tapps-agents 3.6.0__py3-none-any.whl → 3.6.1__py3-none-any.whl

tapps_agents/experts/knowledge/performance/scalability.md

@@ -1,306 +1,306 @@
-# Scalability Patterns and Architectures
-
-## Overview
-
-Scalability is the ability of a system to handle increased load by adding resources. This guide covers horizontal and vertical scaling patterns, distributed systems, and scalability architectures.
-
-## Scaling Strategies
-
-### Vertical Scaling (Scale Up)
-
-**Increase Resource Capacity:**
-- Add more CPU, RAM, or storage to existing servers
-- Simpler to implement
-- Limited by hardware constraints
-- Single point of failure
-
-**When to Use:**
-- Small to medium workloads
-- Applications that can't be distributed
-- Quick performance improvements
-- Cost-effective for low traffic
-
-### Horizontal Scaling (Scale Out)
-
-**Add More Servers:**
-- Distribute load across multiple servers
-- Better fault tolerance
-- Virtually unlimited capacity
-- More complex to manage
-
-**When to Use:**
-- High traffic applications
-- Need for high availability
-- Geographic distribution
-- Cost-effective at scale
-
-## Load Balancing
-
-### Load Balancer Types
-
-**Layer 4 (Transport Layer):**
-- Routes based on IP and port
-- Faster, less overhead
-- No application awareness
-
-**Layer 7 (Application Layer):**
-- Routes based on content
-- More intelligent routing
-- SSL termination
-- Higher overhead
-
-### Load Balancing Algorithms
-
-**Round Robin:**
-- Distribute requests evenly
-- Simple and fair
-- Doesn't consider server load
-
-**Least Connections:**
-- Route to server with fewest connections
-- Better for long-lived connections
-- More complex
-
-**Weighted Round Robin:**
-- Assign weights to servers
-- Route more to powerful servers
-- Manual configuration
-
-**IP Hash:**
-- Route based on client IP
-- Session affinity
-- Uneven distribution possible
-
-## Database Scaling
-
-### Read Replicas
-
-**Distribute Read Load:**
-- Master for writes
-- Replicas for reads
-- Reduce master load
-- Eventual consistency
-
-**Example Architecture:**
-```
-Write → Master Database
-Read → Replica 1, Replica 2, Replica 3
-```
-
-### Database Sharding
-
-**Partition Data:**
-- Split data across multiple databases
-- Shard by user ID, region, or date
-- Each shard independent
-- Complex queries across shards
-
-**Sharding Strategies:**
-- **Range-based**: Partition by value ranges
-- **Hash-based**: Partition by hash function
-- **Directory-based**: Lookup table for shard location
-
-### Caching Layer
-
-**Reduce Database Load:**
-- Cache frequently accessed data
-- Use Redis, Memcached
-- Reduce database queries
-- Improve response times
-
-## Microservices Architecture
-
-### Service Decomposition
-
-**Break into Services:**
-- Single responsibility per service
-- Independent deployment
-- Technology diversity
-- Team autonomy
-
-**Service Patterns:**
-- API Gateway
-- Service Mesh
-- Event-Driven Architecture
-- Saga Pattern
-
-### API Gateway
-
-**Single Entry Point:**
-- Route requests to services
-- Authentication/authorization
-- Rate limiting
-- Request/response transformation
-
-### Service Discovery
-
-**Dynamic Service Location:**
-- Services register themselves
-- Clients discover services
-- Health checking
-- Load balancing
-
-## Caching Strategies
-
-### CDN (Content Delivery Network)
-
-**Distribute Static Content:**
-- Cache at edge locations
-- Reduce latency
-- Offload origin servers
-- Geographic distribution
-
-### Application Caching
-
-**Multi-Level Caching:**
-- Browser cache
-- CDN cache
-- Application cache
-- Database cache
-
-### Cache Patterns
-
-**Cache-Aside:**
-- Application manages cache
-- Check cache, then database
-
-**Write-Through:**
-- Write to cache and database
-- Consistent but slower
-
-**Write-Back:**
-- Write to cache first
-- Async database write
-- Faster but risk of data loss
-
-## Message Queues
-
-### Asynchronous Processing
-
-**Decouple Components:**
-- Producer/consumer pattern
-- Handle traffic spikes
-- Background processing
-- Improved responsiveness
-
-**Queue Types:**
-- **Task Queues**: Process jobs asynchronously
-- **Message Queues**: Event-driven communication
-- **Pub/Sub**: Publish-subscribe pattern
-
-### Queue Patterns
-
-**Priority Queues:**
-- Process high-priority items first
-- Urgent tasks get priority
-
-**Dead Letter Queues:**
-- Store failed messages
-- Retry logic
-- Error handling
-
-## Stateless Design
-
-### Stateless Services
-
-**No Server-Side State:**
-- Any server can handle any request
-- Easier horizontal scaling
-- Better fault tolerance
-- Use external state storage
-
-**State Storage:**
-- Database
-- Cache (Redis)
-- External session store
-- Client-side (JWT)
-
-## Database Optimization
-
-### Connection Pooling
-
-**Reuse Connections:**
-- Reduce connection overhead
-- Limit connection count
-- Better resource utilization
-
-### Query Optimization
-
-**Efficient Queries:**
-- Use indexes
-- Avoid N+1 queries
-- Use pagination
-- Optimize JOINs
-
-### Database Partitioning
-
-**Split Large Tables:**
-- Partition by date, region, or hash
-- Improve query performance
-- Easier maintenance
-
-## Monitoring and Auto-Scaling
-
-### Metrics to Monitor
-
-**Key Metrics:**
-- CPU utilization
-- Memory usage
-- Request rate
-- Response time
-- Error rate
-- Queue depth
-
-### Auto-Scaling
-
-**Automatic Scaling:**
-- Scale based on metrics
-- Scale up during high load
-- Scale down during low load
-- Cost optimization
-
-**Scaling Policies:**
-- Target tracking
-- Step scaling
-- Scheduled scaling
-
-## Best Practices
-
-1. **Design for Scale**: Plan scalability from start
-2. **Horizontal First**: Prefer horizontal scaling
-3. **Stateless Services**: Avoid server-side state
-4. **Cache Aggressively**: Use caching at all levels
-5. **Monitor Everything**: Track all metrics
-6. **Test at Scale**: Load test before production
-7. **Fail Gracefully**: Handle failures elegantly
-8. **Document Architecture**: Keep architecture docs updated
-
-## Scalability Patterns
-
-### Circuit Breaker
-
-**Prevent Cascading Failures:**
-- Stop calling failing services
-- Fail fast
-- Automatic recovery
-
-### Bulkhead
-
-**Isolate Failures:**
-- Separate resource pools
-- Prevent resource exhaustion
-- Isolate critical services
-
-### Throttling
-
-**Limit Request Rate:**
-- Protect backend services
-- Fair resource allocation
-- Prevent abuse
-
-## References
-
-- [Scalability Patterns](https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/designing-data-intensive-applications/9781491903063/)
-- [System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer)
-- [AWS Well-Architected Framework](https://aws.amazon.com/architecture/well-architected/)
-
+# Scalability Patterns and Architectures
+
+## Overview
+
+Scalability is the ability of a system to handle increased load by adding resources. This guide covers horizontal and vertical scaling patterns, distributed systems, and scalability architectures.
+
+## Scaling Strategies
+
+### Vertical Scaling (Scale Up)
+
+**Increase Resource Capacity:**
+- Add more CPU, RAM, or storage to existing servers
+- Simpler to implement
+- Limited by hardware constraints
+- Single point of failure
+
+**When to Use:**
+- Small to medium workloads
+- Applications that can't be distributed
+- Quick performance improvements
+- Cost-effective for low traffic
+
+### Horizontal Scaling (Scale Out)
+
+**Add More Servers:**
+- Distribute load across multiple servers
+- Better fault tolerance
+- Virtually unlimited capacity
+- More complex to manage
+
+**When to Use:**
+- High traffic applications
+- Need for high availability
+- Geographic distribution
+- Cost-effective at scale
+
+## Load Balancing
+
+### Load Balancer Types
+
+**Layer 4 (Transport Layer):**
+- Routes based on IP and port
+- Faster, less overhead
+- No application awareness
+
+**Layer 7 (Application Layer):**
+- Routes based on content
+- More intelligent routing
+- SSL termination
+- Higher overhead
+
+### Load Balancing Algorithms
+
+**Round Robin:**
+- Distribute requests evenly
+- Simple and fair
+- Doesn't consider server load
+
+**Least Connections:**
+- Route to server with fewest connections
+- Better for long-lived connections
+- More complex
+
+**Weighted Round Robin:**
+- Assign weights to servers
+- Route more to powerful servers
+- Manual configuration
+
+**IP Hash:**
+- Route based on client IP
+- Session affinity
+- Uneven distribution possible
+
+## Database Scaling
+
+### Read Replicas
+
+**Distribute Read Load:**
+- Master for writes
+- Replicas for reads
+- Reduce master load
+- Eventual consistency
+
+**Example Architecture:**
+```
+Write → Master Database
+Read → Replica 1, Replica 2, Replica 3
+```
+
+### Database Sharding
+
+**Partition Data:**
+- Split data across multiple databases
+- Shard by user ID, region, or date
+- Each shard independent
+- Complex queries across shards
+
+**Sharding Strategies:**
+- **Range-based**: Partition by value ranges
+- **Hash-based**: Partition by hash function
+- **Directory-based**: Lookup table for shard location
+
+### Caching Layer
+
+**Reduce Database Load:**
+- Cache frequently accessed data
+- Use Redis, Memcached
+- Reduce database queries
+- Improve response times
+
+## Microservices Architecture
+
+### Service Decomposition
+
+**Break into Services:**
+- Single responsibility per service
+- Independent deployment
+- Technology diversity
+- Team autonomy
+
+**Service Patterns:**
+- API Gateway
+- Service Mesh
+- Event-Driven Architecture
+- Saga Pattern
+
+### API Gateway
+
+**Single Entry Point:**
+- Route requests to services
+- Authentication/authorization
+- Rate limiting
+- Request/response transformation
+
+### Service Discovery
+
+**Dynamic Service Location:**
+- Services register themselves
+- Clients discover services
+- Health checking
+- Load balancing
+
+## Caching Strategies
+
+### CDN (Content Delivery Network)
+
+**Distribute Static Content:**
+- Cache at edge locations
+- Reduce latency
+- Offload origin servers
+- Geographic distribution
+
+### Application Caching
+
+**Multi-Level Caching:**
+- Browser cache
+- CDN cache
+- Application cache
+- Database cache
+
+### Cache Patterns
+
+**Cache-Aside:**
+- Application manages cache
+- Check cache, then database
+
+**Write-Through:**
+- Write to cache and database
+- Consistent but slower
+
+**Write-Back:**
+- Write to cache first
+- Async database write
+- Faster but risk of data loss
+
+## Message Queues
+
+### Asynchronous Processing
+
+**Decouple Components:**
+- Producer/consumer pattern
+- Handle traffic spikes
+- Background processing
+- Improved responsiveness
+
+**Queue Types:**
+- **Task Queues**: Process jobs asynchronously
+- **Message Queues**: Event-driven communication
+- **Pub/Sub**: Publish-subscribe pattern
+
+### Queue Patterns
+
+**Priority Queues:**
+- Process high-priority items first
+- Urgent tasks get priority
+
+**Dead Letter Queues:**
+- Store failed messages
+- Retry logic
+- Error handling
+
+## Stateless Design
+
+### Stateless Services
+
+**No Server-Side State:**
+- Any server can handle any request
+- Easier horizontal scaling
+- Better fault tolerance
+- Use external state storage
+
+**State Storage:**
+- Database
+- Cache (Redis)
+- External session store
+- Client-side (JWT)
+
+## Database Optimization
+
+### Connection Pooling
+
+**Reuse Connections:**
+- Reduce connection overhead
+- Limit connection count
+- Better resource utilization
+
+### Query Optimization
+
+**Efficient Queries:**
+- Use indexes
+- Avoid N+1 queries
+- Use pagination
+- Optimize JOINs
+
+### Database Partitioning
+
+**Split Large Tables:**
+- Partition by date, region, or hash
+- Improve query performance
+- Easier maintenance
+
+## Monitoring and Auto-Scaling
+
+### Metrics to Monitor
+
+**Key Metrics:**
+- CPU utilization
+- Memory usage
+- Request rate
+- Response time
+- Error rate
+- Queue depth
+
+### Auto-Scaling
+
+**Automatic Scaling:**
+- Scale based on metrics
+- Scale up during high load
+- Scale down during low load
+- Cost optimization
+
+**Scaling Policies:**
+- Target tracking
+- Step scaling
+- Scheduled scaling
+
+## Best Practices
+
+1. **Design for Scale**: Plan scalability from start
+2. **Horizontal First**: Prefer horizontal scaling
+3. **Stateless Services**: Avoid server-side state
+4. **Cache Aggressively**: Use caching at all levels
+5. **Monitor Everything**: Track all metrics
+6. **Test at Scale**: Load test before production
+7. **Fail Gracefully**: Handle failures elegantly
+8. **Document Architecture**: Keep architecture docs updated
+
+## Scalability Patterns
+
+### Circuit Breaker
+
+**Prevent Cascading Failures:**
+- Stop calling failing services
+- Fail fast
+- Automatic recovery
+
+### Bulkhead
+
+**Isolate Failures:**
+- Separate resource pools
+- Prevent resource exhaustion
+- Isolate critical services
+
+### Throttling
+
+**Limit Request Rate:**
+- Protect backend services
+- Fair resource allocation
+- Prevent abuse
+
+## References
+
+- [Scalability Patterns](https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/designing-data-intensive-applications/9781491903063/)
+- [System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer)
+- [AWS Well-Architected Framework](https://aws.amazon.com/architecture/well-architected/)
+