activesupport 1.2.4 → 8.1.2

data/lib/active_support/cache.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,1170 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "zlib"
+require "active_support/core_ext/array/extract_options"
+require "active_support/core_ext/enumerable"
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors"
+require "active_support/core_ext/numeric/bytes"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/to_param"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/try"
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/inflections"
+require_relative "cache/coder"
+require_relative "cache/entry"
+require_relative "cache/serializer_with_fallback"
+
+module ActiveSupport
+  # See ActiveSupport::Cache::Store for documentation.
+  module Cache
+    autoload :FileStore,        "active_support/cache/file_store"
+    autoload :MemoryStore,      "active_support/cache/memory_store"
+    autoload :MemCacheStore,    "active_support/cache/mem_cache_store"
+    autoload :NullStore,        "active_support/cache/null_store"
+    autoload :RedisCacheStore,  "active_support/cache/redis_cache_store"
+
+    # These options mean something to all cache implementations. Individual cache
+    # implementations may support additional options.
+    UNIVERSAL_OPTIONS = [
+      :coder,
+      :compress,
+      :compress_threshold,
+      :compressor,
+      :expire_in,
+      :expired_in,
+      :expires_in,
+      :namespace,
+      :race_condition_ttl,
+      :serializer,
+      :skip_nil,
+      :raw,
+      :max_key_size,
+    ]
+
+    # Mapping of canonical option names to aliases that a store will recognize.
+    OPTION_ALIASES = {
+      expires_in: [:expire_in, :expired_in]
+    }.freeze
+
+    DEFAULT_COMPRESS_LIMIT = 1.kilobyte
+
+    # Raised by coders when the cache entry can't be deserialized.
+    # This error is treated as a cache miss.
+    DeserializationError = Class.new(StandardError)
+
+    module Strategy
+      autoload :LocalCache, "active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache"
+    end
+
+    @format_version = 7.0
+
+    class << self
+      attr_accessor :format_version
+
+      # Creates a new Store object according to the given options.
+      #
+      # If no arguments are passed to this method, then a new
+      # ActiveSupport::Cache::MemoryStore object will be returned.
+      #
+      # If you pass a Symbol as the first argument, then a corresponding cache
+      # store class under the ActiveSupport::Cache namespace will be created.
+      # For example:
+      #
+      #   ActiveSupport::Cache.lookup_store(:memory_store)
+      #   # => returns a new ActiveSupport::Cache::MemoryStore object
+      #
+      #   ActiveSupport::Cache.lookup_store(:mem_cache_store)
+      #   # => returns a new ActiveSupport::Cache::MemCacheStore object
+      #
+      # Any additional arguments will be passed to the corresponding cache store
+      # class's constructor:
+      #
+      #   ActiveSupport::Cache.lookup_store(:file_store, '/tmp/cache')
+      #   # => same as: ActiveSupport::Cache::FileStore.new('/tmp/cache')
+      #
+      # If the first argument is not a Symbol, then it will simply be returned:
+      #
+      #   ActiveSupport::Cache.lookup_store(MyOwnCacheStore.new)
+      #   # => returns MyOwnCacheStore.new
+      def lookup_store(store = nil, *parameters)
+        case store
+        when Symbol
+          options = parameters.extract_options!
+          retrieve_store_class(store).new(*parameters, **options)
+        when Array
+          lookup_store(*store)
+        when nil
+          ActiveSupport::Cache::MemoryStore.new
+        else
+          store
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Expands out the +key+ argument into a key that can be used for the
+      # cache store. Optionally accepts a namespace, and all keys will be
+      # scoped within that namespace.
+      #
+      # If the +key+ argument provided is an array, or responds to +to_a+, then
+      # each of elements in the array will be turned into parameters/keys and
+      # concatenated into a single key. For example:
+      #
+      #   ActiveSupport::Cache.expand_cache_key([:foo, :bar])               # => "foo/bar"
+      #   ActiveSupport::Cache.expand_cache_key([:foo, :bar], "namespace")  # => "namespace/foo/bar"
+      #
+      # The +key+ argument can also respond to +cache_key+ or +to_param+.
+      def expand_cache_key(key, namespace = nil)
+        expanded_cache_key = namespace ? +"#{namespace}/" : +""
+
+        if prefix = ENV["RAILS_CACHE_ID"] || ENV["RAILS_APP_VERSION"]
+          expanded_cache_key << "#{prefix}/"
+        end
+
+        expanded_cache_key << retrieve_cache_key(key)
+        expanded_cache_key
+      end
+
+      private
+        def retrieve_cache_key(key)
+          case
+          when key.respond_to?(:cache_key_with_version) then key.cache_key_with_version
+          when key.respond_to?(:cache_key)              then key.cache_key
+          when key.is_a?(Array)                         then key.map { |element| retrieve_cache_key(element) }.to_param
+          when key.respond_to?(:to_a)                   then retrieve_cache_key(key.to_a)
+          else                                               key.to_param
+          end.to_s
+        end
+
+        # Obtains the specified cache store class, given the name of the +store+.
+        # Raises an error when the store class cannot be found.
+        def retrieve_store_class(store)
+          # require_relative cannot be used here because the class might be
+          # provided by another gem, like redis-activesupport for example.
+          require "active_support/cache/#{store}"
+        rescue LoadError => e
+          raise "Could not find cache store adapter for #{store} (#{e})"
+        else
+          ActiveSupport::Cache.const_get(store.to_s.camelize)
+        end
+    end
+
+    # = Active Support \Cache \Store
+    #
+    # An abstract cache store class. There are multiple cache store
+    # implementations, each having its own additional features. See the classes
+    # under the ActiveSupport::Cache module, e.g.
+    # ActiveSupport::Cache::MemCacheStore. MemCacheStore is currently the most
+    # popular cache store for large production websites.
+    #
+    # Some implementations may not support all methods beyond the basic cache
+    # methods of #fetch, #write, #read, #exist?, and #delete.
+    #
+    # +ActiveSupport::Cache::Store+ can store any Ruby object that is supported
+    # by its +coder+'s +dump+ and +load+ methods.
+    #
+    #   cache = ActiveSupport::Cache::MemoryStore.new
+    #
+    #   cache.read('city')   # => nil
+    #   cache.write('city', "Duckburgh") # => true
+    #   cache.read('city')   # => "Duckburgh"
+    #
+    #   cache.write('not serializable', Proc.new {}) # => TypeError
+    #
+    # Keys are always translated into Strings and are case sensitive. When an
+    # object is specified as a key and has a +cache_key+ method defined, this
+    # method will be called to define the key.  Otherwise, the +to_param+
+    # method will be called. Hashes and Arrays can also be used as keys. The
+    # elements will be delimited by slashes, and the elements within a Hash
+    # will be sorted by key so they are consistent.
+    #
+    #   cache.read('city') == cache.read(:city)   # => true
+    #
+    # Nil values can be cached.
+    #
+    # If your cache is on a shared infrastructure, you can define a namespace
+    # for your cache entries. If a namespace is defined, it will be prefixed on
+    # to every key. The namespace can be either a static value or a Proc. If it
+    # is a Proc, it will be invoked when each key is evaluated so that you can
+    # use application logic to invalidate keys.
+    #
+    #   cache.namespace = -> { @last_mod_time }  # Set the namespace to a variable
+    #   @last_mod_time = Time.now  # Invalidate the entire cache by changing namespace
+    #
+    class Store
+      # Default +ConnectionPool+ options
+      DEFAULT_POOL_OPTIONS = { size: 5, timeout: 5 }.freeze
+
+      # Keys are truncated with the Active Support digest if they exceed the limit.
+      MAX_KEY_SIZE = 250
+
+      cattr_accessor :logger, instance_writer: true
+      cattr_accessor :raise_on_invalid_cache_expiration_time, default: false
+
+      attr_reader :silence, :options
+      alias :silence? :silence
+
+      class << self
+        private
+          def retrieve_pool_options(options)
+            if options.key?(:pool)
+              pool_options = options.delete(:pool)
+            else
+              pool_options = true
+            end
+
+            case pool_options
+            when false, nil
+              return false
+            when true
+              pool_options = DEFAULT_POOL_OPTIONS
+            when Hash
+              pool_options[:size] = Integer(pool_options[:size]) if pool_options.key?(:size)
+              pool_options[:timeout] = Float(pool_options[:timeout]) if pool_options.key?(:timeout)
+              pool_options = DEFAULT_POOL_OPTIONS.merge(pool_options)
+            else
+              raise TypeError, "Invalid :pool argument, expected Hash, got: #{pool_options.inspect}"
+            end
+
+            pool_options unless pool_options.empty?
+          end
+      end
+
+      # Creates a new cache.
+      #
+      # ==== Options
+      #
+      # [+:namespace+]
+      #   Sets the namespace for the cache. This option is especially useful if
+      #   your application shares a cache with other applications.
+      #
+      # [+:serializer+]
+      #   The serializer for cached values. Must respond to +dump+ and +load+.
+      #
+      #   The default serializer depends on the cache format version (set via
+      #   +config.active_support.cache_format_version+ when using Rails). The
+      #   default serializer for each format version includes a fallback
+      #   mechanism to deserialize values from any format version. This behavior
+      #   makes it easy to migrate between format versions without invalidating
+      #   the entire cache.
+      #
+      #   You can also specify <tt>serializer: :message_pack</tt> to use a
+      #   preconfigured serializer based on ActiveSupport::MessagePack. The
+      #   +:message_pack+ serializer includes the same deserialization fallback
+      #   mechanism, allowing easy migration from (or to) the default
+      #   serializer. The +:message_pack+ serializer may improve performance,
+      #   but it requires the +msgpack+ gem.
+      #
+      # [+:compressor+]
+      #   The compressor for serialized cache values. Must respond to +deflate+
+      #   and +inflate+.
+      #
+      #   The default compressor is +Zlib+. To define a new custom compressor
+      #   that also decompresses old cache entries, you can check compressed
+      #   values for Zlib's <tt>"\x78"</tt> signature:
+      #
+      #     module MyCompressor
+      #       def self.deflate(dumped)
+      #         # compression logic... (make sure result does not start with "\x78"!)
+      #       end
+      #
+      #       def self.inflate(compressed)
+      #         if compressed.start_with?("\x78")
+      #           Zlib.inflate(compressed)
+      #         else
+      #           # decompression logic...
+      #         end
+      #       end
+      #     end
+      #
+      #     ActiveSupport::Cache.lookup_store(:redis_cache_store, compressor: MyCompressor)
+      #
+      # [+:coder+]
+      #   The coder for serializing and (optionally) compressing cache entries.
+      #   Must respond to +dump+ and +load+.
+      #
+      #   The default coder composes the serializer and compressor, and includes
+      #   some performance optimizations. If you only need to override the
+      #   serializer or compressor, you should specify the +:serializer+ or
+      #   +:compressor+ options instead.
+      #
+      #   If the store can handle cache entries directly, you may also specify
+      #   <tt>coder: nil</tt> to omit the serializer, compressor, and coder. For
+      #   example, if you are using ActiveSupport::Cache::MemoryStore and can
+      #   guarantee that cache values will not be mutated, you can specify
+      #   <tt>coder: nil</tt> to avoid the overhead of safeguarding against
+      #   mutation.
+      #
+      #   The +:coder+ option is mutually exclusive with the +:serializer+ and
+      #   +:compressor+ options. Specifying them together will raise an
+      #   +ArgumentError+.
+      #
+      # Any other specified options are treated as default options for the
+      # relevant cache operations, such as #read, #write, and #fetch.
+      def initialize(options = nil)
+        @options = options ? validate_options(normalize_options(options)) : {}
+
+        @options[:compress] = true unless @options.key?(:compress)
+        @options[:compress_threshold] ||= DEFAULT_COMPRESS_LIMIT
+
+        @max_key_size = @options.delete(:max_key_size)
+        @max_key_size = MAX_KEY_SIZE if @max_key_size.nil? # allow 'false' as a value
+
+        @coder = @options.delete(:coder) do
+          legacy_serializer = Cache.format_version < 7.1 && !@options[:serializer]
+          serializer = @options.delete(:serializer) || default_serializer
+          serializer = Cache::SerializerWithFallback[serializer] if serializer.is_a?(Symbol)
+          compressor = @options.delete(:compressor) { Zlib }
+
+          Cache::Coder.new(serializer, compressor, legacy_serializer: legacy_serializer)
+        end
+
+        @coder ||= Cache::SerializerWithFallback[:passthrough]
+
+        @coder_supports_compression = @coder.respond_to?(:dump_compressed)
+      end
+
+      # Silences the logger.
+      def silence!
+        @silence = true
+        self
+      end
+
+      # Silences the logger within a block.
+      def mute
+        previous_silence, @silence = @silence, true
+        yield
+      ensure
+        @silence = previous_silence
+      end
+
+      # Fetches data from the cache, using the given key. If there is data in
+      # the cache with the given key, then that data is returned.
+      #
+      # If there is no such data in the cache (a cache miss), then +nil+ will be
+      # returned. However, if a block has been passed, that block will be passed
+      # the key and executed in the event of a cache miss. The return value of the
+      # block will be written to the cache under the given cache key, and that
+      # return value will be returned.
+      #
+      #   cache.write('today', 'Monday')
+      #   cache.fetch('today')  # => "Monday"
+      #
+      #   cache.fetch('city')   # => nil
+      #   cache.fetch('city') do
+      #     'Duckburgh'
+      #   end
+      #   cache.fetch('city')   # => "Duckburgh"
+      #
+      # ==== Options
+      #
+      # Internally, +fetch+ calls +read_entry+, and calls +write_entry+ on a
+      # cache miss. Thus, +fetch+ supports the same options as #read and #write.
+      # Additionally, +fetch+ supports the following options:
+      #
+      # * <tt>force: true</tt> - Forces a cache "miss," meaning we treat the
+      #   cache value as missing even if it's present. Passing a block is
+      #   required when +force+ is true so this always results in a cache write.
+      #
+      #     cache.write('today', 'Monday')
+      #     cache.fetch('today', force: true) { 'Tuesday' } # => 'Tuesday'
+      #     cache.fetch('today', force: true) # => ArgumentError
+      #
+      #   The +:force+ option is useful when you're calling some other method to
+      #   ask whether you should force a cache write. Otherwise, it's clearer to
+      #   just call +write+.
+      #
+      # * <tt>skip_nil: true</tt> - Prevents caching a nil result:
+      #
+      #     cache.fetch('foo') { nil }
+      #     cache.fetch('bar', skip_nil: true) { nil }
+      #     cache.exist?('foo') # => true
+      #     cache.exist?('bar') # => false
+      #
+      # * +:race_condition_ttl+ - Specifies the number of seconds during which
+      #   an expired value can be reused while a new value is being generated.
+      #   This can be used to prevent race conditions when cache entries expire,
+      #   by preventing multiple processes from simultaneously regenerating the
+      #   same entry (also known as the dog pile effect).
+      #
+      #   When a process encounters a cache entry that has expired less than
+      #   +:race_condition_ttl+ seconds ago, it will bump the expiration time by
+      #   +:race_condition_ttl+ seconds before generating a new value. During
+      #   this extended time window, while the process generates a new value,
+      #   other processes will continue to use the old value. After the first
+      #   process writes the new value, other processes will then use it.
+      #
+      #   If the first process errors out while generating a new value, another
+      #   process can try to generate a new value after the extended time window
+      #   has elapsed.
+      #
+      #     # Set all values to expire after one second.
+      #     cache = ActiveSupport::Cache::MemoryStore.new(expires_in: 1)
+      #
+      #     cache.write("foo", "original value")
+      #     val_1 = nil
+      #     val_2 = nil
+      #     p cache.read("foo") # => "original value"
+      #
+      #     sleep 1 # wait until the cache expires
+      #
+      #     t1 = Thread.new do
+      #       # fetch does the following:
+      #       # 1. gets an recent expired entry
+      #       # 2. extends the expiry by 2 seconds (race_condition_ttl)
+      #       # 3. regenerates the new value
+      #       val_1 = cache.fetch("foo", race_condition_ttl: 2) do
+      #         sleep 1
+      #         "new value 1"
+      #       end
+      #     end
+      #
+      #     # Wait until t1 extends the expiry of the entry
+      #     # but before generating the new value
+      #     sleep 0.1
+      #
+      #     val_2 = cache.fetch("foo", race_condition_ttl: 2) do
+      #       # This block won't be executed because t1 extended the expiry
+      #       "new value 2"
+      #     end
+      #
+      #     t1.join
+      #
+      #     p val_1 # => "new value 1"
+      #     p val_2 # => "original value"
+      #     p cache.fetch("foo") # => "new value 1"
+      #
+      #     # The entry requires 3 seconds to expire (expires_in + race_condition_ttl)
+      #     # We have waited 2 seconds already (sleep(1) + t1.join) thus we need to wait 1
+      #     # more second to see the entry expire.
+      #     sleep 1
+      #
+      #     p cache.fetch("foo") # => nil
+      #
+      # ==== Dynamic Options
+      #
+      # In some cases it may be necessary to dynamically compute options based
+      # on the cached value. To support this, an ActiveSupport::Cache::WriteOptions
+      # instance is passed as the second argument to the block. For example:
+      #
+      #     cache.fetch("authentication-token:#{user.id}") do |key, options|
+      #       token = authenticate_to_service
+      #       options.expires_at = token.expires_at
+      #       token
+      #     end
+      #
+      def fetch(name, options = nil, &block)
+        if block_given?
+          options = merged_options(options)
+          key = normalize_key(name, options)
+
+          entry = nil
+          unless options[:force]
+            instrument(:read, key, options) do |payload|
+              cached_entry = read_entry(key, **options, event: payload)
+              entry = handle_expired_entry(cached_entry, key, options)
+              if entry
+                if entry.mismatched?(normalize_version(name, options))
+                  entry = nil
+                else
+                  begin
+                    entry.value
+                  rescue DeserializationError
+                    entry = nil
+                  end
+                end
+              end
+              payload[:super_operation] = :fetch if payload
+              payload[:hit] = !!entry if payload
+            end
+          end
+
+          if entry
+            get_entry_value(entry, name, options)
+          else
+            save_block_result_to_cache(name, key, options, &block)
+          end
+        elsif options && options[:force]
+          raise ArgumentError, "Missing block: Calling `Cache#fetch` with `force: true` requires a block."
+        else
+          read(name, options)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Reads data from the cache, using the given key. If there is data in
+      # the cache with the given key, then that data is returned. Otherwise,
+      # +nil+ is returned.
+      #
+      # Note, if data was written with the <tt>:expires_in</tt> or
+      # <tt>:version</tt> options, both of these conditions are applied before
+      # the data is returned.
+      #
+      # ==== Options
+      #
+      # * +:namespace+ - Replace the store namespace for this call.
+      # * +:version+ - Specifies a version for the cache entry. If the cached
+      #   version does not match the requested version, the read will be treated
+      #   as a cache miss. This feature is used to support recyclable cache keys.
+      #
+      # Other options will be handled by the specific cache store implementation.
+      def read(name, options = nil)
+        options = merged_options(options)
+        key     = normalize_key(name, options)
+        version = normalize_version(name, options)
+
+        instrument(:read, key, options) do |payload|
+          entry = read_entry(key, **options, event: payload)
+
+          if entry
+            if entry.expired?
+              delete_entry(key, **options)
+              payload[:hit] = false if payload
+              nil
+            elsif entry.mismatched?(version)
+              payload[:hit] = false if payload
+              nil
+            else
+              payload[:hit] = true if payload
+              begin
+                entry.value
+              rescue DeserializationError
+                payload[:hit] = false
+                nil
+              end
+            end
+          else
+            payload[:hit] = false if payload
+            nil
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Reads multiple values at once from the cache. Options can be passed
+      # in the last argument.
+      #
+      # Some cache implementation may optimize this method.
+      #
+      # Returns a hash mapping the names provided to the values found.
+      def read_multi(*names)
+        return {} if names.empty?
+
+        options = names.extract_options!
+        options = merged_options(options)
+        keys    = names.map { |name| normalize_key(name, options) }
+
+        instrument_multi :read_multi, keys, options do |payload|
+          read_multi_entries(names, **options, event: payload).tap do |results|
+            payload[:hits] = results.keys.map { |name| normalize_key(name, options) }
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Cache Storage API to write multiple values at once.
+      def write_multi(hash, options = nil)
+        return hash if hash.empty?
+
+        options = merged_options(options)
+        normalized_hash = hash.transform_keys { |key| normalize_key(key, options) }
+
+        instrument_multi :write_multi, normalized_hash, options do |payload|
+          entries = hash.each_with_object({}) do |(name, value), memo|
+            memo[normalize_key(name, options)] = Entry.new(value, **options, version: normalize_version(name, options))
+          end
+
+          write_multi_entries entries, **options
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Fetches data from the cache, using the given keys. If there is data in
+      # the cache with the given keys, then that data is returned. Otherwise,
+      # the supplied block is called for each key for which there was no data,
+      # and the result will be written to the cache and returned.
+      # Therefore, you need to pass a block that returns the data to be written
+      # to the cache. If you do not want to write the cache when the cache is
+      # not found, use #read_multi.
+      #
+      # Returns a hash with the data for each of the names. For example:
+      #
+      #   cache.write("bim", "bam")
+      #   cache.fetch_multi("bim", "unknown_key") do |key|
+      #     "Fallback value for key: #{key}"
+      #   end
+      #   # => { "bim" => "bam",
+      #   #      "unknown_key" => "Fallback value for key: unknown_key" }
+      #
+      # You may also specify additional options via the +options+ argument. See #fetch for details.
+      # Other options are passed to the underlying cache implementation. For example:
+      #
+      #   cache.fetch_multi("fizz", expires_in: 5.seconds) do |key|
+      #     "buzz"
+      #   end
+      #   # => {"fizz"=>"buzz"}
+      #   cache.read("fizz")
+      #   # => "buzz"
+      #   sleep(6)
+      #   cache.read("fizz")
+      #   # => nil
+      def fetch_multi(*names)
+        raise ArgumentError, "Missing block: `Cache#fetch_multi` requires a block." unless block_given?
+        return {} if names.empty?
+
+        options = names.extract_options!
+        options = merged_options(options)
+        keys    = names.map { |name| normalize_key(name, options) }
+        writes  = {}
+        ordered = instrument_multi :read_multi, keys, options do |payload|
+          if options[:force]
+            reads = {}
+          else
+            reads = read_multi_entries(names, **options)
+          end
+
+          ordered = names.index_with do |name|
+            reads.fetch(name) { writes[name] = yield(name) }
+          end
+          writes.compact! if options[:skip_nil]
+
+          payload[:hits] = reads.keys.map { |name| normalize_key(name, options) }
+          payload[:super_operation] = :fetch_multi
+
+          ordered
+        end
+
+        write_multi(writes, options)
+
+        ordered
+      end
+
+      # Writes the value to the cache with the key. The value must be supported
+      # by the +coder+'s +dump+ and +load+ methods.
+      #
+      # Returns +true+ if the write succeeded, +nil+ if there was an error talking
+      # to the cache backend, or +false+ if the write failed for another reason.
+      #
+      # By default, cache entries larger than 1kB are compressed. Compression
+      # allows more data to be stored in the same memory footprint, leading to
+      # fewer cache evictions and higher hit rates.
+      #
+      # ==== Options
+      #
+      # * <tt>compress: false</tt> - Disables compression of the cache entry.
+      #
+      # * +:compress_threshold+ - The compression threshold, specified in bytes.
+      #   \Cache entries larger than this threshold will be compressed. Defaults
+      #   to +1.kilobyte+.
+      #
+      # * +:expires_in+ - Sets a relative expiration time for the cache entry,
+      #   specified in seconds. +:expire_in+ and +:expired_in+ are aliases for
+      #   +:expires_in+.
+      #
+      #     cache = ActiveSupport::Cache::MemoryStore.new(expires_in: 5.minutes)
+      #     cache.write(key, value, expires_in: 1.minute) # Set a lower value for one entry
+      #
+      # * +:expires_at+ - Sets an absolute expiration time for the cache entry.
+      #
+      #     cache = ActiveSupport::Cache::MemoryStore.new
+      #     cache.write(key, value, expires_at: Time.now.at_end_of_hour)
+      #
+      # * +:version+ - Specifies a version for the cache entry. When reading
+      #   from the cache, if the cached version does not match the requested
+      #   version, the read will be treated as a cache miss. This feature is
+      #   used to support recyclable cache keys.
+      #
+      # * +:unless_exist+ - Prevents overwriting an existing cache entry.
+      #
+      # Other options will be handled by the specific cache store implementation.
+      def write(name, value, options = nil)
+        options = merged_options(options)
+        key = normalize_key(name, options)
+
+        instrument(:write, key, options) do
+          entry = Entry.new(value, **options, version: normalize_version(name, options))
+          write_entry(key, entry, **options)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Deletes an entry in the cache. Returns +true+ if an entry is deleted
+      # and +false+ otherwise.
+      #
+      # Options are passed to the underlying cache implementation.
+      def delete(name, options = nil)
+        options = merged_options(options)
+        key = normalize_key(name, options)
+
+        instrument(:delete, key, options) do
+          delete_entry(key, **options)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Deletes multiple entries in the cache. Returns the number of deleted
+      # entries.
+      #
+      # Options are passed to the underlying cache implementation.
+      def delete_multi(names, options = nil)
+        return 0 if names.empty?
+
+        options = merged_options(options)
+        names.map! { |key| normalize_key(key, options) }
+
+        instrument_multi(:delete_multi, names, options) do
+          delete_multi_entries(names, **options)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Returns +true+ if the cache contains an entry for the given key.
+      #
+      # Options are passed to the underlying cache implementation.
+      def exist?(name, options = nil)
+        options = merged_options(options)
+        key = normalize_key(name, options)
+
+        instrument(:exist?, key) do |payload|
+          entry = read_entry(key, **options, event: payload)
+          (entry && !entry.expired? && !entry.mismatched?(normalize_version(name, options))) || false
+        end
+      end
+
+      def new_entry(value, options = nil) # :nodoc:
+        Entry.new(value, **merged_options(options))
+      end
+
+      # Deletes all entries with keys matching the pattern.
+      #
+      # Options are passed to the underlying cache implementation.
+      #
+      # Some implementations may not support this method.
+      def delete_matched(matcher, options = nil)
+        raise NotImplementedError.new("#{self.class.name} does not support delete_matched")
+      end
+
+      # Increments an integer value in the cache.
+      #
+      # Options are passed to the underlying cache implementation.
+      #
+      # Some implementations may not support this method.
+      def increment(name, amount = 1, options = nil)
+        raise NotImplementedError.new("#{self.class.name} does not support increment")
+      end
+
+      # Decrements an integer value in the cache.
+      #
+      # Options are passed to the underlying cache implementation.
+      #
+      # Some implementations may not support this method.
+      def decrement(name, amount = 1, options = nil)
+        raise NotImplementedError.new("#{self.class.name} does not support decrement")
+      end
+
+      # Reads a counter that was set by #increment / #decrement.
+      #
+      #   cache.write_counter("foo", 1)
+      #   cache.read_counter("foo") # => 1
+      #   cache.increment("foo")
+      #   cache.read_counter("foo") # => 2
+      #
+      # Options are passed to the underlying cache implementation.
+      def read_counter(name, **options)
+        options = merged_options(options).merge(raw: true)
+        read(name, **options)&.to_i
+      end
+
+      # Writes a counter that can then be modified by #increment / #decrement.
+      #
+      #   cache.write_counter("foo", 1)
+      #   cache.read_counter("foo") # => 1
+      #   cache.increment("foo")
+      #   cache.read_counter("foo") # => 2
+      #
+      # Options are passed to the underlying cache implementation.
+      def write_counter(name, value, **options)
+        options = merged_options(options).merge(raw: true)
+        write(name, value.to_i, **options)
+      end
+
+      # Cleans up the cache by removing expired entries.
+      #
+      # Options are passed to the underlying cache implementation.
+      #
+      # Some implementations may not support this method.
+      def cleanup(options = nil)
+        raise NotImplementedError.new("#{self.class.name} does not support cleanup")
+      end
+
+      # Clears the entire cache. Be careful with this method since it could
+      # affect other processes if shared cache is being used.
+      #
+      # The options hash is passed to the underlying cache implementation.
+      #
+      # Some implementations may not support this method.
+      def clear(options = nil)
+        raise NotImplementedError.new("#{self.class.name} does not support clear")
+      end
+
+      # Get the current namespace
+      def namespace
+        @options[:namespace]
+      end
+
+      # Set the current namespace. Note, this will be ignored if custom
+      # options are passed to cache wills with a namespace key.
+      def namespace=(namespace)
+        @options[:namespace] = namespace
+      end
+
+      private
+        def default_serializer
+          case Cache.format_version
+          when 7.0
+            Cache::SerializerWithFallback[:marshal_7_0]
+          when 7.1
+            Cache::SerializerWithFallback[:marshal_7_1]
+          else
+            raise ArgumentError, "Unrecognized ActiveSupport::Cache.format_version: #{Cache.format_version.inspect}"
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Adds the namespace defined in the options to a pattern designed to
+        # match keys. Implementations that support delete_matched should call
+        # this method to translate a pattern that matches names into one that
+        # matches namespaced keys.
+        def key_matcher(pattern, options) # :doc:
+          prefix = options[:namespace].is_a?(Proc) ? options[:namespace].call : options[:namespace]
+          if prefix
+            source = pattern.source
+            if source.start_with?("^")
+              source = source[1, source.length]
+            else
+              source = ".*#{source[0, source.length]}"
+            end
+            Regexp.new("^#{Regexp.escape(prefix)}:#{source}", pattern.options)
+          else
+            pattern
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Reads an entry from the cache implementation. Subclasses must implement
+        # this method.
+        def read_entry(key, **options)
+          raise NotImplementedError.new
+        end
+
+        # Writes an entry to the cache implementation. Subclasses must implement
+        # this method.
+        def write_entry(key, entry, **options)
+          raise NotImplementedError.new
+        end
+
+        def serialize_entry(entry, **options)
+          options = merged_options(options)
+          if @coder_supports_compression && options[:compress]
+            @coder.dump_compressed(entry, options[:compress_threshold])
+          else
+            @coder.dump(entry)
+          end
+        end
+
+        def deserialize_entry(payload, **)
+          payload.nil? ? nil : @coder.load(payload)
+        rescue DeserializationError
+          nil
+        end
+
+        # Reads multiple entries from the cache implementation. Subclasses MAY
+        # implement this method.
+        def read_multi_entries(names, **options)
+          names.each_with_object({}) do |name, results|
+            key   = normalize_key(name, options)
+            entry = read_entry(key, **options)
+
+            next unless entry
+
+            version = normalize_version(name, options)
+
+            if entry.expired?
+              delete_entry(key, **options)
+            elsif !entry.mismatched?(version)
+              results[name] = entry.value
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Writes multiple entries to the cache implementation. Subclasses MAY
+        # implement this method.
+        def write_multi_entries(hash, **options)
+          hash.each do |key, entry|
+            write_entry key, entry, **options
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Deletes an entry from the cache implementation. Subclasses must
+        # implement this method.
+        def delete_entry(key, **options)
+          raise NotImplementedError.new
+        end
+
+        # Deletes multiples entries in the cache implementation. Subclasses MAY
+        # implement this method.
+        def delete_multi_entries(entries, **options)
+          entries.count { |key| delete_entry(key, **options) }
+        end
+
+        # Merges the default options with ones specific to a method call.
+        def merged_options(call_options)
+          if call_options
+            call_options = normalize_options(call_options)
+            if call_options.key?(:expires_in) && call_options.key?(:expires_at)
+              raise ArgumentError, "Either :expires_in or :expires_at can be supplied, but not both"
+            end
+
+            expires_at = call_options.delete(:expires_at)
+            call_options[:expires_in] = (expires_at - Time.now) if expires_at
+
+            if call_options[:expires_in].is_a?(Time)
+              expires_in = call_options[:expires_in]
+              raise ArgumentError.new("expires_in parameter should not be a Time. Did you mean to use expires_at? Got: #{expires_in}")
+            end
+            if call_options[:expires_in]&.negative?
+              expires_in = call_options.delete(:expires_in)
+              handle_invalid_expires_in("Cache expiration time is invalid, cannot be negative: #{expires_in}")
+            end
+
+            if options.empty?
+              call_options
+            else
+              options.merge(call_options)
+            end
+          else
+            options
+          end
+        end
+
+        def handle_invalid_expires_in(message)
+          error = ArgumentError.new(message)
+          if ActiveSupport::Cache::Store.raise_on_invalid_cache_expiration_time
+            raise error
+          else
+            ActiveSupport.error_reporter&.report(error, handled: true, severity: :warning)
+            logger.error("#{error.class}: #{error.message}") if logger
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Normalize aliased options to their canonical form
+        def normalize_options(options)
+          options = options.dup
+          OPTION_ALIASES.each do |canonical_name, aliases|
+            alias_key = aliases.detect { |key| options.key?(key) }
+            options[canonical_name] ||= options[alias_key] if alias_key
+            options.except!(*aliases)
+          end
+
+          options
+        end
+
+        def validate_options(options)
+          if options.key?(:coder) && options[:serializer]
+            raise ArgumentError, "Cannot specify :serializer and :coder options together"
+          end
+
+          if options.key?(:coder) && options[:compressor]
+            raise ArgumentError, "Cannot specify :compressor and :coder options together"
+          end
+
+          if Cache.format_version < 7.1 && !options[:serializer] && options[:compressor]
+            raise ArgumentError, "Cannot specify :compressor option when using" \
+              " default serializer and cache format version is < 7.1"
+          end
+
+          options
+        end
+
+        # Expands, namespaces and truncates the cache key.
+        # Raises an exception when the key is +nil+ or an empty string.
+        # May be overridden by cache stores to do additional normalization.
+        def normalize_key(key, options = nil)
+          key = expand_and_namespace_key(key, options)
+          truncate_key(key)
+        end
+
+        def expand_and_namespace_key(key, options = nil)
+          str_key = expanded_key(key)
+          raise(ArgumentError, "key cannot be blank") if !str_key || str_key.empty?
+
+          namespace_key str_key, options
+        end
+
+        def truncate_key(key)
+          if key && @max_key_size && key.bytesize > @max_key_size
+            suffix = ":hash:#{ActiveSupport::Digest.hexdigest(key)}"
+            truncate_at = @max_key_size - suffix.bytesize
+            key = key.byteslice(0, truncate_at)
+            key.scrub!("")
+            "#{key}#{suffix}"
+          else
+            key
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Prefix the key with a namespace string:
+        #
+        #   namespace_key 'foo', namespace: 'cache'
+        #   # => 'cache:foo'
+        #
+        # With a namespace block:
+        #
+        #   namespace_key 'foo', namespace: -> { 'cache' }
+        #   # => 'cache:foo'
+        def namespace_key(key, call_options = nil)
+          namespace = if call_options&.key?(:namespace)
+            call_options[:namespace]
+          else
+            options[:namespace]
+          end
+
+          if namespace.respond_to?(:call)
+            namespace = namespace.call
+          end
+
+          if key && key.encoding != Encoding::UTF_8
+            key = key.dup.force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8)
+          end
+
+          if namespace
+            "#{namespace}:#{key}"
+          else
+            key
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Expands key to be a consistent string value. Invokes +cache_key+ if
+        # object responds to +cache_key+. Otherwise, +to_param+ method will be
+        # called. If the key is a Hash, then keys will be sorted alphabetically.
+        def expanded_key(key)
+          return key.cache_key.to_s if key.respond_to?(:cache_key)
+
+          case key
+          when Array
+            if key.size > 1
+              key.collect { |element| expanded_key(element) }
+            else
+              expanded_key(key.first)
+            end
+          when Hash
+            key.collect { |k, v| "#{k}=#{v}" }.sort!
+          else
+            key
+          end.to_param
+        end
+
+        def normalize_version(key, options = nil)
+          (options && options[:version].try(:to_param)) || expanded_version(key)
+        end
+
+        def expanded_version(key)
+          case
+          when key.respond_to?(:cache_version) then key.cache_version.to_param
+          when key.is_a?(Array)                then key.map { |element| expanded_version(element) }.tap(&:compact!).to_param
+          when key.respond_to?(:to_a)          then expanded_version(key.to_a)
+          end
+        end
+
+        def instrument(operation, key, options = nil, &block)
+          _instrument(operation, key: key, options: options, &block)
+        end
+
+        def instrument_multi(operation, keys, options = nil, &block)
+          _instrument(operation, multi: true, key: keys, options: options, &block)
+        end
+
+        def _instrument(operation, multi: false, options: nil, **payload, &block)
+          if logger && logger.debug? && !silence?
+            debug_key =
+              if multi
+                ": #{payload[:key].size} key(s) specified"
+              elsif payload[:key]
+                ": #{payload[:key]}"
+              end
+
+            debug_options = " (#{options.inspect})" unless options.blank?
+
+            logger.debug "Cache #{operation}#{debug_key}#{debug_options}"
+          end
+
+          payload[:store] = self.class.name
+          payload.merge!(options) if options.is_a?(Hash)
+          ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrument("cache_#{operation}.active_support", payload) do
+            block&.call(payload)
+          end
+        end
+
+        def handle_expired_entry(entry, key, options)
+          if entry && entry.expired?
+            race_ttl = options[:race_condition_ttl].to_i
+            if (race_ttl > 0) && (Time.now.to_f - entry.expires_at <= race_ttl)
+              # When an entry has a positive :race_condition_ttl defined, put the stale entry back into the cache
+              # for a brief period while the entry is being recalculated.
+              entry.expires_at = Time.now.to_f + race_ttl
+              write_entry(key, entry, **options, expires_in: race_ttl * 2)
+            else
+              delete_entry(key, **options)
+            end
+            entry = nil
+          end
+          entry
+        end
+
+        def get_entry_value(entry, name, options)
+          instrument(:fetch_hit, name, options)
+          entry.value
+        end
+
+        def save_block_result_to_cache(name, key, options)
+          options = options.dup
+
+          result = instrument(:generate, key, options) do
+            yield(name, WriteOptions.new(options))
+          end
+
+          write(name, result, options) unless result.nil? && options[:skip_nil]
+          result
+        end
+    end
+
+    # Enables the dynamic configuration of Cache entry options while ensuring
+    # that conflicting options are not both set. When a block is given to
+    # ActiveSupport::Cache::Store#fetch, the second argument will be an
+    # instance of +WriteOptions+.
+    class WriteOptions
+      def initialize(options) # :nodoc:
+        @options = options
+      end
+
+      def version
+        @options[:version]
+      end
+
+      def version=(version)
+        @options[:version] = version
+      end
+
+      def expires_in
+        @options[:expires_in]
+      end
+
+      # Sets the Cache entry's +expires_in+ value. If an +expires_at+ option was
+      # previously set, this will unset it since +expires_in+ and +expires_at+
+      # cannot both be set.
+      def expires_in=(expires_in)
+        @options.delete(:expires_at)
+        @options[:expires_in] = expires_in
+      end
+
+      def expires_at
+        @options[:expires_at]
+      end
+
+      # Sets the Cache entry's +expires_at+ value. If an +expires_in+ option was
+      # previously set, this will unset it since +expires_at+ and +expires_in+
+      # cannot both be set.
+      def expires_at=(expires_at)
+        @options.delete(:expires_in)
+        @options[:expires_at] = expires_at
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end