em> (as if the <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> option was
1274
+ used), and tag values assigned on the command line. If no <em>FILE</em> is
1275
+ specified, the output file may be created from scratch using only tags
1276
+ assigned on the command line.</p>
1277
+ </dd>
1278
+ <dt><strong><a name="overwrite_original" class="item"><strong>-overwrite_original</strong></a></strong></dt>
1279
+
1280
+ <dd>
1281
+ <p>Overwrite the original <em>FILE</em> (instead of preserving it by adding
1282
+ <code>_original</code> to the file name) when writing information to an image.
1283
+ Caution: This option should only be used if you already have separate backup
1284
+ copies of your image files. The overwrite is implemented by renaming a
1285
+ temporary file to replace the original. This deletes the original file and
1286
+ replaces it with the edited version in a single operation. When combined
1287
+ with <strong>-o</strong>, this option causes the original file to be deleted if the output
1288
+ file was successfully written (ie. the file is moved instead of copied).</p>
1289
+ </dd>
1290
+ <dt><strong><a name="overwrite_original_in_place" class="item"><strong>-overwrite_original_in_place</strong></a></strong></dt>
1291
+
1292
+ <dd>
1293
+ <p>Similar to <strong>-overwrite_original</strong> except that an extra step is added to
1294
+ allow the original file attributes to be preserved. For example, on a Mac
1295
+ this causes the original file creation date, type, creator, label color,
1296
+ icon and hard links to the file to be preserved (but note that the Mac OS
1297
+ resource fork is always preserved unless specifically deleted with
1298
+ <code>-rsrc:all=</code>). This is implemented by opening the original file in update
1299
+ mode and replacing its data with a copy of a temporary file before deleting
1300
+ the temporary. The extra step results in slower performance, so the
1301
+ <strong>-overwrite_original</strong> option should be used instead unless necessary.</p>
1302
+ </dd>
1303
+ <dt><strong><a name="p" class="item"><strong>-P</strong> (<strong>-preserve</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
1304
+
1305
+ <dd>
1306
+ <p>Preserve the filesystem modification date/time of the original file
1307
+ (<code>FileModifyDate</code>) when writing. Note that some filesystems store a
1308
+ creation date which is not preserved by this option, with the exception of
1309
+ Windows systems where Win32API::File::Time is available. For other systems,
1310
+ the <strong>-overwrite_original_in_place</strong> option may be used if necessary to
1311
+ preserve the creation date.</p>
1312
+ </dd>
1313
+ <dt><strong><a name="password_passwd" class="item"><strong>-password</strong> <em>PASSWD</em></a></strong></dt>
1314
+
1315
+ <dd>
1316
+ <p>Specify password to allow processing of password-protected PDF documents.
1317
+ If a password is required but not given, a warning is issued and the
1318
+ document is not processed. Ignored if a password is not required.</p>
1319
+ </dd>
1320
+ <dt><strong><a name="progress" class="item"><strong>-progress</strong></a></strong></dt>
1321
+
1322
+ <dd>
1323
+ <p>Show file progress count in messages. The progress count appears in
1324
+ brackets after then name of each processed file, and gives the current file
1325
+ number and the total number of files to be processed. Implies the <strong>-v0</strong>
1326
+ option, which prints the name of each processed file when writing. When
1327
+ combined with the [tt]-if[/tt] option, the total count includes all files
1328
+ before the condition is applied, but files that fail the condition will not
1329
+ have their names printed.</p>
1330
+ </dd>
1331
+ <dt><strong><a name="q" class="item"><strong>-q</strong> (<strong>-quiet</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
1332
+
1333
+ <dd>
1334
+ <p>Quiet processing. One <strong>-q</strong> suppresses normal informational messages, and a
1335
+ second <strong>-q</strong> suppresses warnings as well. Error messages can not be
1336
+ suppressed, although minor errors may be downgraded to warnings with the
1337
+ <strong>-m</strong> option.</p>
1338
+ </dd>
1339
+ <dt><strong><a name="r" class="item"><strong>-r</strong> (<strong>-recurse</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
1340
+
1341
+ <dd>
1342
+ <p>Recursively process files in subdirectories. Only meaningful if <em>FILE</em> is
1343
+ a directory name. By default, exiftool will also follow symbolic links to
1344
+ directories if supported by the system, but this may be disabled with
1345
+ <code>-i SYMLINKS</code> (see the <strong>-i</strong> option for details).</p>
1346
+ </dd>
1347
+ <dt><strong><a name="scanforxmp" class="item"><strong>-scanForXMP</strong></a></strong></dt>
1348
+
1349
+ <dd>
1350
+ <p>Scan all files (even unsupported formats) for XMP information unless found
1351
+ already. When combined with the <strong>-fast</strong> option, only unsupported file
1352
+ types are scanned. Warning: It can be time consuming to scan large files.</p>
1353
+ </dd>
1354
+ <dt><strong><a name="u" class="item"><strong>-u</strong> (<strong>-unknown</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
1355
+
1356
+ <dd>
1357
+ <p>Extract values of unknown tags. Add another <strong>-u</strong> to also extract unknown
1358
+ information from binary data blocks. This option applies to tags with
1359
+ numerical tag ID's, and causes tag names like &quot;Exif_0xc5d9&quot; to be generated
1360
+ for unknown information. It has no effect on information types which have
1361
+ human-readable tag ID's (such as XMP), since unknown tags are extracted
1362
+ automatically from these formats.</p>
1363
+ </dd>
1364
+ <dt><strong><a name="u" class="item"><strong>-U</strong> (<strong>-unknown2</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
1365
+
1366
+ <dd>
1367
+ <p>Extract values of unknown tags as well as unknown information from some
1368
+ binary data blocks. This is the same as two <strong>-u</strong> options.</p>
1369
+ </dd>
1370
+ <dt><strong><a name="mode" class="item"><strong>-wm</strong> <em>MODE</em> (<strong>-writeMode</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
1371
+
1372
+ <dd>
1373
+ <p>Set mode for writing/creating tags. <em>MODE</em> is a string of one or more
1374
+ characters from the list below. Write mode is <code>wcg</code> unless otherwise
1375
+ specified.</p>
1376
+ <pre>
1377
+ w - Write existing tags
1378
+ c - Create new tags
1379
+ g - create new Groups as necessary</pre>
1380
+ <p>The level of the group is the SubDirectory level in the metadata structure.
1381
+ For XMP or IPTC this is the full XMP/IPTC block (the family 0 group), but
1382
+ for EXIF this is the individual IFD (the family 1 group).</p>
1383
+ </dd>
1384
+ <dt><strong><a name="z" class="item"><strong>-z</strong> (<strong>-zip</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
1385
+
1386
+ <dd>
1387
+ <p>When reading, causes information to be extracted from .gz and .bz2
1388
+ compressed images. (Only one image per archive. Requires gzip and bzip2 to
1389
+ be installed on the system.) When writing, causes compressed information to
1390
+ be written if supported by the image format. (ie. The PNG format supports
1391
+ compressed text.) This option also disables the recommended padding in
1392
+ embedded XMP, saving 2424 bytes when writing XMP in a file.</p>
1393
+ </dd>
1394
+ </dl>
1395
+ <p>
1396
+ </p>
1397
+ <h3><a name="special_features">Special features</a></h3>
1398
+ <dl>
1399
+ <dt><strong><a name="geotag_trkfile" class="item"><strong>-geotag</strong> <em>TRKFILE</em></a></strong></dt>
1400
+
1401
+ <dd>
1402
+ <p>Geotag images from the specified GPS track log file. Using the <strong>-geotag</strong>
1403
+ option is equivalent to writing a value to the <code>Geotag</code> tag. After the
1404
+ <strong>-geotag</strong> option has been specified, the value of the <code>Geotime</code> tag is
1405
+ written to define a date/time for the position interpolation. If <code>Geotime</code>
1406
+ is not specified, the value is copied from <code>DateTimeOriginal</code>. For
1407
+ example, the following two commands are equivalent:</p>
1408
+ <pre>
1409
+ exiftool -geotag track.log image.jpg
1410
+ exiftool -geotag &quot;-Geotime&lt;DateTimeOriginal&quot; image.jpg</pre>
1411
+ <p>When the <code>Geotime</code> value is converted to UTC, the local system timezone is
1412
+ assumed unless the date/time value contains a timezone. Writing <code>Geotime</code>
1413
+ causes the following tags to be written (provided they can be calculated
1414
+ from the track log, and they are supported by the destination metadata
1415
+ format): GPSLatitude, GPSLatitudeRef, GPSLongitude, GPSLongitudeRef,
1416
+ GPSAltitude, GPSAltitudeRef, GPSDateStamp, GPSTimeStamp, GPSDateTime,
1417
+ GPSTrack, GPSTrackRef, GPSSpeed, GPSSpeedRef, GPSImgDirection,
1418
+ GPSImgDirectionRef, GPSPitch and GPSRoll. By default, tags are created in
1419
+ EXIF, and updated in XMP only if they already exist. However,
1420
+ <code>EXIF:Geotime</code> or <code>XMP:Geotime</code> may be specified to write only EXIF or XMP
1421
+ tags respectively. Note that GPSPitch and GPSRoll are non-standard, and
1422
+ require user-defined tags in order to be written.</p>
1423
+ <p>The <code>Geosync</code> tag may be used to specify a time correction which is applied
1424
+ to each <code>Geotime</code> value for synchronization with GPS time. For example,
1425
+ the following command compensates for image times which are 1 minute and 20
1426
+ seconds behind GPS:</p>
1427
+ <pre>
1428
+ exiftool -geosync=+1:20 -geotag a.log DIR</pre>
1429
+ <p><code>Geosync</code> must be set before <code>Geotime</code> (if specified) to be effective.
1430
+ Advanced <code>Geosync</code> features allow a linear time drift correction and
1431
+ synchronization from previously geotagged images. See &quot;geotag.html&quot; in the
1432
+ full ExifTool distribution for more information.</p>
1433
+ <p>Multiple <strong>-geotag</strong> options may be used to concatinate GPS track log data.
1434
+ Also, a single <strong>-geotag</strong> option may be used to load multiple track log
1435
+ files by using wildcards in the <em>TRKFILE</em> name, but note that in this case
1436
+ <em>TRKFILE</em> must be quoted on most systems (with the notable exception of
1437
+ Windows) to prevent filename expansion. For example:</p>
1438
+ <pre>
1439
+ exiftool -geotag &quot;TRACKDIR/*.log&quot; IMAGEDIR</pre>
1440
+ <p>Currently supported track file formats are GPX, NMEA RMC/GGA/GLL, KML, IGC,
1441
+ Garmin XML and TCX, Magellan PMGNTRK, Honeywell PTNTHPR, and Winplus Beacon
1442
+ text files. See <a href="#geotagging_examples">GEOTAGGING EXAMPLES</a> for examples. Also see
1443
+ &quot;geotag.html&quot; in the full ExifTool distribution and the
1444
+ <a href="ExifTool.html#options">Image::ExifTool Options</a> for more details and for
1445
+ information about geotag configuration options.</p>
1446
+ </dd>
1447
+ <dt><strong><a name="globaltimeshift_shift" class="item"><strong>-globalTimeShift</strong> <em>SHIFT</em></a></strong></dt>
1448
+
1449
+ <dd>
1450
+ <p>Shift all formatted date/time values by the specified amount when reading.
1451
+ Does not apply to unformatted (<strong>-n</strong>) output. <em>SHIFT</em> takes the same form
1452
+ as the date/time shift when writing (see
1453
+ <a href="Shift.html">Image::ExifTool::Shift.pl</a> for details), with a
1454
+ negative shift being indicated with a minus sign (<code>-</code>) at the start of the
1455
+ <em>SHIFT</em> string. For example:</p>
1456
+ <pre>
1457
+ # return all date/times, shifted back by 1 hour
1458
+ exiftool -globalTimeShift -1 -time:all a.jpg</pre>
1459
+ <pre>
1460
+ # set the file name from the shifted CreateDate (-1 day) for
1461
+ # all images in a directory
1462
+ exiftool &quot;-filename&lt;createdate&quot; -globaltimeshift &quot;-0:0:1 0:0:0&quot; \
1463
+ -d %Y%m%d-%H%M%S.%%e dir</pre>
1464
+ </dd>
1465
+ <dt><strong><a name="use_module" class="item"><strong>-use</strong> <em>MODULE</em></a></strong></dt>
1466
+
1467
+ <dd>
1468
+ <p>Add features from specified plug-in <em>MODULE</em>. Currently, the MWG module is
1469
+ the only plug-in module distributed with exiftool. This module adds
1470
+ read/write support for tags as recommended by the Metadata Working Group.
1471
+ To save typing, <code>-use MWG</code> is assumed if the <code>MWG</code> group is specified for
1472
+ any tag on the command line. See the
1473
+ <a href="TagNames/MWG.html">MWG Tags documentation</a> for more
1474
+ details. (Note that this option is not reversible, and remains in effect
1475
+ until the application terminates, even across the <code>-execute</code> option.)</p>
1476
+ </dd>
1477
+ </dl>
1478
+ <p>
1479
+ </p>
1480
+ <h3><a name="utilities">Utilities</a></h3>
1481
+ <dl>
1482
+ <dt><strong><a name="restore_original" class="item"><strong>-restore_original</strong></a></strong></dt>
1483
+
1484
+ <dt><strong><a name="delete_original" class="item"><strong>-delete_original</strong>[!]</a></strong></dt>
1485
+
1486
+ <dd>
1487
+ <p>These utility options automate the maintenance of the <code>_original</code> files
1488
+ created by exiftool. They have no effect on files without an <code>_original</code>
1489
+ copy. The <strong>-restore_original</strong> option restores the specified files from
1490
+ their original copies by renaming the <code>_original</code> files to replace the
1491
+ edited versions. For example, the following command restores the originals
1492
+ of all JPG images in directory <a href="#dir"><code>DIR</code></a>:</p>
1493
+ <pre>
1494
+ exiftool -restore_original -ext jpg DIR</pre>
1495
+ <p>The <strong>-delete_original</strong> option deletes the <code>_original</code> copies of all files
1496
+ specified on the command line. Without a trailing <code>!</code> this option prompts
1497
+ for confirmation before continuing. For example, the following command
1498
+ deletes <code>a.jpg_original</code> if it exists, after asking &quot;Are you sure?&quot;:</p>
1499
+ <pre>
1500
+ exiftool -delete_original a.jpg</pre>
1501
+ <p>These options may not be used with other options to read or write tag values
1502
+ in the same command, but may be combined with options such <strong>-ext</strong>, <strong>-if</strong>,
1503
+ <strong>-r</strong>, <strong>-q</strong> and <strong>-v</strong>.</p>
1504
+ </dd>
1505
+ </dl>
1506
+ <p>
1507
+ </p>
1508
+ <h3><a name="other_options">Other options</a></h3>
1509
+ <dl>
1510
+ <dt><strong><a name="argfile" class="item"><strong>-@</strong> <em>ARGFILE</em></a></strong></dt>
1511
+
1512
+ <dd>
1513
+ <p>Read command-line arguments from the specified file. The file contains one
1514
+ argument per line (NOT one option per line -- some options require
1515
+ additional arguments, and all arguments must be placed on separate lines).
1516
+ Blank lines and lines beginning with <code>#</code> and are ignored. Normal shell
1517
+ processing of arguments is not performed, which among other things means
1518
+ that arguments should not be quoted and spaces are treated as any other
1519
+ character. <em>ARGFILE</em> may exist relative to either the current directory or
1520
+ the exiftool directory unless an absolute pathname is given.</p>
1521
+ <p>For example, the following <em>ARGFILE</em> will set the value of Copyright to
1522
+ &quot;Copyright YYYY, Phil Harvey&quot;, where &quot;YYYY&quot; is the year of CreateDate:</p>
1523
+ <pre>
1524
+ -d
1525
+ %Y
1526
+ -copyright&lt;Copyright $createdate, Phil Harvey</pre>
1527
+ </dd>
1528
+ <dt><strong><a name="k" class="item"><strong>-k</strong> (<strong>-pause</strong>)</a></strong></dt>
1529
+
1530
+ <dd>
1531
+ <p>Pause with the message <code>-- press any key --</code> or <code>-- press RETURN --</code>
1532
+ (depending on your system) before terminating. This option is used to
1533
+ prevent the command window from closing when run as a Windows drag and drop
1534
+ application.</p>
1535
+ </dd>
1536
+ <dt><strong><a name="list_listw_listf_listr_listwf_listg_num_listd_listx" class="item"><strong>-list</strong>, <strong>-listw</strong>, <strong>-listf</strong>, <strong>-listr</strong>, <strong>-listwf</strong>,
1537
+ <strong>-listg</strong>[<em>NUM</em>], <strong>-listd</strong>, <strong>-listx</strong></a></strong></dt>
1538
+
1539
+ <dd>
1540
+ <p>Print a list of all valid tag names (<strong>-list</strong>), all writable tag names
1541
+ (<strong>-listw</strong>), all supported file extensions (<strong>-listff</strong>), all recognized file
1542
+ extensions (<strong>-listr</strong>), all writable file extensions (<strong>-listwf</strong>), all tag
1543
+ groups [in a specified family] (<strong>-listg</strong>[<em>NUM</em>]), all deletable tag groups
1544
+ (<strong>-listd</strong>), or an XML database of tag details including language
1545
+ translations (<strong>-listx</strong>). The <strong>-list</strong>, <strong>-listw</strong> and <strong>-listx</strong> options may
1546
+ be followed by an additional argument of the form <code>-GROUP:All</code> to list only
1547
+ tags in a specific group, where <code>GROUP</code> is one or more family 0-2 group
1548
+ names (excepting EXIF IFD groups) separated by colons. With <strong>-listg</strong>,
1549
+ <em>NUM</em> may be given to specify the group family, otherwise family 0 is
1550
+ assumed. Here are some examples:</p>
1551
+ <pre>
1552
+ -list # list all tag names
1553
+ -list -EXIF:All # list all EXIF tags
1554
+ -list -xmp:time:all # list all XMP tags relating to time
1555
+ -listw -XMP-dc:All # list all writable XMP-dc tags
1556
+ -listf # list all supported file extensions
1557
+ -listr # list all recognized file extensions
1558
+ -listwf # list all writable file extensions
1559
+ -listg1 # list all groups in family 1
1560
+ -listd # list all deletable groups
1561
+ -listx -EXIF:All # list database of EXIF tags in XML format
1562
+ -listx -XMP:All -s # list short XML database of XMP tags</pre>
1563
+ <p>When combined with <strong>-listx</strong>, the <strong>-s</strong> option shortens the output by
1564
+ omitting the descriptions and values (as in the last example above), and
1565
+ <strong>-f</strong> adds a 'flags' attribute if applicable. The flags are formatted as a
1566
+ comma-separated list of the following possible values: Avoid, Binary, List,
1567
+ Mandatory, Permanent, Protected, Unknown and Unsafe (see the <a href="TagNames/index.html">Tag Name documentation</a>). For XMP List tags, the list type
1568
+ (Alt, Bag or Seq) is added to the flags, and flattened structure tags are
1569
+ indicated by a Flattened flag.</p>
1570
+ <p>Note that none of the <strong>-list</strong> options require an input <em>FILE</em>.</p>
1571
+ </dd>
1572
+ <dt><strong><a name="ver" class="item"><strong>-ver</strong></a></strong></dt>
1573
+
1574
+ <dd>
1575
+ <p>Print exiftool version number.</p>
1576
+ </dd>
1577
+ </dl>
1578
+ <p>
1579
+ </p>
1580
+ <h3><a name="advanced_options">Advanced options</a></h3>
1581
+ <p>Among other things, the advanced options allow complex processing to be
1582
+ performed from a single command without the need for additional scripting.
1583
+ This may be particularly useful for implementations such as Windows
1584
+ drag-and-drop applications. These options may also be used to improve
1585
+ performance in multi-pass processing by reducing the overhead required to
1586
+ load exiftool for each invocation.</p>
1587
+ <dl>
1588
+ <dt><strong><a name="common_args" class="item"><strong>-common_args</strong></a></strong></dt>
1589
+
1590
+ <dd>
1591
+ <p>Specifies that all arguments following this option are common to all
1592
+ executed commands when <strong>-execute</strong> is used. This and the <strong>-config</strong> option
1593
+ are the only options that may not be used inside a <strong>-@</strong> <em>ARGFILE</em>. Note
1594
+ that by definition this option and its arguments MUST come after all other
1595
+ options on the command line.</p>
1596
+ </dd>
1597
+ <dt><strong><a name="config_cfgfile" class="item"><strong>-config</strong> <em>CFGFILE</em></a></strong></dt>
1598
+
1599
+ <dd>
1600
+ <p>Load specified configuration file instead of the default &quot;.ExifTool_config&quot;.
1601
+ If used, this option must come before all other arguments on the command
1602
+ line. The <em>CFGFILE</em> name may contain a directory specification (otherwise
1603
+ the file must exist in the current directory), or may be set to an empty
1604
+ string (&quot;&quot;) to disable loading of the config file. See the sample
1605
+ configuration file and &quot;config.html&quot; in the full ExifTool distribution for
1606
+ more information about the ExifTool configuration file.</p>
1607
+ </dd>
1608
+ <dt><strong><a name="echo_num_text" class="item"><strong>-echo</strong>[<em>NUM</em>] <em>TEXT</em></a></strong></dt>
1609
+
1610
+ <dd>
1611
+ <p>Echo text to stdout (<strong>-echo</strong> or <strong>-echo1</strong>) or stderr (<strong>-echo2</strong>). Text is
1612
+ output as the command line is parsed, before the processing of any input
1613
+ files. <em>NUM</em> may also be 3 or 4 to output text (to stdout or stderr
1614
+ respectively) after processing is complete.</p>
1615
+ </dd>
1616
+ <dt><strong><a name="execute_num" class="item"><strong>-execute</strong>[<em>NUM</em>]</a></strong></dt>
1617
+
1618
+ <dd>
1619
+ <p>Execute command for all arguments up to this point on the command line.
1620
+ Allows multiple commands to be executed from a single command line. <em>NUM</em>
1621
+ is an optional number that is echoed in the &quot;{ready}&quot; message when using the
1622
+ <strong>-stay_open</strong> feature.</p>
1623
+ </dd>
1624
+ <dt><strong><a name="srcfile_fmt" class="item"><strong>-srcfile</strong> <em>FMT</em></a></strong></dt>
1625
+
1626
+ <dd>
1627
+ <p>Specify a different source file to be processed based on the name of the
1628
+ original <em>FILE</em>. This may be useful in some special situations for
1629
+ processing related preview images or sidecar files. See the <strong>-w</strong> option
1630
+ for a description of the <em>FMT</em> syntax. Note that file name <em>FMT</em> strings
1631
+ for all options are based on the original <em>FILE</em> specified from the command
1632
+ line, not the name of the source file specified by <strong>-srcfile</strong>.</p>
1633
+ <p>If than one <strong>-srcfile</strong> option is specified, the files are tested in order
1634
+ and the first existing source file is processed. If none of the source
1635
+ files already exist, then exiftool uses the first <strong>-srcfile</strong> specified.</p>
1636
+ <p>A <em>FMT</em> of <code>@</code> may be used to represent the original <em>FILE</em>, which may be
1637
+ useful when specifying multiple <strong>-srcfile</strong> options (ie. to fall back to
1638
+ processing the original <em>FILE</em> if no sidecar exists).</p>
1639
+ </dd>
1640
+ <dt><strong><a name="stay_open_flag" class="item"><strong>-stay_open</strong> <em>FLAG</em></a></strong></dt>
1641
+
1642
+ <dd>
1643
+ <p>If <em>FLAG</em> is <code>1</code> or <code>True</code>, causes exiftool keep reading from the <strong>-@</strong>
1644
+ <em>ARGFILE</em> even after reaching the end of file. This feature allows calling
1645
+ applications to pre-load exiftool, thus avoiding the overhead of loading
1646
+ exiftool for each command. The procedure is as follows:</p>
1647
+ <p>1) Execute <code>exiftool -stay_open True -@ ARGFILE</code>, where <em>ARGFILE</em> is the
1648
+ name of an existing (possibly empty) argument file or <code>-</code> to pipe arguments
1649
+ from the standard input.</p>
1650
+ <p>2) Write exiftool command-line arguments to <em>ARGFILE</em>, one argument per
1651
+ line (see the <strong>-@</strong> option for details).</p>
1652
+ <p>3) Write <code>-execute\n</code> to <em>ARGFILE</em>, where <a href="#n"><code>\n</code></a> represents a newline
1653
+ sequence. (Note: You may need to flush your write buffers here if using
1654
+ buffered output.) Exiftool will then execute the command with the arguments
1655
+ received up to this point, send a &quot;{ready}&quot; message to stdout when done
1656
+ (unless the <strong>-q</strong> or <strong>-T</strong> option is used), and continue trying to read
1657
+ arguments for the next command from <em>ARGFILE</em>. To aid in command/response
1658
+ synchronization, any number appended to the <code>-execute</code> option is echoed in
1659
+ the &quot;{ready}&quot; message. For example, <code>-execute613</code> results in &quot;{ready613}&quot;.</p>
1660
+ <p>4) Repeat steps 2 and 3 for each command.</p>
1661
+ <p>5) Write <code>-stay_open\nFalse\n</code> to <em>ARGFILE</em> when done. This will cause
1662
+ exiftool to process any remaining command-line arguments then exit normally.</p>
1663
+ <p>The input <em>ARGFILE</em> may be changed at any time before step 5 above by
1664
+ writing the following lines to the currently open <em>ARGFILE</em>:</p>
1665
+ <pre>
1666
+ -stay_open
1667
+ True
1668
+ -@
1669
+ NEWARGFILE</pre>
1670
+ <p>This causes <em>ARGFILE</em> to be closed, and <em>NEWARGFILE</em> to be kept open.
1671
+ (Without the <strong>-stay_open</strong> here, exiftool would have returned to reading
1672
+ arguments from <em>ARGFILE</em> after reaching the end of <em>NEWARGFILE</em>.)</p>
1673
+ <p>Note: When writing arguments to a disk file there is a delay of up to 0.01
1674
+ seconds after writing <code>-execute\n</code> before exiftool starts processing the
1675
+ command. This delay may be avoided by sending a CONT signal to the exiftool
1676
+ process immediately after writing <code>-execute\n</code>. (There is no associated
1677
+ delay when writing arguments via a pipe with <code>-@ -</code>, so the signal is not
1678
+ necessary when using this technique.)</p>
1679
+ </dd>
1680
+ </dl>
1681
+ <p>
1682
+ </p>
1683
+ <hr />
1684
+ <h1><a name="reading_examples">READING EXAMPLES</a></h1>
1685
+ <p><strong>Note</strong>: Beware when cutting and pasting these examples into your terminal!
1686
+ Some characters such as single and double quotes and hyphens may have been
1687
+ changed into similar-looking yet functionally-different characters by the
1688
+ text formatter used to display this documentation. Also note that Windows
1689
+ users must use double quotes instead of single quotes as below around
1690
+ arguments containing special characters.</p>
1691
+ <dl>
1692
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_a_u_g1_a_jpg" class="item">exiftool -a -u -g1 a.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1693
+
1694
+ <dd>
1695
+ <p>Print all meta information in an image, including duplicate and unknown
1696
+ tags, sorted by group (for family 1).</p>
1697
+ </dd>
1698
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_common_dir" class="item">exiftool -common dir</a></strong></dt>
1699
+
1700
+ <dd>
1701
+ <p>Print common meta information for all images in <code>dir</code>.</p>
1702
+ </dd>
1703
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_t_createdate_aperture_shutterspeed_iso_dir_out_txt" class="item">exiftool -T -createdate -aperture -shutterspeed -iso dir &gt; out.txt</a></strong></dt>
1704
+
1705
+ <dd>
1706
+ <p>List specified meta information in tab-delimited column form for all images
1707
+ in <code>dir</code> to an output text file named &quot;out.txt&quot;.</p>
1708
+ </dd>
1709
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_s_imagesize_exposuretime_b_jpg" class="item">exiftool -s -ImageSize -ExposureTime b.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1710
+
1711
+ <dd>
1712
+ <p>Print ImageSize and ExposureTime tag names and values.</p>
1713
+ </dd>
1714
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_l_canon_c_jpg_d_jpg" class="item">exiftool -l -canon c.jpg d.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1715
+
1716
+ <dd>
1717
+ <p>Print standard Canon information from two image files.</p>
1718
+ </dd>
1719
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_r_w_txt_common_pictures" class="item">exiftool -r -w .txt -common pictures</a></strong></dt>
1720
+
1721
+ <dd>
1722
+ <p>Recursively extract common meta information from files in <code>pictures</code>
1723
+ directory, writing text output to <code>.txt</code> files with the same names.</p>
1724
+ </dd>
1725
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_b_thumbnailimage_image_jpg_thumbnail_jpg" class="item">exiftool -b -ThumbnailImage image.jpg &gt; thumbnail.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1726
+
1727
+ <dd>
1728
+ <p>Save thumbnail image from <code>image.jpg</code> to a file called <code>thumbnail.jpg</code>.</p>
1729
+ </dd>
1730
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_b_jpgfromraw_w_jfr_jpg_ext_nef_r" class="item">exiftool -b -JpgFromRaw -w _JFR.JPG -ext NEF -r .</a></strong></dt>
1731
+
1732
+ <dd>
1733
+ <p>Recursively extract JPG image from all Nikon NEF files in the current
1734
+ directory, adding <code>_JFR.JPG</code> for the name of the output JPG files.</p>
1735
+ </dd>
1736
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_d_r_a_b_e_y_datetimeoriginal_s_s_ext_jpg" class="item">exiftool -d '%r %a, %B %e, %Y' -DateTimeOriginal -S -s -ext jpg .</a></strong></dt>
1737
+
1738
+ <dd>
1739
+ <p>Print formatted date/time for all JPG files in the current directory.</p>
1740
+ </dd>
1741
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_ifd1_xresolution_ifd1_yresolution_image_jpg" class="item">exiftool -IFD1:XResolution -IFD1:YResolution image.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1742
+
1743
+ <dd>
1744
+ <p>Extract image resolution from EXIF IFD1 information (thumbnail image IFD).</p>
1745
+ </dd>
1746
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_resolution_image_jpg" class="item">exiftool '-*resolution*' image.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1747
+
1748
+ <dd>
1749
+ <p>Extract all tags with names containing the word &quot;Resolution&quot; from an image.</p>
1750
+ </dd>
1751
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_xmp_author_all_a_image_jpg" class="item">exiftool -xmp:author:all -a image.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1752
+
1753
+ <dd>
1754
+ <p>Extract all author-related XMP information from an image.</p>
1755
+ </dd>
1756
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_xmp_b_a_jpg_out_xmp" class="item">exiftool -xmp -b a.jpg &gt; out.xmp</a></strong></dt>
1757
+
1758
+ <dd>
1759
+ <p>Extract complete XMP data record intact from <code>a.jpg</code> and write it to
1760
+ <code>out.xmp</code> using the special <code>XMP</code> tag (see the Extra tags in
1761
+ <a href="TagNames/index.html">Image::ExifTool::TagNames</a>).</p>
1762
+ </dd>
1763
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_p_filename_has_date_datetimeoriginal_q_f_dir" class="item">exiftool -p '$filename has date $dateTimeOriginal' -q -f dir</a></strong></dt>
1764
+
1765
+ <dd>
1766
+ <p>Print one line of output containing the file name and DateTimeOriginal for
1767
+ each image in directory <code>dir</code>.</p>
1768
+ </dd>
1769
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_ee_p_gpslatitude_gpslongitude_gpstimestamp_a_m2ts" class="item">exiftool -ee -p '$gpslatitude, $gpslongitude, $gpstimestamp' a.m2ts</a></strong></dt>
1770
+
1771
+ <dd>
1772
+ <p>Extract all GPS positions from an AVCHD video.</p>
1773
+ </dd>
1774
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_icc_profile_b_w_icc_image_jpg" class="item">exiftool -icc_profile -b -w icc image.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1775
+
1776
+ <dd>
1777
+ <p>Save complete ICC_Profile from an image to an output file with the same name
1778
+ and an extension of <code>.icc</code>.</p>
1779
+ </dd>
1780
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_htmldump_w_tmp_f_e_html_t_images" class="item">exiftool -htmldump -w tmp/%f_%e.html t/images</a></strong></dt>
1781
+
1782
+ <dd>
1783
+ <p>Generate HTML pages from a hex dump of EXIF information in all images from
1784
+ the <code>t/images</code> directory. The output HTML files are written to the <code>tmp</code>
1785
+ directory (which is created if it didn't exist), with names of the form
1786
+ 'FILENAME_EXT.html'.</p>
1787
+ </dd>
1788
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_a_b_ee_embeddedimage_w_image_3g3_s_file_pdf" class="item">exiftool -a -b -ee -embeddedimage -W Image_%.3g3.%s file.pdf</a></strong></dt>
1789
+
1790
+ <dd>
1791
+ <p>Extract embedded JPG and JP2 images from a PDF file. The output images will
1792
+ have file names like &quot;Image_#.jpg&quot; or &quot;Image_#.jp2&quot;, where &quot;#&quot; is the
1793
+ ExifTool family 3 embedded document number for the image.</p>
1794
+ </dd>
1795
+ </dl>
1796
+ <p>
1797
+ </p>
1798
+ <hr />
1799
+ <h1><a name="writing_examples">WRITING EXAMPLES</a></h1>
1800
+ <p>Note that quotes are necessary around arguments which contain certain
1801
+ special characters such as <code>&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;</code> or any white space. These
1802
+ quoting techniques are shell dependent, but the examples below will work for
1803
+ most Unix shells. With the Windows cmd shell however, double quotes should
1804
+ be used (ie. -Comment=&#34;This is a new comment&#34;).</p>
1805
+ <dl>
1806
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_comment_this_is_a_new_comment_dst_jpg" class="item">exiftool -Comment='This is a new comment' dst.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1807
+
1808
+ <dd>
1809
+ <p>Write new comment to a JPG image (replaces any existing comment).</p>
1810
+ </dd>
1811
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_comment_o_newdir_ext_jpg" class="item">exiftool -comment= -o newdir -ext jpg .</a></strong></dt>
1812
+
1813
+ <dd>
1814
+ <p>Remove comment from all JPG images in the current directory, writing the
1815
+ modified images to a new directory.</p>
1816
+ </dd>
1817
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_keywords_exif_keywords_editor_dst_jpg" class="item">exiftool -keywords=EXIF -keywords=editor dst.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1818
+
1819
+ <dd>
1820
+ <p>Replace existing keyword list with two new keywords (<code>EXIF</code> and <code>editor</code>).</p>
1821
+ </dd>
1822
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_keywords_word_o_newfile_jpg_src_jpg" class="item">exiftool -Keywords+=word -o newfile.jpg src.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1823
+
1824
+ <dd>
1825
+ <p>Copy a source image to a new file, and add a keyword (<code>word</code>) to the
1826
+ current list of keywords.</p>
1827
+ </dd>
1828
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_exposurecompensation_0_5_a_jpg" class="item">exiftool -exposurecompensation+=-0.5 a.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1829
+
1830
+ <dd>
1831
+ <p>Decrement the value of ExposureCompensation by 0.5 EV. Note that += with a
1832
+ negative value is used for decrementing because the -= operator is used for
1833
+ conditional deletion (see next example).</p>
1834
+ </dd>
1835
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_credit_xxx_dir" class="item">exiftool -credit-=xxx dir</a></strong></dt>
1836
+
1837
+ <dd>
1838
+ <p>Delete Credit information from all files in a directory where the Credit
1839
+ value was (<code>xxx</code>).</p>
1840
+ </dd>
1841
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_xmp_description_de_k_uuml_hl_e_dst_jpg" class="item">exiftool -xmp:description-de='k&amp;uuml;hl' -E dst.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1842
+
1843
+ <dd>
1844
+ <p>Write alternate language for XMP:Description, using HTML character escaping
1845
+ to input special characters.</p>
1846
+ </dd>
1847
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_all_dst_jpg" class="item">exiftool -all= dst.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1848
+
1849
+ <dd>
1850
+ <p>Delete all meta information from an image. Note: You should NOT do this to
1851
+ RAW images (except DNG) since proprietary RAW image formats often contain
1852
+ information in the makernotes that is necessary for converting the image.</p>
1853
+ </dd>
1854
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_all_comment_lonely_dst_jpg" class="item">exiftool -all= -comment='lonely' dst.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1855
+
1856
+ <dd>
1857
+ <p>Delete all meta information from an image and add a comment back in. (Note
1858
+ that the order is important: <code>-comment='lonely' -all=</code> would also delete
1859
+ the new comment.)</p>
1860
+ </dd>
1861
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_all_jfif_all_dst_jpg" class="item">exiftool -all= --jfif:all dst.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1862
+
1863
+ <dd>
1864
+ <p>Delete all meta information except JFIF group from an image.</p>
1865
+ </dd>
1866
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_photoshop_all_dst_jpg" class="item">exiftool -Photoshop:All= dst.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1867
+
1868
+ <dd>
1869
+ <p>Delete Photoshop meta information from an image (note that the Photoshop
1870
+ information also includes IPTC).</p>
1871
+ </dd>
1872
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_r_xmp_crss_all_dir" class="item">exiftool -r -XMP-crss:all= DIR</a></strong></dt>
1873
+
1874
+ <dd>
1875
+ <p>Recursively delete all XMP-crss information from images in a directory.</p>
1876
+ </dd>
1877
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_thumbnailimage_thumb_jpg_dst_jpg" class="item">exiftool '-ThumbnailImage&lt;=thumb.jpg' dst.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1878
+
1879
+ <dd>
1880
+ <p>Set the thumbnail image from specified file (Note: The quotes are necessary
1881
+ to prevent shell redirection).</p>
1882
+ </dd>
1883
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_jpgfromraw_d_f_jfr_jpg_ext_nef_r" class="item">exiftool '-JpgFromRaw&lt;=%d%f_JFR.JPG' -ext NEF -r .</a></strong></dt>
1884
+
1885
+ <dd>
1886
+ <p>Recursively write JPEG images with filenames ending in <code>_JFR.JPG</code> to the
1887
+ JpgFromRaw tag of like-named files with extension <code>.NEF</code> in the current
1888
+ directory. (This is the inverse of the <code>-JpgFromRaw</code> command of the
1889
+ <a href="#reading_examples">READING EXAMPLES</a> section above.)</p>
1890
+ </dd>
1891
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_datetimeoriginal_0_0_0_1_30_0_dir" class="item">exiftool -DateTimeOriginal-='0:0:0 1:30:0' dir</a></strong></dt>
1892
+
1893
+ <dd>
1894
+ <p>Adjust original date/time of all images in directory <code>dir</code> by subtracting
1895
+ one hour and 30 minutes. (This is equivalent to <code>-DateTimeOriginal-=1.5</code>.
1896
+ See <a href="Shift.html">Image::ExifTool::Shift.pl</a> for details.)</p>
1897
+ </dd>
1898
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_createdate_3_modifydate_3_a_jpg_b_jpg" class="item">exiftool -createdate+=3 -modifydate+=3 a.jpg b.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1899
+
1900
+ <dd>
1901
+ <p>Add 3 hours to the CreateDate and ModifyDate timestamps of two images.</p>
1902
+ </dd>
1903
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_alldates_1_30_if_make_eq_canon_dir" class="item">exiftool -AllDates+=1:30 -if '$make eq &#34;Canon&#34;' dir</a></strong></dt>
1904
+
1905
+ <dd>
1906
+ <p>Shift the values of DateTimeOriginal, CreateDate and ModifyDate forward by 1
1907
+ hour and 30 minutes for all Canon images in a directory. (The AllDates tag
1908
+ is provided as a shortcut for these three tags, allowing them to be accessed
1909
+ via a single tag.)</p>
1910
+ </dd>
1911
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_xmp_city_kingston_image1_jpg_image2_nef" class="item">exiftool -xmp:city=Kingston image1.jpg image2.nef</a></strong></dt>
1912
+
1913
+ <dd>
1914
+ <p>Write a tag to the XMP group of two images. (Without the <code>xmp:</code> this tag
1915
+ would get written to the IPTC group since <code>City</code> exists in both, and IPTC
1916
+ is preferred by default.)</p>
1917
+ </dd>
1918
+ <dt><strong><a name="unknown" class="item">exiftool -LightSource-='Unknown (0)' dst.tiff</a></strong></dt>
1919
+
1920
+ <dd>
1921
+ <p>Delete <code>LightSource</code> tag only if it is unknown with a value of 0.</p>
1922
+ </dd>
1923
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_whitebalance_auto_whitebalance_tung_dst_jpg" class="item">exiftool -whitebalance-=auto -WhiteBalance=tung dst.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1924
+
1925
+ <dd>
1926
+ <p>Set <code>WhiteBalance</code> to <code>Tungsten</code> only if it was previously <code>Auto</code>.</p>
1927
+ </dd>
1928
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_comment_comment_new_comment_a_jpg" class="item">exiftool -comment-= -comment='new comment' a.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1929
+
1930
+ <dd>
1931
+ <p>Write a new comment only if the image doesn't have one already.</p>
1932
+ </dd>
1933
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_o_d_f_xmp_dir" class="item">exiftool -o %d%f.xmp dir</a></strong></dt>
1934
+
1935
+ <dd>
1936
+ <p>Create XMP meta information data files for all images in <code>dir</code>.</p>
1937
+ </dd>
1938
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_o_test_xmp_owner_phil_title_xmp_file" class="item">exiftool -o test.xmp -owner=Phil -title='XMP File'</a></strong></dt>
1939
+
1940
+ <dd>
1941
+ <p>Create an XMP data file only from tags defined on the command line.</p>
1942
+ </dd>
1943
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_icc_profile_d_f_icc_image_jpg" class="item">exiftool '-ICC_Profile&lt;=%d%f.icc' image.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1944
+
1945
+ <dd>
1946
+ <p>Write ICC_Profile to an image from a <code>.icc</code> file of the same name.</p>
1947
+ </dd>
1948
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_hierarchicalkeywords_keyword_one_children_keyword_b" class="item">exiftool -hierarchicalkeywords='{keyword=one,children={keyword=B}}'</a></strong></dt>
1949
+
1950
+ <dd>
1951
+ <p>Write structured XMP information. See
1952
+ <a href="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/struct.html">http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/struct.html</a> for more details.</p>
1953
+ </dd>
1954
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_trailer_all_image_jpg" class="item">exiftool -trailer:all= image.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1955
+
1956
+ <dd>
1957
+ <p>Delete any trailer found after the end of image (EOI) in a JPEG file. A
1958
+ number of digital cameras store a large PreviewImage after the JPEG EOI, and
1959
+ the file size may be reduced significantly by deleting this trailer. See
1960
+ the <a href="TagNames/JPEG.html">JPEG Tags documentation</a> for a
1961
+ list of recognized JPEG trailers.</p>
1962
+ </dd>
1963
+ </dl>
1964
+ <p>
1965
+ </p>
1966
+ <hr />
1967
+ <h1><a name="copying_examples">COPYING EXAMPLES</a></h1>
1968
+ <p>These examples demonstrate the ability to copy tag values between files.</p>
1969
+ <dl>
1970
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_tagsfromfile_src_cr2_dst_jpg" class="item">exiftool -tagsFromFile src.cr2 dst.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1971
+
1972
+ <dd>
1973
+ <p>Copy the values of all writable tags from <code>src.cr2</code> to <code>dst.jpg</code>, writing
1974
+ the information to same-named tags in the preferred groups.</p>
1975
+ </dd>
1976
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_tagsfromfile_src_jpg_all_all_dst_jpg" class="item">exiftool -TagsFromFile src.jpg -all:all dst.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1977
+
1978
+ <dd>
1979
+ <p>Copy the values of all writable tags from <code>src.jpg</code> to <code>dst.jpg</code>,
1980
+ preserving the original tag groups.</p>
1981
+ </dd>
1982
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_all_tagsfromfile_src_jpg_exif_all_dst_jpg" class="item">exiftool -all= -tagsfromfile src.jpg -exif:all dst.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1983
+
1984
+ <dd>
1985
+ <p>Erase all meta information from <code>dst.jpg</code> image, then copy EXIF tags from
1986
+ <code>src.jpg</code>.</p>
1987
+ </dd>
1988
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_exif_all_tagsfromfile_all_all_unsafe_bad_jpg" class="item">exiftool -exif:all= -tagsfromfile @ -all:all -unsafe bad.jpg</a></strong></dt>
1989
+
1990
+ <dd>
1991
+ <p>Rebuild all EXIF meta information from scratch in an image. This technique
1992
+ can be used in JPEG images to repair corrupted EXIF information which
1993
+ otherwise could not be written due to errors. The <code>Unsafe</code> tag is a
1994
+ shortcut for unsafe EXIF tags in JPEG images which are not normally copied.
1995
+ See the <a href="TagNames/index.html">tag name documentation</a> for more details
1996
+ about unsafe tags.</p>
1997
+ </dd>
1998
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_tagsfromfile_a_jpg_out_xmp" class="item">exiftool -Tagsfromfile a.jpg out.xmp</a></strong></dt>
1999
+
2000
+ <dd>
2001
+ <p>Copy meta information from <code>a.jpg</code> to an XMP data file. If the XMP data
2002
+ file <code>out.xmp</code> already exists, it will be updated with the new information.
2003
+ Otherwise the XMP data file will be created. Only XMP, ICC and MIE files
2004
+ may be created like this (other file types may be edited but not created).
2005
+ See <a href="#writing_examples">WRITING EXAMPLES</a> above for another technique to generate XMP files.</p>
2006
+ </dd>
2007
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_tagsfromfile_a_jpg_xmp_all_thumbnailimage_m_b_jpg" class="item">exiftool -tagsFromFile a.jpg -XMP:All= -ThumbnailImage= -m b.jpg</a></strong></dt>
2008
+
2009
+ <dd>
2010
+ <p>Copy all meta information from <code>a.jpg</code> to <code>b.jpg</code>, deleting all XMP
2011
+ information and the thumbnail image from the destination.</p>
2012
+ </dd>
2013
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_tagsfromfile_src_jpg_title_author_phil_dst_jpg" class="item">exiftool -TagsFromFile src.jpg -title -author=Phil dst.jpg</a></strong></dt>
2014
+
2015
+ <dd>
2016
+ <p>Copy title from one image to another and set a new author name.</p>
2017
+ </dd>
2018
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_tagsfromfile_a_jpg_iso_tagsfromfile_b_jpg_comment_dst_jpg" class="item">exiftool -TagsFromFile a.jpg -ISO -TagsFromFile b.jpg -comment
2019
+ dst.jpg</a></strong></dt>
2020
+
2021
+ <dd>
2022
+ <p>Copy ISO from one image and Comment from another image to a destination
2023
+ image.</p>
2024
+ </dd>
2025
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_tagsfromfile_src_jpg_exif_all_subifd_all_dst_jpg" class="item">exiftool -tagsfromfile src.jpg -exif:all --subifd:all dst.jpg</a></strong></dt>
2026
+
2027
+ <dd>
2028
+ <p>Copy only the EXIF information from one image to another, excluding SubIFD
2029
+ tags.</p>
2030
+ </dd>
2031
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_filemodifydate_datetimeoriginal_dir" class="item">exiftool '-FileModifyDate&lt;DateTimeOriginal' dir</a></strong></dt>
2032
+
2033
+ <dd>
2034
+ <p>Use the original date from the meta information to set the same file's
2035
+ filesystem modification date for all images in a directory. (Note that
2036
+ <code>-TagsFromFile @</code> is assumed if no other <strong>-TagsFromFile</strong> is specified when
2037
+ redirecting information as in this example.)</p>
2038
+ </dd>
2039
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_tagsfromfile_src_jpg_xmp_all_all_dst_jpg" class="item">exiftool -TagsFromFile src.jpg '-xmp:all&lt;all' dst.jpg</a></strong></dt>
2040
+
2041
+ <dd>
2042
+ <p>Copy all possible information from <code>src.jpg</code> and write in XMP format to
2043
+ <code>dst.jpg</code>.</p>
2044
+ </dd>
2045
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_iptc2xmp_args_iptc_all_a_jpg" class="item">exiftool -@ iptc2xmp.args -iptc:all= a.jpg</a></strong></dt>
2046
+
2047
+ <dd>
2048
+ <p>Translate IPTC information to XMP with appropriate tag name conversions, and
2049
+ delete the original IPTC information from an image. This example uses
2050
+ iptc2xmp.args, which is a file included with the ExifTool distribution that
2051
+ contains the required arguments to convert IPTC information to XMP format.
2052
+ Also included with the distribution are xmp2iptc.args (which performs the
2053
+ inverse conversion) and a few more .args files for other conversions between
2054
+ EXIF, IPTC and XMP.</p>
2055
+ </dd>
2056
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_tagsfromfile_d_f_cr2_r_ext_jpg_dir" class="item">exiftool -tagsfromfile %d%f.CR2 -r -ext JPG dir</a></strong></dt>
2057
+
2058
+ <dd>
2059
+ <p>Recursively rewrite all <code>JPG</code> images in <code>dir</code> with information copied from
2060
+ the corresponding <code>CR2</code> images in the same directories.</p>
2061
+ </dd>
2062
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_keywords_make_image_jpg" class="item">exiftool '-keywords+&lt;make' image.jpg</a></strong></dt>
2063
+
2064
+ <dd>
2065
+ <p>Add camera make to list of keywords.</p>
2066
+ </dd>
2067
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_comment_iso_exif_iso_exposure_shutterspeed_dir" class="item">exiftool '-comment&lt;ISO=$exif:iso Exposure=${shutterspeed}' dir</a></strong></dt>
2068
+
2069
+ <dd>
2070
+ <p>Set the Comment tag of all images in <code>dir</code> from the values of the EXIF:ISO
2071
+ and ShutterSpeed tags. The resulting comment will be in the form &quot;ISO=100
2072
+ Exposure=1/60&quot;.</p>
2073
+ </dd>
2074
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_tagsfromfile_src_jpg_icc_profile_dst_jpg" class="item">exiftool -TagsFromFile src.jpg -icc_profile dst.jpg</a></strong></dt>
2075
+
2076
+ <dd>
2077
+ <p>Copy ICC_Profile from one image to another.</p>
2078
+ </dd>
2079
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_tagsfromfile_src_jpg_all_all_dst_mie" class="item">exiftool -TagsFromFile src.jpg -all:all dst.mie</a></strong></dt>
2080
+
2081
+ <dd>
2082
+ <p>Copy all meta information in its original form from a JPEG image to a MIE
2083
+ file. The MIE file will be created if it doesn't exist. This technique can
2084
+ be used to store the metadata of an image so it can be inserted back into
2085
+ the image (with the inverse command) later in a workflow.</p>
2086
+ </dd>
2087
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_o_dst_mie_all_all_src_jpg" class="item">exiftool -o dst.mie -all:all src.jpg</a></strong></dt>
2088
+
2089
+ <dd>
2090
+ <p>This command performs exactly the same task as the command above, except
2091
+ that the <strong>-o</strong> option will not write to an output file that already exists.</p>
2092
+ </dd>
2093
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_if_jpgfromraw_b_jpgfromraw_w_d_f_ue_jpg_execute_if_previewimage_b_previewimage_w_d_f_ue_jpg_execute_tagsfromfile_srcfile_d_f_ue_jpg_overwrite_original_common_args_ext_jpg_dir" class="item">exiftool -if '$jpgfromraw' -b -jpgfromraw -w %d%f_%ue.jpg -execute
2094
+ -if '$previewimage' -b -previewimage -w %d%f_%ue.jpg -execute
2095
+ -tagsfromfile @ -srcfile %d%f_%ue.jpg -overwrite_original
2096
+ -common_args --ext jpg DIR</a></strong></dt>
2097
+
2098
+ <dd>
2099
+ <p>[Advanced] Extract JpgFromRaw or PreviewImage from all but JPG files in DIR,
2100
+ saving them with file names like <code>image_EXT.jpg</code>, then add all meta
2101
+ information from the original files to the extracted images. Here, the
2102
+ command line is broken into three sections (separated by <strong>-execute</strong>
2103
+ options), and each is executed as if it were a separate command. The
2104
+ <strong>-common_args</strong> option causes the <code>--ext jpg DIR</code> arguments to be applied
2105
+ to all three commands, and the <strong>-srcfile</strong> option allows the extracted JPG
2106
+ image to be the source file for the third command (whereas the RAW files are
2107
+ the source files for the other two commands).</p>
2108
+ </dd>
2109
+ </dl>
2110
+ <p>
2111
+ </p>
2112
+ <hr />
2113
+ <h1><a name="renaming_examples">RENAMING EXAMPLES</a></h1>
2114
+ <p>By writing the <code>FileName</code> and <code>Directory</code> tags, files are renamed and/or
2115
+ moved to new directories. This can be particularly useful and powerful for
2116
+ organizing files by date when combined with the <strong>-d</strong> option. New
2117
+ directories are created as necessary, but existing files will not be
2118
+ overwritten. The format codes %d, %f and %e may be used in the new file
2119
+ name to represent the directory, name and extension of the original file,
2120
+ and %c may be used to add a copy number if the file already exists (see the
2121
+ <strong>-w</strong> option for details). Note that if used within a date format string,
2122
+ an extra '%' must be added to pass these codes through the date/time parser.
2123
+ (And further note that in a Windows batch file, all '%' characters must also
2124
+ be escaped, so in this extreme case '%%%%f' is necessary to pass a simple
2125
+ '%f' through the two levels of parsing.) See
2126
+ <a href="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/filename.html">http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/filename.html</a> for additional
2127
+ documentation and examples.</p>
2128
+ <dl>
2129
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_filename_new_jpg_dir_old_jpg" class="item">exiftool -filename=new.jpg dir/old.jpg</a></strong></dt>
2130
+
2131
+ <dd>
2132
+ <p>Rename <code>old.jpg</code> to <code>new.jpg</code> in directory <code>dir</code>.</p>
2133
+ </dd>
2134
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_directory_e_dir" class="item">exiftool -directory=%e dir</a></strong></dt>
2135
+
2136
+ <dd>
2137
+ <p>Move all files from directory <code>dir</code> into directories named by the original
2138
+ file extensions.</p>
2139
+ </dd>
2140
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_directory_datetimeoriginal_d_y_m_d_dir" class="item">exiftool '-Directory&lt;DateTimeOriginal' -d %Y/%m/%d dir</a></strong></dt>
2141
+
2142
+ <dd>
2143
+ <p>Move all files in <code>dir</code> into a directory hierarchy based on year, month and
2144
+ day of <code>DateTimeOriginal</code>. ie) This command would move the file
2145
+ <code>dir/image.jpg</code> with a <code>DateTimeOriginal</code> of <code>2005:10:12 16:05:56</code> to
2146
+ <code>2005/10/12/image.jpg</code>.</p>
2147
+ </dd>
2148
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_o_directory_datetimeoriginal_d_y_m_d_dir" class="item">exiftool -o . '-Directory&lt;DateTimeOriginal' -d %Y/%m/%d dir</a></strong></dt>
2149
+
2150
+ <dd>
2151
+ <p>Same effect as above except files are copied instead of moved.</p>
2152
+ </dd>
2153
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_filename_f_model_e_dir" class="item">exiftool '-filename&lt;%f_${model;}.%e' dir</a></strong></dt>
2154
+
2155
+ <dd>
2156
+ <p>Rename all files in <code>dir</code> by adding the camera model name to the file name.
2157
+ The semicolon after the tag name inside the braces causes characters which
2158
+ are invalid in Windows file names to be deleted from the tag value (see the
2159
+ <strong>-p</strong> option documentation for an explanation).</p>
2160
+ </dd>
2161
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_filename_createdate_d_y_m_d_h_m_s_c_e_dir" class="item">exiftool '-FileName&lt;CreateDate' -d %Y%m%d_%H%M%S%%-c.%%e dir</a></strong></dt>
2162
+
2163
+ <dd>
2164
+ <p>Rename all images in <code>dir</code> according to the <code>CreateDate</code> date and time,
2165
+ adding a copy number with leading '-' if the file already exists (<code>%-c</code>),
2166
+ and preserving the original file extension (<code>%e</code>). Note the extra '%'
2167
+ necessary to escape the filename codes (<code>%c</code> and <code>%e</code>) in the date format
2168
+ string.</p>
2169
+ </dd>
2170
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_r_filename_createdate_d_y_m_d_h_m_f_e_dir" class="item">exiftool -r '-FileName&lt;CreateDate' -d %Y-%m-%d/%H%M_%%f.%%e dir</a></strong></dt>
2171
+
2172
+ <dd>
2173
+ <p>Both the directory and the filename may be changed together via the
2174
+ <code>FileName</code> tag if the new <code>FileName</code> contains a '/'. The example above
2175
+ recursively renames all images in a directory by adding a <code>CreateDate</code>
2176
+ timestamp to the start of the filename, then moves them into new directories
2177
+ named by date.</p>
2178
+ </dd>
2179
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_filename_createdate_filenumber_jpg_d_y_m_d_ext_jpg" class="item">exiftool '-FileName&lt;${CreateDate}_$filenumber.jpg' -d %Y%m%d -ext jpg .</a></strong></dt>
2180
+
2181
+ <dd>
2182
+ <p>Set the filename of all JPG images in the current directory from the
2183
+ CreateDate and FileNumber tags, in the form &quot;20060507_118-1861.jpg&quot;.</p>
2184
+ </dd>
2185
+ </dl>
2186
+ <p>
2187
+ </p>
2188
+ <hr />
2189
+ <h1><a name="geotagging_examples">GEOTAGGING EXAMPLES</a></h1>
2190
+ <p>ExifTool implements geotagging via 3 special tags: Geotag (which for
2191
+ convenience is also implemented as an exiftool option), Geosync and Geotime.
2192
+ The examples below highlight some geotagging features. See
2193
+ <a href="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/geotag.html">http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/geotag.html</a> for additional
2194
+ documentation.</p>
2195
+ <dl>
2196
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_geotag_track_log_a_jpg" class="item">exiftool -geotag track.log a.jpg</a></strong></dt>
2197
+
2198
+ <dd>
2199
+ <p>Geotag an image (<code>a.jpg</code>) from position information in a GPS track log
2200
+ (<code>track.log</code>). Since the <code>Geotime</code> tag is not specified, the value of
2201
+ DateTimeOriginal is used for geotagging. Local system time is assumed
2202
+ unless DateTimeOriginal contains a timezone.</p>
2203
+ </dd>
2204
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_geotag_t_log_geotime_2009_04_02_13_41_12_05_00_a_jpg" class="item">exiftool -geotag t.log -geotime='2009:04:02 13:41:12-05:00' a.jpg</a></strong></dt>
2205
+
2206
+ <dd>
2207
+ <p>Geotag an image with the GPS position for a specific time. (Note that the
2208
+ <code>Geotag</code> tag must be assigned before <code>Geotime</code> for the GPS data to be
2209
+ available when <code>Geotime</code> is set.)</p>
2210
+ </dd>
2211
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_geotag_log_gpx_xmp_geotime_createdate_dir" class="item">exiftool -geotag log.gpx '-xmp:geotime&lt;createdate' dir</a></strong></dt>
2212
+
2213
+ <dd>
2214
+ <p>Geotag all images in directory <code>dir</code> with XMP tags instead of EXIF tags,
2215
+ based on the image CreateDate. (In this case, the order of the arguments
2216
+ doesn't matter because tags with values copied from other tags are always
2217
+ set after constant values.)</p>
2218
+ </dd>
2219
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_geotag_a_log_geosync_20_dir" class="item">exiftool -geotag a.log -geosync=-20 dir</a></strong></dt>
2220
+
2221
+ <dd>
2222
+ <p>Geotag images in directory <code>dir</code>, accounting for image timestamps which
2223
+ were 20 seconds ahead of GPS.</p>
2224
+ </dd>
2225
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_geotag_a_log_geosync_1_jpg_geosync_2_jpg_dir" class="item">exiftool -geotag a.log -geosync=1.jpg -geosync=2.jpg dir</a></strong></dt>
2226
+
2227
+ <dd>
2228
+ <p>Geotag images using time synchronization from two previously geotagged images
2229
+ (1.jpg and 2.jpg), synchronizing the image and GPS times using a linear time
2230
+ drift correction.</p>
2231
+ </dd>
2232
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_geotag_a_log_geotime_createdate_01_00_dir" class="item">exiftool -geotag a.log '-geotime&lt;${createdate}+01:00' dir</a></strong></dt>
2233
+
2234
+ <dd>
2235
+ <p>Geotag images in <code>dir</code> using CreateDate with the specified timezone. If
2236
+ CreateDate already contained a timezone, then the timezone specified on the
2237
+ command line is ignored.</p>
2238
+ </dd>
2239
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_geotag_a_jpg" class="item">exiftool -geotag= a.jpg</a></strong></dt>
2240
+
2241
+ <dd>
2242
+ <p>Delete GPS tags which may have been added by the geotag feature. Note that
2243
+ this does not remove all GPS tags -- to do this instead use <code>-gps:all=</code>.</p>
2244
+ </dd>
2245
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_xmp_geotag_a_jpg" class="item">exiftool -xmp:geotag= a.jpg</a></strong></dt>
2246
+
2247
+ <dd>
2248
+ <p>Delete XMP GPS tags which were added by the geotag feature.</p>
2249
+ </dd>
2250
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_xmp_geotag_track_log_a_jpg" class="item">exiftool -xmp:geotag=track.log a.jpg</a></strong></dt>
2251
+
2252
+ <dd>
2253
+ <p>Geotag an image with XMP tags, using the time from DateTimeOriginal.</p>
2254
+ </dd>
2255
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_geotag_a_log_geotag_b_log_r_dir" class="item">exiftool -geotag a.log -geotag b.log -r dir</a></strong></dt>
2256
+
2257
+ <dd>
2258
+ <p>Combine multiple track logs and geotag an entire directory tree of images.</p>
2259
+ </dd>
2260
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_geotag_tracks_log_r_dir" class="item">exiftool -geotag 'tracks/*.log' -r dir</a></strong></dt>
2261
+
2262
+ <dd>
2263
+ <p>Read all track logs from the <code>tracks</code> directory.</p>
2264
+ </dd>
2265
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_p_gpx_fmt_d_y_m_dt_h_m_sz_dir_out_gpx" class="item">exiftool -p gpx.fmt -d %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ dir &gt; out.gpx</a></strong></dt>
2266
+
2267
+ <dd>
2268
+ <p>Generate a GPX track log from all images in directory <code>dir</code>. This example
2269
+ uses the <code>gpx.fmt</code> file included in the full ExifTool distribution package
2270
+ and assumes that the images in <code>dir</code> have all been previously geotagged.</p>
2271
+ </dd>
2272
+ </dl>
2273
+ <p>
2274
+ </p>
2275
+ <hr />
2276
+ <h1><a name="piping_examples">PIPING EXAMPLES</a></h1>
2277
+ <dl>
2278
+ <dt><strong><a name="cat_a_jpg_exiftool" class="item">cat a.jpg | exiftool -</a></strong></dt>
2279
+
2280
+ <dd>
2281
+ <p>Extract information from stdin.</p>
2282
+ </dd>
2283
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_image_jpg_thumbnailimage_b_exiftool" class="item">exiftool image.jpg -thumbnailimage -b | exiftool -</a></strong></dt>
2284
+
2285
+ <dd>
2286
+ <p>Extract information from an embedded thumbnail image.</p>
2287
+ </dd>
2288
+ <dt><strong><a name="cat_a_jpg_exiftool_iptc_keywords_fantastic_b_jpg" class="item">cat a.jpg | exiftool -iptc:keywords+=fantastic - &gt; b.jpg</a></strong></dt>
2289
+
2290
+ <dd>
2291
+ <p>Add an IPTC keyword in a pipeline, saving output to a new file.</p>
2292
+ </dd>
2293
+ <dt><strong><a name="wget_qo_http_a_domain_com_bigfile_jpg_exiftool_fast" class="item">wget -qO - <a href="http://a.domain.com/bigfile.jpg">http://a.domain.com/bigfile.jpg</a> | exiftool -fast -</a></strong></dt>
2294
+
2295
+ <dd>
2296
+ <p>Extract information from an image over the internet using the GNU wget
2297
+ utility. The <strong>-fast</strong> option prevents exiftool from scanning for trailer
2298
+ information, so only the meta information header is transferred.</p>
2299
+ </dd>
2300
+ <dt><strong><a name="exiftool_a_jpg_thumbnailimage_b_exiftool_comment_wow_exiftool_a_jpg_thumbnailimage" class="item">exiftool a.jpg -thumbnailimage -b | exiftool -comment=wow - |
2301
+ exiftool a.jpg -thumbnailimage'&lt;=-'</a></strong></dt>
2302
+
2303
+ <dd>
2304
+ <p>Add a comment to an embedded thumbnail image. (Why anyone would want to do
2305
+ this I don't know, but I've included this as an example to illustrate the
2306
+ flexibility of ExifTool.)</p>
2307
+ </dd>
2308
+ </dl>
2309
+ <p>
2310
+ </p>
2311
+ <hr />
2312
+ <h1><a name="diagnostics">DIAGNOSTICS</a></h1>
2313
+ <p>The exiftool application exits with a status of 0 on success, or 1 if an
2314
+ error occured or if all files failed the <strong>-if</strong> condition.</p>
2315
+ <p>
2316
+ </p>
2317
+ <hr />
2318
+ <h1><a name="author">AUTHOR</a></h1>
2319
+ <p>Copyright 2003-2013, Phil Harvey</p>
2320
+ <p>This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
2321
+ same terms as Perl itself.</p>
2322
+ <p>
2323
+ </p>
2324
+ <hr />
2325
+ <h1><a name="see_also">SEE ALSO</a></h1>
2326
+ <p><a href="ExifTool.html">Image::ExifTool(3pm)</a>,
2327
+ <a href="TagNames/index.html">Image::ExifTool::TagNames(3pm)</a>,
2328
+ <a href="http://search.cpan.org/dist/Image-ExifTool/lib/Image/ExifTool/Shortcuts.pm">Image::ExifTool::Shortcuts(3pm)</a>,
2329
+ <a href="Shift.html">Image::ExifTool::Shift.pl</a></p>
2330
+ <table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3">
2331
+ <tr><td class="block" style="background-color: #cccccc" valign="middle">
2332
+ <big><strong><span class="block">&nbsp;exiftool Application Documentation</span></strong></big>
2333
+ </td></tr>
2334
+ </table>
2335
+
2336
+ </body>
2337
+
2338
+ </html>