tapps-agents 3.6.0__py3-none-any.whl → 3.6.1__py3-none-any.whl

tapps_agents/experts/knowledge/observability-monitoring/open-telemetry.md

@@ -1,573 +1,573 @@
-# OpenTelemetry Standards and Instrumentation
-
-## Overview
-
-OpenTelemetry is a collection of APIs, SDKs, and tools used to instrument, generate, collect, and export telemetry data (metrics, logs, and traces) for analysis to understand software performance and behavior.
-
-## Key Concepts
-
-### OpenTelemetry Components
-
-**APIs:**
-- Language-specific APIs for instrumentation
-- Vendor-neutral interface
-- Standard abstractions
-
-**SDKs:**
-- Implementation of APIs
-- Configuration and setup
-- Resource detection
-- Exporters
-
-**Collectors:**
-- Receives, processes, and exports telemetry data
-- Vendor-neutral
-- Flexible routing and processing
-
-**Instrumentation Libraries:**
-- Auto-instrumentation for common frameworks
-- Manual instrumentation helpers
-- Language-specific implementations
-
-## Architecture
-
-### Data Flow
-
-```
-Application → OpenTelemetry SDK → OTLP Exporter → Collector → Backend
-```
-
-**Components:**
-1. **Instrumentation:** Code in application
-2. **SDK:** Collects and processes data
-3. **Exporter:** Sends to collector or backend
-4. **Collector:** Receives, processes, routes data
-5. **Backend:** Storage and analysis (Jaeger, Prometheus, etc.)
-
-### Signals
-
-**Traces:**
-- Distributed tracing
-- Request flow through services
-- Span-based model
-
-**Metrics:**
-- Time-series measurements
-- Aggregated data points
-- Counter, gauge, histogram
-
-**Logs:**
-- Event records
-- Structured logging
-- Correlation with traces
-
-## Language Support
-
-### Python
-
-**Installation:**
-```bash
-pip install opentelemetry-api opentelemetry-sdk
-pip install opentelemetry-instrumentation
-pip install opentelemetry-exporter-otlp
-```
-
-**Basic Setup:**
-```python
-from opentelemetry import trace
-from opentelemetry.sdk.trace import TracerProvider
-from opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export import BatchSpanProcessor
-from opentelemetry.exporter.otlp.proto.grpc.trace_exporter import OTLPSpanExporter
-
-# Set up tracer provider
-trace.set_tracer_provider(TracerProvider())
-
-# Add exporter
-otlp_exporter = OTLPSpanExporter(endpoint="http://collector:4317")
-span_processor = BatchSpanProcessor(otlp_exporter)
-trace.get_tracer_provider().add_span_processor(span_processor)
-
-# Get tracer
-tracer = trace.get_tracer(__name__)
-```
-
-**Instrumentation:**
-```python
-from opentelemetry import trace
-
-tracer = trace.get_tracer(__name__)
-
-@tracer.start_as_current_span("operation")
-def my_function():
-    span = trace.get_current_span()
-    span.set_attribute("custom.attribute", "value")
-    # Your code
-    pass
-```
-
-### JavaScript/Node.js
-
-**Installation:**
-```bash
-npm install @opentelemetry/api
-npm install @opentelemetry/sdk-node
-npm install @opentelemetry/exporter-otlp-http
-```
-
-**Setup:**
-```javascript
-const { NodeSDK } = require('@opentelemetry/sdk-node');
-const { OTLPTraceExporter } = require('@opentelemetry/exporter-otlp-http');
-const { Resource } = require('@opentelemetry/resources');
-
-const sdk = new NodeSDK({
-  resource: new Resource({
-    'service.name': 'my-service',
-    'service.version': '1.0.0',
-  }),
-  traceExporter: new OTLPTraceExporter({
-    url: 'http://collector:4318/v1/traces',
-  }),
-});
-
-sdk.start();
-```
-
-### Java
-
-**Dependencies:**
-```xml
-<dependency>
-    <groupId>io.opentelemetry</groupId>
-    <artifactId>opentelemetry-api</artifactId>
-</dependency>
-<dependency>
-    <groupId>io.opentelemetry</groupId>
-    <artifactId>opentelemetry-sdk</artifactId>
-</dependency>
-```
-
-**Setup:**
-```java
-import io.opentelemetry.api.OpenTelemetry;
-import io.opentelemetry.api.trace.Tracer;
-
-OpenTelemetry openTelemetry = OpenTelemetrySdk.builder()
-    .setTracerProvider(
-        SdkTracerProvider.builder()
-            .addSpanProcessor(BatchSpanProcessor.builder(
-                OtlpGrpcSpanExporter.builder()
-                    .setEndpoint("http://collector:4317")
-                    .build())
-                .build())
-            .build())
-    .build();
-
-Tracer tracer = openTelemetry.getTracer("my-service");
-```
-
-### Go
-
-**Installation:**
-```bash
-go get go.opentelemetry.io/otel
-go get go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk
-go get go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc
-```
-
-**Setup:**
-```go
-import (
-    "go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
-    "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc"
-    "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/trace"
-)
-
-exporter, err := otlptracegrpc.New(context.Background(),
-    otlptracegrpc.WithEndpoint("collector:4317"),
-)
-if err != nil {
-    log.Fatal(err)
-}
-
-tp := trace.NewTracerProvider(
-    trace.WithBatcher(exporter),
-)
-otel.SetTracerProvider(tp)
-```
-
-## Automatic Instrumentation
-
-### Python Auto-Instrumentation
-
-**Install Packages:**
-```bash
-pip install opentelemetry-instrumentation-requests
-pip install opentelemetry-instrumentation-flask
-pip install opentelemetry-instrumentation-sqlalchemy
-```
-
-**Use Auto-Instrumentation:**
-```python
-from opentelemetry.instrumentation.requests import RequestsInstrumentor
-from opentelemetry.instrumentation.flask import FlaskInstrumentor
-from flask import Flask
-
-# Auto-instrument requests library
-RequestsInstrumentor().instrument()
-
-# Auto-instrument Flask
-app = Flask(__name__)
-FlaskInstrumentor().instrument_app(app)
-```
-
-**Command-Line Instrumentation:**
-```bash
-opentelemetry-instrument --traces_exporter otlp \
-  --service_name my-service \
-  python my_app.py
-```
-
-### Node.js Auto-Instrumentation
-
-**Install:**
-```bash
-npm install @opentelemetry/auto-instrumentations-node
-```
-
-**Setup:**
-```javascript
-const { NodeSDK } = require('@opentelemetry/sdk-node');
-const { getNodeAutoInstrumentations } = require('@opentelemetry/auto-instrumentations-node');
-
-const sdk = new NodeSDK({
-  instrumentations: [getNodeAutoInstrumentations()],
-});
-
-sdk.start();
-```
-
-## Manual Instrumentation
-
-### Creating Spans
-
-**Python:**
-```python
-from opentelemetry import trace
-
-tracer = trace.get_tracer(__name__)
-
-def process_order(order_id: str):
-    with tracer.start_as_current_span("process_order") as span:
-        span.set_attribute("order.id", order_id)
-        
-        try:
-            result = validate_order(order_id)
-            span.set_status(trace.Status(trace.StatusCode.OK))
-            return result
-        except Exception as e:
-            span.record_exception(e)
-            span.set_status(trace.Status(trace.StatusCode.ERROR, str(e)))
-            raise
-```
-
-### Span Attributes
-
-**Semantic Conventions:**
-```python
-span.set_attribute("http.method", "GET")
-span.set_attribute("http.url", "/api/users")
-span.set_attribute("http.status_code", 200)
-span.set_attribute("db.system", "postgresql")
-span.set_attribute("db.name", "users")
-span.set_attribute("db.operation", "SELECT")
-span.set_attribute("net.peer.ip", "192.168.1.1")
-```
-
-**Custom Attributes:**
-```python
-span.set_attribute("business.order_id", order_id)
-span.set_attribute("business.user_tier", "premium")
-span.set_attribute("business.payment_method", "credit_card")
-```
-
-### Events
-
-**Add Events to Spans:**
-```python
-span.add_event("order.validated", {
-    "validation_result": "success",
-    "items_count": 5
-})
-
-span.add_event("payment.processed", {
-    "payment_method": "credit_card",
-    "amount": 99.99
-})
-```
-
-## Context Propagation
-
-### W3C Trace Context
-
-**Propagate Across Services:**
-```python
-from opentelemetry.propagate import inject, extract
-
-# Client: Inject context
-headers = {}
-inject(headers)
-response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
-
-# Server: Extract context
-context = extract(request.headers)
-tracer = trace.get_tracer(__name__)
-with tracer.start_as_current_span("handle_request", context=context):
-    # Process request
-    pass
-```
-
-### Baggage
-
-**Propagate Custom Data:**
-```python
-from opentelemetry import baggage
-
-# Set baggage
-ctx = baggage.set_baggage("user.id", "user123")
-ctx = baggage.set_baggage("experiment.flag", "true", context=ctx)
-
-# Use baggage
-user_id = baggage.get_baggage("user.id", context=ctx)
-```
-
-## Metrics
-
-### Counter
-
-```python
-from opentelemetry import metrics
-
-meter = metrics.get_meter(__name__)
-counter = meter.create_counter(
-    "requests_total",
-    description="Total number of requests"
-)
-
-counter.add(1, {"method": "GET", "status": "200"})
-```
-
-### Gauge
-
-```python
-gauge = meter.create_up_down_counter(
-    "active_connections",
-    description="Number of active connections"
-)
-
-gauge.add(1)  # Increment
-gauge.add(-1)  # Decrement
-```
-
-### Histogram
-
-```python
-histogram = meter.create_histogram(
-    "request_duration",
-    description="Request duration",
-    unit="ms"
-)
-
-histogram.record(245, {"method": "GET", "endpoint": "/api/users"})
-```
-
-## Resource Detection
-
-### Resource Attributes
-
-**Define Service Identity:**
-```python
-from opentelemetry.sdk.resources import Resource
-
-resource = Resource.create({
-    "service.name": "order-service",
-    "service.version": "1.2.3",
-    "service.namespace": "production",
-    "deployment.environment": "prod",
-})
-```
-
-**Automatic Detection:**
-```python
-from opentelemetry.sdk.resources import Resource
-from opentelemetry.semconv.resource import ResourceAttributes
-
-resource = Resource.create({
-    ResourceAttributes.SERVICE_NAME: "my-service",
-    ResourceAttributes.SERVICE_VERSION: "1.0.0",
-})
-```
-
-## OpenTelemetry Collector
-
-### Configuration
-
-**Receivers:**
-```yaml
-receivers:
-  otlp:
-    protocols:
-      grpc:
-        endpoint: 0.0.0.0:4317
-      http:
-        endpoint: 0.0.0.0:4318
-```
-
-**Processors:**
-```yaml
-processors:
-  batch:
-    timeout: 10s
-    send_batch_size: 1024
-  resource:
-    attributes:
-      - key: environment
-        value: production
-        action: upsert
-```
-
-**Exporters:**
-```yaml
-exporters:
-  jaeger:
-    endpoint: jaeger:14250
-    tls:
-      insecure: true
-  prometheus:
-    endpoint: "0.0.0.0:8889"
-```
-
-**Service:**
-```yaml
-service:
-  pipelines:
-    traces:
-      receivers: [otlp]
-      processors: [batch]
-      exporters: [jaeger]
-    metrics:
-      receivers: [otlp]
-      processors: [batch, resource]
-      exporters: [prometheus]
-```
-
-## Best Practices
-
-### 1. Use Semantic Conventions
-
-**Follow Standards:**
-- HTTP attributes
-- Database attributes
-- Messaging attributes
-- Resource attributes
-
-### 2. Sample Appropriately
-
-**Head-Based Sampling:**
-```python
-from opentelemetry.sdk.trace.sampling import TraceIdRatioBased
-
-sampler = TraceIdRatioBased(0.1)  # 10% sampling
-tracer_provider = TracerProvider(sampler=sampler)
-```
-
-**Tail-Based Sampling:**
-- Implement in collector
-- Sample based on errors/slow traces
-
-### 3. Minimize Overhead
-
-**Async Export:**
-```python
-from opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export import BatchSpanProcessor
-
-processor = BatchSpanProcessor(exporter)
-```
-
-**Batch Exports:**
-- Configure batch size
-- Set timeout
-- Balance latency and efficiency
-
-### 4. Propagate Context
-
-**Always Propagate:**
-- HTTP requests
-- Message queues
-- RPC calls
-- Database operations
-
-### 5. Include Business Context
-
-**Add Business Attributes:**
-```python
-span.set_attribute("business.user_id", user_id)
-span.set_attribute("business.order_id", order_id)
-span.set_attribute("business.payment_amount", amount)
-```
-
-## Integration with Backends
-
-### Jaeger
-
-**Exporter:**
-```python
-from opentelemetry.exporter.jaeger.thrift import JaegerExporter
-
-jaeger_exporter = JaegerExporter(
-    agent_host_name="jaeger",
-    agent_port=6831,
-)
-```
-
-### Prometheus
-
-**Metrics Exporter:**
-```python
-from opentelemetry.exporter.prometheus import PrometheusMetricReader
-from opentelemetry.sdk.metrics import MeterProvider
-
-reader = PrometheusMetricReader()
-provider = MeterProvider(metric_readers=[reader])
-```
-
-### Zipkin
-
-**Exporter:**
-```python
-from opentelemetry.exporter.zipkin.json import ZipkinExporter
-
-zipkin_exporter = ZipkinExporter(
-    endpoint="http://zipkin:9411/api/v2/spans"
-)
-```
-
-## Summary
-
-OpenTelemetry provides:
-
-1. **Vendor-neutral** instrumentation
-2. **Standard APIs** across languages
-3. **Automatic instrumentation** for common frameworks
-4. **Flexible exporters** to multiple backends
-5. **Context propagation** standards
-6. **Semantic conventions** for consistency
-7. **Collector** for processing and routing
-8. **Open standard** for observability
-
-Adopting OpenTelemetry ensures:
-- Future-proof instrumentation
-- Easy backend switching
-- Consistent telemetry
-- Standard tooling ecosystem
-
+# OpenTelemetry Standards and Instrumentation
+
+## Overview
+
+OpenTelemetry is a collection of APIs, SDKs, and tools used to instrument, generate, collect, and export telemetry data (metrics, logs, and traces) for analysis to understand software performance and behavior.
+
+## Key Concepts
+
+### OpenTelemetry Components
+
+**APIs:**
+- Language-specific APIs for instrumentation
+- Vendor-neutral interface
+- Standard abstractions
+
+**SDKs:**
+- Implementation of APIs
+- Configuration and setup
+- Resource detection
+- Exporters
+
+**Collectors:**
+- Receives, processes, and exports telemetry data
+- Vendor-neutral
+- Flexible routing and processing
+
+**Instrumentation Libraries:**
+- Auto-instrumentation for common frameworks
+- Manual instrumentation helpers
+- Language-specific implementations
+
+## Architecture
+
+### Data Flow
+
+```
+Application → OpenTelemetry SDK → OTLP Exporter → Collector → Backend
+```
+
+**Components:**
+1. **Instrumentation:** Code in application
+2. **SDK:** Collects and processes data
+3. **Exporter:** Sends to collector or backend
+4. **Collector:** Receives, processes, routes data
+5. **Backend:** Storage and analysis (Jaeger, Prometheus, etc.)
+
+### Signals
+
+**Traces:**
+- Distributed tracing
+- Request flow through services
+- Span-based model
+
+**Metrics:**
+- Time-series measurements
+- Aggregated data points
+- Counter, gauge, histogram
+
+**Logs:**
+- Event records
+- Structured logging
+- Correlation with traces
+
+## Language Support
+
+### Python
+
+**Installation:**
+```bash
+pip install opentelemetry-api opentelemetry-sdk
+pip install opentelemetry-instrumentation
+pip install opentelemetry-exporter-otlp
+```
+
+**Basic Setup:**
+```python
+from opentelemetry import trace
+from opentelemetry.sdk.trace import TracerProvider
+from opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export import BatchSpanProcessor
+from opentelemetry.exporter.otlp.proto.grpc.trace_exporter import OTLPSpanExporter
+
+# Set up tracer provider
+trace.set_tracer_provider(TracerProvider())
+
+# Add exporter
+otlp_exporter = OTLPSpanExporter(endpoint="http://collector:4317")
+span_processor = BatchSpanProcessor(otlp_exporter)
+trace.get_tracer_provider().add_span_processor(span_processor)
+
+# Get tracer
+tracer = trace.get_tracer(__name__)
+```
+
+**Instrumentation:**
+```python
+from opentelemetry import trace
+
+tracer = trace.get_tracer(__name__)
+
+@tracer.start_as_current_span("operation")
+def my_function():
+    span = trace.get_current_span()
+    span.set_attribute("custom.attribute", "value")
+    # Your code
+    pass
+```
+
+### JavaScript/Node.js
+
+**Installation:**
+```bash
+npm install @opentelemetry/api
+npm install @opentelemetry/sdk-node
+npm install @opentelemetry/exporter-otlp-http
+```
+
+**Setup:**
+```javascript
+const { NodeSDK } = require('@opentelemetry/sdk-node');
+const { OTLPTraceExporter } = require('@opentelemetry/exporter-otlp-http');
+const { Resource } = require('@opentelemetry/resources');
+
+const sdk = new NodeSDK({
+  resource: new Resource({
+    'service.name': 'my-service',
+    'service.version': '1.0.0',
+  }),
+  traceExporter: new OTLPTraceExporter({
+    url: 'http://collector:4318/v1/traces',
+  }),
+});
+
+sdk.start();
+```
+
+### Java
+
+**Dependencies:**
+```xml
+<dependency>
+    <groupId>io.opentelemetry</groupId>
+    <artifactId>opentelemetry-api</artifactId>
+</dependency>
+<dependency>
+    <groupId>io.opentelemetry</groupId>
+    <artifactId>opentelemetry-sdk</artifactId>
+</dependency>
+```
+
+**Setup:**
+```java
+import io.opentelemetry.api.OpenTelemetry;
+import io.opentelemetry.api.trace.Tracer;
+
+OpenTelemetry openTelemetry = OpenTelemetrySdk.builder()
+    .setTracerProvider(
+        SdkTracerProvider.builder()
+            .addSpanProcessor(BatchSpanProcessor.builder(
+                OtlpGrpcSpanExporter.builder()
+                    .setEndpoint("http://collector:4317")
+                    .build())
+                .build())
+            .build())
+    .build();
+
+Tracer tracer = openTelemetry.getTracer("my-service");
+```
+
+### Go
+
+**Installation:**
+```bash
+go get go.opentelemetry.io/otel
+go get go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk
+go get go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc
+```
+
+**Setup:**
+```go
+import (
+    "go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
+    "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc"
+    "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/trace"
+)
+
+exporter, err := otlptracegrpc.New(context.Background(),
+    otlptracegrpc.WithEndpoint("collector:4317"),
+)
+if err != nil {
+    log.Fatal(err)
+}
+
+tp := trace.NewTracerProvider(
+    trace.WithBatcher(exporter),
+)
+otel.SetTracerProvider(tp)
+```
+
+## Automatic Instrumentation
+
+### Python Auto-Instrumentation
+
+**Install Packages:**
+```bash
+pip install opentelemetry-instrumentation-requests
+pip install opentelemetry-instrumentation-flask
+pip install opentelemetry-instrumentation-sqlalchemy
+```
+
+**Use Auto-Instrumentation:**
+```python
+from opentelemetry.instrumentation.requests import RequestsInstrumentor
+from opentelemetry.instrumentation.flask import FlaskInstrumentor
+from flask import Flask
+
+# Auto-instrument requests library
+RequestsInstrumentor().instrument()
+
+# Auto-instrument Flask
+app = Flask(__name__)
+FlaskInstrumentor().instrument_app(app)
+```
+
+**Command-Line Instrumentation:**
+```bash
+opentelemetry-instrument --traces_exporter otlp \
+  --service_name my-service \
+  python my_app.py
+```
+
+### Node.js Auto-Instrumentation
+
+**Install:**
+```bash
+npm install @opentelemetry/auto-instrumentations-node
+```
+
+**Setup:**
+```javascript
+const { NodeSDK } = require('@opentelemetry/sdk-node');
+const { getNodeAutoInstrumentations } = require('@opentelemetry/auto-instrumentations-node');
+
+const sdk = new NodeSDK({
+  instrumentations: [getNodeAutoInstrumentations()],
+});
+
+sdk.start();
+```
+
+## Manual Instrumentation
+
+### Creating Spans
+
+**Python:**
+```python
+from opentelemetry import trace
+
+tracer = trace.get_tracer(__name__)
+
+def process_order(order_id: str):
+    with tracer.start_as_current_span("process_order") as span:
+        span.set_attribute("order.id", order_id)
+        
+        try:
+            result = validate_order(order_id)
+            span.set_status(trace.Status(trace.StatusCode.OK))
+            return result
+        except Exception as e:
+            span.record_exception(e)
+            span.set_status(trace.Status(trace.StatusCode.ERROR, str(e)))
+            raise
+```
+
+### Span Attributes
+
+**Semantic Conventions:**
+```python
+span.set_attribute("http.method", "GET")
+span.set_attribute("http.url", "/api/users")
+span.set_attribute("http.status_code", 200)
+span.set_attribute("db.system", "postgresql")
+span.set_attribute("db.name", "users")
+span.set_attribute("db.operation", "SELECT")
+span.set_attribute("net.peer.ip", "192.168.1.1")
+```
+
+**Custom Attributes:**
+```python
+span.set_attribute("business.order_id", order_id)
+span.set_attribute("business.user_tier", "premium")
+span.set_attribute("business.payment_method", "credit_card")
+```
+
+### Events
+
+**Add Events to Spans:**
+```python
+span.add_event("order.validated", {
+    "validation_result": "success",
+    "items_count": 5
+})
+
+span.add_event("payment.processed", {
+    "payment_method": "credit_card",
+    "amount": 99.99
+})
+```
+
+## Context Propagation
+
+### W3C Trace Context
+
+**Propagate Across Services:**
+```python
+from opentelemetry.propagate import inject, extract
+
+# Client: Inject context
+headers = {}
+inject(headers)
+response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
+
+# Server: Extract context
+context = extract(request.headers)
+tracer = trace.get_tracer(__name__)
+with tracer.start_as_current_span("handle_request", context=context):
+    # Process request
+    pass
+```
+
+### Baggage
+
+**Propagate Custom Data:**
+```python
+from opentelemetry import baggage
+
+# Set baggage
+ctx = baggage.set_baggage("user.id", "user123")
+ctx = baggage.set_baggage("experiment.flag", "true", context=ctx)
+
+# Use baggage
+user_id = baggage.get_baggage("user.id", context=ctx)
+```
+
+## Metrics
+
+### Counter
+
+```python
+from opentelemetry import metrics
+
+meter = metrics.get_meter(__name__)
+counter = meter.create_counter(
+    "requests_total",
+    description="Total number of requests"
+)
+
+counter.add(1, {"method": "GET", "status": "200"})
+```
+
+### Gauge
+
+```python
+gauge = meter.create_up_down_counter(
+    "active_connections",
+    description="Number of active connections"
+)
+
+gauge.add(1)  # Increment
+gauge.add(-1)  # Decrement
+```
+
+### Histogram
+
+```python
+histogram = meter.create_histogram(
+    "request_duration",
+    description="Request duration",
+    unit="ms"
+)
+
+histogram.record(245, {"method": "GET", "endpoint": "/api/users"})
+```
+
+## Resource Detection
+
+### Resource Attributes
+
+**Define Service Identity:**
+```python
+from opentelemetry.sdk.resources import Resource
+
+resource = Resource.create({
+    "service.name": "order-service",
+    "service.version": "1.2.3",
+    "service.namespace": "production",
+    "deployment.environment": "prod",
+})
+```
+
+**Automatic Detection:**
+```python
+from opentelemetry.sdk.resources import Resource
+from opentelemetry.semconv.resource import ResourceAttributes
+
+resource = Resource.create({
+    ResourceAttributes.SERVICE_NAME: "my-service",
+    ResourceAttributes.SERVICE_VERSION: "1.0.0",
+})
+```
+
+## OpenTelemetry Collector
+
+### Configuration
+
+**Receivers:**
+```yaml
+receivers:
+  otlp:
+    protocols:
+      grpc:
+        endpoint: 0.0.0.0:4317
+      http:
+        endpoint: 0.0.0.0:4318
+```
+
+**Processors:**
+```yaml
+processors:
+  batch:
+    timeout: 10s
+    send_batch_size: 1024
+  resource:
+    attributes:
+      - key: environment
+        value: production
+        action: upsert
+```
+
+**Exporters:**
+```yaml
+exporters:
+  jaeger:
+    endpoint: jaeger:14250
+    tls:
+      insecure: true
+  prometheus:
+    endpoint: "0.0.0.0:8889"
+```
+
+**Service:**
+```yaml
+service:
+  pipelines:
+    traces:
+      receivers: [otlp]
+      processors: [batch]
+      exporters: [jaeger]
+    metrics:
+      receivers: [otlp]
+      processors: [batch, resource]
+      exporters: [prometheus]
+```
+
+## Best Practices
+
+### 1. Use Semantic Conventions
+
+**Follow Standards:**
+- HTTP attributes
+- Database attributes
+- Messaging attributes
+- Resource attributes
+
+### 2. Sample Appropriately
+
+**Head-Based Sampling:**
+```python
+from opentelemetry.sdk.trace.sampling import TraceIdRatioBased
+
+sampler = TraceIdRatioBased(0.1)  # 10% sampling
+tracer_provider = TracerProvider(sampler=sampler)
+```
+
+**Tail-Based Sampling:**
+- Implement in collector
+- Sample based on errors/slow traces
+
+### 3. Minimize Overhead
+
+**Async Export:**
+```python
+from opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export import BatchSpanProcessor
+
+processor = BatchSpanProcessor(exporter)
+```
+
+**Batch Exports:**
+- Configure batch size
+- Set timeout
+- Balance latency and efficiency
+
+### 4. Propagate Context
+
+**Always Propagate:**
+- HTTP requests
+- Message queues
+- RPC calls
+- Database operations
+
+### 5. Include Business Context
+
+**Add Business Attributes:**
+```python
+span.set_attribute("business.user_id", user_id)
+span.set_attribute("business.order_id", order_id)
+span.set_attribute("business.payment_amount", amount)
+```
+
+## Integration with Backends
+
+### Jaeger
+
+**Exporter:**
+```python
+from opentelemetry.exporter.jaeger.thrift import JaegerExporter
+
+jaeger_exporter = JaegerExporter(
+    agent_host_name="jaeger",
+    agent_port=6831,
+)
+```
+
+### Prometheus
+
+**Metrics Exporter:**
+```python
+from opentelemetry.exporter.prometheus import PrometheusMetricReader
+from opentelemetry.sdk.metrics import MeterProvider
+
+reader = PrometheusMetricReader()
+provider = MeterProvider(metric_readers=[reader])
+```
+
+### Zipkin
+
+**Exporter:**
+```python
+from opentelemetry.exporter.zipkin.json import ZipkinExporter
+
+zipkin_exporter = ZipkinExporter(
+    endpoint="http://zipkin:9411/api/v2/spans"
+)
+```
+
+## Summary
+
+OpenTelemetry provides:
+
+1. **Vendor-neutral** instrumentation
+2. **Standard APIs** across languages
+3. **Automatic instrumentation** for common frameworks
+4. **Flexible exporters** to multiple backends
+5. **Context propagation** standards
+6. **Semantic conventions** for consistency
+7. **Collector** for processing and routing
+8. **Open standard** for observability
+
+Adopting OpenTelemetry ensures:
+- Future-proof instrumentation
+- Easy backend switching
+- Consistent telemetry
+- Standard tooling ecosystem
+