enclave 0.1.0

data/ext/enclave/mruby/mrbgems/mruby-sprintf/src/sprintf.c

@@ -0,0 +1,1195 @@
+/*
+** sprintf.c - Kernel.#sprintf
+**
+** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
+*/
+
+#include <mruby.h>
+#include <mruby/string.h>
+#include <mruby/hash.h>
+#include <mruby/numeric.h>
+#include <mruby/presym.h>
+#include <mruby/internal.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+
+#define BIT_DIGITS(N)   (((N)*146)/485 + 1)  /* log2(10) =~ 146/485 */
+#define BITSPERDIG MRB_INT_BIT
+#define EXTENDSIGN(n, l) (((~0U << (n)) >> (((n)*(l)) % BITSPERDIG)) & ~(~0U << (n)))
+
+mrb_value mrb_bint_2comp(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value x);
+
+static char*
+remove_sign_bits(char *str, int base)
+{
+  char *t;
+
+  t = str;
+  if (base == 16) {
+    while (*t == 'f') {
+      t++;
+    }
+  }
+  else if (base == 8) {
+    *t |= EXTENDSIGN(3, strlen(t));
+    while (*t == '7') {
+      t++;
+    }
+  }
+  else if (base == 2) {
+    while (*t == '1') {
+      t++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return t;
+}
+
+static char *
+mrb_uint_to_cstr(char *buf, size_t len, mrb_int num, int base)
+{
+  char *b = buf + len - 1;
+  const int mask = base-1;
+  int shift;
+  mrb_uint val = (uint64_t)num;
+
+  if (num == 0) {
+    buf[0] = '0'; buf[1] = '\0';
+    return buf;
+  }
+  switch (base) {
+  case 16: shift = 4; break;
+  case 8:  shift = 3; break;
+  case 2:  shift = 1; break;
+  default: return NULL;
+  }
+  *--b = '\0';
+  do {
+    *--b = mrb_digitmap[(int)(val & mask)];
+  } while (val >>= shift);
+
+  if (num < 0) {
+    b = remove_sign_bits(b, base);
+  }
+
+  return b;
+}
+
+#define FNONE  0
+#define FSHARP 1
+#define FMINUS 2
+#define FPLUS  4
+#define FZERO  8
+#define FSPACE 16
+#define FWIDTH 32
+#define FPREC  64
+#define FPREC0 128
+
+/* Format specifier types for lookup table */
+#define FMT_INVALID   0
+#define FMT_FLAG      1  /* space, #, +, -, 0 */
+#define FMT_DIGIT     2  /* 1-9 for width */
+#define FMT_NAMED     3  /* < { for named args */
+#define FMT_WIDTH     4  /* * for width from arg */
+#define FMT_PREC      5  /* . for precision */
+#define FMT_LITERAL   6  /* % \n \0 */
+#define FMT_CHAR      7  /* c */
+#define FMT_STRING    8  /* s p */
+#define FMT_INTEGER   9  /* d i o x X b B u */
+#define FMT_FLOAT    10  /* f g G e E */
+
+/* Format specifier info structure */
+typedef struct {
+  int type;       /* FMT_* type */
+  int base;       /* number base for integers */
+  int subtype;    /* format-specific subtype */
+} fmt_spec_t;
+
+
+/* Get format specifier info for character c */
+static inline fmt_spec_t get_fmt_spec(unsigned char c) {
+  static const fmt_spec_t invalid = {FMT_INVALID, 0, 0};
+
+  switch (c) {
+    /* Control characters and whitespace */
+    case '\0': case '\n':
+      return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_LITERAL, 0, 0};
+
+    /* Flags */
+    case ' ':  return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_FLAG, 0, FSPACE};
+    case '#':  return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_FLAG, 0, FSHARP};
+    case '+':  return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_FLAG, 0, FPLUS};
+    case '-':  return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_FLAG, 0, FMINUS};
+    case '0':  return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_FLAG, 0, FZERO};
+
+    /* Width digits */
+    case '1':  return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_DIGIT, 0, 1};
+    case '2':  return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_DIGIT, 0, 2};
+    case '3':  return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_DIGIT, 0, 3};
+    case '4':  return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_DIGIT, 0, 4};
+    case '5':  return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_DIGIT, 0, 5};
+    case '6':  return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_DIGIT, 0, 6};
+    case '7':  return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_DIGIT, 0, 7};
+    case '8':  return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_DIGIT, 0, 8};
+    case '9':  return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_DIGIT, 0, 9};
+
+    /* Width and precision */
+    case '*':  return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_WIDTH, 0, 0};
+    case '.':  return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_PREC, 0, 0};
+
+    /* Named arguments */
+    case '<':  return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_NAMED, 0, '<'};
+    case '{':  return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_NAMED, 0, '{'};
+
+    /* Literal percent */
+    case '%':  return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_LITERAL, 0, '%'};
+
+    /* Character formatting */
+    case 'c':  return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_CHAR, 0, 0};
+
+    /* String formatting */
+    case 's':  return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_STRING, 0, 0};
+    case 'p':  return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_STRING, 0, 1}; /* inspect format */
+
+    /* Integer formatting */
+    case 'd':  return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_INTEGER, 10, 1}; /* signed decimal */
+    case 'i':  return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_INTEGER, 10, 1}; /* signed decimal */
+    case 'u':  return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_INTEGER, 10, 1}; /* unsigned (same as signed in mruby) */
+    case 'o':  return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_INTEGER, 8,  0}; /* octal */
+    case 'x':  return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_INTEGER, 16, 0}; /* hex lowercase */
+    case 'X':  return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_INTEGER, 16, 1}; /* hex uppercase */
+    case 'b':  return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_INTEGER, 2,  0}; /* binary lowercase */
+    case 'B':  return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_INTEGER, 2,  1}; /* binary uppercase */
+
+    /* Float formatting */
+    case 'f':  return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_FLOAT, 0, 'f'};
+    case 'e':  return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_FLOAT, 0, 'e'};
+    case 'E':  return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_FLOAT, 0, 'E'};
+    case 'g':  return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_FLOAT, 0, 'g'};
+    case 'G':  return (fmt_spec_t){FMT_FLOAT, 0, 'G'};
+
+    default:
+      return invalid;
+  }
+}
+
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
+static int
+fmt_float(char *buf, size_t buf_size, char fmt, int flags, int width, int prec, mrb_float f)
+{
+  char sign = '\0';
+  int left_align = 0;
+  int zero_pad = 0;
+
+  if (flags & FSHARP) fmt |= 0x80;
+  if (flags & FPLUS)  sign = '+';
+  if (flags & FMINUS) left_align = 1;
+  if (flags & FZERO)  zero_pad = 1;
+  if (flags & FSPACE) sign = ' ';
+
+  int len = mrb_format_float(f, buf, buf_size, fmt, prec, sign);
+
+  // buf[0] < '0' returns true if the first character is space, + or -
+  // buf[1] < '9' matches a digit, and doesn't match when we get back +nan or +inf
+  if (buf[0] < '0' && buf[1] <= '9' && zero_pad) {
+    buf++;
+    width--;
+    len--;
+  }
+  if (*buf < '0' || *buf >= '9') {
+    // For inf or nan, we don't want to zero pad.
+    zero_pad = 0;
+  }
+  if (len >= width) {
+    return len;
+  }
+  buf[width] = '\0';
+  if (left_align) {
+    memset(&buf[len], ' ', width - len);
+    return width;
+  }
+  memmove(&buf[width - len], buf, len);
+  if (zero_pad) {
+    memset(buf, '0', width - len);
+  }
+  else {
+    memset(buf, ' ', width - len);
+  }
+  return width;
+}
+#endif
+
+#define CHECK(l) do { \
+  if (blen+(l) >= bsiz) {\
+    while (blen+(l) >= bsiz) {\
+      if (bsiz > MRB_INT_MAX/2) mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "too big specifier");\
+      bsiz*=2;\
+    }\
+    mrb_str_resize(mrb, result, bsiz);\
+  }\
+  buf = RSTRING_PTR(result);\
+} while (0)
+
+#define PUSH(s, l) do { \
+  CHECK(l);\
+  memcpy(&buf[blen], s, l);\
+  blen += (mrb_int)(l);\
+} while (0)
+
+#define FILL(c, l) do { \
+  CHECK(l);\
+  memset(&buf[blen], c, l);\
+  blen += (l);\
+} while (0)
+
+static void
+check_next_arg(mrb_state *mrb, int posarg, int nextarg)
+{
+  switch (posarg) {
+  case -1:
+    mrb_raisef(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "unnumbered(%d) mixed with numbered", nextarg);
+    break;
+  case -2:
+    mrb_raisef(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "unnumbered(%d) mixed with named", nextarg);
+    break;
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+static void
+check_pos_arg(mrb_state *mrb, int posarg, mrb_int n)
+{
+  if (posarg > 0) {
+    mrb_raisef(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "numbered(%i) after unnumbered(%d)",
+               n, posarg);
+  }
+  if (posarg == -2) {
+    mrb_raisef(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "numbered(%i) after named", n);
+  }
+  if (n < 1) {
+    mrb_raisef(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "invalid index - %i$", n);
+  }
+}
+
+static void
+check_name_arg(mrb_state *mrb, int posarg, const char *name, size_t len)
+{
+  if (posarg > 0) {
+    mrb_raisef(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "named%l after unnumbered(%d)",
+               name, len, posarg);
+  }
+  if (posarg == -1) {
+    mrb_raisef(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "named%l after numbered", name, len);
+  }
+}
+
+#define GETNEXTARG() (\
+  check_next_arg(mrb, posarg, nextarg),\
+  (posarg = nextarg++, GETNTHARG(posarg)))
+
+#define GETARG() (!mrb_undef_p(nextvalue) ? nextvalue : GETNEXTARG())
+
+#define GETPOSARG(n) (\
+  check_pos_arg(mrb, posarg, n),\
+  (posarg = -1, GETNTHARG(n)))
+
+#define GETNTHARG(nth) \
+  ((nth >= argc) ? (mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "too few arguments"), mrb_undef_value()) : argv[nth])
+
+#define CHECKNAMEARG(name, len) (\
+  check_name_arg(mrb, posarg, name, len),\
+  posarg = -2)
+
+#define GETNUM(n, val) do { \
+  if (!(p = get_num(mrb, p, end, &(n)))) \
+    mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, #val " too big"); \
+} while(0)
+
+#define GETASTER(num) do { \
+  mrb_value tmp_v; \
+  t = p++; \
+  GETNUM(n, val); \
+  if (*p == '$') { \
+    tmp_v = GETPOSARG(n); \
+  } \
+  else { \
+    tmp_v = GETNEXTARG(); \
+    p = t; \
+  } \
+  num = (int)mrb_as_int(mrb, tmp_v); \
+} while (0)
+
+static const char*
+get_num(mrb_state *mrb, const char *p, const char *end, int *valp)
+{
+  char *e;
+  mrb_int n;
+  if (!mrb_read_int(p, end, &e, &n) || INT_MAX < n) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  *valp = (int)n;
+  return e;
+}
+
+static void
+get_hash(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value *hash, mrb_int argc, const mrb_value *argv)
+{
+  if (!mrb_undef_p(*hash)) return;
+  if (argc != 2) {
+    mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "one hash required");
+  }
+  mrb_value tmp = mrb_check_hash_type(mrb, argv[1]);
+  if (mrb_nil_p(tmp)) {
+    mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "one hash required");
+  }
+  *hash = tmp;
+}
+
+static mrb_value
+mrb_str_format(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_int argc, const mrb_value *argv, mrb_value fmt)
+{
+  const char *p, *end;
+  char *buf;
+  mrb_int blen;
+  mrb_int bsiz;
+  mrb_value result;
+  int n;
+  int width;
+  int prec;
+  int nextarg = 1;
+  int posarg = 0;
+  mrb_value nextvalue;
+  mrb_value str;
+  mrb_value hash = mrb_undef_value();
+
+#define CHECK_FOR_WIDTH(f)                                              \
+  if ((f) & FWIDTH) {                                                   \
+    mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "width given twice");              \
+    }                                                                   \
+  if ((f) & FPREC0) {                                                   \
+    mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "width after precision");          \
+  }
+#define CHECK_FOR_FLAGS(f)                                              \
+  if ((f) & FWIDTH) {                                                   \
+    mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "flag after width");               \
+  }                                                                     \
+  if ((f) & FPREC0) {                                                   \
+    mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "flag after precision");           \
+  }
+
+  argc++;
+  argv--;
+  mrb_ensure_string_type(mrb, fmt);
+  p = RSTRING_PTR(fmt);
+  end = p + RSTRING_LEN(fmt);
+  blen = 0;
+  /* Estimate initial buffer size to reduce reallocations:
+   * - format string length (for literal text)
+   * - base headroom (120 bytes)
+   * - per-specifier headroom (24 bytes each)
+   * - capped at 4096 to prevent over-allocation
+   */
+  bsiz = (end - p) + 120;
+  for (const char *scan = p; scan < end; scan++) {
+    if (*scan == '%') bsiz += 24;
+  }
+  if (bsiz > 4096) bsiz = 4096;
+  result = mrb_str_new_capa(mrb, bsiz);
+  buf = RSTRING_PTR(result);
+  memset(buf, 0, bsiz);
+
+  int ai = mrb_gc_arena_save(mrb);
+  for (; p < end; p++) {
+    const char *t;
+    mrb_sym id = 0;
+    int flags = FNONE;
+
+    for (t = p; t < end && *t != '%'; t++)
+      ;
+    if (t + 1 == end) {
+      /* % at the bottom */
+      mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "incomplete format specifier; use %% (double %) instead");
+    }
+    PUSH(p, t - p);
+    if (t >= end)
+      goto sprint_exit; /* end of fmt string */
+
+    p = t + 1;    /* skip '%' */
+
+    width = prec = -1;
+    nextvalue = mrb_undef_value();
+
+retry:
+    if (p >= end) {
+      mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "malformed format string - unexpected end");
+    }
+    {
+      fmt_spec_t spec = get_fmt_spec(*p);
+
+      switch (spec.type) {
+        case FMT_INVALID:
+          mrb_raisef(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "malformed format string - %%%c", *p);
+          break;
+
+        case FMT_FLAG:
+          CHECK_FOR_FLAGS(flags);
+          flags |= spec.subtype;
+          p++;
+          goto retry;
+
+        case FMT_DIGIT:
+          GETNUM(n, width);
+          if (*p == '$') {
+            if (!mrb_undef_p(nextvalue)) {
+              mrb_raisef(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "value given twice - %i$", n);
+            }
+            nextvalue = GETPOSARG(n);
+            p++;
+            goto retry;
+          }
+          CHECK_FOR_WIDTH(flags);
+          width = n;
+          flags |= FWIDTH;
+          goto retry;
+
+        case FMT_NAMED: {
+          const char *start = p;
+          char term = (spec.subtype == '<') ? '>' : '}';
+
+          for (; p < end && *p != term; )
+            p++;
+          if (id) {
+            mrb_raisef(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "name%l after <%n>",
+                       start, p - start + 1, id);
+          }
+          CHECKNAMEARG(start, p - start + 1);
+          get_hash(mrb, &hash, argc, argv);
+          id = mrb_intern_check(mrb, start + 1, p - start - 1);
+          if (id) {
+            nextvalue = mrb_hash_fetch(mrb, hash, mrb_symbol_value(id), mrb_undef_value());
+          }
+          if (!id || mrb_undef_p(nextvalue)) {
+            mrb_raisef(mrb, E_KEY_ERROR, "key%l not found", start, p - start + 1);
+          }
+          if (term == '}') goto format_s;
+          p++;
+          goto retry;
+        }
+
+        case FMT_WIDTH:
+          CHECK_FOR_WIDTH(flags);
+          flags |= FWIDTH;
+          GETASTER(width);
+          if (width > INT16_MAX || INT16_MIN > width) {
+            mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "width too big");
+          }
+          if (width < 0) {
+            flags |= FMINUS;
+            width = -width;
+          }
+          p++;
+          goto retry;
+
+        case FMT_PREC:
+          if (flags & FPREC0) {
+            mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "precision given twice");
+          }
+          flags |= FPREC|FPREC0;
+
+          p++;
+          if (*p == '*') {
+            GETASTER(prec);
+            if (prec < 0) {  /* ignore negative precision */
+              flags &= ~FPREC;
+            }
+            p++;
+            goto retry;
+          }
+          GETNUM(prec, precision);
+          goto retry;
+
+        case FMT_LITERAL:
+          if (spec.subtype == 0) { /* \n or \0 */
+            p--;
+          }
+          if (flags != FNONE) {
+            mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "invalid format character - %");
+          }
+          PUSH("%", 1);
+          break;
+
+        case FMT_CHAR: {
+          /* CHARACTER FORMATTING (%c) */
+          mrb_value val = GETARG();
+          const char *c;
+          char cbuf[4];  /* stack buffer for character bytes */
+          int clen;
+
+          if (mrb_integer_p(val)) {
+            /* Integer: encode directly to stack buffer (no allocation) */
+            mrb_int code = mrb_integer(val);
+#ifdef MRB_UTF8_STRING
+            clen = (int)mrb_utf8_to_buf(cbuf, (uint32_t)code);
+            if (clen == 0) clen = 1;  /* invalid codepoint: write single byte */
+#else
+            cbuf[0] = (char)(code & 0xff);
+            clen = 1;
+#endif
+            c = cbuf;
+          }
+          else {
+            /* String: validate and use directly */
+            mrb_value tmp = mrb_check_string_type(mrb, val);
+            if (mrb_nil_p(tmp)) {
+              mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "invalid character");
+            }
+            if (RSTRING_LEN(tmp) != 1) {
+              mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "%c requires a character");
+            }
+            c = RSTRING_PTR(tmp);
+            clen = (int)RSTRING_LEN(tmp);
+          }
+
+          /* Format and output the character with width/alignment */
+          n = clen;
+          if (!(flags & FWIDTH)) {
+            PUSH(c, n);
+          }
+          else if ((flags & FMINUS)) {
+            PUSH(c, n);
+            if (width>0) FILL(' ', width-1);
+          }
+          else {
+            if (width>0) FILL(' ', width-1);
+            PUSH(c, n);
+          }
+        }
+        break;
+
+        case FMT_STRING:
+  format_s:
+        {
+          /* STRING FORMATTING (%s, %p) */
+          mrb_value arg = GETARG();
+          mrb_int len;
+          mrb_int slen;
+
+          /* Convert to string (with inspect for %p) */
+          if (spec.subtype == 1) arg = mrb_inspect(mrb, arg); /* 'p' format */
+          str = mrb_obj_as_string(mrb, arg);
+          len = RSTRING_LEN(str);
+
+          /* Update result string length for embedded strings */
+          if (RSTRING(result)->flags & MRB_STR_EMBED) {
+            mrb_int tmp_n = len;
+            RSTRING(result)->flags &= ~MRB_STR_EMBED_LEN_MASK;
+            RSTRING(result)->flags |= tmp_n << MRB_STR_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT;
+          }
+          else {
+            RSTRING(result)->as.heap.len = blen;
+          }
+
+          /* Handle precision and width formatting */
+          if (flags&(FPREC|FWIDTH)) {
+            slen = RSTRING_LEN(str);
+            if (slen < 0) {
+              mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "invalid mbstring sequence");
+            }
+            if ((flags&FPREC) && (prec < slen)) {
+              char *p = RSTRING_PTR(str) + prec;
+              slen = prec;
+              len = (mrb_int)(p - RSTRING_PTR(str));
+            }
+            /* Apply width formatting with padding */
+            if ((flags&FWIDTH) && (width > slen)) {
+              width -= (int)slen;
+              if (!(flags&FMINUS)) {
+                FILL(' ', width);
+              }
+              PUSH(RSTRING_PTR(str), len);
+              if (flags&FMINUS) {
+                FILL(' ', width);
+              }
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+          PUSH(RSTRING_PTR(str), len);
+          mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
+        }
+        break;
+
+        case FMT_INTEGER: {
+          /* INTEGER FORMATTING (%d, %i, %o, %x, %X, %b, %B, %u) */
+          mrb_value val = GETARG();
+          char nbuf[69], *s;
+          const char *prefix = NULL;
+          int sign = 0, dots = 0;
+          char sc = 0;
+          char fc = 0;
+          mrb_int v = 0;
+          int base;
+          int len;
+
+          /* Determine base and signedness from lookup table */
+          base = spec.base;
+          if (spec.subtype == 1) { /* signed formats: d, i, u */
+            sign = 1;
+          }
+
+          /* Set prefix for alternative format (#) */
+          if (flags & FSHARP) {
+            switch (base) {
+              case 8:  prefix = "0"; break;
+              case 16: prefix = (spec.subtype == 1) ? "0X" : "0x"; break;
+              case 2:  prefix = (spec.subtype == 1) ? "0B" : "0b"; break;
+              default: break;
+            }
+          }
+
+          /* Convert value to integer and format as string */
+  bin_retry:
+          switch (mrb_type(val)) {
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
+          case MRB_TT_FLOAT:
+            val = mrb_float_to_integer(mrb, val);
+            goto bin_retry;
+#endif
+#ifdef MRB_USE_BIGINT
+          case MRB_TT_BIGINT:
+            {
+              mrb_int n = (mrb_bint_cmp(mrb, val, mrb_fixnum_value(0)));
+              mrb_bool need_dots = ((flags & FPLUS) == 0) && (base == 16 || base == 8 || base == 2) && n < 0;
+              if (need_dots) {
+                val = mrb_bint_2comp(mrb, val);
+                dots = 1;
+                v = -1;
+              }
+              mrb_value str = mrb_bint_to_s(mrb, val, base);
+              s = RSTRING_PTR(str);
+              len = (int)RSTRING_LEN(str);
+            }
+            goto str_skip;
+#endif
+          case MRB_TT_STRING:
+            val = mrb_str_to_integer(mrb, val, 0, TRUE);
+            goto bin_retry;
+          case MRB_TT_INTEGER:
+            v = mrb_integer(val);
+            break;
+          default:
+            v = mrb_as_int(mrb, val);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        if (sign) {
+          if (v >= 0) {
+            if (flags & FPLUS) {
+              sc = '+';
+              width--;
+            }
+            else if (flags & FSPACE) {
+              sc = ' ';
+              width--;
+            }
+          }
+          else {
+            sc = '-';
+            width--;
+          }
+          s = mrb_int_to_cstr(nbuf, sizeof(nbuf), v, base);
+          if (v < 0) s++;       /* skip minus sign */
+        }
+        else {
+          /* print as unsigned */
+          s = mrb_uint_to_cstr(nbuf, sizeof(nbuf), v, base);
+          if (v < 0) {
+            dots = 1;
+          }
+        }
+
+        {
+          size_t size = strlen(s);
+          /* PARANOID: assert(size <= MRB_INT_MAX) */
+          len = (int)size;
+        }
+
+#ifdef MRB_USE_BIGINT
+      str_skip:
+#endif
+        switch (base) {
+        case 16:
+          fc = 'f'; break;
+        case 8:
+          fc = '7'; break;
+        case 2:
+          fc = '1'; break;
+        }
+
+        if (dots) {
+          if (base == 8 && (*s == '1' || *s == '3')) {
+            s++; len--;
+          }
+          while (*s == fc) {
+            s++; len--;
+          }
+        }
+          /* Convert to uppercase for X, B formats */
+          if (spec.subtype == 1) { /* uppercase formats: X, B */
+            char *pp = s;
+            int c;
+            while ((c = (int)(unsigned char)*pp) != 0) {
+              *pp = toupper(c);
+              pp++;
+            }
+            if (base == 16) {
+              fc = 'F';
+            }
+          }
+
+        if (prefix && !prefix[1]) { /* octal */
+          if (dots) {
+            prefix = NULL;
+          }
+          else if (len == 1 && *s == '0') {
+            len = 0;
+            if (flags & FPREC) prec--;
+          }
+          else if ((flags & FPREC) && (prec > len)) {
+            prefix = NULL;
+          }
+        }
+        else if (len == 1 && *s == '0') {
+          prefix = NULL;
+        }
+
+        if (prefix) {
+          size_t size = strlen(prefix);
+          /* PARANOID: assert(size <= MRB_INT_MAX).
+           *  this check is absolutely paranoid. */
+          width -= (int)size;
+        }
+
+        if ((flags & (FZERO|FMINUS|FPREC)) == FZERO) {
+          prec = width;
+          width = 0;
+        }
+        else {
+          if (prec < len) {
+            if (!prefix && prec == 0 && len == 1 && *s == '0') len = 0;
+            prec = len;
+          }
+          width -= prec;
+        }
+
+        if (!(flags&FMINUS) && width > 0) {
+          FILL(' ', width);
+          width = 0;
+        }
+
+        if (sc) PUSH(&sc, 1);
+
+        if (prefix) {
+          int plen = (int)strlen(prefix);
+          PUSH(prefix, plen);
+        }
+        if (dots) {
+          prec -= 2;
+          width -= 2;
+          PUSH("..", 2);
+          if (*s != fc) {
+            FILL(fc, 1);
+            prec--; width--;
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (prec > len) {
+          CHECK(prec - len);
+          if ((flags & (FMINUS|FPREC)) != FMINUS) {
+            char c = '0';
+            FILL(c, prec - len);
+          }
+          else if (v < 0) {
+            FILL(fc, prec - len);
+          }
+        }
+          PUSH(s, len);
+          if (width > 0) {
+            FILL(' ', width);
+          }
+        }
+        break;
+
+        case FMT_FLOAT: {
+          /* FLOAT FORMATTING (%f, %g, %G, %e, %E) */
+#ifdef MRB_NO_FLOAT
+          mrb_raisef(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "%%%c not supported with MRB_NO_FLOAT defined", spec.subtype);
+#else
+          mrb_value val = GETARG();
+        double fval;
+        mrb_int need = 6;
+
+        fval = mrb_as_float(mrb, val);
+        if (!isfinite(fval)) {
+          const char *expr;
+          const int elen = 3;
+          char sign = '\0';
+
+          if (isnan(fval)) {
+            expr = "NaN";
+          }
+          else {
+            expr = "Inf";
+          }
+          need = elen;
+          if (!isnan(fval) && fval < 0.0)
+            sign = '-';
+          else if (flags & (FPLUS|FSPACE))
+            sign = (flags & FPLUS) ? '+' : ' ';
+          if (sign)
+            need++;
+          if ((flags & FWIDTH) && need < width)
+            need = width;
+
+          if (need < 0) {
+            mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "width too big");
+          }
+          FILL(' ', need);
+          if (flags & FMINUS) {
+            if (sign)
+              buf[blen - need--] = sign;
+            memcpy(&buf[blen - need], expr, elen);
+          }
+          else {
+            if (sign)
+              buf[blen - elen - 1] = sign;
+            memcpy(&buf[blen - elen], expr, (size_t)elen);
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+
+        need = 0;
+        if (*p != 'e' && *p != 'E') {
+          int i;
+          frexp(fval, &i);
+          if (i > 0)
+            need = BIT_DIGITS(i);
+        }
+        if (need > MRB_INT_MAX - ((flags&FPREC) ? prec : 6)) {
+        too_big_width_prec:
+          mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR,
+                    (width > prec ? "width too big" : "prec too big"));
+        }
+        need += (flags&FPREC) ? prec : 6;
+        if ((flags&FWIDTH) && need < width)
+          need = width;
+        if ((mrb_int)need > MRB_INT_MAX - 20) {
+          goto too_big_width_prec;
+        }
+        need += 20;
+
+        CHECK(need);
+          n = fmt_float(&buf[blen], need, spec.subtype, flags, width, prec, fval);
+        if (n < 0 || n >= need) {
+          mrb_raise(mrb, E_RUNTIME_ERROR, "formatting error");
+        }
+          blen += n;
+#endif
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  sprint_exit:
+  mrb_str_resize(mrb, result, blen);
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     format(format_string [, arguments...] )   -> string
+ *     sprintf(format_string [, arguments...] )  -> string
+ *
+ *  Returns the string resulting from applying *format_string* to
+ *  any additional arguments.  Within the format string, any characters
+ *  other than format sequences are copied to the result.
+ *
+ *  The syntax of a format sequence is follows.
+ *
+ *    %[flags][width][.precision]type
+ *
+ *  A format
+ *  sequence consists of a percent sign, followed by optional flags,
+ *  width, and precision indicators, then terminated with a field type
+ *  character.  The field type controls how the corresponding
+ *  `sprintf` argument is to be interpreted, while the flags
+ *  modify that interpretation.
+ *
+ *  The field type characters are:
+ *
+ *      Field |  Integer Format
+ *      ------+--------------------------------------------------------------
+ *        b   | Convert argument as a binary number.
+ *            | Negative numbers will be displayed as a two's complement
+ *            | prefixed with '..1'.
+ *        B   | Equivalent to 'b', but uses an uppercase 0B for prefix
+ *            | in the alternative format by #.
+ *        d   | Convert argument as a decimal number.
+ *        i   | Identical to 'd'.
+ *        o   | Convert argument as an octal number.
+ *            | Negative numbers will be displayed as a two's complement
+ *            | prefixed with '..7'.
+ *        u   | Identical to 'd'.
+ *        x   | Convert argument as a hexadecimal number.
+ *            | Negative numbers will be displayed as a two's complement
+ *            | prefixed with '..f' (representing an infinite string of
+ *            | leading 'ff's).
+ *        X   | Equivalent to 'x', but uses uppercase letters.
+ *
+ *      Field |  Float Format
+ *      ------+--------------------------------------------------------------
+ *        e   | Convert floating-point argument into exponential notation
+ *            | with one digit before the decimal point as [-]d.dddddde[+-]dd.
+ *            | The precision specifies the number of digits after the decimal
+ *            | point (defaulting to six).
+ *        E   | Equivalent to 'e', but uses an uppercase E to indicate
+ *            | the exponent.
+ *        f   | Convert floating-point argument as [-]ddd.dddddd,
+ *            | where the precision specifies the number of digits after
+ *            | the decimal point.
+ *        g   | Convert a floating-point number using exponential form
+ *            | if the exponent is less than -4 or greater than or
+ *            | equal to the precision, or in dd.dddd form otherwise.
+ *            | The precision specifies the number of significant digits.
+ *        G   | Equivalent to 'g', but use an uppercase 'E' in exponent form.
+ *
+ *      Field |  Other Format
+ *      ------+--------------------------------------------------------------
+ *        c   | Argument is the numeric code for a single character or
+ *            | a single character string itself.
+ *        p   | The valuing of argument.inspect.
+ *        s   | Argument is a string to be substituted.  If the format
+ *            | sequence contains a precision, at most that many characters
+ *            | will be copied.
+ *        %   | A percent sign itself will be displayed.  No argument taken.
+ *
+ *  The flags modifies the behavior of the formats.
+ *  The flag characters are:
+ *
+ *    Flag     | Applies to    | Meaning
+ *    ---------+---------------+-----------------------------------------
+ *    space    | bBdiouxX      | Leave a space at the start of
+ *             | aAeEfgG       | non-negative numbers.
+ *             | (numeric fmt) | For 'o', 'x', 'X', 'b' and 'B', use
+ *             |               | a minus sign with absolute value for
+ *             |               | negative values.
+ *    ---------+---------------+-----------------------------------------
+ *    (digit)$ | all           | Specifies the absolute argument number
+ *             |               | for this field.  Absolute and relative
+ *             |               | argument numbers cannot be mixed in a
+ *             |               | sprintf string.
+ *    ---------+---------------+-----------------------------------------
+ *     #       | bBoxX         | Use an alternative format.
+ *             | aAeEfgG       | For the conversions 'o', increase the precision
+ *             |               | until the first digit will be '0' if
+ *             |               | it is not formatted as complements.
+ *             |               | For the conversions 'x', 'X', 'b' and 'B'
+ *             |               | on non-zero, prefix the result with "0x",
+ *             |               | "0X", "0b" and "0B", respectively.
+ *             |               | For 'e', 'E', 'f', 'g', and 'G',
+ *             |               | force a decimal point to be added,
+ *             |               | even if no digits follow.
+ *             |               | For 'g' and 'G', do not remove trailing zeros.
+ *    ---------+---------------+-----------------------------------------
+ *    +        | bBdiouxX      | Add a leading plus sign to non-negative
+ *             | aAeEfgG       | numbers.
+ *             | (numeric fmt) | For 'o', 'x', 'X', 'b' and 'B', use
+ *             |               | a minus sign with absolute value for
+ *             |               | negative values.
+ *    ---------+---------------+-----------------------------------------
+ *    -        | all           | Left-justify the result of this conversion.
+ *    ---------+---------------+-----------------------------------------
+ *    0 (zero) | bBdiouxX      | Pad with zeros, not spaces.
+ *             | aAeEfgG       | For 'o', 'x', 'X', 'b' and 'B', radix-1
+ *             | (numeric fmt) | is used for negative numbers formatted as
+ *             |               | complements.
+ *    ---------+---------------+-----------------------------------------
+ *    *        | all           | Use the next argument as the field width.
+ *             |               | If negative, left-justify the result. If the
+ *             |               | asterisk is followed by a number and a dollar
+ *             |               | sign, use the indicated argument as the width.
+ *
+ *  Examples of flags:
+ *
+ *   # '+' and space flag specifies the sign of non-negative numbers.
+ *   sprintf("%d", 123)  #=> "123"
+ *   sprintf("%+d", 123) #=> "+123"
+ *   sprintf("% d", 123) #=> " 123"
+ *
+ *   # '#' flag for 'o' increases number of digits to show '0'.
+ *   # '+' and space flag changes format of negative numbers.
+ *   sprintf("%o", 123)   #=> "173"
+ *   sprintf("%#o", 123)  #=> "0173"
+ *   sprintf("%+o", -123) #=> "-173"
+ *   sprintf("%o", -123)  #=> "..7605"
+ *   sprintf("%#o", -123) #=> "..7605"
+ *
+ *   # '#' flag for 'x' add a prefix '0x' for non-zero numbers.
+ *   # '+' and space flag disables complements for negative numbers.
+ *   sprintf("%x", 123)   #=> "7b"
+ *   sprintf("%#x", 123)  #=> "0x7b"
+ *   sprintf("%+x", -123) #=> "-7b"
+ *   sprintf("%x", -123)  #=> "..f85"
+ *   sprintf("%#x", -123) #=> "0x..f85"
+ *   sprintf("%#x", 0)    #=> "0"
+ *
+ *   # '#' for 'X' uses the prefix '0X'.
+ *   sprintf("%X", 123)  #=> "7B"
+ *   sprintf("%#X", 123) #=> "0X7B"
+ *
+ *   # '#' flag for 'b' add a prefix '0b' for non-zero numbers.
+ *   # '+' and space flag disables complements for negative numbers.
+ *   sprintf("%b", 123)   #=> "1111011"
+ *   sprintf("%#b", 123)  #=> "0b1111011"
+ *   sprintf("%+b", -123) #=> "-1111011"
+ *   sprintf("%b", -123)  #=> "..10000101"
+ *   sprintf("%#b", -123) #=> "0b..10000101"
+ *   sprintf("%#b", 0)    #=> "0"
+ *
+ *   # '#' for 'B' uses the prefix '0B'.
+ *   sprintf("%B", 123)  #=> "1111011"
+ *   sprintf("%#B", 123) #=> "0B1111011"
+ *
+ *   # '#' for 'e' forces to show the decimal point.
+ *   sprintf("%.0e", 1)  #=> "1e+00"
+ *   sprintf("%#.0e", 1) #=> "1.e+00"
+ *
+ *   # '#' for 'f' forces to show the decimal point.
+ *   sprintf("%.0f", 1234)  #=> "1234"
+ *   sprintf("%#.0f", 1234) #=> "1234."
+ *
+ *   # '#' for 'g' forces to show the decimal point.
+ *   # It also disables stripping lowest zeros.
+ *   sprintf("%g", 123.4)   #=> "123.4"
+ *   sprintf("%#g", 123.4)  #=> "123.400"
+ *   sprintf("%g", 123456)  #=> "123456"
+ *   sprintf("%#g", 123456) #=> "123456."
+ *
+ *  The field width is an optional integer, followed optionally by a
+ *  period and a precision.  The width specifies the minimum number of
+ *  characters that will be written to the result for this field.
+ *
+ *  Examples of width:
+ *
+ *   # padding is done by spaces,       width=20
+ *   # 0 or radix-1.             <------------------>
+ *   sprintf("%20d", 123)   #=> "                 123"
+ *   sprintf("%+20d", 123)  #=> "                +123"
+ *   sprintf("%020d", 123)  #=> "00000000000000000123"
+ *   sprintf("%+020d", 123) #=> "+0000000000000000123"
+ *   sprintf("% 020d", 123) #=> " 0000000000000000123"
+ *   sprintf("%-20d", 123)  #=> "123                 "
+ *   sprintf("%-+20d", 123) #=> "+123                "
+ *   sprintf("%- 20d", 123) #=> " 123                "
+ *   sprintf("%020x", -123) #=> "..ffffffffffffffff85"
+ *
+ *  For
+ *  numeric fields, the precision controls the number of decimal places
+ *  displayed.  For string fields, the precision determines the maximum
+ *  number of characters to be copied from the string.  (Thus, the format
+ *  sequence `%10.10s` will always contribute exactly ten
+ *  characters to the result.)
+ *
+ *  Examples of precisions:
+ *
+ *   # precision for 'd', 'o', 'x' and 'b' is
+ *   # minimum number of digits               <------>
+ *   sprintf("%20.8d", 123)  #=> "            00000123"
+ *   sprintf("%20.8o", 123)  #=> "            00000173"
+ *   sprintf("%20.8x", 123)  #=> "            0000007b"
+ *   sprintf("%20.8b", 123)  #=> "            01111011"
+ *   sprintf("%20.8d", -123) #=> "           -00000123"
+ *   sprintf("%20.8o", -123) #=> "            ..777605"
+ *   sprintf("%20.8x", -123) #=> "            ..ffff85"
+ *   sprintf("%20.8b", -11)  #=> "            ..110101"
+ *
+ *   # "0x" and "0b" for '#x' and '#b' is not counted for
+ *   # precision but "0" for '#o' is counted.  <------>
+ *   sprintf("%#20.8d", 123)  #=> "            00000123"
+ *   sprintf("%#20.8o", 123)  #=> "            00000173"
+ *   sprintf("%#20.8x", 123)  #=> "          0x0000007b"
+ *   sprintf("%#20.8b", 123)  #=> "          0b01111011"
+ *   sprintf("%#20.8d", -123) #=> "           -00000123"
+ *   sprintf("%#20.8o", -123) #=> "            ..777605"
+ *   sprintf("%#20.8x", -123) #=> "          0x..ffff85"
+ *   sprintf("%#20.8b", -11)  #=> "          0b..110101"
+ *
+ *   # precision for 'e' is number of
+ *   # digits after the decimal point           <------>
+ *   sprintf("%20.8e", 1234.56789) #=> "      1.23456789e+03"
+ *
+ *   # precision for 'f' is number of
+ *   # digits after the decimal point               <------>
+ *   sprintf("%20.8f", 1234.56789) #=> "       1234.56789000"
+ *
+ *   # precision for 'g' is number of
+ *   # significant digits                          <------->
+ *   sprintf("%20.8g", 1234.56789) #=> "           1234.5679"
+ *
+ *   #                                         <------->
+ *   sprintf("%20.8g", 123456789)  #=> "       1.2345679e+08"
+ *
+ *   # precision for 's' is
+ *   # maximum number of characters                    <------>
+ *   sprintf("%20.8s", "string test") #=> "            string t"
+ *
+ *  Examples:
+ *
+ *     sprintf("%d %04x", 123, 123)               #=> "123 007b"
+ *     sprintf("%08b '%4s'", 123, 123)            #=> "01111011 ' 123'"
+ *     sprintf("%1$*2$s %2$d %1$s", "hello", 8)   #=> "   hello 8 hello"
+ *     sprintf("%1$*2$s %2$d", "hello", -8)       #=> "hello    -8"
+ *     sprintf("%+g:% g:%-g", 1.23, 1.23, 1.23)   #=> "+1.23: 1.23:1.23"
+ *     sprintf("%u", -123)                        #=> "-123"
+ *
+ *  For more complex formatting, Ruby supports a reference by name.
+ *  %<name>s style uses format style, but %{name} style doesn't.
+ *
+ *  Examples:
+ *    sprintf("%<foo>d : %<bar>f", { :foo => 1, :bar => 2 })
+ *      #=> 1 : 2.000000
+ *    sprintf("%{foo}f", { :foo => 1 })
+ *      # => "1f"
+ */
+
+static mrb_value
+mrb_f_sprintf(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj)
+{
+  mrb_int argc;
+  const mrb_value *argv;
+
+  mrb_get_args(mrb, "*", &argv, &argc);
+
+  if (argc <= 0) {
+    mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "too few arguments");
+    return mrb_nil_value();
+  }
+  else {
+    return mrb_str_format(mrb, argc - 1, argv + 1, argv[0]);
+  }
+}
+
+void
+mrb_mruby_sprintf_gem_init(mrb_state *mrb)
+{
+  struct RClass *krn = mrb->kernel_module;
+  mrb_define_module_function_id(mrb, krn, MRB_SYM(sprintf), mrb_f_sprintf, MRB_ARGS_ANY());
+  mrb_define_module_function_id(mrb, krn, MRB_SYM(format),  mrb_f_sprintf, MRB_ARGS_ANY());
+}
+
+void
+mrb_mruby_sprintf_gem_final(mrb_state *mrb)
+{
+}