commonmeta-ruby 3.5.5 → 3.6

data/spec/fixtures/vcr_cassettes/Commonmeta_Metadata/write_metadata_as_crossref/json_feed_item_from_rogue_scholar_with_relations.yml

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-      string: '{"id":"8a4de443-3347-4b82-b57d-e3c82b6485fc","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53731/r79v4e1-97aq74v-ag578","url":"https://blog.front-matter.io/posts/differences-between-orcid-and-datacite-metadata","title":"Differences
-        between ORCID and DataCite Metadata","summary":"One of the first tasks for
-        DataCite in the European Commission-funded THOR project, which started in
-        June, was to contribute to a comparison of the ORCID and DataCite metadata
-        standards.","content_html":" <p><img src=\"https://blog.front-matter.io/content/images/2023/09/cat_and_dog-1.png\"
-        /></p><p>One of the first tasks for DataCite in the European Commission-funded
-        <a href=\"http://project-thor.eu/\">THOR project</a>, which started in June,
-        was to contribute to a comparison of the ORCID and DataCite metadata standards.
-        Together with ORCID, CERN, the British Library and Dryad we looked at how
-        contributors, organizations and artefacts - and the relations between them
-        - are described in the respective metadata schemata, and how they are implemented
-        in two example data repositories, <a href=\"http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/\">Archaeology
-        Data Service</a> and <a href=\"https://www.datadryad.org/\">Dryad Digital
-        Repository</a>.</p>\n<p>The focus of our work was on identifying major gaps.
-        Our report was finished and made publicly available last week (Fenner et al.,
-        <a href=\"https://blog.datacite.org/differences-between-orcid-and-datacite-metadata/#ref-https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.30799\">2015</a>).
-        The key findings are summarized below:</p>\n<ul><li>Common Approach to Personal
-        Names</li><li>Standardized Contributor Roles</li><li>Standardized Relation
-        Types</li><li>Metadata for Organisations</li><li>Persistent Identifiers for
-        Projects</li><li>Harmonization of ORCID and DataCite Metadata</li></ul>\n<h3>Common
-        Approach to Personal Names</h3>\n<p>While a single input field for contributor
-        names is common, separate fields for given and family names are required for
-        <a href=\"http://docs.citationstyles.org/en/stable/specification.html#names\">proper
-        formatting of citations</a>. As long as citations to scholarly content rely
-        on properly formatted text rather than persistent identifiers, services holding
-        bibliographic information have to support these separate fields. Further work
-        is needed to help with the transition to separate input fields for given and
-        famliy names, and to handle contributors that are organizations or groups
-        of people.</p>\n<h3>Standardized Contributor Roles</h3>\n<p>The currently
-        existing vocabularies for <strong>contributor type</strong> (DataCite) and
-        <strong>contributor role</strong> (ORCID) provide a high-level description,
-        but fall short when trying to describe the author/creator contribution in
-        more detail. <a href=\"http://docs.casrai.org/CRediT\">Project CRediT</a>
-        is a multi-stakeholder initiative that has developed a common vocabulary with
-        14 different contributor roles, and this vocabulary can be used to provide
-        this detail, e.g. who provided resources such as reagents or samples, who
-        did the statistical analysis, or who contributed to the methodology of a study.</p>\n<p>CRediT
-        is complementary to existing contributor role vocabularies such as those by
-        ORCID and DataCite. For contributor roles it is particularly important that
-        the same vocabulary is used across stakeholders, so that the roles described
-        in the data center can be forwarded first to DataCite, then to ORCID, and
-        then also to other places such as institutional repositories.</p>\n<h3>Standardized
-        Relation Types</h3>\n<p>Capturing relations between scholarly works such as
-        datasets in a standardized way is important, as these relations are used for
-        citations and thus the basis for many indicators of scholarly impact. Currently
-        used vocabularies for relation types between scholarly works, e.g. by CrossRef
-        and DataCite, only partly overlap. In addition we see differences in community
-        practices, e.g. some scholars but not others reserve the term citation for
-        links between two scholarly articles. The term data citation is sometimes
-        used for all links from scholarly works to datasets, but other times reserved
-        for formal citations appearing in reference lists.</p>\n<h3>Metadata for Organisations</h3>\n<p>Both
-        ORCID and DataCite not only provide persistent identifiers for people and
-        data, but they also collect metadata around these persistent identifiers,
-        in particular links to other identifiers. The use of persistent identifiers
-        for organizations lags behind the use of persistent identifiers for research
-        outputs and people, and more work is needed.</p>\n<h3>Persistent Identifiers
-        for Projects</h3>\n<p>Research projects are collaborative activities among
-        contributors that may change over time. Projects have a start and end date
-        and are often funded by a grant. The existing persistent identifier (PID)
-        infrastructure does support artefacts, contributors and organisations, but
-        there is no first-class PID support for projects. This creates a major gap
-        that becomes obvious when we try to describe the relationships between funders,
-        contributors and research outputs.</p>\n<p>Both the ORCID and DataCite metadata
-        support funding information, but only as direct links to contributors or research
-        outputs, respectively. This not only makes it difficult to exchange funding
-        information between DataCite and ORCID, but also fails to adequately model
-        the sometimes complex relationships, e.g. when multiple funders and grants
-        were involved in supporting a research output. We therefore not only need
-        persistent identifiers for projects, but also infrastructure for collecting
-        and aggregating links to contributors and artefacts.</p>\n<h3>Harmonization
-        of ORCID and DataCite Metadata</h3>\n<p>We identified significant differences
-        between the ORCID and DataCite metadata schema, and these differences hinder
-        the flow of information between the two services. Several different approaches
-        to overcome these differences are conceivable:</p>\n<ol><li>only use a common
-        subset, relying on linked persistent identifiers to get the full metadata</li><li>harmonize
-        the ORCID and DataCite metadata schemata</li><li>common API exchange formats
-        for metadata</li></ol>\n<p>The first approach is the linked open data approach,
-        and was designed specifically for scenarios like this. One limitation is that
-        it requires persistent identifiers for all relevant attributes (e.g. for every
-        creator/contributor in the DataCite metadata). One major objective for THOR
-        is therefore to increase the use of persistent identifiers, both by THOR partners,
-        and by the community at large.</p>\n<p>A common metadata schema between ORCID
-        and DataCite is neither feasible nor necessarily needed. In addition, we have
-        to also consider interoperability with other metadata standards (e.g. CASRAI,
-        OpenAIRE, COAR), and with other artifacts, such as those having CrossRef DOIs.
-        What is more realistic is harmonization across a limited set essential metadata.</p>\n<p>The
-        third approach to improve interoperability uses a common API format that includes
-        all the metadata that need to be exchanged, but doesn’t require the metadata
-        schema itself to change. This approach was <a href=\"https://www.crossref.org/blog/crossref-and-datacite-unify-support-for-http-content-negotiation/\">taken
-        by DataCite and CrossRef a few years ago</a> to provide metadata for DOIs
-        in a consistent way despite significant differences in the CrossRef and DataCite
-        metadata schema. Using HTTP content negotiation, metadata are provided in
-        a variety of formats.</p>\n<h2>References</h2>\n<p>Fenner M, Demeranville
-        T, Kotarski R, et al. <em>D2.1: Artefact, Contributor, And Organisation Relationship
-        Data Schema</em>. Zenodo; 2015. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.30799\">10.5281/ZENODO.30799</a></p>\n<h2>Notes</h2>\n<p>This
-        blog post was <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5438/bc11-cqw1\">originally published</a>
-        on the DataCite Blog.</p> ","published_at":1442534400,"updated_at":1693949721,"indexed_at":1693950834,"authors":[{"url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1419-2405","name":"Martin
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