activesupport 1.2.4 → 8.1.2

data/lib/active_support/core_ext/array/conversions.rb

@@ -1,29 +1,212 @@
-module ActiveSupport #:nodoc:
-  module CoreExtensions #:nodoc:
-    module Array #:nodoc:
-      # Enables to conversion of Arrays to human readable lists. ['one', 'two', 'three'] => "one, two, and three"
-      module Conversions
-        # Converts the array to comma-seperated sentence where the last element is joined by the connector word. Options:
-        # * <tt>:connector</tt>: The word used to join the last element in arrays with more than two elements (default: "and")
-        # * <tt>:skip_last_comma</tt>: Set to true to return "a, b and c" instead of "a, b, and c".
-        def to_sentence(options = {})
-          options.assert_valid_keys(:connector, :skip_last_comma)
-          options.reverse_merge! :connector => 'and', :skip_last_comma => false
-          
-          case length
-            when 1
-              self[0]
-            when 2
-              "#{self[0]} #{options[:connector]} #{self[1]}"
-            else
-              "#{self[0...-1].join(', ')}#{options[:skip_last_comma] ? '' : ','} #{options[:connector]} #{self[-1]}"
-          end
-        end
-
-        # When an array is given to url_for, it is converted to a slash separated string.
-        def to_param
-          join '/'
-        end
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "active_support/core_ext/hash/keys"
+require "active_support/core_ext/string/inflections"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/to_param"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/to_query"
+
+class Array
+  # Converts the array to a comma-separated sentence where the last element is
+  # joined by the connector word.
+  #
+  # You can pass the following options to change the default behavior. If you
+  # pass an option key that doesn't exist in the list below, it will raise an
+  # <tt>ArgumentError</tt>.
+  #
+  # ==== Options
+  #
+  # * <tt>:words_connector</tt> - The sign or word used to join all but the last
+  #   element in arrays with three or more elements (default: <tt>", "</tt>).
+  # * <tt>:last_word_connector</tt> - The sign or word used to join the last element
+  #   in arrays with three or more elements (default: <tt>", and "</tt>).
+  # * <tt>:two_words_connector</tt> - The sign or word used to join the elements
+  #   in arrays with two elements (default: <tt>" and "</tt>).
+  # * <tt>:locale</tt> - If +i18n+ is available, you can set a locale and use
+  #   the connector options defined on the 'support.array' namespace in the
+  #   corresponding dictionary file.
+  #
+  # ==== Examples
+  #
+  #   [].to_sentence                      # => ""
+  #   ['one'].to_sentence                 # => "one"
+  #   ['one', 'two'].to_sentence          # => "one and two"
+  #   ['one', 'two', 'three'].to_sentence # => "one, two, and three"
+  #
+  #   ['one', 'two'].to_sentence(passing: 'invalid option')
+  #   # => ArgumentError: Unknown key: :passing. Valid keys are: :words_connector, :two_words_connector, :last_word_connector, :locale
+  #
+  #   ['one', 'two'].to_sentence(two_words_connector: '-')
+  #   # => "one-two"
+  #
+  #   ['one', 'two', 'three'].to_sentence(words_connector: ' or ', last_word_connector: ' or at least ')
+  #   # => "one or two or at least three"
+  #
+  # Using <tt>:locale</tt> option:
+  #
+  #   # Given this locale dictionary:
+  #   #
+  #   #   es:
+  #   #     support:
+  #   #       array:
+  #   #         words_connector: " o "
+  #   #         two_words_connector: " y "
+  #   #         last_word_connector: " o al menos "
+  #
+  #   ['uno', 'dos'].to_sentence(locale: :es)
+  #   # => "uno y dos"
+  #
+  #   ['uno', 'dos', 'tres'].to_sentence(locale: :es)
+  #   # => "uno o dos o al menos tres"
+  def to_sentence(options = {})
+    options.assert_valid_keys(:words_connector, :two_words_connector, :last_word_connector, :locale)
+
+    default_connectors = {
+      words_connector: ", ",
+      two_words_connector: " and ",
+      last_word_connector: ", and "
+    }
+    if options[:locale] != false && defined?(I18n)
+      i18n_connectors = I18n.translate(:'support.array', locale: options[:locale], default: {})
+      default_connectors.merge!(i18n_connectors)
+    end
+    options = default_connectors.merge!(options)
+
+    case length
+    when 0
+      +""
+    when 1
+      +"#{self[0]}"
+    when 2
+      +"#{self[0]}#{options[:two_words_connector]}#{self[1]}"
+    else
+      +"#{self[0...-1].join(options[:words_connector])}#{options[:last_word_connector]}#{self[-1]}"
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Extends <tt>Array#to_s</tt> to convert a collection of elements into a
+  # comma separated id list if <tt>:db</tt> argument is given as the format.
+  #
+  # This method is aliased to <tt>to_formatted_s</tt>.
+  #
+  #   Blog.all.to_fs(:db)  # => "1,2,3"
+  #   Blog.none.to_fs(:db) # => "null"
+  #   [1,2].to_fs          # => "[1, 2]"
+  def to_fs(format = :default)
+    case format
+    when :db
+      if empty?
+        "null"
+      else
+        collect(&:id).join(",")
+      end
+    else
+      to_s
+    end
+  end
+  alias_method :to_formatted_s, :to_fs
+
+  # Returns a string that represents the array in XML by invoking +to_xml+
+  # on each element. Active Record collections delegate their representation
+  # in XML to this method.
+  #
+  # All elements are expected to respond to +to_xml+, if any of them does
+  # not then an exception is raised.
+  #
+  # The root node reflects the class name of the first element in plural
+  # if all elements belong to the same type and that's not Hash:
+  #
+  #   customer.projects.to_xml
+  #
+  #   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+  #   <projects type="array">
+  #     <project>
+  #       <amount type="decimal">20000.0</amount>
+  #       <customer-id type="integer">1567</customer-id>
+  #       <deal-date type="date">2008-04-09</deal-date>
+  #       ...
+  #     </project>
+  #     <project>
+  #       <amount type="decimal">57230.0</amount>
+  #       <customer-id type="integer">1567</customer-id>
+  #       <deal-date type="date">2008-04-15</deal-date>
+  #       ...
+  #     </project>
+  #   </projects>
+  #
+  # Otherwise the root element is "objects":
+  #
+  #   [{ foo: 1, bar: 2}, { baz: 3}].to_xml
+  #
+  #   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+  #   <objects type="array">
+  #     <object>
+  #       <bar type="integer">2</bar>
+  #       <foo type="integer">1</foo>
+  #     </object>
+  #     <object>
+  #       <baz type="integer">3</baz>
+  #     </object>
+  #   </objects>
+  #
+  # If the collection is empty the root element is "nil-classes" by default:
+  #
+  #   [].to_xml
+  #
+  #   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+  #   <nil-classes type="array"/>
+  #
+  # To ensure a meaningful root element use the <tt>:root</tt> option:
+  #
+  #   customer_with_no_projects.projects.to_xml(root: 'projects')
+  #
+  #   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+  #   <projects type="array"/>
+  #
+  # By default name of the node for the children of root is <tt>root.singularize</tt>.
+  # You can change it with the <tt>:children</tt> option.
+  #
+  # The +options+ hash is passed downwards:
+  #
+  #   Message.all.to_xml(skip_types: true)
+  #
+  #   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+  #   <messages>
+  #     <message>
+  #       <created-at>2008-03-07T09:58:18+01:00</created-at>
+  #       <id>1</id>
+  #       <name>1</name>
+  #       <updated-at>2008-03-07T09:58:18+01:00</updated-at>
+  #       <user-id>1</user-id>
+  #     </message>
+  #   </messages>
+  #
+  def to_xml(options = {})
+    require "active_support/builder" unless defined?(Builder::XmlMarkup)
+
+    options = options.dup
+    options[:indent]  ||= 2
+    options[:builder] ||= Builder::XmlMarkup.new(indent: options[:indent])
+    options[:root]    ||= \
+      if first.class != Hash && all?(first.class)
+        underscored = ActiveSupport::Inflector.underscore(first.class.name)
+        ActiveSupport::Inflector.pluralize(underscored).tr("/", "_")
+      else
+        "objects"
+      end
+
+    builder = options[:builder]
+    builder.instruct! unless options.delete(:skip_instruct)
+
+    root = ActiveSupport::XmlMini.rename_key(options[:root].to_s, options)
+    children = options.delete(:children) || root.singularize
+    attributes = options[:skip_types] ? {} : { type: "array" }
+
+    if empty?
+      builder.tag!(root, attributes)
+    else
+      builder.tag!(root, attributes) do
+        each { |value| ActiveSupport::XmlMini.to_tag(children, value, options) }
+        yield builder if block_given?
       end
     end
   end

data/lib/active_support/core_ext/array/extract.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+class Array
+  # Removes and returns the elements for which the block returns a true value.
+  # If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned instead.
+  #
+  #   numbers = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
+  #   odd_numbers = numbers.extract! { |number| number.odd? } # => [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
+  #   numbers # => [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
+  def extract!
+    return to_enum(:extract!) { size } unless block_given?
+
+    extracted_elements = []
+
+    reject! do |element|
+      extracted_elements << element if yield(element)
+    end
+
+    extracted_elements
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_support/core_ext/array/extract_options.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+class Hash
+  # By default, only instances of Hash itself are extractable.
+  # Subclasses of Hash may implement this method and return
+  # true to declare themselves as extractable. If a Hash
+  # is extractable, Array#extract_options! pops it from
+  # the Array when it is the last element of the Array.
+  def extractable_options?
+    instance_of?(Hash)
+  end
+end
+
+class Array
+  # Extracts options from a set of arguments. Removes and returns the last
+  # element in the array if it's a hash, otherwise returns a blank hash.
+  #
+  #   def options(*args)
+  #     args.extract_options!
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   options(1, 2)        # => {}
+  #   options(1, 2, a: :b) # => {:a=>:b}
+  def extract_options!
+    if last.is_a?(Hash) && last.extractable_options?
+      pop
+    else
+      {}
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_support/core_ext/array/grouping.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+class Array
+  # Splits or iterates over the array in groups of size +number+,
+  # padding any remaining slots with +fill_with+ unless it is +false+.
+  #
+  #   %w(1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10).in_groups_of(3) {|group| p group}
+  #   ["1", "2", "3"]
+  #   ["4", "5", "6"]
+  #   ["7", "8", "9"]
+  #   ["10", nil, nil]
+  #
+  #   %w(1 2 3 4 5).in_groups_of(2, ' ') {|group| p group}
+  #   ["1", "2"]
+  #   ["3", "4"]
+  #   ["5", " "]
+  #
+  #   %w(1 2 3 4 5).in_groups_of(2, false) {|group| p group}
+  #   ["1", "2"]
+  #   ["3", "4"]
+  #   ["5"]
+  def in_groups_of(number, fill_with = nil, &block)
+    if number.to_i <= 0
+      raise ArgumentError,
+        "Group size must be a positive integer, was #{number.inspect}"
+    end
+
+    if fill_with == false
+      collection = self
+    else
+      # size % number gives how many extra we have;
+      # subtracting from number gives how many to add;
+      # modulo number ensures we don't add group of just fill.
+      padding = (number - size % number) % number
+      collection = dup.concat(Array.new(padding, fill_with))
+    end
+
+    if block_given?
+      collection.each_slice(number, &block)
+    else
+      collection.each_slice(number).to_a
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Splits or iterates over the array in +number+ of groups, padding any
+  # remaining slots with +fill_with+ unless it is +false+.
+  #
+  #   %w(1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10).in_groups(3) {|group| p group}
+  #   ["1", "2", "3", "4"]
+  #   ["5", "6", "7", nil]
+  #   ["8", "9", "10", nil]
+  #
+  #   %w(1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10).in_groups(3, '&nbsp;') {|group| p group}
+  #   ["1", "2", "3", "4"]
+  #   ["5", "6", "7", "&nbsp;"]
+  #   ["8", "9", "10", "&nbsp;"]
+  #
+  #   %w(1 2 3 4 5 6 7).in_groups(3, false) {|group| p group}
+  #   ["1", "2", "3"]
+  #   ["4", "5"]
+  #   ["6", "7"]
+  def in_groups(number, fill_with = nil, &block)
+    # size.div number gives minor group size;
+    # size % number gives how many objects need extra accommodation;
+    # each group hold either division or division + 1 items.
+    division = size.div number
+    modulo = size % number
+
+    # create a new array avoiding dup
+    groups = []
+    start = 0
+
+    number.times do |index|
+      length = division + (modulo > 0 && modulo > index ? 1 : 0)
+      groups << last_group = slice(start, length)
+      last_group << fill_with if fill_with != false &&
+        modulo > 0 && length == division
+      start += length
+    end
+
+    if block_given?
+      groups.each(&block)
+    else
+      groups
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Divides the array into one or more subarrays based on a delimiting +value+
+  # or the result of an optional block.
+  #
+  #   [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].split(3)              # => [[1, 2], [4, 5]]
+  #   (1..10).to_a.split { |i| i % 3 == 0 } # => [[1, 2], [4, 5], [7, 8], [10]]
+  def split(value = nil, &block)
+    arr = dup
+    result = []
+    if block_given?
+      while (idx = arr.index(&block))
+        result << arr.shift(idx)
+        arr.shift
+      end
+    else
+      while (idx = arr.index(value))
+        result << arr.shift(idx)
+        arr.shift
+      end
+    end
+    result << arr
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_support/core_ext/array/inquiry.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "active_support/array_inquirer"
+
+class Array
+  # Wraps the array in an ActiveSupport::ArrayInquirer object, which gives a
+  # friendlier way to check its string-like contents.
+  #
+  #   pets = [:cat, :dog].inquiry
+  #
+  #   pets.cat?     # => true
+  #   pets.ferret?  # => false
+  #
+  #   pets.any?(:cat, :ferret)  # => true
+  #   pets.any?(:ferret, :alligator)  # => false
+  def inquiry
+    ActiveSupport::ArrayInquirer.new(self)
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_support/core_ext/array/wrap.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+class Array
+  # Wraps its argument in an array unless it is already an array (or array-like).
+  #
+  # Specifically:
+  #
+  # * If the argument is +nil+ an empty array is returned.
+  # * Otherwise, if the argument responds to +to_ary+ it is invoked, and its result returned.
+  # * Otherwise, returns an array with the argument as its single element.
+  #
+  #     Array.wrap(nil)       # => []
+  #     Array.wrap([1, 2, 3]) # => [1, 2, 3]
+  #     Array.wrap(0)         # => [0]
+  #
+  # This method is similar in purpose to <tt>Kernel#Array</tt>, but there are some differences:
+  #
+  # * If the argument responds to +to_ary+ the method is invoked. <tt>Kernel#Array</tt>
+  #   moves on to try +to_a+ if the returned value is +nil+, but <tt>Array.wrap</tt> returns
+  #   an array with the argument as its single element right away.
+  # * If the returned value from +to_ary+ is neither +nil+ nor an +Array+ object, <tt>Kernel#Array</tt>
+  #   raises an exception, while <tt>Array.wrap</tt> does not, it just returns the value.
+  # * It does not call +to_a+ on the argument, if the argument does not respond to +to_ary+
+  #   it returns an array with the argument as its single element.
+  #
+  # The last point is easily explained with some enumerables:
+  #
+  #   Array(foo: :bar)      # => [[:foo, :bar]]
+  #   Array.wrap(foo: :bar) # => [{:foo=>:bar}]
+  #
+  # There's also a related idiom that uses the splat operator:
+  #
+  #   [*object]
+  #
+  # which returns <tt>[]</tt> for +nil+, but calls to <tt>Array(object)</tt> otherwise.
+  #
+  # The differences with <tt>Kernel#Array</tt> explained above
+  # apply to the rest of <tt>object</tt>s.
+  def self.wrap(object)
+    if object.nil?
+      []
+    elsif object.respond_to?(:to_ary)
+      object.to_ary || [object]
+    else
+      [object]
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_support/core_ext/array.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
-require File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/array/conversions'
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 
-class Array #:nodoc:
-  include ActiveSupport::CoreExtensions::Array::Conversions
-end
+require_relative "array/wrap"
+require_relative "array/access"
+require_relative "array/conversions"
+require_relative "array/extract"
+require_relative "array/extract_options"
+require_relative "array/grouping"
+require_relative "array/inquiry"

data/lib/active_support/core_ext/benchmark.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Remove this file from activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext.rb when deleting the deprecation.
+ActiveSupport.deprecator.warn <<~TEXT
+  active_support/core_ext/benchmark.rb is deprecated and will be removed in Rails 8.2 without replacement.
+TEXT

data/lib/active_support/core_ext/big_decimal/conversions.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "bigdecimal"
+require "bigdecimal/util"
+
+module ActiveSupport
+  module BigDecimalWithDefaultFormat # :nodoc:
+    def to_s(format = "F")
+      super(format)
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+BigDecimal.prepend(ActiveSupport::BigDecimalWithDefaultFormat)

data/lib/active_support/core_ext/big_decimal.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require_relative "big_decimal/conversions"

data/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/attribute.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/redefine_method"
+require "active_support/class_attribute"
+
+class Class
+  # Declare a class-level attribute whose value is inheritable by subclasses.
+  # Subclasses can change their own value and it will not impact parent class.
+  #
+  # ==== Options
+  #
+  # * <tt>:instance_reader</tt> - Sets the instance reader method (defaults to true).
+  # * <tt>:instance_writer</tt> - Sets the instance writer method (defaults to true).
+  # * <tt>:instance_accessor</tt> - Sets both instance methods (defaults to true).
+  # * <tt>:instance_predicate</tt> - Sets a predicate method (defaults to true).
+  # * <tt>:default</tt> - Sets a default value for the attribute (defaults to nil).
+  #
+  # ==== Examples
+  #
+  #   class Base
+  #     class_attribute :setting
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   class Subclass < Base
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   Base.setting = true
+  #   Subclass.setting            # => true
+  #   Subclass.setting = false
+  #   Subclass.setting            # => false
+  #   Base.setting                # => true
+  #
+  # In the above case as long as Subclass does not assign a value to setting
+  # by performing <tt>Subclass.setting = _something_</tt>, <tt>Subclass.setting</tt>
+  # would read value assigned to parent class. Once Subclass assigns a value then
+  # the value assigned by Subclass would be returned.
+  #
+  # This matches normal Ruby method inheritance: think of writing an attribute
+  # on a subclass as overriding the reader method. However, you need to be aware
+  # when using +class_attribute+ with mutable structures as +Array+ or +Hash+.
+  # In such cases, you don't want to do changes in place. Instead use setters:
+  #
+  #   Base.setting = []
+  #   Base.setting                # => []
+  #   Subclass.setting            # => []
+  #
+  #   # Appending in child changes both parent and child because it is the same object:
+  #   Subclass.setting << :foo
+  #   Base.setting               # => [:foo]
+  #   Subclass.setting           # => [:foo]
+  #
+  #   # Use setters to not propagate changes:
+  #   Base.setting = []
+  #   Subclass.setting += [:foo]
+  #   Base.setting               # => []
+  #   Subclass.setting           # => [:foo]
+  #
+  # For convenience, an instance predicate method is defined as well.
+  # To skip it, pass <tt>instance_predicate: false</tt>.
+  #
+  #   Subclass.setting?       # => false
+  #
+  # Instances may overwrite the class value in the same way:
+  #
+  #   Base.setting = true
+  #   object = Base.new
+  #   object.setting          # => true
+  #   object.setting = false
+  #   object.setting          # => false
+  #   Base.setting            # => true
+  #
+  # To opt out of the instance reader method, pass <tt>instance_reader: false</tt>.
+  #
+  #   object.setting          # => NoMethodError
+  #   object.setting?         # => NoMethodError
+  #
+  # To opt out of the instance writer method, pass <tt>instance_writer: false</tt>.
+  #
+  #   object.setting = false  # => NoMethodError
+  #
+  # To opt out of both instance methods, pass <tt>instance_accessor: false</tt>.
+  #
+  # To set a default value for the attribute, pass <tt>default:</tt>, like so:
+  #
+  #   class_attribute :settings, default: {}
+  def class_attribute(*attrs, instance_accessor: true,
+    instance_reader: instance_accessor, instance_writer: instance_accessor, instance_predicate: true, default: nil
+  )
+    class_methods, methods = [], []
+    attrs.each do |name|
+      unless name.is_a?(Symbol) || name.is_a?(String)
+        raise TypeError, "#{name.inspect} is not a symbol nor a string"
+      end
+
+      name = name.to_sym
+      namespaced_name = :"__class_attr_#{name}"
+      ::ActiveSupport::ClassAttribute.redefine(self, name, namespaced_name, default)
+
+      class_methods << "def #{name}; #{namespaced_name}; end"
+      class_methods << "def #{name}=(value); self.#{namespaced_name} = value; end"
+
+      if singleton_class?
+        methods << <<~RUBY if instance_reader
+          silence_redefinition_of_method(:#{name})
+          def #{name}
+            self.singleton_class.#{name}
+          end
+        RUBY
+      else
+        methods << <<~RUBY if instance_reader
+          silence_redefinition_of_method def #{name}
+            if defined?(@#{name})
+              @#{name}
+            else
+              self.class.#{name}
+            end
+          end
+        RUBY
+      end
+
+      methods << <<~RUBY if instance_writer
+        silence_redefinition_of_method(:#{name}=)
+        attr_writer :#{name}
+      RUBY
+
+      if instance_predicate
+        class_methods << "silence_redefinition_of_method def #{name}?; !!self.#{name}; end"
+        if instance_reader
+          methods << "silence_redefinition_of_method def #{name}?; !!self.#{name}; end"
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    location = caller_locations(1, 1).first
+    class_eval(["class << self", *class_methods, "end", *methods].join(";").tr("\n", ";"), location.path, location.lineno)
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/attribute_accessors.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# cattr_* became mattr_* aliases in 7dfbd91b0780fbd6a1dd9bfbc176e10894871d2d,
+# but we keep this around for libraries that directly require it knowing they
+# want cattr_*. No need to deprecate.
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors"

data/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/subclasses.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "active_support/descendants_tracker"
+
+class Class
+  # Returns an array with all classes that are < than its receiver.
+  #
+  #   class C; end
+  #   C.descendants # => []
+  #
+  #   class B < C; end
+  #   C.descendants # => [B]
+  #
+  #   class A < B; end
+  #   C.descendants # => [B, A]
+  #
+  #   class D < C; end
+  #   C.descendants # => [B, A, D]
+  def descendants
+    subclasses.concat(subclasses.flat_map(&:descendants))
+  end
+
+  prepend ActiveSupport::DescendantsTracker::ReloadedClassesFiltering
+end