exiftool_vendored 9.33.0

data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.33/lib/Image/ExifTool/Panasonic.pm

@@ -0,0 +1,1995 @@
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# File:         Panasonic.pm
+#
+# Description:  Panasonic/Leica maker notes tags
+#
+# Revisions:    11/10/2004 - P. Harvey Created
+#
+# References:   1) http://www.compton.nu/panasonic.html (based on FZ10)
+#               2) Derived from DMC-FZ3 samples from dpreview.com
+#               3) http://johnst.org/sw/exiftags/
+#               4) Tels (http://bloodgate.com/) private communication (tests with FZ5)
+#               7) http://homepage3.nifty.com/kamisaka/makernote/makernote_pana.htm (2007/10/02)
+#               8) Marcel Coenen private communication (DMC-FZ50)
+#               9) http://forums.dpreview.com/forums/read.asp?forum=1033&message=22756430
+#              10) http://bretteville.com/pdfs/M8Metadata_v2.pdf
+#              11) http://www.digital-leica.com/lens_codes/index.html
+#              12) Joerg - http://www.cpanforum.com/threads/11602 (LX3 firmware 2.0)
+#              13) Michael Byczkowski private communication (Leica M9)
+#              14) Carl Bretteville private communication (M9)
+#              15) Zdenek Mihula private communication (TZ8)
+#              16) Olaf Ulrich private communication
+#              17) http://u88.n24.queensu.ca/exiftool/forum/index.php/topic,4922.0.html
+#              18) Thomas private communication (G6)
+#              JD) Jens Duttke private communication (TZ3,FZ30,FZ50)
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+package Image::ExifTool::Panasonic;
+
+use strict;
+use vars qw($VERSION %leicaLensTypes);
+use Image::ExifTool qw(:DataAccess :Utils);
+use Image::ExifTool::Exif;
+
+$VERSION = '1.74';
+
+sub ProcessPanasonicType2($$$);
+sub WhiteBalanceConv($;$$);
+
+# Leica lens types (ref 10)
+%leicaLensTypes = (
+    OTHER => sub {
+        my ($val, $inv, $conv) = @_;
+        return undef if $inv or not $val =~ s/ .*//;
+        return $$conv{$val};
+    },
+    Notes => q{
+        the LensType value is obtained by splitting the stored value into 2
+        integers:  The stored value divided by 4, and its lower 2 bits.  The second
+        number is used only if necessary to identify certain manually coded lenses
+        on the M9, or the focal length of some multi-focal lenses.
+    },
+    # All M9 codes (two numbers: first the LensID then the lower 2 bits)
+    # are ref PH with samples from ref 13.  From ref 10, the lower 2 bits of
+    # the LensType value give the frame selector position for most lenses,
+    # although for the 28-35-50mm (at least) it gives the focal length selection.
+    # The M9 also gives the focal length selection but for other lenses the
+    # lower 3 bits don't change with frame selector position except for the lens
+    # shows as uncoded for certain lenses and some incorrect positions of the
+    # frame selector.  The bits are zero for uncoded lenses when manually coding
+    # from the menu on the M9. - PH
+    # Frame selector bits (from ref 10, M8):
+    #   1 => '28/90mm frame lines engaged',
+    #   2 => '24/35mm frame lines engaged',
+    #   3 => '50/75mm frame lines engaged',
+    '0 0' => 'Uncoded lens',
+#
+# NOTE: MUST ADD ENTRY TO %frameSelectorBits below when a new lens is added!!!!
+#
+                                            # model number(s):
+    1 => 'Elmarit-M 21mm f/2.8',            # 11134
+    3 => 'Elmarit-M 28mm f/2.8 (III)',      # 11804
+    4 => 'Tele-Elmarit-M 90mm f/2.8 (II)',  # 11800
+    5 => 'Summilux-M 50mm f/1.4 (II)',      # 11868/11856/11114
+    6 => 'Summicron-M 35mm f/2 (IV)',       # 11310/11311
+    '6 0' => 'Summilux-M 35mm f/1.4',       # 11869/11870/11860
+    7 => 'Summicron-M 90mm f/2 (II)',       # 11136/11137
+    9 => 'Elmarit-M 135mm f/2.8 (I/II)',    # 11829
+    '9 0' => 'Apo-Telyt-M 135mm f/3.4',     # 11889
+    16 => 'Tri-Elmar-M 16-18-21mm f/4 ASPH.',# 11626
+    '16 1' => 'Tri-Elmar-M 16-18-21mm f/4 ASPH. (at 16mm)',
+    '16 2' => 'Tri-Elmar-M 16-18-21mm f/4 ASPH. (at 18mm)',
+    '16 3' => 'Tri-Elmar-M 16-18-21mm f/4 ASPH. (at 21mm)',
+    23 => 'Summicron-M 50mm f/2 (III)',     # 11817, version (I) in camera menu
+    24 => 'Elmarit-M 21mm f/2.8 ASPH.',     # 11135/11897
+    25 => 'Elmarit-M 24mm f/2.8 ASPH.',     # 11878/11898
+    26 => 'Summicron-M 28mm f/2 ASPH.',     # 11604
+    27 => 'Elmarit-M 28mm f/2.8 (IV)',      # 11809
+    28 => 'Elmarit-M 28mm f/2.8 ASPH.',     # 11606
+    29 => 'Summilux-M 35mm f/1.4 ASPH.',    # 11874/11883
+    '29 0' => 'Summilux-M 35mm f/1.4 ASPHERICAL', # 11873 (different from "ASPH." model!)
+    30 => 'Summicron-M 35mm f/2 ASPH.',     # 11879/11882
+    31 => 'Noctilux-M 50mm f/1',            # 11821/11822
+    '31 0' => 'Noctilux-M 50mm f/1.2',      # 11820
+    32 => 'Summilux-M 50mm f/1.4 ASPH.',    # 11891/11892
+    33 => 'Summicron-M 50mm f/2 (IV, V)',   # 11819/11825/11826/11816, version (II,III) in camera menu
+    34 => 'Elmar-M 50mm f/2.8',             # 11831/11823/11825
+    35 => 'Summilux-M 75mm f/1.4',          # 11814/11815/11810
+    36 => 'Apo-Summicron-M 75mm f/2 ASPH.', # 11637
+    37 => 'Apo-Summicron-M 90mm f/2 ASPH.', # 11884/11885
+    38 => 'Elmarit-M 90mm f/2.8',           # 11807/11808, version (II) in camera menu
+    39 => 'Macro-Elmar-M 90mm f/4',         # 11633/11634
+    '39 0' => 'Tele-Elmar-M 135mm f/4 (II)',# 11861
+    40 => 'Macro-Adapter M',                # 14409
+    '41 3' => 'Apo-Summicron-M 50mm f/2 Asph', #16
+    42 => 'Tri-Elmar-M 28-35-50mm f/4 ASPH.',# 11625
+    '42 1' => 'Tri-Elmar-M 28-35-50mm f/4 ASPH. (at 28mm)',
+    '42 2' => 'Tri-Elmar-M 28-35-50mm f/4 ASPH. (at 35mm)',
+    '42 3' => 'Tri-Elmar-M 28-35-50mm f/4 ASPH. (at 50mm)',
+    43 => 'Summarit-M 35mm f/2.5',          # ? (ref PH)
+    44 => 'Summarit-M 50mm f/2.5',          # ? (ref PH)
+    45 => 'Summarit-M 75mm f/2.5',          # ? (ref PH)
+    46 => 'Summarit-M 90mm f/2.5',          # ?
+    47 => 'Summilux-M 21mm f/1.4 ASPH.',    # ? (ref 11)
+    48 => 'Summilux-M 24mm f/1.4 ASPH.',    # ? (ref 11)
+    49 => 'Noctilux-M 50mm f/0.95 ASPH.',   # ? (ref 11)
+    50 => 'Elmar-M 24mm f/3.8 ASPH.',       # ? (ref 11)
+    51 => 'Super-Elmar-M 21mm f/3.4 Asph',  # ? (ref 16, frameSelectorBits=1)
+    '51 2' => 'Super-Elmar-M 14mm f/3.8 Asph', # ? (ref 16)
+    52 => 'Super-Elmar-M 18mm f/3.8 ASPH.', # ? (ref PH/11)
+    '53 2' => 'Apo-Telyt-M 135mm f/3.4', #16
+);
+
+# M9 frame selector bits for each lens
+#  1 = towards lens    = 28/90mm or 21mm or Adapter (or Elmarit-M 135mm f/2.8)
+#  2 = away from lens  = 24/35mm (or 35/135mm on the M9)
+#  3 = middle position = 50/75mm or 18mm
+my %frameSelectorBits = (
+    1 => 1,
+    3 => 1,
+    4 => 1,
+    5 => 3,
+    6 => 2,
+    7 => 1,
+    9 => 1, # (because lens has special magnifier for the rangefinder)
+    16 => 1, # or 2 or 3
+    23 => 3,
+    24 => 1,
+    25 => 2,
+    26 => 1,
+    27 => 1,
+    28 => 1,
+    29 => 2,
+    30 => 2,
+    31 => 3,
+    32 => 3,
+    33 => 3,
+    34 => 3,
+    35 => 3,
+    36 => 3,
+    37 => 1,
+    38 => 1,
+    39 => 1,
+    40 => 1,
+    42 => 1, # or 2 or 3
+    43 => 2, # (NC)
+    44 => 3, # (NC)
+    45 => 3,
+    46 => 1, # (NC)
+    47 => 1, # (NC)
+    48 => 2, # (NC)
+    49 => 3, # (NC)
+    50 => 2, # (NC)
+    51 => 1, # or 2 (ref 16)
+    52 => 3,
+    53 => 2, #16
+);
+
+# conversions for ShootingMode and SceneMode
+my %shootingMode = (
+    1  => 'Normal',
+    2  => 'Portrait',
+    3  => 'Scenery',
+    4  => 'Sports',
+    5  => 'Night Portrait',
+    6  => 'Program',
+    7  => 'Aperture Priority',
+    8  => 'Shutter Priority',
+    9  => 'Macro',
+    10 => 'Spot', #7
+    11 => 'Manual',
+    12 => 'Movie Preview', #PH (LZ6)
+    13 => 'Panning',
+    14 => 'Simple', #PH (LZ6)
+    15 => 'Color Effects', #7
+    16 => 'Self Portrait', #PH (TZ5)
+    17 => 'Economy', #7
+    18 => 'Fireworks',
+    19 => 'Party',
+    20 => 'Snow',
+    21 => 'Night Scenery',
+    22 => 'Food', #7
+    23 => 'Baby', #JD
+    24 => 'Soft Skin', #PH (LZ6)
+    25 => 'Candlelight', #PH (LZ6)
+    26 => 'Starry Night', #PH (LZ6)
+    27 => 'High Sensitivity', #7 (LZ6)
+    28 => 'Panorama Assist', #7
+    29 => 'Underwater', #7
+    30 => 'Beach', #PH (LZ6)
+    31 => 'Aerial Photo', #PH (LZ6)
+    32 => 'Sunset', #PH (LZ6)
+    33 => 'Pet', #JD
+    34 => 'Intelligent ISO', #PH (LZ6)
+    35 => 'Clipboard', #7
+    36 => 'High Speed Continuous Shooting', #7
+    37 => 'Intelligent Auto', #7
+    39 => 'Multi-aspect', #PH (TZ5)
+    41 => 'Transform', #PH (FS7)
+    42 => 'Flash Burst', #PH (FZ28)
+    43 => 'Pin Hole', #PH (FZ28)
+    44 => 'Film Grain', #PH (FZ28)
+    45 => 'My Color', #PH (GF1)
+    46 => 'Photo Frame', #PH (FS7)
+    # 49 - seen for FS4 (snow?)
+    51 => 'HDR', #12
+    55 => 'Handheld Night Shot', #PH (FZ47)
+    57 => '3D', #PH (3D1)
+    59 => 'Creative Control', #PH (FZ47)
+    62 => 'Panorama', #17
+    63 => 'Glass Through', #17
+    64 => 'HDR', #17
+    66 => 'Digital Filter', #PH (GF5 "Impressive Art", "Cross Process", "Color Select", "Star")
+    67 => 'Clear Portrait', #18
+    68 => 'Silky Skin', #18
+    69 => 'Backlit Softness', #18
+    70 => 'Clear in Backlight', #18
+    71 => 'Relaxing Tone', #18
+    72 => "Sweet Child's Face", #18
+    73 => 'Distinct Scenery', #18
+    74 => 'Bright Blue Sky', #18
+    75 => 'Romantic Sunset Glow', #18
+    76 => 'Vivid Sunset Glow', #18
+    77 => 'Glistening Water', #18
+    78 => 'Clear Nightscape', #18
+    79 => 'Cool Night Sky', #18
+    80 => 'Warm Glowing Nightscape', #18
+    81 => 'Artistic Nightscape', #18
+    82 => 'Glittering Illuminations', #18
+    83 => 'Clear Night Portrait', #18
+    84 => 'Soft Image of a Flower', #18
+    85 => 'Appetizing Food', #18
+    86 => 'Cute Desert', #18
+    87 => 'Freeze Animal Motion', #18
+    88 => 'Clear Sports Shot', #18
+    89 => 'Monochrome', #18
+    90 => 'Creative Control', #18
+);
+
+%Image::ExifTool::Panasonic::Main = (
+    WRITE_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::Exif::WriteExif,
+    CHECK_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::Exif::CheckExif,
+    GROUPS => { 0 => 'MakerNotes', 2 => 'Camera' },
+    WRITABLE => 1,
+    0x01 => {
+        Name => 'ImageQuality',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        PrintConv => {
+            1 => 'TIFF', #PH (FZ20)
+            2 => 'High',
+            3 => 'Normal',
+            # 5 - seen this for 1920x1080, 30fps SZ7 video - PH
+            6 => 'Very High', #3 (Leica)
+            7 => 'Raw', #3 (Leica)
+            9 => 'Motion Picture', #PH (LZ6)
+        },
+    },
+    0x02 => {
+        Name => 'FirmwareVersion',
+        Writable => 'undef',
+        Notes => q{
+            for some camera models such as the FZ30 this may be an internal production
+            reference number and not the actual firmware version
+        }, # (ref http://www.stevesforums.com/forums/view_topic.php?id=87764&forum_id=23&)
+        # (can be either binary or ascii -- add decimal points if binary)
+        ValueConv => '$val=~/[\0-\x2f]/ ? join(" ",unpack("C*",$val)) : $val',
+        ValueConvInv => q{
+            $val =~ /(\d+ ){3}\d+/ and $val = pack('C*',split(' ', $val));
+            length($val) == 4 or warn "Version must be 4 numbers\n";
+            return $val;
+        },
+        PrintConv => '$val=~tr/ /./; $val',
+        PrintConvInv => '$val=~tr/./ /; $val',
+    },
+    0x03 => {
+        Name => 'WhiteBalance',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        PrintConv => {
+            1 => 'Auto',
+            2 => 'Daylight',
+            3 => 'Cloudy',
+            4 => 'Incandescent', #PH
+            5 => 'Manual',
+            8 => 'Flash',
+            10 => 'Black & White', #3 (Leica)
+            11 => 'Manual', #PH (FZ8)
+            12 => 'Shade', #PH (FS7)
+            13 => 'Kelvin', #PeterK (NC)
+        },
+    },
+    0x07 => {
+        Name => 'FocusMode',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        PrintConv => {
+            1 => 'Auto',
+            2 => 'Manual',
+            4 => 'Auto, Focus button', #4
+            5 => 'Auto, Continuous', #4
+            6 => 'AF-S', #18 (also seen for GF1 - PH)
+            7 => 'AF-C', #18
+            8 => 'AF-F', #18 (auto-focus flexible)
+        },
+    },
+    0x0f => [
+        {
+            Name => 'AFAreaMode',
+            Condition => '$$self{Model} =~ /DMC-FZ10\b/', #JD
+            Writable => 'int8u',
+            Count => 2,
+            Notes => 'DMC-FZ10',
+            PrintConv => {
+                '0 1'   => 'Spot Mode On',
+                '0 16'  => 'Spot Mode Off',
+            },
+        },{
+            Name => 'AFAreaMode',
+            Writable => 'int8u',
+            Count => 2,
+            Notes => 'other models',
+            PrintConv => { #PH
+                '0 1'   => '9-area', # (FS7)
+                '0 16'  => '3-area (high speed)', # (FZ8)
+                '0 23'  => '23-area', #PH (FZ47,NC)
+                '1 0'   => 'Spot Focusing', # (FZ8)
+                '1 1'   => '5-area', # (FZ8)
+                '16'    => 'Normal?', # (only mode for DMC-LC20)
+                '16 0'  => '1-area', # (FZ8)
+                '16 16' => '1-area (high speed)', # (FZ8)
+                # '32 0' is Face Detect for FS7, and Face Detect or Focus Tracking
+                # for the DMC-FZ200 (ref 17), and Auto is DMC-L1 guess,
+                '32 0'  => 'Tracking',
+                '32 1'  => '3-area (left)?', # (DMC-L1 guess)
+                '32 2'  => '3-area (center)?', # (DMC-L1 guess)
+                '32 3'  => '3-area (right)?', # (DMC-L1 guess)
+                '64 0'  => 'Face Detect',
+                '128 0' => 'Spot Focusing 2', #18
+            },
+        },
+    ],
+    0x1a => {
+        Name => 'ImageStabilization',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        PrintConv => {
+            2 => 'On, Mode 1',
+            3 => 'Off',
+            4 => 'On, Mode 2',
+            5 => 'Panning', #18
+            # GF1 also has a "Mode 3" - PH
+        },
+    },
+    0x1c => {
+        Name => 'MacroMode',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        PrintConv => {
+            1 => 'On',
+            2 => 'Off',
+            0x101 => 'Tele-Macro', #7
+            0x201 => 'Macro Zoom', #PH (FS7)
+        },
+    },
+    0x1f => {
+        Name => 'ShootingMode',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        PrintConvColumns => 2,
+        PrintConv => \%shootingMode,
+    },
+    0x20 => {
+        Name => 'Audio',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        PrintConv => {
+            1 => 'Yes',
+            2 => 'No',
+            3 => 'Stereo', #PH (NC)
+        },
+    },
+    0x21 => { #2
+        Name => 'DataDump',
+        Writable => 0,
+        Binary => 1,
+    },
+    # 0x22 - normally 0, but 2 for 'Simple' ShootingMode in LZ6 sample - PH
+    0x23 => {
+        Name => 'WhiteBalanceBias',
+        Format => 'int16s',
+        Writable => 'int16s',
+        ValueConv => '$val / 3',
+        ValueConvInv => '$val * 3',
+        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::PrintFraction($val)',
+        PrintConvInv => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::ConvertFraction($val)',
+    },
+    0x24 => {
+        Name => 'FlashBias',
+        Format => 'int16s',
+        Writable => 'int16s',
+        ValueConv => '$val / 3', #17 (older models may not have factor of 3? - PH)
+        ValueConvInv => '$val * 3',
+        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::PrintFraction($val)',
+        PrintConvInv => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::ConvertFraction($val)',
+    },
+    0x25 => { #PH
+        Name => 'InternalSerialNumber',
+        Writable => 'undef',
+        Count => 16,
+        Notes => q{
+            this number is unique, and contains the date of manufacture, but is not the
+            same as the number printed on the camera body
+        },
+        PrintConv => q{
+            return $val unless $val=~/^([A-Z]\d{2})(\d{2})(\d{2})(\d{2})(\d{4})/;
+            my $yr = $2 + ($2 < 70 ? 2000 : 1900);
+            return "($1) $yr:$3:$4 no. $5";
+        },
+        PrintConvInv => '$_=$val; tr/A-Z0-9//dc; s/(.{3})(19|20)/$1/; $_',
+    },
+    0x26 => { #PH
+        Name => 'PanasonicExifVersion',
+        Writable => 'undef',
+    },
+    # 0x27 - values: 0 (LZ6,FX10K)
+    0x28 => {
+        Name => 'ColorEffect',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        # FX30 manual: (ColorMode) natural, vivid, cool, warm, b/w, sepia
+        PrintConv => {
+            1 => 'Off',
+            2 => 'Warm',
+            3 => 'Cool',
+            4 => 'Black & White',
+            5 => 'Sepia',
+            6 => 'Happy', #PH (FX70) (yes, really. you wouldn't want sad colors now would you?)
+        },
+    },
+    0x29 => { #JD
+        Name => 'TimeSincePowerOn',
+        Writable => 'int32u',
+        Notes => q{
+            time in 1/100 s from when the camera was powered on to when the image is
+            written to memory card
+        },
+        ValueConv => '$val / 100',
+        ValueConvInv => '$val * 100',
+        PrintConv => sub { # convert to format "[DD days ]HH:MM:SS.ss"
+            my $val = shift;
+            my $str = '';
+            if ($val >= 24 * 3600) {
+                my $d = int($val / (24 * 3600));
+                $str .= "$d days ";
+                $val -= $d * 24 * 3600;
+            }
+            my $h = int($val / 3600);
+            $val -= $h * 3600;
+            my $m = int($val / 60);
+            $val -= $m * 60;
+            my $s = int($val);
+            my $f = 100 * ($val - int($val));
+            return sprintf("%s%.2d:%.2d:%.2d.%.2d",$str,$h,$m,$s,$f);
+        },
+        PrintConvInv => sub {
+            my $val = shift;
+            my @vals = ($val =~ /\d+(?:\.\d*)?/g);
+            my $sec = 0;
+            $sec += 24 * 3600 * shift(@vals) if @vals > 3;
+            $sec += 3600 * shift(@vals) if @vals > 2;
+            $sec += 60 * shift(@vals) if @vals > 1;
+            $sec += shift(@vals) if @vals;
+            return $sec;
+        },
+    },
+    0x2a => { #4
+        Name => 'BurstMode',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        Notes => 'decoding may be different for some models',
+        PrintConv => {
+            0 => 'Off',
+            1 => 'On', #PH (TZ5) [was "Low/High Quality" from ref 4]
+            2 => 'Auto Exposure Bracketing (AEB)', #17
+            4 => 'Unlimited', #PH (TZ5)
+        },
+    },
+    0x2b => { #4
+        Name => 'SequenceNumber',
+        Writable => 'int32u',
+    },
+    0x2c => [
+        {
+            Name => 'ContrastMode',
+            Condition => '$$self{Model} !~ /^DMC-(FX10|G1|L1|L10|LC80|GF\d+|G2|TZ10|ZS7)$/',
+            Flags => 'PrintHex',
+            Writable => 'int16u',
+            Notes => q{
+                this decoding seems to work for some models such as the LC1, LX2, FZ7, FZ8,
+                FZ18 and FZ50, but may not be correct for other models such as the FX10, G1, L1,
+                L10 and LC80
+            },
+            PrintConv => {
+                0 => 'Normal',
+                1 => 'Low',
+                2 => 'High',
+                # 3 - observed with LZ6 and TZ5 in Fireworks mode - PH
+                # 5 - observed with FX01, FX40 and FP8 (EXIF contrast "Normal") - PH
+                6 => 'Medium Low', #PH (FZ18)
+                7 => 'Medium High', #PH (FZ18)
+                13 => 'High Dynamic', #PH (FZ47 in ?)
+                # DMC-LC1 values:
+                0x100 => 'Low',
+                0x110 => 'Normal',
+                0x120 => 'High',
+            }
+        },{
+            Name => 'ContrastMode',
+            Condition => '$$self{Model} =~ /^DMC-(GF\d+|G2)$/',
+            Notes => 'these values are used by the G2, GF1, GF2, GF3, GF5 and GF6',
+            Writable => 'int16u',
+            PrintConv => { # (decoded for GF1 unless otherwise noted)
+                0 => '-2',
+                1 => '-1',
+                2 => 'Normal',
+                3 => '+1',
+                4 => '+2',
+                # Note: Other Contrast tags will be "Normal" in any of these modes:
+                5 => 'Normal 2', # 5 - seen for Portrait (FX80) and Normal (GF6)
+                7 => 'Nature (Color Film)', # (GF1,G2; GF3 "Miniature")
+                9 => 'Expressive', #(GF3)
+                12 => 'Smooth (Color Film) or Pure (My Color)', #(GF1,G2 "Smooth Color")
+                17 => 'Dynamic (B&W Film)', #(GF1,G2)
+                22 => 'Smooth (B&W Film)', #(GF1,G2)
+                25 => 'High Dynamic', #(GF5)
+                26 => 'Retro', #(GF5)
+                27 => 'Dynamic (Color Film)', #(GF1,G2) (GF3 "High Key")
+                28 => 'Low Key', #(GF5)
+                29 => 'Toy Effect', #(GF5)
+                32 => 'Vibrant (Color Film) or Expressive (My Color)', # (GF1; G2 "Vibrant"; GF2,GF5 "Expressive")
+                33 => 'Elegant (My Color)',
+                37 => 'Nostalgic (Color Film)', # (GF1,G2; GF5 "Sepia")
+                41 => 'Dynamic Art (My Color)', # (GF5 "High Key")
+                42 => 'Retro (My Color)',
+                45 => 'Cinema', #(GF2)
+                47 => 'Dynamic Mono', #(GF5)
+                50 => 'Impressive Art', #(GF5)
+                51 => 'Cross Process', #(GF5)
+                107 => 'Expressive 2', #(GF6)
+                122 => 'Dynamic Monochrome', #(GF6)
+                # more new modes for GF6:
+                # ? => 'Old Days',
+                # ? => 'Toy Pop',
+                # ? => 'Bleach Bypass',
+                # ? => 'Fantasy',
+                # ? => 'Star Filter',
+                # ? => 'One Point Color',
+                # ? => 'Sunshine',
+            },
+        },{
+            Name => 'ContrastMode',
+            Condition => '$$self{Model} =~ /^DMC-(TZ10|ZS7)$/',
+            Notes => 'these values are used by the TZ10 and ZS7',
+            Writable => 'int16u',
+            PrintConv => {
+                0 => 'Normal',
+                1 => '-2',
+                2 => '+2',
+                5 => '-1',
+                6 => '+1',
+            },
+        },{
+            Name => 'ContrastMode',
+            Writable => 'int16u',
+        },
+    ],
+    0x2d => {
+        Name => 'NoiseReduction',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        PrintConv => {
+            0 => 'Standard',
+            1 => 'Low (-1)',
+            2 => 'High (+1)',
+            3 => 'Lowest (-2)', #JD
+            4 => 'Highest (+2)', #JD
+        },
+    },
+    0x2e => { #4
+        Name => 'SelfTimer',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        PrintConv => {
+            1 => 'Off',
+            2 => '10 s',
+            3 => '2 s',
+            4 => '10 s / 3 pictures', #17
+        },
+    },
+    # 0x2f - values: 1 (LZ6,FX10K)
+    0x30 => { #7
+        Name => 'Rotation',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        PrintConv => {
+            1 => 'Horizontal (normal)',
+            3 => 'Rotate 180', #PH
+            6 => 'Rotate 90 CW', #PH (ref 7 gives 270 CW)
+            8 => 'Rotate 270 CW', #PH (ref 7 gives 90 CW)
+        },
+    },
+    0x31 => { #PH (FS7)
+        Name => 'AFAssistLamp',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        PrintConv => {
+            1 => 'Fired',
+            2 => 'Enabled but Not Used',
+            3 => 'Disabled but Required',
+            4 => 'Disabled and Not Required',
+            # have seen a value of 5 - PH
+            # values possibly related to FOC-L? - JD
+        },
+    },
+    0x32 => { #7
+        Name => 'ColorMode',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        PrintConv => {
+            0 => 'Normal',
+            1 => 'Natural',
+            2 => 'Vivid',
+            # have seen 3 for GF2 - PH
+        },
+    },
+    0x33 => { #JD
+        Name => 'BabyAge',
+        Writable => 'string',
+        Notes => 'or pet age', #PH
+        PrintConv => '$val eq "9999:99:99 00:00:00" ? "(not set)" : $val',
+        PrintConvInv => '$val =~ /^\d/ ? $val : "9999:99:99 00:00:00"',
+    },
+    0x34 => { #7/PH
+        Name => 'OpticalZoomMode',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        PrintConv => {
+            1 => 'Standard',
+            2 => 'Extended',
+        },
+    },
+    0x35 => { #9
+        Name => 'ConversionLens',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        PrintConv => { #PH (unconfirmed)
+            1 => 'Off',
+            2 => 'Wide',
+            3 => 'Telephoto',
+            4 => 'Macro',
+        },
+    },
+    0x36 => { #8
+        Name => 'TravelDay',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        PrintConv => '$val == 65535 ? "n/a" : $val',
+        PrintConvInv => '$val =~ /(\d+)/ ? $1 : $val',
+    },
+    # 0x37 - values: 0,1,2 (LZ6, 0 for movie preview); 257 (FX10K); 0,256 (TZ5, 0 for movie preview)
+    # 0x38 - values: 0,1,2 (LZ6, same as 0x37); 1,2 (FX10K); 0,256 (TZ5, 0 for movie preview)
+    0x39 => { #7 (L1/L10)
+        Name => 'Contrast',
+        Format => 'int16s',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        %Image::ExifTool::Exif::printParameter,
+    },
+    0x3a => {
+        Name => 'WorldTimeLocation',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        PrintConv => {
+            1 => 'Home',
+            2 => 'Destination',
+        },
+    },
+    0x3b => { #PH (TZ5/FS7)
+        # (tags 0x3b, 0x3e, 0x8008 and 0x8009 have the same values in all my samples - PH)
+        Name => 'TextStamp',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        PrintConv => { 1 => 'Off', 2 => 'On' },
+    },
+    0x3c => { #PH
+        Name => 'ProgramISO', # (maybe should rename this ISOSetting?)
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        PrintConv => {
+            OTHER => sub { shift },
+            65534 => 'Intelligent ISO', #PH (FS7)
+            65535 => 'n/a',
+        },
+    },
+    0x3d => { #PH
+        Name => 'AdvancedSceneType',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        Notes => 'used together with SceneMode to derive Composite AdvancedSceneMode',
+    },
+    0x3e => { #PH (TZ5/FS7)
+        # (tags 0x3b, 0x3e, 0x8008 and 0x8009 have the same values in all my samples - PH)
+        Name => 'TextStamp',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        PrintConv => { 1 => 'Off', 2 => 'On' },
+    },
+    0x3f => { #PH (TZ7)
+        Name => 'FacesDetected',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+    },
+    0x40 => { #7 (L1/L10)
+        Name => 'Saturation',
+        Format => 'int16s',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        %Image::ExifTool::Exif::printParameter,
+    },
+    0x41 => { #7 (L1/L10)
+        Name => 'Sharpness',
+        Format => 'int16s',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        %Image::ExifTool::Exif::printParameter,
+    },
+    0x42 => { #7 (DMC-L1)
+        Name => 'FilmMode',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        PrintConv => {
+            0 => 'n/a', #PH (ie. FZ100 "Photo Frame" ShootingMode)
+            1 => 'Standard (color)',
+            2 => 'Dynamic (color)',
+            3 => 'Nature (color)',
+            4 => 'Smooth (color)',
+            5 => 'Standard (B&W)',
+            6 => 'Dynamic (B&W)',
+            7 => 'Smooth (B&W)',
+            # 8 => 'My Film 1'? (from owner manual)
+            # 9 => 'My Film 2'?
+            10 => 'Nostalgic', #(GH1)
+            11 => 'Vibrant', #(GH1)
+            # 12 => 'Multi Film'? (in the GH1 specs)
+        },
+    },
+    # 0x43 - int16u: 2,3
+    0x44 => {
+        Name => 'ColorTempKelvin',
+        Format => 'int16u',
+    },
+    # 0x45 - int16u: 0
+    0x46 => { #PH/JD
+        Name => 'WBShiftAB',
+        Format => 'int16s',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        Notes => 'positive is a shift toward blue',
+    },
+    0x47 => { #PH/JD
+        Name => 'WBShiftGM',
+        Format => 'int16s',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        Notes => 'positive is a shift toward green',
+    },
+    0x48 => { #17
+        Name => 'FlashCurtain',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        PrintConv => {
+            0 => 'n/a',
+            1 => '1st',
+            2 => '2nd',
+        },
+    },
+    # 0x48 - int16u: 0
+    # 0x49 - int16u: 2
+    # 0x4a - int16u: 0
+    0x4b => { #PH
+        Name => 'PanasonicImageWidth',
+        Writable => 'int32u',
+    },
+    0x4c => { #PH
+        Name => 'PanasonicImageHeight',
+        Writable => 'int32u',
+    },
+    0x4d => { #PH (FS7)
+        Name => 'AFPointPosition',
+        Writable => 'rational64u',
+        Count => 2,
+        Notes => 'X Y coordinates of primary AF area center, in the range 0.0 to 1.0',
+        PrintConv => q{
+            return 'none' if $val eq '16777216 16777216';
+            my @a = split ' ', $val;
+            sprintf("%.2g %.2g",@a);
+        },
+        PrintConvInv => '$val eq "none" ? "16777216 16777216" : $val',
+    },
+    0x4e => { #PH
+        Name => 'FaceDetInfo',
+        PrintConv => 'length $val',
+        SubDirectory => {
+            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Panasonic::FaceDetInfo',
+        },
+    },
+    # 0x4f,0x50 - int16u: 0
+    0x51 => {
+        Name => 'LensType',
+        Writable => 'string',
+        ValueConv => '$val=~s/ +$//; $val', # trim trailing spaces
+        ValueConvInv => '$val',
+    },
+    0x52 => { #7 (DMC-L1)
+        Name => 'LensSerialNumber',
+        Writable => 'string',
+        ValueConv => '$val=~s/ +$//; $val', # trim trailing spaces
+        ValueConvInv => '$val',
+    },
+    0x53 => { #7 (DMC-L1)
+        Name => 'AccessoryType',
+        Writable => 'string',
+        ValueConv => '$val=~s/ +$//; $val', # trim trailing spaces
+        ValueConvInv => '$val',
+    },
+    # 0x54 - string[14]: "0000000"
+    # 0x55 - int16u: 1
+    # 0x57 - int16u: 0
+    0x59 => { #PH (FS7)
+        Name => 'Transform',
+        Writable => 'undef',
+        Notes => 'decoded as two 16-bit signed integers',
+        Format => 'int16s',
+        Count => 2,
+        PrintConv => {
+            '-3 2' => 'Slim High',
+            '-1 1' => 'Slim Low',
+            '0 0' => 'Off',
+            '1 1' => 'Stretch Low',
+            '3 2' => 'Stretch High',
+        },
+    },
+    # 0x5a - int16u: 0,2
+    # 0x5b - int16u: 0
+    # 0x5c - int16u: 0,2
+    0x5d => { #PH (GF1, FZ35)
+        Name => 'IntelligentExposure',
+        Notes => 'not valid for some models', # (doesn't change in ZS7 and GH1 images)
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        PrintConv => {
+            0 => 'Off',
+            1 => 'Low',
+            2 => 'Standard',
+            3 => 'High',
+        },
+    },
+    # 0x5e,0x5f,0x60 - undef[4]
+    0x61 => { #PH
+        Name => 'FaceRecInfo',
+        SubDirectory => {
+            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Panasonic::FaceRecInfo',
+        },
+    },
+    0x62 => { #PH (FS7)
+        Name => 'FlashWarning',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        PrintConv => { 0 => 'No', 1 => 'Yes (flash required but disabled)' },
+    },
+    0x63 => { #PH
+        # not sure exactly what this means, but in my samples this is
+        # FacesRecognized bytes of 0x01, padded with 0x00 to a length of 4 - PH
+        Name => 'RecognizedFaceFlags',
+        Format => 'int8u',
+        Count => 4,
+        Writable => 'undef',
+        Unknown => 1,
+    },
+    0x65 => { #15
+        Name => 'Title',
+        Format => 'string',
+        Writable => 'undef', # (Count 64)
+    },
+    0x66 => { #15
+        Name => 'BabyName',
+        Notes => 'or pet name',
+        Format => 'string',
+        Writable => 'undef', # (Count 64)
+    },
+    0x67 => { #15
+        Name => 'Location',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Location' },
+        Format => 'string',
+        Writable => 'undef', # (Count 64)
+    },
+    # 0x68 - int8u: 1
+    0x69 => { #PH (ZS7)
+        Name => 'Country', # (Country/Region)
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Location' },
+        Format => 'string',
+        Writable => 'undef', # (Count 72)
+    },
+    # 0x6a - int8u: 1
+    0x6b => { #PH (ZS7)
+        Name => 'State', # (State/Province/Count -- what is Count?)
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Location' },
+        Format => 'string',
+        Writable => 'undef', # (Count 72)
+    },
+    # 0x6c - int8u: 1
+    0x6d => { #PH (ZS7)
+        Name => 'City', # (City/Town)
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Location' },
+        Format => 'string',
+        Writable => 'undef', # (Count 72)
+    },
+    # 0x6e - int8u: 1
+    0x6f => { #PH (ZS7)
+        Name => 'Landmark', # (Landmark)
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Location' },
+        Format => 'string',
+        Writable => 'undef', # (Count 128)
+    },
+    0x70 => { #PH (ZS7)
+        Name => 'IntelligentResolution',
+        Writable => 'int8u',
+        PrintConv => {
+            0 => 'Off',
+            # Note: I think these values make sense for the GH2, but meanings
+            #       may be different for other models
+            1 => 'Low',
+            2 => 'Standard',
+            3 => 'High',
+            4 => 'Extended',
+        },
+    },
+    # 0x71 - undef[128] (maybe text stamp text?)
+    # 0x72,0x73,0x74,0x75,0x77,0x78: 0
+    # 0x76: 0, (3 for G6 with HDR on, ref 18)
+    0x79 => { #PH (GH2)
+        Name => 'IntelligentD-Range',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        PrintConv => {
+            0 => 'Off',
+            1 => 'Low',
+            2 => 'Standard',
+            3 => 'High',
+        },
+    },
+    # 0x7a,0x7b: 0
+    0x86 => { #http://dev.exiv2.org/issues/825
+        Name => 'ManometerPressure',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        RawConv => '$val==65535 ? undef : $val',
+        ValueConv => '$val / 10',
+        ValueConvInv => '$val * 10',
+        PrintConv => 'sprintf("%.1f kPa",$val)',
+        PrintConvInv => '$val=~s/ ?kPa//i; $val',
+    },
+    0x89 => {
+        Name => 'PhotoStyle',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        PrintConv => {
+            0 => 'Auto',
+            1 => 'Standard or Custom',
+            2 => 'Vivid',
+            3 => 'Natural',
+            4 => 'Monochrome',
+            5 => 'Scenery',
+            6 => 'Portrait',
+        },
+    },
+    0x96 => { #18
+        Name => 'TimerRecording',
+        Writable => 'int8u',
+        PrintConv => {
+            0 => 'Off',
+            1 => 'Time Lapse',
+            2 => 'Stop-motion Animation',
+        },
+    },
+    0x9e => { #18
+        Name => 'HDR',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        PrintConv => {
+            0 => 'Off',
+            100 => '1 EV',
+            200 => '2 EV',
+            300 => '3 EV',
+            32868 => '1 EV (Auto)',
+            32968 => '2 EV (Auto)',
+            33068 => '3 EV (Auto)',
+        },
+    },
+    0x9f => { #18
+        Name => 'ShutterType',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        PrintConv => {
+            0 => 'Mechanical',
+            1 => 'Electronic',
+        },
+    },
+    0xab => { #18
+        Name => 'TouchAE',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        PrintConv => { 0 => 'Off', 1 => 'On' },
+    },
+    0x0e00 => {
+        Name => 'PrintIM',
+        Description => 'Print Image Matching',
+        Writable => 0,
+        SubDirectory => {
+            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::PrintIM::Main',
+        },
+    },
+    0x8000 => { #PH
+        Name => 'MakerNoteVersion',
+        Format => 'undef',
+    },
+    0x8001 => { #7/PH/JD
+        Name => 'SceneMode',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        PrintConvColumns => 2,
+        PrintConv => {
+            0  => 'Off',
+            %shootingMode,
+        },
+    },
+    # 0x8002 - values: 1,2 related to focus? (PH/JD)
+    #          1 for HDR modes, 2 for Portrait (ref 12)
+    # 0x8003 - values: 1,2 related to focus? (PH/JD)
+    0x8004 => { #PH/JD
+        Name => 'WBRedLevel',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+    },
+    0x8005 => { #PH/JD
+        Name => 'WBGreenLevel',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+    },
+    0x8006 => { #PH/JD
+        Name => 'WBBlueLevel',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+    },
+    0x8007 => { #PH
+        Name => 'FlashFired',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        PrintConv => { 1 => 'No', 2 => 'Yes' },
+    },
+    0x8008 => { #PH (TZ5/FS7)
+        # (tags 0x3b, 0x3e, 0x8008 and 0x8009 have the same values in all my samples - PH)
+        Name => 'TextStamp',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        PrintConv => { 1 => 'Off', 2 => 'On' },
+    },
+    0x8009 => { #PH (TZ5/FS7)
+        # (tags 0x3b, 0x3e, 0x8008 and 0x8009 have the same values in all my samples - PH)
+        Name => 'TextStamp',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        PrintConv => { 1 => 'Off', 2 => 'On' },
+    },
+    0x8010 => { #PH
+        Name => 'BabyAge',
+        Writable => 'string',
+        Notes => 'or pet age',
+        PrintConv => '$val eq "9999:99:99 00:00:00" ? "(not set)" : $val',
+        PrintConvInv => '$val =~ /^\d/ ? $val : "9999:99:99 00:00:00"',
+    },
+    0x8012 => { #PH (FS7)
+        Name => 'Transform',
+        Writable => 'undef',
+        Notes => 'decoded as two 16-bit signed integers',
+        Format => 'int16s',
+        Count => 2,
+        PrintConv => {
+            '-3 2' => 'Slim High',
+            '-1 1' => 'Slim Low',
+            '0 0' => 'Off',
+            '1 1' => 'Stretch Low',
+            '3 2' => 'Stretch High',
+        },
+    },
+);
+
+# Leica type2 maker notes (ref 10)
+%Image::ExifTool::Panasonic::Leica2 = (
+    WRITE_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::Exif::WriteExif,
+    CHECK_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::Exif::CheckExif,
+    GROUPS => { 0 => 'MakerNotes', 1 => 'Leica', 2 => 'Camera' },
+    WRITABLE => 1,
+    NOTES => 'These tags are used by the Leica M8.',
+    0x300 => {
+        Name => 'Quality',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        PrintConv => {
+            1 => 'Fine',
+            2 => 'Basic',
+        },
+    },
+    0x302 => {
+        Name => 'UserProfile',
+        Writable => 'int32u',
+        PrintConv => {
+            1 => 'User Profile 1',
+            2 => 'User Profile 2',
+            3 => 'User Profile 3',
+            4 => 'User Profile 0 (Dynamic)',
+        },
+    },
+    0x303 => {
+        Name => 'SerialNumber',
+        Writable => 'int32u',
+        PrintConv => 'sprintf("%.7d", $val)',
+        PrintConvInv => '$val',
+    },
+    0x304 => {
+        Name => 'WhiteBalance',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        Notes => 'values above 0x8000 are converted to Kelvin color temperatures',
+        PrintConv => {
+            0 => 'Auto or Manual',
+            1 => 'Daylight',
+            2 => 'Fluorescent',
+            3 => 'Tungsten',
+            4 => 'Flash',
+            10 => 'Cloudy',
+            11 => 'Shade',
+            OTHER => \&WhiteBalanceConv,
+        },
+    },
+    0x310 => {
+        Name => 'LensType',
+        Writable => 'int32u',
+        SeparateTable => 1,
+        ValueConv => '($val >> 2) . " " . ($val & 0x3)',
+        ValueConvInv => \&LensTypeConvInv,
+        PrintConv => \%leicaLensTypes,
+    },
+    0x311 => {
+        Name => 'ExternalSensorBrightnessValue',
+        Format => 'rational64s', # (incorrectly unsigned in JPEG images)
+        Writable => 'rational64s',
+        Notes => '"blue dot" measurement',
+        PrintConv => 'sprintf("%.2f", $val)',
+        PrintConvInv => '$val',
+    },
+    0x312 => {
+        Name => 'MeasuredLV',
+        Format => 'rational64s', # (incorrectly unsigned in JPEG images)
+        Writable => 'rational64s',
+        Notes => 'imaging sensor or TTL exposure meter measurement',
+        PrintConv => 'sprintf("%.2f", $val)',
+        PrintConvInv => '$val',
+    },
+    0x313 => {
+        Name => 'ApproximateFNumber',
+        Writable => 'rational64u',
+        PrintConv => 'sprintf("%.1f", $val)',
+        PrintConvInv => '$val',
+    },
+    0x320 => {
+        Name => 'CameraTemperature',
+        Writable => 'int32s',
+        PrintConv => '"$val C"',
+        PrintConvInv => '$val=~s/ ?C//; $val',
+    },
+    0x321 => { Name => 'ColorTemperature',  Writable => 'int32u' },
+    0x322 => { Name => 'WBRedLevel',        Writable => 'rational64u' },
+    0x323 => { Name => 'WBGreenLevel',      Writable => 'rational64u' },
+    0x324 => { Name => 'WBBlueLevel',       Writable => 'rational64u' },
+    0x325 => {
+        Name => 'UV-IRFilterCorrection',
+        Description => 'UV/IR Filter Correction',
+        Writable => 'int32u',
+        PrintConv => {
+            0 => 'Not Active',
+            1 => 'Active',
+        },
+    },
+    0x330 => { Name => 'CCDVersion',        Writable => 'int32u' },
+    0x331 => { Name => 'CCDBoardVersion',   Writable => 'int32u' },
+    0x332 => { Name => 'ControllerBoardVersion', Writable => 'int32u' },
+    0x333 => { Name => 'M16CVersion',       Writable => 'int32u' },
+    0x340 => { Name => 'ImageIDNumber',     Writable => 'int32u' },
+);
+
+# Leica type3 maker notes (ref PH)
+%Image::ExifTool::Panasonic::Leica3 = (
+    WRITE_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::Exif::WriteExif,
+    CHECK_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::Exif::CheckExif,
+    GROUPS => { 0 => 'MakerNotes', 1 => 'Leica', 2 => 'Camera' },
+    WRITABLE => 1,
+    NOTES => 'These tags are used by the Leica R8 and R9 digital backs.',
+    0x0d => {
+        Name => 'WB_RGBLevels',
+        Writable => 'int16u',
+        Count => 3,
+    },
+);
+
+# Leica type4 maker notes (ref PH) (M9)
+%Image::ExifTool::Panasonic::Leica4 = (
+    WRITE_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::Exif::WriteExif,
+    CHECK_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::Exif::CheckExif,
+    GROUPS => { 0 => 'MakerNotes', 1 => 'Leica', 2 => 'Camera' },
+    WRITABLE => 1,
+    NOTES => 'This information is written by the M9.',
+    0x3000 => {
+        Name => 'Subdir3000',
+        SubDirectory => {
+            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Panasonic::Subdir',
+            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
+        },
+    },
+    0x3100 => {
+        Name => 'Subdir3100',
+        SubDirectory => {
+            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Panasonic::Subdir',
+            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
+        },
+    },
+    0x3400 => {
+        Name => 'Subdir3400',
+        SubDirectory => {
+            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Panasonic::Subdir',
+            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
+        },
+    },
+    0x3900 => {
+        Name => 'Subdir3900',
+        SubDirectory => {
+            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Panasonic::Subdir',
+            ByteOrder => 'Unknown',
+        },
+    },
+);
+
+# Leica M9 SubDirectory tags (ref PH)
+%Image::ExifTool::Panasonic::Subdir = (
+    WRITE_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::Exif::WriteExif,
+    CHECK_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::Exif::CheckExif,
+    GROUPS => { 0 => 'MakerNotes', 1 => 'Leica', 2 => 'Camera' },
+    TAG_PREFIX => 'Leica_Subdir',
+    WRITABLE => 1,
+    # 0x3001 - normally 0 but value of 2 when manual coding is used
+    #          with a coded lens (but only tested with Elmar-M 50mm f/2.8) - PH
+    0x300a => {
+        Name => 'Contrast',
+        Writable => 'int32u',
+        PrintConv => {
+            0 => 'Low',
+            1 => 'Medium Low',
+            2 => 'Normal',
+            3 => 'Medium High',
+            4 => 'High',
+        },
+    },
+    0x300b => {
+        Name => 'Sharpening',
+        Writable => 'int32u',
+        PrintConv => {
+            0 => 'Off',
+            1 => 'Low',
+            2 => 'Normal',
+            3 => 'Medium High',
+            4 => 'High',
+        },
+    },
+    0x300d => {
+        Name => 'Saturation',
+        Writable => 'int32u',
+        PrintConv => {
+            0 => 'Low',
+            1 => 'Medium Low',
+            2 => 'Normal',
+            3 => 'Medium High',
+            4 => 'High',
+            5 => 'Black & White',
+            6 => 'Vintage B&W',
+        },
+    },
+    # 0x3032 - some sort of RGB coefficients? (zeros unless Kelvin WB, but same for all Color Temps)
+    0x3033 => {
+        Name => 'WhiteBalance',
+        Writable => 'int32u',
+        PrintConv => { #13
+            0 => 'Auto',
+            1 => 'Tungsten',
+            2 => 'Fluorescent',
+            3 => 'Daylight Fluorescent',
+            4 => 'Daylight',
+            5 => 'Flash',
+            6 => 'Cloudy',
+            7 => 'Shade',
+            8 => 'Manual',
+            9 => 'Kelvin',
+        },
+    },
+    0x3034 => {
+        Name => 'JPEGQuality',
+        Writable => 'int32u',
+        PrintConv => {
+            94 => 'Basic',
+            97 => 'Fine',
+        },
+    },
+    # 0x3035 (int32u): -1 unless Manual WB (2 in my Manual sample)
+    0x3036 => {
+        Name => 'WB_RGBLevels',
+        Writable => 'rational64u',
+        Count => 3,
+    },
+    0x3038 => {
+        Name => 'UserProfile', # (CameraProfile according to ref 14)
+        Writable => 'string',
+    },
+    0x303a => {
+        Name => 'JPEGSize',
+        Writable => 'int32u',
+        PrintConv => {
+            0 => '5216x3472',
+            1 => '3840x2592',
+            2 => '2592x1728',
+            3 => '1728x1152',
+            4 => '1280x864',
+        },
+    },
+    0x3103 => { #13 (valid for FW 1.116 and later)
+        Name => 'SerialNumber',
+        Writable => 'string',
+    },
+    # 0x3104 body-dependent string ("00012905000000") (not serial number)
+    # 0x3105 body-dependent string ("00012905000000")
+    # 0x3107 - body-dependent string ("4H205800116800") (not serial number)
+    0x3109 => {
+        Name => 'FirmwareVersion',
+        Writable => 'string',
+    },
+    0x312a => { #14 (NC)
+        Name => 'BaseISO',
+        Writable => 'int32u',
+    },
+    0x312b => {
+        Name => 'SensorWidth',
+        Writable => 'int32u',
+    },
+    0x312c => {
+        Name => 'SensorHeight',
+        Writable => 'int32u',
+    },
+    0x312d => { #14 (NC)
+        Name => 'SensorBitDepth',
+        Writable => 'int32u',
+    },
+    0x3402 => { #PH/13
+        Name => 'CameraTemperature',
+        Writable => 'int32s',
+        PrintConv => '"$val C"',
+        PrintConvInv => '$val=~s/ ?C//; $val',
+    },
+    0x3405 => {
+        Name => 'LensType',
+        Writable => 'int32u',
+        SeparateTable => 1,
+        ValueConv => '($val >> 2) . " " . ($val & 0x3)',
+        ValueConvInv => \&LensTypeConvInv,
+        PrintConv => \%leicaLensTypes,
+    },
+    0x3406 => { #PH/13
+        Name => 'ApproximateFNumber',
+        Writable => 'rational64u',
+        PrintConv => 'sprintf("%.1f", $val)',
+        PrintConvInv => '$val',
+    },
+    0x3407 => { #14
+        Name => 'MeasuredLV',
+        Writable => 'int32s',
+        Notes => 'imaging sensor or TTL exposure meter measurement',
+        ValueConv => '$val / 1e5', #PH (NC)
+        ValueConvInv => '$val * 1e5', #PH (NC)
+        PrintConv => 'sprintf("%.2f", $val)',
+        PrintConvInv => '$val',
+    },
+    0x3408 => { #14
+        Name => 'ExternalSensorBrightnessValue',
+        Writable => 'int32s',
+        Notes => '"blue dot" measurement',
+        ValueConv => '$val / 1e5', #PH (NC)
+        ValueConvInv => '$val * 1e5', #PH (NC)
+        PrintConv => 'sprintf("%.2f", $val)',
+        PrintConvInv => '$val',
+    },
+    0x3901 => {
+        Name => 'Data1',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Panasonic::Data1' },
+    },
+    0x3902 => {
+        Name => 'Data2',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Panasonic::Data2' },
+    },
+    # 0x3903 - larger binary data block
+);
+
+%Image::ExifTool::Panasonic::Data1 = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
+    WRITE_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::WriteBinaryData,
+    CHECK_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::CheckBinaryData,
+    GROUPS => { 0 => 'MakerNotes', 1 => 'Leica', 2 => 'Camera' },
+    WRITABLE => 1,
+    TAG_PREFIX => 'Leica_Data1',
+    FIRST_ENTRY => 0,
+    0x0016 => {
+        Name => 'LensType',
+        Writable => 'int32u',
+        Priority => 0,
+        SeparateTable => 1,
+        ValueConv => '($val >> 2) . " " . ($val & 0x3)',
+        ValueConvInv => \&LensTypeConvInv,
+        PrintConv => \%leicaLensTypes,
+    },
+);
+
+%Image::ExifTool::Panasonic::Data2 = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
+    GROUPS => { 0 => 'MakerNotes', 1 => 'Leica', 2 => 'Camera' },
+    TAG_PREFIX => 'Leica_Data2',
+    FIRST_ENTRY => 0,
+);
+
+# Leica type5 maker notes (ref PH) (X1)
+%Image::ExifTool::Panasonic::Leica5 = (
+    WRITE_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::Exif::WriteExif,
+    CHECK_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::Exif::CheckExif,
+    GROUPS => { 0 => 'MakerNotes', 1 => 'Leica', 2 => 'Camera' },
+    WRITABLE => 1,
+    NOTES => 'This information is written by the X1.',
+    # 0x0406 - saturation or sharpness
+    0x0407 => { Name => 'OriginalFileName', Writable => 'string' },
+    0x0408 => { Name => 'OriginalDirectory',Writable => 'string' },
+    # 0x040b - related to white balance
+    0x040d => {
+        Name => 'ExposureMode',
+        Format => 'int8u',
+        Count => 4,
+        PrintConv => {
+            '0 0 0 0' => 'Program AE',
+            '1 0 0 0' => 'Aperture-priority AE',
+            '2 0 0 0' => 'Shutter speed priority AE', #(guess)
+            '3 0 0 0' => 'Manual',
+        },
+    },
+    0x0410 => {
+        Name => 'ShotInfo',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Panasonic::ShotInfo' },
+    },
+    # 0x0410 - int8u[16]: first byte is FileNumber 
+    # 0x0411 - int8u[4]: first number is FilmMode (1=Standard,2=Vivid,3=Natural,4=BW Natural,5=BW High Contrast)
+    0x0412 => { Name => 'FilmMode',         Writable => 'string' },
+    0x0413 => { Name => 'WB_RGBLevels',     Writable => 'rational64u', Count => 3 },
+);
+
+# Leica type5 ShotInfo (ref PH) (X2)
+%Image::ExifTool::Panasonic::ShotInfo = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
+    WRITE_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::WriteBinaryData,
+    CHECK_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::CheckBinaryData,
+    GROUPS => { 0 => 'MakerNotes', 1 => 'Leica', 2 => 'Camera' },
+    TAG_PREFIX => 'Leica_ShotInfo',
+    FIRST_ENTRY => 0,
+    WRITABLE => 1,
+    0 => {
+        Name => 'FileIndex',
+        Format => 'int16u',
+    },
+);
+
+# Leica type6 maker notes (ref PH) (S2)
+%Image::ExifTool::Panasonic::Leica6 = (
+    WRITE_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::Exif::WriteExif,
+    CHECK_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::Exif::CheckExif,
+    GROUPS => { 0 => 'MakerNotes', 1 => 'Leica', 2 => 'Camera' },
+    NOTES => 'This information is written by the S2 (as a trailer in JPEG images).',
+    0x300 => {
+        Name => 'PreviewImage',
+        Writable => 'undef',
+        Notes => 'S2',
+        DataTag => 'PreviewImage',
+        RawConv => q{
+            return \$val if $val =~ /^Binary/;
+            return \$val if $val =~ /^\xff\xd8\xff/;
+            $$self{PreviewError} = 1 unless $val eq 'none';
+            return undef;
+        },
+        ValueConvInv => '$val || "none"',
+        WriteCheck => 'return $val=~/^(none|\xff\xd8\xff)/s ? undef : "Not a valid image"',
+        ChangeBase => '$dirStart + $dataPos - 8',
+    },
+    0x301 => {
+        Name => 'UnknownBlock',
+        Notes => 'unknown 320kB block, not copied to JPEG images',
+        Flags => [ 'Unknown', 'Binary', 'Drop' ],
+    },
+    # 0x302 - same value as 4 unknown bytes at the end of JPEG or after the DNG TIFF header
+    0x303 => {
+        Name => 'LensType',
+        Writable => 'string',
+        ValueConv => '$val=~s/ +$//; $val', # trim trailing spaces
+        ValueConvInv => '$val',
+    },
+    # 0x340 - same as 0x302
+);
+
+# Type 2 tags (ref PH)
+%Image::ExifTool::Panasonic::Type2 = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
+    GROUPS => { 0 => 'MakerNotes', 2 => 'Image' },
+    FIRST_ENTRY => 0,
+    FORMAT => 'int16u',
+    NOTES => q{
+        This type of maker notes is used by models such as the NV-DS65, PV-D2002,
+        PV-DC3000, PV-DV203, PV-DV401, PV-DV702, PV-L2001, PV-SD4090, PV-SD5000 and
+        iPalm.
+    },
+    0 => {
+        Name => 'MakerNoteType',
+        Format => 'string[4]',
+    },
+    # seems to vary inversely with amount of light, so I'll call it 'Gain' - PH
+    # (minimum is 16, maximum is 136.  Value is 0 for pictures captured from video)
+    3 => 'Gain',
+);
+
+# Face detection position information (ref PH)
+%Image::ExifTool::Panasonic::FaceDetInfo = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
+    WRITE_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::WriteBinaryData,
+    CHECK_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::CheckBinaryData,
+    GROUPS => { 0 => 'MakerNotes', 2 => 'Image' },
+    WRITABLE => 1,
+    FORMAT => 'int16u',
+    FIRST_ENTRY => 0,
+    DATAMEMBER => [ 0 ],
+    NOTES => 'Face detection position information.',
+    0 => {
+        Name => 'NumFacePositions',
+        Format => 'int16u',
+        DataMember => 'NumFacePositions',
+        RawConv => '$$self{NumFacePositions} = $val',
+        Notes => q{
+            number of detected face positions stored in this record.  May be less than
+            FacesDetected
+        },
+    },
+    1 => {
+        Name => 'Face1Position',
+        Format => 'int16u[4]',
+        RawConv => '$$self{NumFacePositions} < 1 ? undef : $val',
+        Notes => q{
+            4 numbers: X/Y coordinates of the face center and width/height of face. 
+            Coordinates are relative to an image twice the size of the thumbnail, or 320
+            pixels wide
+        },
+    },
+    5 => {
+        Name => 'Face2Position',
+        Format => 'int16u[4]',
+        RawConv => '$$self{NumFacePositions} < 2 ? undef : $val',
+    },
+    9 => {
+        Name => 'Face3Position',
+        Format => 'int16u[4]',
+        RawConv => '$$self{NumFacePositions} < 3 ? undef : $val',
+    },
+    13 => {
+        Name => 'Face4Position',
+        Format => 'int16u[4]',
+        RawConv => '$$self{NumFacePositions} < 4 ? undef : $val',
+    },
+    17 => {
+        Name => 'Face5Position',
+        Format => 'int16u[4]',
+        RawConv => '$$self{NumFacePositions} < 5 ? undef : $val',
+    },
+);
+
+# Face recognition information from DMC-TZ7 (ref PH)
+%Image::ExifTool::Panasonic::FaceRecInfo = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
+    WRITE_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::WriteBinaryData,
+    CHECK_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::CheckBinaryData,
+    GROUPS => { 0 => 'MakerNotes', 2 => 'Image' },
+    WRITABLE => 1,
+    FIRST_ENTRY => 0,
+    DATAMEMBER => [ 0 ],
+    NOTES => q{
+        Tags written by cameras with facial recognition.  These cameras not only
+        detect faces in an image, but also recognize specific people based a
+        user-supplied set of known faces.
+    },
+    0 => {
+        Name => 'FacesRecognized',
+        Format => 'int16u',
+        DataMember => 'FacesRecognized',
+        RawConv => '$$self{FacesRecognized} = $val',
+    },
+    4 => {
+        Name => 'RecognizedFace1Name',
+        Format => 'string[20]',
+        RawConv => '$$self{FacesRecognized} < 1 ? undef : $val',
+    },
+    24 => {
+        Name => 'RecognizedFace1Position',
+        Format => 'int16u[4]',
+        RawConv => '$$self{FacesRecognized} < 1 ? undef : $val',
+        Notes => 'coordinates in same format as face detection tags above',
+    },
+    32 => {
+        Name => 'RecognizedFace1Age',
+        Format => 'string[20]',
+        RawConv => '$$self{FacesRecognized} < 1 ? undef : $val',
+    },
+    52 => {
+        Name => 'RecognizedFace2Name',
+        Format => 'string[20]',
+        RawConv => '$$self{FacesRecognized} < 2 ? undef : $val',
+    },
+    72 => {
+        Name => 'RecognizedFace2Position',
+        Format => 'int16u[4]',
+        RawConv => '$$self{FacesRecognized} < 2 ? undef : $val',
+    },
+    80 => {
+        Name => 'RecognizedFace2Age',
+        Format => 'string[20]',
+        RawConv => '$$self{FacesRecognized} < 2 ? undef : $val',
+    },
+    100 => {
+        Name => 'RecognizedFace3Name',
+        Format => 'string[20]',
+        RawConv => '$$self{FacesRecognized} < 3 ? undef : $val',
+    },
+    120 => {
+        Name => 'RecognizedFace3Position',
+        Format => 'int16u[4]',
+        RawConv => '$$self{FacesRecognized} < 3 ? undef : $val',
+    },
+    128 => {
+        Name => 'RecognizedFace3Age',
+        Format => 'string[20]',
+        RawConv => '$$self{FacesRecognized} < 3 ? undef : $val',
+    },
+);
+
+%Image::ExifTool::Panasonic::PANA = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
+    GROUPS => { 0 => 'MakerNotes', 2 => 'Image' },
+    NOTES => q{
+        Tags extracted from the PANA user data found in MP4 videos from models such
+        as the DMC-FT20.
+    },
+    4 => {
+        Name => 'Model',
+        Description => 'Camera Model Name',
+        Format => 'string[16]',
+    },
+    0x58 => {
+        Name => 'ThumbnailWidth',
+        Format => 'int16u',
+    },
+    0x5a => {
+        Name => 'ThumbnailHeight',
+        Format => 'int16u',
+    },
+    0x5c => {
+        Name => 'ThumbnailImage',
+        Format => 'undef[16384]',
+        RawConv => '$val=~/^\xff\xd8\xff/ ? $val : undef',
+        ValueConv => '$val=~s/\0*$//; \$val',   # remove trailing zeros
+    },
+    0x4068 => {
+        Name => 'ExifData',
+        Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^\xff\xd8\xff\xe1..Exif\0\0/s',
+        SubDirectory => {
+            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::Main',
+            ProcessProc => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessTIFF,
+            Start => 12,
+        },
+    },
+);
+
+# Panasonic Composite tags
+%Image::ExifTool::Panasonic::Composite = (
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Camera' },
+    AdvancedSceneMode => {
+        SeparateTable => 'Panasonic AdvancedSceneMode',    # print values in a separate table
+        Require => {
+            0 => 'SceneMode',
+            1 => 'AdvancedSceneType',
+        },
+        ValueConv => '"$val[0] $val[1]"',
+        PrintConv => { #PH
+            OTHER => sub {
+                my $val = shift;
+                my @v = split ' ', $val;
+                my $prt = $shootingMode{$v[0]};
+                return $v[1] == 1 ? $prt : "$prt ($v[1])" if $prt;
+                return "Unknown ($val)";
+            },
+            Notes => 'A Composite tag derived from SceneMode and AdvancedSceneType.',
+            '0 1' => 'Off',
+            '2 2' => 'Outdoor Portrait', #(FZ28)
+            '2 3' => 'Indoor Portrait', #(FZ28)
+            '2 4' => 'Creative Portrait', #(FZ28)
+            '3 2' => 'Nature', #(FZ28)
+            '3 3' => 'Architecture', #(FZ28)
+            '3 4' => 'Creative Scenery', #(FZ28)
+            #'3 5' - ? (FT1)
+            '4 2' => 'Outdoor Sports', #(FZ28)
+            '4 3' => 'Indoor Sports', #(FZ28)
+            '4 4' => 'Creative Sports', #(FZ28)
+            '9 2' => 'Flower', #(FZ28)
+            '9 3' => 'Objects', #(FZ28)
+            '9 4' => 'Creative Macro', #(FZ28)
+            #'9 5' - ? (GF3)
+            '21 2' => 'Illuminations', #(FZ28)
+            '21 4' => 'Creative Night Scenery', #(FZ28)
+            #'21 5' - ? (LX3)
+            #'37 5' - ? (various)
+            '45 2' => 'Cinema', #(GF2)
+            '45 7' => 'Expressive', #(GF1,GF2)
+            '45 8' => 'Retro', #(GF1,GF2)
+            '45 9' => 'Pure', #(GF1,GF2)
+            '45 10' => 'Elegant', #(GF1,GF2)
+            '45 12' => 'Monochrome', #(GF1,GF2)
+            '45 13' => 'Dynamic Art', #(GF1,GF2)
+            '45 14' => 'Silhouette', #(GF1,GF2)
+            '51 2' => 'HDR Art', #12
+            '51 3' => 'HDR B&W', #12
+            '59 1' => 'Expressive', #(GF5)
+            '59 2' => 'Retro', #(GF5)
+            '59 3' => 'High Key', #(GF5)
+            '59 4' => 'Sepia', #(GF3,GF5)
+            '59 5' => 'High Dynamic', #(GF3,GF5)
+            '59 6' => 'Minature', #(GF3)
+            '59 9' => 'Low Key', #(GF5)
+            '59 10' => 'Toy Effect', #(GF5)
+            '59 11' => 'Dynamic Monochrome', #(GF5)
+            '59 12' => 'Soft', #(GF5)
+            '66 2' => 'Cross Process', #(GF5)
+            '66 3' => 'Color Select', #(GF5)
+            '66 4' => 'Star', #(GF5)
+            '90 3' => 'Old Days', #18
+            '90 4' => 'Sunshine', #18
+            '90 5' => 'Bleach Bypass', #18
+            '90 6' => 'Toy Pop', #18
+            '90 7' => 'Fantasy', #18
+        },
+    },
+);
+
+# add our composite tags
+Image::ExifTool::AddCompositeTags('Image::ExifTool::Panasonic');
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Inverse conversion for Leica M9 lens codes
+# Inputs: 0) value
+# Returns: Converted value, or undef on error
+sub LensTypeConvInv($)
+{
+    my $val = shift;
+    if ($val =~ /^(\d+) (\d+)$/) {
+        return ($1 << 2) + ($2 & 0x03);
+    } elsif ($val =~ /^\d+$/) {
+        my $bits = $frameSelectorBits{$val};
+        return undef unless defined $bits;
+        return ($val << 2) | $bits;
+    } else {
+        return undef;
+    }
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Convert Leica Kelvin white balance
+# Inputs: 0) value, 1) flag to perform inverse conversion
+# Returns: Converted value, or undef on error
+sub WhiteBalanceConv($;$$)
+{
+    my ($val, $inv) = @_;
+    if ($inv) {
+        return $1 + 0x8000 if $val =~ /(\d+)/;
+    } else {
+        return ($val - 0x8000) . ' Kelvin' if $val > 0x8000;
+    }
+    return undef;
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Process MakerNote trailer written by Leica S2
+# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object ref, 1) new absolute position of Leica trailer when writing
+# Returns: On success: 1 when reading, directory data when writing; othewise undef
+# Notes:
+# - may be called twice for a file if the first call doesn't succeed
+# - must leave RAF position unchanged
+# - uses information from LeicaTrailer member:
+#      TagInfo = tag info ref for MakerNote SubDirectory
+#      Offset/Size = value offset/size from MakerNote IFD
+#      TrailStart/TrailLen = actual JPEG trailer position/size (2nd call only)
+# - deletes LeicaTrailer member and sets LeicaTrailerPos when successful
+sub ProcessLeicaTrailer($;$)
+{
+    my ($exifTool, $newPos) = @_;
+    my $trail = $$exifTool{LeicaTrailer};
+    my $raf = $$exifTool{RAF};
+    my $trailPos = $$trail{TrailPos};
+    my $pos = $trailPos || $$trail{Offset};
+    my $len = $$trail{TrailLen} || $$trail{Size};
+    my ($buff, $result, %tagPtr);
+
+    delete $$exifTool{LeicaTrailer} if $trailPos;   # done after this
+    unless ($len > 0) {
+        $exifTool->Warn('Missing Leica MakerNote trailer', 1) if $trailPos;
+        delete $$exifTool{LeicaTrailer};
+        return undef;
+    }
+    my $oldPos = $raf->Tell();
+    my $ok = ($raf->Seek($pos, 0) and $raf->Read($buff, $len) == $len);
+    $raf->Seek($oldPos, 0);
+    unless ($ok) {
+        $exifTool->Warn('Error reading Leica MakerNote trailer', 1) if $trailPos;
+        return undef;
+    }
+    # look for Leica MakerNote header (should be at start of
+    # trailer, but allow up to 256 bytes of garbage just in case)
+    if ($buff !~ /^(.{0,256})LEICA\0..../sg) {
+        my $what = $trailPos ? 'trailer' : 'offset';
+        $exifTool->Warn("Invalid Leica MakerNote $what", 1);
+        return undef;
+    }
+    my $junk = $1;
+    my $start = pos($buff) - 10;
+    if ($start and not $trailPos) {
+        $exifTool->Warn('Invalid Leica MakerNote offset', 1);
+        return undef;
+    }
+#
+# all checks passed -- go ahead and process the trailer now
+#
+    my $hdrLen = 8;
+    my $dirStart = $start + $hdrLen;
+    my $tagInfo = $$trail{TagInfo};
+    if ($$exifTool{HTML_DUMP}) {
+        my $name = $$tagInfo{Name};
+        $exifTool->HDump($pos+$start, $len-$start, "$name value", 'Leica MakerNote trailer', 4);
+        $exifTool->HDump($pos+$start, $hdrLen, "MakerNotes header", $name);
+    } elsif ($exifTool->Options('Verbose')) {
+        my $where = sprintf('at offset 0x%x', $pos);
+        $exifTool->VPrint(0, "Leica MakerNote trailer ($len bytes $where):\n");
+    }
+    # delete LeicaTrailer member so we don't try to process it again
+    delete $$exifTool{LeicaTrailer};
+    $$exifTool{LeicaTrailerPos} = $pos + $start;    # return actual start position of Leica trailer
+
+    my $oldOrder = GetByteOrder();
+    my $num = Get16u(\$buff, $dirStart);            # get entry count
+    ToggleByteOrder() if ($num>>8) > ($num&0xff);   # set byte order
+
+    # use specialized algorithm to automatically fix offsets
+    my $valStart = $dirStart + 2 + 12 * $num + 4;
+    my $fix = 0;
+    if ($valStart < $len) {
+        my $valBlock = Image::ExifTool::MakerNotes::GetValueBlocks(\$buff, $dirStart, \%tagPtr);
+        # find the minimum offset (excluding the PreviewImage tag 0x300)
+        my $minPtr;
+        foreach (keys %tagPtr) {
+            my $ptr = $tagPtr{$_};
+            next if $_ == 0x300 or not $ptr;
+            $minPtr = $ptr if not defined $minPtr or $minPtr > $ptr;
+        }
+        if ($minPtr) {
+            my $diff = $minPtr - ($valStart + $pos);
+            # scan value data for the first non-zero byte
+            pos($buff) = $valStart;
+            if ($buff =~ /[^\0]/g) {
+                my $n = pos($buff) - 1 - $valStart; # number of zero bytes
+                # S2 writes 282 bytes of zeros, exiftool writes none
+                my $expect = $n >= 282 ? 282 : 0;
+                my $fixBase = $exifTool->Options('FixBase');
+                if ($diff != $expect or defined $fixBase) {
+                    $fix = $expect - $diff;
+                    if (defined $fixBase) {
+                        $fix = $fixBase if $fixBase ne '';
+                        $exifTool->Warn("Adjusted MakerNotes base by $fix",1);
+                    } else {
+                        $exifTool->Warn("Possibly incorrect maker notes offsets (fixed by $fix)",1);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    # generate dirInfo for Leica MakerNote directory
+    my %dirInfo = (
+        Name       => $$tagInfo{Name},
+        Base       => $fix,
+        DataPt     => \$buff,
+        DataPos    => $pos - $fix,
+        DataLen    => $len,
+        DirStart   => $dirStart,
+        DirLen     => $len - $dirStart,
+        DirName    => 'MakerNotes',
+        Parent     => 'ExifIFD',
+        TagInfo    => $tagInfo,
+    );
+    my $tagTablePtr = GetTagTable($$tagInfo{SubDirectory}{TagTable});
+    if ($newPos) { # are we writing?
+        # set position of new MakerNote IFD (+ 8 for Leica MakerNote header)
+        $dirInfo{NewDataPos} = $newPos + $start + 8;
+        $result = $exifTool->WriteDirectory(\%dirInfo, $tagTablePtr);
+        # write preview image last if necessary and fix up the preview offsets
+        my $previewInfo = $$exifTool{PREVIEW_INFO};
+        delete $$exifTool{PREVIEW_INFO};
+        if ($result) {
+            if ($previewInfo) {
+                my $fixup = $previewInfo->{Fixup};
+                # set preview offset (relative to start of makernotes, + 8 for makernote header)
+                $fixup->SetMarkerPointers(\$result, 'PreviewImage', length($result) + 8);
+                $result .= $$previewInfo{Data};
+            }
+            return $junk . substr($buff, $start, $hdrLen) . $result;
+        }
+    } else {
+        # extract information
+        $result = $exifTool->ProcessDirectory(\%dirInfo, $tagTablePtr);
+        # also extract as a block if necessary
+        if ($exifTool->Options('MakerNotes') or
+            $exifTool->{REQ_TAG_LOOKUP}{lc($$tagInfo{Name})})
+        {
+            # makernote header must be included in RebuildMakerNotes call
+            $dirInfo{DirStart} -= 8;
+            $dirInfo{DirLen} += 8;
+            $exifTool->{MAKER_NOTE_BYTE_ORDER} = GetByteOrder();
+            # rebuild maker notes (creates $exifTool->{MAKER_NOTE_FIXUP})
+            my $val = Image::ExifTool::Exif::RebuildMakerNotes($exifTool, $tagTablePtr, \%dirInfo);
+            unless (defined $val) {
+                $exifTool->Warn('Error rebuilding maker notes (may be corrupt)') if $len > 4;
+                $val = $buff,
+            }
+            my $key = $exifTool->FoundTag($tagInfo, $val);
+            $exifTool->SetGroup($key, 'ExifIFD');
+        }
+    }
+    SetByteOrder($oldOrder);
+    return $result;
+}
+
+1;  # end
+
+__END__
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+Image::ExifTool::Panasonic - Panasonic/Leica maker notes tags
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+This module is loaded automatically by Image::ExifTool when required.
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+This module contains definitions required by Image::ExifTool to interpret
+Panasonic and Leica maker notes in EXIF information.
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+Copyright 2003-2013, Phil Harvey (phil at owl.phy.queensu.ca)
+
+This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the same terms as Perl itself.
+
+=head1 REFERENCES
+
+=over 4
+
+=item L<http://www.compton.nu/panasonic.html>
+
+=item L<http://johnst.org/sw/exiftags/>
+
+=item L<http://homepage3.nifty.com/kamisaka/makernote/makernote_pana.htm>
+
+=item L<http://bretteville.com/pdfs/M8Metadata_v2.pdf>
+
+=item L<http://www.digital-leica.com/lens_codes/index.html>
+
+=item (...plus lots of testing with store demos and my wife's DMC-FS7!)
+
+=back
+
+=head1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
+
+Thanks to Tels, Marcel Coenen, Jens Duttke, Joerg, Michael Byczkowski, Carl
+Bretteville, Zdenek Mihula and Olaf Ulrich for their contributions.
+
+=head1 SEE ALSO
+
+L<Image::ExifTool::TagNames/Panasonic Tags>,
+L<Image::ExifTool(3pm)|Image::ExifTool>
+
+=cut