snappy 3.1.1__cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl → 3.2__cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl

This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.
Files changed (476) hide show
  1. snappy/CyOpenGL.cp38-win_amd64.pyd +0 -0
  2. snappy/SnapPy.cp38-win_amd64.pyd +0 -0
  3. snappy/SnapPyHP.cp38-win_amd64.pyd +0 -0
  4. snappy/__init__.py +299 -402
  5. snappy/app.py +70 -20
  6. snappy/browser.py +18 -17
  7. snappy/canonical.py +249 -0
  8. snappy/{verify/cusp_shapes.py → cusps/__init__.py} +8 -18
  9. snappy/cusps/cusp_area_matrix.py +101 -0
  10. snappy/{verify/cusp_areas.py → cusps/cusp_areas_from_matrix.py} +23 -39
  11. snappy/cusps/maximal_cusp_area_matrix.py +136 -0
  12. snappy/cusps/test.py +21 -0
  13. snappy/cusps/trig_cusp_area_matrix.py +63 -0
  14. snappy/database.py +10 -9
  15. snappy/decorated_isosig.py +337 -114
  16. snappy/dev/extended_ptolemy/complexVolumesClosed.py +40 -7
  17. snappy/dev/extended_ptolemy/extended.py +3 -3
  18. snappy/dev/extended_ptolemy/phc_wrapper.py +10 -10
  19. snappy/dev/vericlosed/oneVertexTruncatedComplex.py +1 -1
  20. snappy/doc/_images/m004_paper_plane_on_systole.jpg +0 -0
  21. snappy/doc/_images/m125_paper_plane.jpg +0 -0
  22. snappy/doc/_images/o9_00000_systole_paper_plane.jpg +0 -0
  23. snappy/doc/_images/o9_00000_systole_paper_plane_closer.jpg +0 -0
  24. snappy/doc/_sources/additional_classes.rst.txt +40 -40
  25. snappy/doc/_sources/bugs.rst.txt +14 -14
  26. snappy/doc/_sources/censuses.rst.txt +51 -51
  27. snappy/doc/_sources/credits.rst.txt +75 -75
  28. snappy/doc/_sources/development.rst.txt +259 -239
  29. snappy/doc/_sources/index.rst.txt +182 -115
  30. snappy/doc/_sources/installing.rst.txt +247 -264
  31. snappy/doc/_sources/manifold.rst.txt +6 -6
  32. snappy/doc/_sources/manifoldhp.rst.txt +46 -46
  33. snappy/doc/_sources/news.rst.txt +355 -283
  34. snappy/doc/_sources/other.rst.txt +25 -25
  35. snappy/doc/_sources/platonic_census.rst.txt +20 -20
  36. snappy/doc/_sources/plink.rst.txt +102 -102
  37. snappy/doc/_sources/ptolemy.rst.txt +66 -66
  38. snappy/doc/_sources/ptolemy_classes.rst.txt +42 -42
  39. snappy/doc/_sources/ptolemy_examples1.rst.txt +298 -297
  40. snappy/doc/_sources/ptolemy_examples2.rst.txt +363 -363
  41. snappy/doc/_sources/ptolemy_examples3.rst.txt +301 -301
  42. snappy/doc/_sources/ptolemy_examples4.rst.txt +61 -61
  43. snappy/doc/_sources/ptolemy_prelim.rst.txt +105 -105
  44. snappy/doc/_sources/screenshots.rst.txt +21 -21
  45. snappy/doc/_sources/snap.rst.txt +87 -87
  46. snappy/doc/_sources/snappy.rst.txt +28 -28
  47. snappy/doc/_sources/spherogram.rst.txt +103 -103
  48. snappy/doc/_sources/todo.rst.txt +47 -47
  49. snappy/doc/_sources/triangulation.rst.txt +11 -11
  50. snappy/doc/_sources/tutorial.rst.txt +49 -49
  51. snappy/doc/_sources/verify.rst.txt +210 -150
  52. snappy/doc/_sources/verify_internals.rst.txt +79 -90
  53. snappy/doc/_static/basic.css +924 -902
  54. snappy/doc/_static/css/badge_only.css +1 -1
  55. snappy/doc/_static/css/theme.css +1 -1
  56. snappy/doc/_static/doctools.js +1 -1
  57. snappy/doc/_static/documentation_options.js +12 -13
  58. snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-bold.eot +0 -0
  59. snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-bold.ttf +0 -0
  60. snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-bold.woff +0 -0
  61. snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-bold.woff2 +0 -0
  62. snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-bolditalic.eot +0 -0
  63. snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-bolditalic.ttf +0 -0
  64. snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-bolditalic.woff +0 -0
  65. snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-bolditalic.woff2 +0 -0
  66. snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-italic.eot +0 -0
  67. snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-italic.ttf +0 -0
  68. snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-italic.woff +0 -0
  69. snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-italic.woff2 +0 -0
  70. snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-regular.eot +0 -0
  71. snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-regular.ttf +0 -0
  72. snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-regular.woff +0 -0
  73. snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-regular.woff2 +0 -0
  74. snappy/doc/_static/fonts/RobotoSlab/roboto-slab-v7-bold.eot +0 -0
  75. snappy/doc/_static/fonts/RobotoSlab/roboto-slab-v7-bold.ttf +0 -0
  76. snappy/doc/_static/fonts/RobotoSlab/roboto-slab-v7-bold.woff +0 -0
  77. snappy/doc/_static/fonts/RobotoSlab/roboto-slab-v7-bold.woff2 +0 -0
  78. snappy/doc/_static/fonts/RobotoSlab/roboto-slab-v7-regular.eot +0 -0
  79. snappy/doc/_static/fonts/RobotoSlab/roboto-slab-v7-regular.ttf +0 -0
  80. snappy/doc/_static/fonts/RobotoSlab/roboto-slab-v7-regular.woff +0 -0
  81. snappy/doc/_static/fonts/RobotoSlab/roboto-slab-v7-regular.woff2 +0 -0
  82. snappy/doc/_static/js/versions.js +228 -0
  83. snappy/doc/_static/language_data.js +199 -199
  84. snappy/doc/_static/pygments.css +74 -73
  85. snappy/doc/_static/searchtools.js +125 -71
  86. snappy/doc/_static/snappy_furo.css +33 -33
  87. snappy/doc/_static/snappy_sphinx_rtd_theme.css +42 -42
  88. snappy/doc/_static/sphinx_highlight.js +13 -3
  89. snappy/doc/additional_classes.html +1499 -1330
  90. snappy/doc/bugs.html +131 -134
  91. snappy/doc/censuses.html +426 -445
  92. snappy/doc/credits.html +180 -183
  93. snappy/doc/development.html +383 -363
  94. snappy/doc/genindex.html +1330 -1409
  95. snappy/doc/index.html +261 -206
  96. snappy/doc/installing.html +345 -363
  97. snappy/doc/manifold.html +3451 -2839
  98. snappy/doc/manifoldhp.html +179 -182
  99. snappy/doc/news.html +387 -329
  100. snappy/doc/objects.inv +0 -0
  101. snappy/doc/other.html +160 -162
  102. snappy/doc/platonic_census.html +374 -377
  103. snappy/doc/plink.html +209 -212
  104. snappy/doc/ptolemy.html +253 -255
  105. snappy/doc/ptolemy_classes.html +1143 -1146
  106. snappy/doc/ptolemy_examples1.html +408 -410
  107. snappy/doc/ptolemy_examples2.html +470 -473
  108. snappy/doc/ptolemy_examples3.html +413 -416
  109. snappy/doc/ptolemy_examples4.html +194 -197
  110. snappy/doc/ptolemy_prelim.html +247 -250
  111. snappy/doc/py-modindex.html +164 -167
  112. snappy/doc/screenshots.html +140 -142
  113. snappy/doc/search.html +134 -137
  114. snappy/doc/searchindex.js +1 -1
  115. snappy/doc/snap.html +201 -204
  116. snappy/doc/snappy.html +180 -182
  117. snappy/doc/spherogram.html +1210 -1213
  118. snappy/doc/todo.html +165 -168
  119. snappy/doc/triangulation.html +1583 -1474
  120. snappy/doc/tutorial.html +158 -161
  121. snappy/doc/verify.html +329 -275
  122. snappy/doc/verify_internals.html +1234 -1691
  123. snappy/drilling/__init__.py +153 -235
  124. snappy/drilling/barycentric.py +103 -0
  125. snappy/drilling/constants.py +0 -2
  126. snappy/drilling/crush.py +56 -130
  127. snappy/drilling/cusps.py +12 -6
  128. snappy/drilling/debug.py +2 -1
  129. snappy/drilling/exceptions.py +7 -40
  130. snappy/drilling/moves.py +302 -243
  131. snappy/drilling/perturb.py +63 -37
  132. snappy/drilling/shorten.py +36 -0
  133. snappy/drilling/subdivide.py +0 -5
  134. snappy/drilling/test.py +23 -0
  135. snappy/drilling/test_cases.py +126 -0
  136. snappy/drilling/tracing.py +9 -37
  137. snappy/exceptions.py +18 -5
  138. snappy/exterior_to_link/barycentric_geometry.py +2 -4
  139. snappy/exterior_to_link/main.py +8 -7
  140. snappy/exterior_to_link/mcomplex_with_link.py +2 -2
  141. snappy/exterior_to_link/rational_linear_algebra.py +1 -1
  142. snappy/exterior_to_link/rational_linear_algebra_wrapped.py +1 -1
  143. snappy/exterior_to_link/test.py +21 -33
  144. snappy/geometric_structure/__init__.py +212 -0
  145. snappy/geometric_structure/cusp_neighborhood/__init__.py +3 -0
  146. snappy/geometric_structure/cusp_neighborhood/complex_cusp_cross_section.py +697 -0
  147. snappy/geometric_structure/cusp_neighborhood/cusp_cross_section_base.py +484 -0
  148. snappy/geometric_structure/cusp_neighborhood/exceptions.py +42 -0
  149. snappy/geometric_structure/cusp_neighborhood/real_cusp_cross_section.py +298 -0
  150. snappy/geometric_structure/cusp_neighborhood/tiles_for_cusp_neighborhood.py +159 -0
  151. snappy/geometric_structure/cusp_neighborhood/vertices.py +32 -0
  152. snappy/geometric_structure/geodesic/__init__.py +0 -0
  153. snappy/geometric_structure/geodesic/add_core_curves.py +152 -0
  154. snappy/geometric_structure/geodesic/avoid_core_curves.py +369 -0
  155. snappy/geometric_structure/geodesic/canonical_keys.py +52 -0
  156. snappy/geometric_structure/geodesic/check_away_from_core_curve.py +60 -0
  157. snappy/geometric_structure/geodesic/constants.py +6 -0
  158. snappy/geometric_structure/geodesic/exceptions.py +22 -0
  159. snappy/{drilling → geometric_structure/geodesic}/fixed_points.py +34 -9
  160. snappy/{drilling/geodesic_info.py → geometric_structure/geodesic/geodesic_start_point_info.py} +139 -180
  161. snappy/geometric_structure/geodesic/graph_trace_helper.py +67 -0
  162. snappy/geometric_structure/geodesic/line.py +30 -0
  163. snappy/geometric_structure/geodesic/multiplicity.py +127 -0
  164. snappy/geometric_structure/geodesic/tiles_for_geodesic.py +101 -0
  165. snappy/geometric_structure/test.py +22 -0
  166. snappy/gui.py +23 -13
  167. snappy/horoviewer.py +7 -7
  168. snappy/hyperboloid/__init__.py +96 -31
  169. snappy/hyperboloid/distances.py +245 -0
  170. snappy/hyperboloid/horoball.py +19 -0
  171. snappy/hyperboloid/line.py +35 -0
  172. snappy/hyperboloid/point.py +9 -0
  173. snappy/hyperboloid/triangle.py +29 -0
  174. snappy/isometry_signature.py +382 -0
  175. snappy/len_spec/__init__.py +596 -0
  176. snappy/len_spec/geodesic_info.py +110 -0
  177. snappy/len_spec/geodesic_key_info_dict.py +117 -0
  178. snappy/len_spec/geodesic_piece.py +143 -0
  179. snappy/len_spec/geometric_structure.py +182 -0
  180. snappy/len_spec/geometry.py +80 -0
  181. snappy/len_spec/length_spectrum_geodesic_info.py +170 -0
  182. snappy/len_spec/spine.py +206 -0
  183. snappy/len_spec/test.py +24 -0
  184. snappy/len_spec/test_cases.py +69 -0
  185. snappy/len_spec/tile.py +275 -0
  186. snappy/len_spec/word.py +86 -0
  187. snappy/math_basics.py +39 -13
  188. snappy/matrix.py +52 -9
  189. snappy/number.py +12 -6
  190. snappy/numeric_output_checker.py +2 -3
  191. snappy/pari.py +8 -4
  192. snappy/phone_home.py +2 -1
  193. snappy/polyviewer.py +8 -8
  194. snappy/ptolemy/__init__.py +1 -1
  195. snappy/ptolemy/component.py +2 -2
  196. snappy/ptolemy/coordinates.py +25 -25
  197. snappy/ptolemy/findLoops.py +9 -9
  198. snappy/ptolemy/manifoldMethods.py +27 -29
  199. snappy/ptolemy/polynomial.py +50 -57
  200. snappy/ptolemy/processFileBase.py +60 -0
  201. snappy/ptolemy/ptolemyVariety.py +109 -41
  202. snappy/ptolemy/reginaWrapper.py +4 -4
  203. snappy/ptolemy/rur.py +1 -1
  204. snappy/ptolemy/solutionsToPrimeIdealGroebnerBasis.py +9 -9
  205. snappy/ptolemy/test.py +99 -54
  206. snappy/ptolemy/utilities.py +1 -1
  207. snappy/raytracing/__init__.py +64 -0
  208. snappy/raytracing/additional_horospheres.py +64 -0
  209. snappy/raytracing/additional_len_spec_choices.py +63 -0
  210. snappy/raytracing/cohomology_fractal.py +0 -3
  211. snappy/raytracing/eyeball.py +123 -0
  212. snappy/raytracing/finite_raytracing_data.py +17 -17
  213. snappy/raytracing/finite_viewer.py +15 -15
  214. snappy/raytracing/geodesic_tube_info.py +93 -63
  215. snappy/raytracing/geodesics.py +94 -64
  216. snappy/raytracing/geodesics_window.py +56 -34
  217. snappy/raytracing/gui_utilities.py +21 -6
  218. snappy/raytracing/hyperboloid_navigation.py +29 -4
  219. snappy/raytracing/hyperboloid_utilities.py +73 -73
  220. snappy/raytracing/ideal_raytracing_data.py +121 -91
  221. snappy/raytracing/inside_viewer.py +199 -66
  222. snappy/raytracing/pack.py +22 -0
  223. snappy/raytracing/raytracing_data.py +37 -25
  224. snappy/raytracing/raytracing_view.py +70 -65
  225. snappy/raytracing/shaders/Eye.png +0 -0
  226. snappy/raytracing/shaders/NonGeometric.png +0 -0
  227. snappy/raytracing/shaders/__init__.py +39 -3
  228. snappy/raytracing/shaders/fragment.glsl +451 -133
  229. snappy/raytracing/test.py +29 -0
  230. snappy/raytracing/tooltip.py +146 -0
  231. snappy/raytracing/upper_halfspace_utilities.py +42 -9
  232. snappy/sage_helper.py +67 -134
  233. snappy/settings.py +90 -77
  234. snappy/shell.py +2 -0
  235. snappy/snap/character_varieties.py +2 -2
  236. snappy/snap/find_field.py +4 -3
  237. snappy/snap/fundamental_polyhedron.py +2 -2
  238. snappy/snap/kernel_structures.py +5 -1
  239. snappy/snap/nsagetools.py +9 -8
  240. snappy/snap/peripheral/dual_cellulation.py +4 -3
  241. snappy/snap/peripheral/peripheral.py +2 -2
  242. snappy/snap/peripheral/surface.py +5 -5
  243. snappy/snap/peripheral/test.py +1 -1
  244. snappy/snap/polished_reps.py +8 -8
  245. snappy/snap/slice_obs_HKL.py +16 -14
  246. snappy/snap/t3mlite/arrow.py +3 -3
  247. snappy/snap/t3mlite/edge.py +3 -3
  248. snappy/snap/t3mlite/homology.py +2 -2
  249. snappy/snap/t3mlite/mcomplex.py +3 -3
  250. snappy/snap/t3mlite/simplex.py +12 -0
  251. snappy/snap/t3mlite/spun.py +18 -17
  252. snappy/snap/t3mlite/test_vs_regina.py +4 -4
  253. snappy/snap/test.py +37 -53
  254. snappy/snap/utilities.py +4 -5
  255. snappy/test.py +121 -138
  256. snappy/test_cases.py +263 -0
  257. snappy/testing.py +131 -0
  258. snappy/tiling/__init__.py +2 -0
  259. snappy/tiling/canonical_key_dict.py +59 -0
  260. snappy/tiling/dict_based_set.py +79 -0
  261. snappy/tiling/floor.py +49 -0
  262. snappy/tiling/hyperboloid_dict.py +54 -0
  263. snappy/tiling/iter_utils.py +78 -0
  264. snappy/tiling/lifted_tetrahedron.py +22 -0
  265. snappy/tiling/lifted_tetrahedron_set.py +54 -0
  266. snappy/tiling/real_hash_dict.py +164 -0
  267. snappy/tiling/test.py +23 -0
  268. snappy/tiling/tile.py +215 -0
  269. snappy/tiling/triangle.py +33 -0
  270. snappy/tkterminal.py +113 -84
  271. snappy/twister/main.py +1 -7
  272. snappy/twister/twister_core.cp38-win_amd64.pyd +0 -0
  273. snappy/upper_halfspace/__init__.py +78 -17
  274. snappy/verify/__init__.py +3 -7
  275. snappy/verify/{verifyCanonical.py → canonical.py} +78 -70
  276. snappy/verify/complex_volume/adjust_torsion.py +1 -2
  277. snappy/verify/complex_volume/closed.py +13 -13
  278. snappy/verify/complex_volume/cusped.py +6 -6
  279. snappy/verify/complex_volume/extended_bloch.py +5 -8
  280. snappy/verify/{cuspTranslations.py → cusp_translations.py} +1 -1
  281. snappy/verify/edge_equations.py +80 -0
  282. snappy/verify/exceptions.py +0 -55
  283. snappy/verify/{verifyHyperbolicity.py → hyperbolicity.py} +3 -3
  284. snappy/verify/interval_newton_shapes_engine.py +7 -5
  285. snappy/verify/interval_tree.py +5 -5
  286. snappy/verify/krawczyk_shapes_engine.py +17 -18
  287. snappy/verify/maximal_cusp_area_matrix/__init__.py +7 -74
  288. snappy/verify/maximal_cusp_area_matrix/cusp_tiling_engine.py +3 -4
  289. snappy/verify/maximal_cusp_area_matrix/cusp_translate_engine.py +1 -1
  290. snappy/verify/{realAlgebra.py → real_algebra.py} +1 -1
  291. snappy/verify/shapes.py +5 -3
  292. snappy/verify/short_slopes.py +39 -41
  293. snappy/verify/{squareExtensions.py → square_extensions.py} +14 -11
  294. snappy/verify/test.py +57 -60
  295. snappy/verify/upper_halfspace/extended_matrix.py +1 -1
  296. snappy/verify/upper_halfspace/finite_point.py +3 -4
  297. snappy/verify/upper_halfspace/ideal_point.py +9 -9
  298. snappy/verify/volume.py +2 -2
  299. snappy/version.py +2 -2
  300. {snappy-3.1.1.dist-info → snappy-3.2.dist-info}/METADATA +14 -10
  301. snappy-3.2.dist-info/RECORD +503 -0
  302. {snappy-3.1.1.dist-info → snappy-3.2.dist-info}/WHEEL +1 -1
  303. {snappy-3.1.1.dist-info → snappy-3.2.dist-info}/top_level.txt +6 -1
  304. snappy/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  305. snappy/__pycache__/browser.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  306. snappy/__pycache__/cache.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  307. snappy/__pycache__/database.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  308. snappy/__pycache__/db_utilities.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  309. snappy/__pycache__/decorated_isosig.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  310. snappy/__pycache__/exceptions.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  311. snappy/__pycache__/export_stl.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  312. snappy/__pycache__/filedialog.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  313. snappy/__pycache__/gui.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  314. snappy/__pycache__/horoviewer.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  315. snappy/__pycache__/math_basics.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  316. snappy/__pycache__/matrix.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  317. snappy/__pycache__/number.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  318. snappy/__pycache__/numeric_output_checker.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  319. snappy/__pycache__/pari.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  320. snappy/__pycache__/polyviewer.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  321. snappy/__pycache__/sage_helper.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  322. snappy/__pycache__/version.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  323. snappy/doc/_sources/verify_canon.rst.txt +0 -90
  324. snappy/doc/_static/jquery-3.6.0.js +0 -10881
  325. snappy/doc/_static/js/html5shiv-printshiv.min.js +0 -4
  326. snappy/doc/_static/js/html5shiv.min.js +0 -4
  327. snappy/doc/_static/underscore-1.13.1.js +0 -2042
  328. snappy/doc/_static/underscore.js +0 -6
  329. snappy/doc/verify_canon.html +0 -304
  330. snappy/drilling/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  331. snappy/drilling/__pycache__/constants.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  332. snappy/drilling/__pycache__/crush.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  333. snappy/drilling/__pycache__/cusps.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  334. snappy/drilling/__pycache__/debug.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  335. snappy/drilling/__pycache__/epsilons.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  336. snappy/drilling/__pycache__/exceptions.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  337. snappy/drilling/__pycache__/fixed_points.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  338. snappy/drilling/__pycache__/geodesic_info.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  339. snappy/drilling/__pycache__/geodesic_tube.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  340. snappy/drilling/__pycache__/geometric_structure.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  341. snappy/drilling/__pycache__/line.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  342. snappy/drilling/__pycache__/moves.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  343. snappy/drilling/__pycache__/peripheral_curves.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  344. snappy/drilling/__pycache__/perturb.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  345. snappy/drilling/__pycache__/quotient_space.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  346. snappy/drilling/__pycache__/spatial_dict.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  347. snappy/drilling/__pycache__/subdivide.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  348. snappy/drilling/__pycache__/tracing.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  349. snappy/drilling/geodesic_tube.py +0 -441
  350. snappy/drilling/geometric_structure.py +0 -366
  351. snappy/drilling/line.py +0 -122
  352. snappy/drilling/quotient_space.py +0 -94
  353. snappy/drilling/spatial_dict.py +0 -128
  354. snappy/exterior_to_link/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  355. snappy/exterior_to_link/__pycache__/barycentric_geometry.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  356. snappy/exterior_to_link/__pycache__/exceptions.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  357. snappy/exterior_to_link/__pycache__/hyp_utils.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  358. snappy/exterior_to_link/__pycache__/link_projection.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  359. snappy/exterior_to_link/__pycache__/main.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  360. snappy/exterior_to_link/__pycache__/mcomplex_with_expansion.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  361. snappy/exterior_to_link/__pycache__/mcomplex_with_link.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  362. snappy/exterior_to_link/__pycache__/mcomplex_with_memory.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  363. snappy/exterior_to_link/__pycache__/pl_utils.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  364. snappy/exterior_to_link/__pycache__/put_in_S3.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  365. snappy/exterior_to_link/__pycache__/rational_linear_algebra.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  366. snappy/exterior_to_link/__pycache__/simplify_to_base_tri.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  367. snappy/exterior_to_link/__pycache__/stored_moves.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  368. snappy/hyperboloid/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  369. snappy/manifolds/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  370. snappy/ptolemy/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  371. snappy/ptolemy/__pycache__/component.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  372. snappy/ptolemy/__pycache__/coordinates.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  373. snappy/ptolemy/__pycache__/fieldExtensions.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  374. snappy/ptolemy/__pycache__/findLoops.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  375. snappy/ptolemy/__pycache__/homology.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  376. snappy/ptolemy/__pycache__/manifoldMethods.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  377. snappy/ptolemy/__pycache__/matrix.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  378. snappy/ptolemy/__pycache__/numericalSolutionsToGroebnerBasis.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  379. snappy/ptolemy/__pycache__/polynomial.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  380. snappy/ptolemy/__pycache__/processComponents.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  381. snappy/ptolemy/__pycache__/processFileBase.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  382. snappy/ptolemy/__pycache__/processFileDispatch.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  383. snappy/ptolemy/__pycache__/processMagmaFile.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  384. snappy/ptolemy/__pycache__/processRurFile.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  385. snappy/ptolemy/__pycache__/ptolemyGeneralizedObstructionClass.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  386. snappy/ptolemy/__pycache__/ptolemyObstructionClass.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  387. snappy/ptolemy/__pycache__/ptolemyVariety.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  388. snappy/ptolemy/__pycache__/ptolemyVarietyPrimeIdealGroebnerBasis.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  389. snappy/ptolemy/__pycache__/rur.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  390. snappy/ptolemy/__pycache__/solutionsToPrimeIdealGroebnerBasis.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  391. snappy/ptolemy/__pycache__/utilities.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  392. snappy/snap/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  393. snappy/snap/__pycache__/character_varieties.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  394. snappy/snap/__pycache__/fundamental_polyhedron.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  395. snappy/snap/__pycache__/interval_reps.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  396. snappy/snap/__pycache__/kernel_structures.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  397. snappy/snap/__pycache__/mcomplex_base.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  398. snappy/snap/__pycache__/nsagetools.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  399. snappy/snap/__pycache__/polished_reps.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  400. snappy/snap/__pycache__/shapes.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  401. snappy/snap/__pycache__/slice_obs_HKL.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  402. snappy/snap/__pycache__/utilities.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  403. snappy/snap/peripheral/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  404. snappy/snap/peripheral/__pycache__/dual_cellulation.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  405. snappy/snap/peripheral/__pycache__/link.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  406. snappy/snap/peripheral/__pycache__/peripheral.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  407. snappy/snap/peripheral/__pycache__/surface.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  408. snappy/snap/t3mlite/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  409. snappy/snap/t3mlite/__pycache__/arrow.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  410. snappy/snap/t3mlite/__pycache__/corner.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  411. snappy/snap/t3mlite/__pycache__/edge.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  412. snappy/snap/t3mlite/__pycache__/face.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  413. snappy/snap/t3mlite/__pycache__/files.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  414. snappy/snap/t3mlite/__pycache__/homology.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  415. snappy/snap/t3mlite/__pycache__/linalg.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  416. snappy/snap/t3mlite/__pycache__/mcomplex.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  417. snappy/snap/t3mlite/__pycache__/perm4.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  418. snappy/snap/t3mlite/__pycache__/simplex.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  419. snappy/snap/t3mlite/__pycache__/spun.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  420. snappy/snap/t3mlite/__pycache__/surface.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  421. snappy/snap/t3mlite/__pycache__/tetrahedron.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  422. snappy/snap/t3mlite/__pycache__/vertex.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  423. snappy/togl/__init__.py +0 -3
  424. snappy/togl/darwin-tk8.6/Togl2.1/LICENSE +0 -28
  425. snappy/togl/darwin-tk8.6/Togl2.1/libTogl2.1.dylib +0 -0
  426. snappy/togl/darwin-tk8.6/Togl2.1/pkgIndex.tcl +0 -5
  427. snappy/togl/darwin-tk8.7/Togl2.1/LICENSE +0 -28
  428. snappy/togl/darwin-tk8.7/Togl2.1/libTogl2.1.dylib +0 -0
  429. snappy/togl/darwin-tk8.7/Togl2.1/pkgIndex.tcl +0 -5
  430. snappy/togl/linux2-x86_64-tk8.6/Togl2.1/LICENSE +0 -28
  431. snappy/togl/linux2-x86_64-tk8.6/Togl2.1/libTogl2.1.so +0 -0
  432. snappy/togl/linux2-x86_64-tk8.6/Togl2.1/pkgIndex.tcl +0 -5
  433. snappy/togl/win32VC-tk8.6/Togl2.1/LICENSE +0 -28
  434. snappy/togl/win32VC-tk8.6/Togl2.1/Togl21.dll +0 -0
  435. snappy/togl/win32VC-tk8.6/Togl2.1/Togl21.lib +0 -0
  436. snappy/togl/win32VC-tk8.6/Togl2.1/pkgIndex.tcl +0 -6
  437. snappy/togl/win32VC-x86_64-tk8.6/Togl2.1/LICENSE +0 -28
  438. snappy/togl/win32VC-x86_64-tk8.6/Togl2.1/Togl21.dll +0 -0
  439. snappy/togl/win32VC-x86_64-tk8.6/Togl2.1/Togl21.lib +0 -0
  440. snappy/togl/win32VC-x86_64-tk8.6/Togl2.1/pkgIndex.tcl +0 -6
  441. snappy/twister/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  442. snappy/twister/__pycache__/main.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  443. snappy/upper_halfspace/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  444. snappy/upper_halfspace/__pycache__/ideal_point.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  445. snappy/verify/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  446. snappy/verify/__pycache__/cuspCrossSection.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  447. snappy/verify/__pycache__/cuspTranslations.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  448. snappy/verify/__pycache__/cusp_areas.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  449. snappy/verify/__pycache__/cusp_shapes.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  450. snappy/verify/__pycache__/exceptions.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  451. snappy/verify/__pycache__/interval_newton_shapes_engine.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  452. snappy/verify/__pycache__/interval_tree.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  453. snappy/verify/__pycache__/krawczyk_shapes_engine.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  454. snappy/verify/__pycache__/realAlgebra.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  455. snappy/verify/__pycache__/shapes.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  456. snappy/verify/__pycache__/short_slopes.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  457. snappy/verify/__pycache__/squareExtensions.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  458. snappy/verify/__pycache__/verifyCanonical.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  459. snappy/verify/__pycache__/verifyHyperbolicity.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  460. snappy/verify/__pycache__/volume.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  461. snappy/verify/complex_volume/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  462. snappy/verify/complex_volume/__pycache__/adjust_torsion.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  463. snappy/verify/complex_volume/__pycache__/closed.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  464. snappy/verify/complex_volume/__pycache__/compute_ptolemys.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  465. snappy/verify/complex_volume/__pycache__/cusped.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  466. snappy/verify/complex_volume/__pycache__/extended_bloch.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  467. snappy/verify/cuspCrossSection.py +0 -1422
  468. snappy/verify/maximal_cusp_area_matrix/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  469. snappy/verify/maximal_cusp_area_matrix/__pycache__/cusp_tiling_engine.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  470. snappy/verify/maximal_cusp_area_matrix/__pycache__/cusp_translate_engine.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  471. snappy/verify/upper_halfspace/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  472. snappy/verify/upper_halfspace/__pycache__/extended_matrix.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  473. snappy/verify/upper_halfspace/__pycache__/finite_point.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  474. snappy/verify/upper_halfspace/__pycache__/ideal_point.cpython-38.pyc +0 -0
  475. snappy-3.1.1.dist-info/RECORD +0 -575
  476. {snappy-3.1.1.dist-info → snappy-3.2.dist-info}/entry_points.txt +0 -0
snappy/doc/ptolemy_classes.html CHANGED
@@ -1,1147 +1,1144 @@
1
- <!DOCTYPE html>
2
- <html class="writer-html5" lang="en" >
3
- <head>
4
- <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.18.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
5
-
6
- <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
7
- <title>Classes &mdash; SnapPy 3.1.1 documentation</title>
8
- <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
9
- <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" />
10
- <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/snappy_sphinx_rtd_theme.css" type="text/css" />
11
- <link rel="shortcut icon" href="_static/SnapPy.ico"/>
12
- <!--[if lt IE 9]>
13
- <script src="_static/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
14
- <![endif]-->
15
-
16
- <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
17
- <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js"></script>
18
- <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
19
- <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
20
- <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js"></script>
21
- <script async="async" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"></script>
22
- <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
23
- <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
24
- <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
25
- <link rel="next" title="News" href="news.html" />
26
- <link rel="prev" title="Step-by-step examples: Part 4" href="ptolemy_examples4.html" />
27
- </head>
28
-
29
- <body class="wy-body-for-nav">
30
- <div class="wy-grid-for-nav">
31
- <nav data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-side">
32
- <div class="wy-side-scroll">
33
- <div class="wy-side-nav-search" >
34
-
35
-
36
-
37
- <a href="index.html" class="icon icon-home">
38
- SnapPy
39
- <img src="_static/SnapPy-horizontal-128.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
40
- </a>
41
- <div class="version">
42
- 3.1.1
43
- </div>
44
- <div role="search">
45
- <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
46
- <input type="text" name="q" placeholder="Search docs" aria-label="Search docs" />
47
- <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
48
- <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
49
- </form>
50
- </div>
51
- </div><div class="wy-menu wy-menu-vertical" data-spy="affix" role="navigation" aria-label="Navigation menu">
52
- <ul class="current">
53
- <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="installing.html">Installing SnapPy</a></li>
54
- <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="screenshots.html">Screenshots: SnapPy in action</a></li>
55
- <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial.html">Tutorial</a></li>
56
- <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="snappy.html">The snappy module and its classes</a></li>
57
- <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="plink.html">Using SnapPy’s link editor</a></li>
58
- <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="spherogram.html">Links: planar diagrams and invariants</a></li>
59
- <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="snap.html">Number theory of hyperbolic 3-manifolds</a></li>
60
- <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="verify.html">Verified computations</a></li>
61
- <li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="other.html">Other components</a><ul class="current">
62
- <li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="reference internal" href="other.html#ptolemy-module">Ptolemy module</a><ul class="current">
63
- <li class="toctree-l3 current"><a class="reference internal" href="ptolemy.html">The ptolemy module</a><ul class="current">
64
- <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="ptolemy.html#what-is-the-ptolemy-module">What is the ptolemy module?</a></li>
65
- <li class="toctree-l4 current"><a class="reference internal" href="ptolemy.html#documentation">Documentation</a><ul class="current">
66
- <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="ptolemy_prelim.html">Mathematical preliminaries</a></li>
67
- <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="ptolemy_examples1.html">Step-by-step examples: Part 1</a></li>
68
- <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="ptolemy_examples2.html">Step-by-step examples: Part 2</a></li>
69
- <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="ptolemy_examples3.html">Step-by-step examples: Part 3</a></li>
70
- <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="ptolemy_examples4.html">Step-by-step examples: Part 4</a></li>
71
- <li class="toctree-l5 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Classes</a></li>
72
- </ul>
73
- </li>
74
- </ul>
75
- </li>
76
- </ul>
77
- </li>
78
- <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="other.html#twister">Twister</a></li>
79
- </ul>
80
- </li>
81
- <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="news.html">News</a></li>
82
- <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="credits.html">Credits</a></li>
83
- <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="bugs.html">Reporting bugs and other problems</a></li>
84
- <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="todo.html">To Do List</a></li>
85
- <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="development.html">Development Basics</a></li>
86
- </ul>
87
-
88
- </div>
89
- </div>
90
- </nav>
91
-
92
- <section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap"><nav class="wy-nav-top" aria-label="Mobile navigation menu" >
93
- <i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i>
94
- <a href="index.html">SnapPy</a>
95
- </nav>
96
-
97
- <div class="wy-nav-content">
98
- <div class="rst-content">
99
- <div role="navigation" aria-label="Page navigation">
100
- <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs">
101
- <li><a href="index.html" class="icon icon-home" aria-label="Home"></a></li>
102
- <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="other.html">Other components</a></li>
103
- <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="ptolemy.html">The ptolemy module</a></li>
104
- <li class="breadcrumb-item active">Classes</li>
105
- <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside">
106
- </li>
107
- </ul>
108
- <hr/>
109
- </div>
110
- <div role="main" class="document" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
111
- <div itemprop="articleBody">
112
-
113
- <section id="classes">
114
- <h1>Classes<a class="headerlink" href="#classes" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
115
- <section id="ptolemyvariety">
116
- <h2>PtolemyVariety<a class="headerlink" href="#ptolemyvariety" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
117
- <dl class="py class">
118
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety">
119
- <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">PtolemyVariety</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">manifold</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">N</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">obstruction_class</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">simplify</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">eliminate_fixed_ptolemys</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
120
- <dd><p>Holds a reduced Ptolemy variety.</p>
121
- <p>=== Examples ===</p>
122
- <p>To generate such a variety, call:</p>
123
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span>
124
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;4_1&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">obstruction_class</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
125
- </pre></div>
126
- </div>
127
- <p>Show the equations and variables:</p>
128
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">e</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">equations</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
129
- <span class="go">- c_0011_0 * c_0101_0 + c_0011_0^2 + c_0101_0^2</span>
130
- <span class="go">c_0011_0 * c_0101_0 - c_0011_0^2 - c_0101_0^2</span>
131
- <span class="go">- 1 + c_0011_0</span>
132
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">variables</span>
133
- <span class="go">[&#39;c_0011_0&#39;, &#39;c_0101_0&#39;]</span>
134
- </pre></div>
135
- </div>
136
- <p>Show as an ideal (sage object):</p>
137
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ideal</span>
138
- <span class="go">Ideal (-c_0011_0^2 + c_0011_0*c_0101_0 + c_0101_0^2, -c_0011_0^2 - c_0011_0*c_0101_0 + c_0101_0^2, c_0011_0 - 1) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in c_0011_0, c_0101_0 over Rational Field</span>
139
- <span class="go">(skip doctest because example only works in sage and not plain python)</span>
140
- </pre></div>
141
- </div>
142
- <p>Produce magma input:</p>
143
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">to_magma</span><span class="p">()</span>
144
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;ring and ideal&#39;</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="p">())</span>
145
- <span class="go">R&lt;c_0011_0, c_0101_0&gt; := PolynomialRing(RationalField(), 2, &quot;grevlex&quot;);</span>
146
- <span class="go">MyIdeal := ideal&lt;R |</span>
147
- <span class="go"> - c_0011_0 * c_0101_0 + c_0011_0^2 + c_0101_0^2,</span>
148
- <span class="go"> ...</span>
149
- </pre></div>
150
- </div>
151
- <p>Call <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">p.compute_solutions()</span></code> to automatically compute solutions!</p>
152
- <p>Show canonical representatives:</p>
153
- <p>(The Ptolemy coordinates c_0110_0 and c_0101_0 are identified, this
154
- information is needed to recover all Ptolemy coordinates from the solutions
155
- of a simplified Ptolemy variety. The information is also packaged into a
156
- python section by py_eval_variable_dict().)</p>
157
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">canonical_representative</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;c_0110_0&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span>
158
- <span class="go">(1, 0, &#39;c_0101_0&#39;)</span>
159
- </pre></div>
160
- </div>
161
- <dl class="py method">
162
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.compute_decomposition">
163
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">compute_decomposition</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">engine</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">memory_limit</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">750000000</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">directory</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">verbose</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">template_path</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'magma/default.magma_template'</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.compute_decomposition" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
164
- <dd><p>Starts an engine such as magma to compute the
165
- radical decomposition of the Ptolemy variety.</p>
166
- <p>If started in sage, uses sage, otherwise, uses magma.</p>
167
- <p>=== Arguments ===</p>
168
- <p>engine — engine to use, currently, only support magma and sage
169
- memory_limit — maximal allowed memory in bytes
170
- directory — location for input and output files, temporary directory used if not specified
171
- verbose — print extra information</p>
172
- </dd></dl>
173
-
174
- <dl class="py method">
175
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.compute_solutions">
176
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">compute_solutions</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">engine</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">numerical</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">template_path</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'magma/default.magma_template'</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">memory_limit</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">750000000</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">directory</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">verbose</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.compute_solutions" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
177
- <dd><p>Starts an engine such as magma to compute the
178
- radical decomposition of the ideal and computes exact solutions.</p>
179
- <p>If started in sage, uses sage, otherwise, uses magma.</p>
180
- <p>=== Arguments ===</p>
181
- <p>engine — engine to use, currently, only support magma and sage
182
- numerical — get numerical solutions from magma instead of exact ones
183
- memory_limit — maximal allowed memory in bytes
184
- directory — location for input and output files, temporary directory used if not specified
185
- verbose — print extra information</p>
186
- </dd></dl>
187
-
188
- <dl class="py method">
189
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.degree_to_shapes">
190
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">degree_to_shapes</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.degree_to_shapes" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
191
- <dd><p>In general, there can be d different solutions to the (reduced) Ptolemy
192
- variety for each solution to the gluing equations (with peripheral
193
- equations). This method computes d which is also the number of elements
194
- in H^1(Mhat; Z/N) where Mhat is the non-manifold cell comples obtained
195
- by gluing together the tetrahedra as non-ideal tetrahedra.</p>
196
- <p>For example, the Ptolemy variety for m009 has 4 points but there are
197
- only 2 distinct boundary-unipotent PSL(2,C) representations.
198
- Thus the following call returns 2 = 4 / 2</p>
199
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span>
200
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;m009&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">degree_to_shapes</span><span class="p">()</span>
201
- <span class="go">2</span>
202
- </pre></div>
203
- </div>
204
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;m010&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">degree_to_shapes</span><span class="p">()</span>
205
- <span class="go">2</span>
206
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;m011&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">degree_to_shapes</span><span class="p">()</span>
207
- <span class="go">1</span>
208
- </pre></div>
209
- </div>
210
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;m009&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">degree_to_shapes</span><span class="p">()</span>
211
- <span class="go">1</span>
212
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;m010&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">degree_to_shapes</span><span class="p">()</span>
213
- <span class="go">3</span>
214
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;m011&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">degree_to_shapes</span><span class="p">()</span>
215
- <span class="go">1</span>
216
- </pre></div>
217
- </div>
218
- </dd></dl>
219
-
220
- <dl class="py method">
221
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.filename_base">
222
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">filename_base</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.filename_base" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
223
- <dd><p>Preferred filename base for writing out this Ptolemy variety</p>
224
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="o">*</span>
225
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">M</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;4_1&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
226
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">obstruction_class</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
227
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">filename_base</span><span class="p">()</span>
228
- <span class="go">&#39;4_1__sl2_c1&#39;</span>
229
- </pre></div>
230
- </div>
231
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
232
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">filename_base</span><span class="p">()</span>
233
- <span class="go">&#39;4_1__sl2_c0&#39;</span>
234
- </pre></div>
235
- </div>
236
- </dd></dl>
237
-
238
- <dl class="py method">
239
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.py_eval_section">
240
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">py_eval_section</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.py_eval_section" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
241
- <dd><p>Returns a string that can be evaluated in python and contains extra
242
- information needed to recover solutions from a simplified Ptolemy
243
- variety.</p>
244
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pari</span>
245
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">M</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;4_1&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
246
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">obstruction_class</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
247
- </pre></div>
248
- </div>
249
- <p>Get extra information</p>
250
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">eval_section</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py_eval_section</span><span class="p">()</span>
251
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">eval_section</span><span class="p">)</span>
252
- <span class="go">{&#39;variable_dict&#39; :</span>
253
- <span class="go"> (lambda d: {</span>
254
- <span class="go"> ...</span>
255
- </pre></div>
256
- </div>
257
- <p>Turn it into a python object by evaluation.</p>
258
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">obj</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">eval</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">eval_section</span><span class="p">)</span>
259
- </pre></div>
260
- </div>
261
- <p>Access the function that expands a solution to the simplified
262
- Ptolemy variety to a full solution.</p>
263
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">variable_dict</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">obj</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;variable_dict&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
264
- </pre></div>
265
- </div>
266
- <p>Setup a solution and expand it to a full solution, ‘1’ must map to 1</p>
267
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">simplified_solution</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">&#39;c_0101_0&#39;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">pari</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;0.5 - 0.866025403784439*I&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">pari</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="s1">&#39;c_0011_0&#39;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">pari</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)}</span>
268
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">full_solution</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">variable_dict</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">simplified_solution</span><span class="p">)</span>
269
- </pre></div>
270
- </div>
271
- <p>Full solution is a dictionary with a key for every Ptolemy coordinate</p>
272
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">full_solution</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;c_1010_1&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
273
- <span class="go">1</span>
274
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">tet</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">):</span>
275
- <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">utilities</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">quadruples_with_fixed_sum_iterator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">skipVertices</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">):</span>
276
- <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;c_</span><span class="si">%d%d%d%d</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;_</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">tet</span>
277
- <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">full_solution</span>
278
- </pre></div>
279
- </div>
280
- </dd></dl>
281
-
282
- <dl class="py method">
283
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.to_magma">
284
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">to_magma</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">template_path</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'magma/default.magma_template'</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.to_magma" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
285
- <dd><p>Returns a string with the ideal that can be used as input for magma.</p>
286
- <p>The advanced user can provide a template string to write own magma
287
- code to process the equations.</p>
288
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="o">*</span>
289
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;4_1&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">obstruction_class</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
290
- </pre></div>
291
- </div>
292
- <p>Magma input to compute radical Decomposition
293
- &gt;&gt;&gt; s = p.to_magma()
294
- &gt;&gt;&gt; print(s.split(‘ring and ideal’)[1].strip()) #doctest: +ELLIPSIS +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
295
- R&lt;c_0011_0, c_0101_0&gt; := PolynomialRing(RationalField(), 2, “grevlex”);
296
- MyIdeal := ideal&lt;R | - c_0011_0 * c_0101_0 + c_0011_0^2 + c_0101_0^2,
297
- …
298
- &gt;&gt;&gt; “RadicalDecomposition” in p.to_magma()
299
- True</p>
300
- </dd></dl>
301
-
302
- <dl class="py method">
303
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.to_magma_file">
304
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">to_magma_file</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">filename</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">template_path</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'magma/default.magma_template'</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.to_magma_file" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
305
- <dd><div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">os</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">tempfile</span>
306
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span>
307
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">handle</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">tempfile</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mkstemp</span><span class="p">()</span>
308
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;4_1&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">obstruction_class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
309
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">to_magma_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span>
310
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">handle</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span>
311
- </pre></div>
312
- </div>
313
- </dd></dl>
314
-
315
- </dd></dl>
316
-
317
- </section>
318
- <section id="ptolemycoordinates">
319
- <h2>PtolemyCoordinates<a class="headerlink" href="#ptolemycoordinates" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
320
- <dl class="py class">
321
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates">
322
- <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">PtolemyCoordinates</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">d</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">is_numerical=True</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">py_eval_section=None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">manifold_thunk=&lt;function</span> <span class="pre">PtolemyCoordinates.&lt;lambda&gt;&gt;</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">non_trivial_generalized_obstruction_class=False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
323
- <dd><p>Represents a solution of a Ptolemy variety as python dictionary.</p>
324
- <p>=== Examples ===</p>
325
- <p>Construct solution from magma output:</p>
326
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy.ptolemy.processMagmaFile</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">_magma_output_for_4_1__sl3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">solutions_from_magma</span>
327
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span>
328
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">solutions</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solutions_from_magma</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_magma_output_for_4_1__sl3</span><span class="p">)</span>
329
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">solution</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solutions</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span>
330
- </pre></div>
331
- </div>
332
- <p>Access a Ptolemy coordinate:</p>
333
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">solution</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;c_2100_0&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
334
- <span class="go">1</span>
335
- </pre></div>
336
- </div>
337
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">solution</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">number_field</span><span class="p">()</span>
338
- <span class="go">x^2 + x + 1</span>
339
- </pre></div>
340
- </div>
341
- <p>Solution is always 0 dimensional:</p>
342
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">solution</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dimension</span>
343
- <span class="go">0</span>
344
- </pre></div>
345
- </div>
346
- <p>Check that it is really a solution, exactly:</p>
347
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">solution</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">check_against_manifold</span><span class="p">()</span>
348
- </pre></div>
349
- </div>
350
- <p>If the solution was not created through the ptolemy module
351
- and thus not associated to a manifold, we need to explicitly
352
- specify one:</p>
353
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">myDict</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{}</span>
354
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">key</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">solution</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">():</span>
355
- <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">myDict</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">value</span>
356
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">mysolution</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">PtolemyCoordinates</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">myDict</span><span class="p">)</span>
357
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">M</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;4_1&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
358
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">solution</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">check_against_manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="p">)</span>
359
- </pre></div>
360
- </div>
361
- <p>Turn into (Galois conjugate) numerical solutions:</p>
362
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">old_precision</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pari</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_real_precision</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># with high precision</span>
363
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">numerical_solutions</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solution</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">numerical</span><span class="p">()</span>
364
- </pre></div>
365
- </div>
366
- <p>Check that it is a solution, numerically:</p>
367
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">numerical_solutions</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">check_against_manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1e-80</span><span class="p">)</span>
368
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">pari</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_real_precision</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">old_precision</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># reset pari engine</span>
369
- <span class="go">100</span>
370
- </pre></div>
371
- </div>
372
- <p>Compute cross ratios from the Ptolemy coordinates (cross ratios
373
- according to SnapPy convention, see help(solution.cross_ratios):</p>
374
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">cross</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solution</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cross_ratios</span><span class="p">()</span>
375
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">cross</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;z_0001_0&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
376
- <span class="go">Mod(-x, x^2 + x + 1)</span>
377
- </pre></div>
378
- </div>
379
- <p>Compute volumes:</p>
380
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">volumes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cross</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">volume_numerical</span><span class="p">()</span>
381
- </pre></div>
382
- </div>
383
- <p>Check that volume is 4 times the geometric one:</p>
384
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">volume</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">volumes</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">abs</span><span class="p">()</span>
385
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">diff</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">abs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">volume</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">volume</span><span class="p">)</span>
386
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">diff</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mf">1e-9</span>
387
- <span class="go">True</span>
388
- </pre></div>
389
- </div>
390
- <p>Compute flattenings:</p>
391
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">flattenings</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solution</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flattenings_numerical</span><span class="p">()</span>
392
- </pre></div>
393
- </div>
394
- <p>Compute complex volumes:</p>
395
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">cvols</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">flattening</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">complex_volume</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">flattening</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">flattenings</span><span class="p">]</span>
396
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">volume</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cvols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">real</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">abs</span><span class="p">()</span>
397
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">chernSimons</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cvols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">imag</span><span class="p">()</span>
398
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">diff</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">abs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">volume</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">volume</span><span class="p">)</span>
399
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">diff</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mf">1e-9</span>
400
- <span class="go">True</span>
401
- </pre></div>
402
- </div>
403
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">pari</span>
404
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">normalized</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">chernSimons</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pari</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Pi&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
405
- </pre></div>
406
- </div>
407
- <p>Check that Chern Simons is zero up to 6 torsion:</p>
408
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">normalized</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">normalized</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">round</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mf">1e-9</span>
409
- <span class="go">True</span>
410
- </pre></div>
411
- </div>
412
- <dl class="py method">
413
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.N">
414
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">N</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.N" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
415
- <dd><p>Get the <em>N</em> where these coordinates are for SL/PSL(<em>N</em>, <strong>C</strong>)-representations.</p>
416
- </dd></dl>
417
-
418
- <dl class="py method">
419
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.check_against_manifold">
420
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">check_against_manifold</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">M</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">epsilon</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.check_against_manifold" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
421
- <dd><p>Checks that the given solution really is a solution to the Ptolemy
422
- variety of a manifold. See help(ptolemy.PtolemyCoordinates) for
423
- more example.</p>
424
- <p>=== Arguments ===</p>
425
- <ul class="simple">
426
- <li><p>M — manifold to check this for</p></li>
427
- <li><p>epsilon — maximal allowed error when checking the relations, use
428
- None for exact comparison.</p></li>
429
- </ul>
430
- </dd></dl>
431
-
432
- <dl class="py method">
433
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.complex_volume_numerical">
434
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">complex_volume_numerical</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">drop_negative_vols</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">with_modulo</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.complex_volume_numerical" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
435
- <dd><p>Turn into (Galois conjugate) numerical solutions and compute complex
436
- volumes. If already numerical, return the volume.</p>
437
- <p>Complex volume is defined up to i*pi**2/6.</p>
438
- <p>See numerical(). If drop_negative_vols = True is given as optional
439
- argument, only return complex volumes with non-negative real part.</p>
440
- </dd></dl>
441
-
442
- <dl class="py method">
443
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.cross_ratios">
444
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">cross_ratios</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.cross_ratios" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
445
- <dd><p>Compute cross ratios from Ptolemy coordinates. The cross ratios are
446
- according to the SnapPy convention, so we have:</p>
447
- <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">z</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">zp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">zp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">zpp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">zpp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">z</span>
448
- </pre></div>
449
- </div>
450
- <p>where:</p>
451
- <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">z</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">at</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">edge</span> <span class="mi">01</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">equal</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">s0</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">s1</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_1010</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_0101</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_1001</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_0110</span><span class="p">)</span>
452
- <span class="n">zp</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">at</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">edge</span> <span class="mi">02</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">equal</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">s0</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">s2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_1001</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_0110</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_1100</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_0011</span><span class="p">)</span>
453
- <span class="n">zpp</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">at</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">edge</span> <span class="mi">03</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">equal</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">s0</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">s3</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_1100</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_0011</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_0101</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_1010</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span>
454
- </pre></div>
455
- </div>
456
- <p>Note that this is different from the convention used in
457
- Garoufalidis, Goerner, Zickert:
458
- Gluing Equations for PGL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
459
- <a class="reference external" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711">http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711</a></p>
460
- <p>Take an exact solution:</p>
461
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy.ptolemy.processMagmaFile</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">_magma_output_for_4_1__sl3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">solutions_from_magma</span>
462
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">solutions</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solutions_from_magma</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_magma_output_for_4_1__sl3</span><span class="p">)</span>
463
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">solution</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solutions</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span>
464
- </pre></div>
465
- </div>
466
- <p>Turn into cross Ratios:</p>
467
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">crossRatios</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solution</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cross_ratios</span><span class="p">()</span>
468
- </pre></div>
469
- </div>
470
- <p>Get a cross ratio:</p>
471
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">crossRatios</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;zp_0010_0&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
472
- <span class="go">Mod(-x, x^2 + x + 1)</span>
473
- </pre></div>
474
- </div>
475
- <p>Check the relationship between cross ratios:</p>
476
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">crossRatios</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;z_0010_0&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">crossRatios</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;zp_0010_0&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
477
- <span class="go">True</span>
478
- </pre></div>
479
- </div>
480
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">crossRatios</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;zp_0010_0&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">crossRatios</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;zpp_0010_0&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
481
- <span class="go">True</span>
482
- </pre></div>
483
- </div>
484
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">crossRatios</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;zpp_0010_0&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">crossRatios</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;z_0010_0&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
485
- <span class="go">True</span>
486
- </pre></div>
487
- </div>
488
- <p>Get information about what one can do with cross ratios</p>
489
- </dd></dl>
490
-
491
- <dl class="py method">
492
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.cross_ratios_numerical">
493
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">cross_ratios_numerical</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.cross_ratios_numerical" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
494
- <dd><p>Turn exact solutions into numerical and then compute cross ratios.
495
- See numerical() and cross_ratios().</p>
496
- </dd></dl>
497
-
498
- <dl class="py method">
499
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.diamond_coordinate">
500
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">diamond_coordinate</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tet</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v2</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">pt</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.diamond_coordinate" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
501
- <dd><p>Returns the diamond coordinate for tetrahedron with index tet
502
- for the face with vertices v0, v1, v2 (integers between 0 and 3) and
503
- integral point pt (quadruple adding up to N-2).</p>
504
- <p>See Definition 10.1:
505
- Garoufalidis, Goerner, Zickert:
506
- Gluing Equations for PGL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
507
- <a class="reference external" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711">http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711</a></p>
508
- </dd></dl>
509
-
510
- <dl class="py method">
511
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.evaluate_word">
512
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">evaluate_word</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">word</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">G</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.evaluate_word" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
513
- <dd><p>Given a word in the generators of the fundamental group,
514
- compute the corresponding matrix. By default, these are the
515
- generators of the unsimplified presentation of the fundamental
516
- group. An optional SnapPy fundamental group can be given if the
517
- words are in generators of a different presentation, e.g.,
518
- c.evaluate_word(word, M.fundamental_group(True)) to
519
- evaluate a word in the simplified presentation returned by
520
- M.fundamental_group(True).</p>
521
- <p>For now, the matrix is returned as list of lists.</p>
522
- </dd></dl>
523
-
524
- <dl class="py method">
525
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.flattenings_numerical">
526
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">flattenings_numerical</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.flattenings_numerical" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
527
- <dd><p>Turn into numerical solutions and compute flattenings, see
528
- help(snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings)
529
- Also see numerical()</p>
530
- <p>Get Ptolemy coordinates.</p>
531
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy.ptolemy.processMagmaFile</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">_magma_output_for_4_1__sl3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">solutions_from_magma</span>
532
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">solutions</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solutions_from_magma</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_magma_output_for_4_1__sl3</span><span class="p">)</span>
533
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">solution</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solutions</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span>
534
- </pre></div>
535
- </div>
536
- <p>Compute a numerical solution</p>
537
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">flattenings</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solution</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flattenings_numerical</span><span class="p">()</span>
538
- </pre></div>
539
- </div>
540
- <p>Get more information with help(flattenings[0])</p>
541
- </dd></dl>
542
-
543
- <dl class="py method">
544
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.get_manifold">
545
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_manifold</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.get_manifold" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
546
- <dd><p>Get the manifold for which this structure represents a solution
547
- to the Ptolemy variety.</p>
548
- </dd></dl>
549
-
550
- <dl class="py method">
551
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.has_obstruction">
552
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">has_obstruction</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.has_obstruction" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
553
- <dd><p>Whether the Ptolemy variety has legacy obstruction class that
554
- modifies the Ptolemy relation to</p>
555
- </dd></dl>
556
-
557
- <dl class="py method">
558
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.is_geometric">
559
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">is_geometric</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">epsilon</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1e-06</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.is_geometric" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
560
- <dd><p>Returns true if all shapes corresponding to this solution have positive
561
- imaginary part.</p>
562
- <p>If the solutions are exact, it returns true if one of the corresponding
563
- numerical solutions is geometric.</p>
564
- <p>An optional epsilon can be given. An imaginary part of a shape is
565
- considered positive if it is larger than this epsilon.</p>
566
- </dd></dl>
567
-
568
- <dl class="py method">
569
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.long_edge">
570
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">long_edge</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tet</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v2</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.long_edge" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
571
- <dd><p>The matrix that labels a long edge from v0 to v1 (integers between 0
572
- and 3) of a (doubly) truncated simplex corresponding to an ideal
573
- tetrahedron with index tet.</p>
574
- <p>This matrix was labeled alpha^{v0v1v2} (v2 does not matter for non
575
- double-truncated simplex) in Figure 18 of
576
- Garoufalidis, Goerner, Zickert:
577
- Gluing Equations for PGL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
578
- <a class="reference external" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711">http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711</a></p>
579
- <p>It is computed using equation 10.4. Note that the ratio coordinate
580
- is different from the definition in the paper (see ratio_coordinate).</p>
581
- <p>The resulting matrix is given as a python list of lists.</p>
582
- </dd></dl>
583
-
584
- <dl class="py method">
585
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.middle_edge">
586
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">middle_edge</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tet</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v2</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.middle_edge" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
587
- <dd><p>The matrix that labels a middle edge on the face v0, v1, v2 (integers
588
- between 0 and 3) of a doubly truncated simplex (or a short edge of the
589
- truncated simplex) corresponding to an ideal tetrahedron with index
590
- tet.</p>
591
- <p>This matrix was labeled beta^{v0v1v2} in Figure 18 of
592
- Garoufalidis, Goerner, Zickert:
593
- Gluing Equations for PGL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
594
- <a class="reference external" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711">http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711</a></p>
595
- <p>It is computed using equation 10.4.</p>
596
- <p>The resulting matrix is given as a python list of lists.</p>
597
- </dd></dl>
598
-
599
- <dl class="py method">
600
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.multiply_and_simplify_terms_in_RUR">
601
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">multiply_and_simplify_terms_in_RUR</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.multiply_and_simplify_terms_in_RUR" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
602
- <dd><p>If a Ptolemy coordinate is given as Rational Univariate Representation
603
- with numerator and denominator being a product, multiply the terms,
604
- reduce the fraction and return the result.</p>
605
- <p>See multiply_and_simplify_terms of RUR.</p>
606
- <p>This loses information about how the numerator and denominator are
607
- factorised.</p>
608
- </dd></dl>
609
-
610
- <dl class="py method">
611
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.multiply_terms_in_RUR">
612
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">multiply_terms_in_RUR</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.multiply_terms_in_RUR" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
613
- <dd><p>If a Ptolemy coordinate is given as Rational Univariate Representation
614
- with numerator and denominator being a product, multiply the terms and
615
- return the result.</p>
616
- <p>See multiply_terms of RUR.</p>
617
- <p>This loses information about how the numerator and denominator are
618
- factorised.</p>
619
- </dd></dl>
620
-
621
- <dl class="py method">
622
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.num_tetrahedra">
623
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">num_tetrahedra</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.num_tetrahedra" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
624
- <dd><p>The number of tetrahedra for which we have Ptolemy coordinates.</p>
625
- </dd></dl>
626
-
627
- <dl class="py method">
628
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.number_field">
629
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">number_field</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.number_field" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
630
- <dd><p>For an exact solution, return the number_field spanned by the
631
- Ptolemy coordinates. If number_field is Q, return None.</p>
632
- </dd></dl>
633
-
634
- <dl class="py method">
635
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.numerical">
636
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">numerical</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.numerical" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
637
- <dd><p>Turn exact solutions into numerical solutions using pari.</p>
638
- <p>Take an exact solution:</p>
639
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy.ptolemy.processMagmaFile</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">_magma_output_for_4_1__sl3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">solutions_from_magma</span>
640
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">solutions</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solutions_from_magma</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_magma_output_for_4_1__sl3</span><span class="p">)</span>
641
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">solution</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solutions</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span>
642
- </pre></div>
643
- </div>
644
- <p>Turn into a numerical solution:</p>
645
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">old_precision</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pari</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_real_precision</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># with high precision</span>
646
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">numerical_solutions</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solution</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">numerical</span><span class="p">()</span>
647
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">pari</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_real_precision</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">old_precision</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># reset pari engine</span>
648
- <span class="go">100</span>
649
- </pre></div>
650
- </div>
651
- <p>Pick one of the Galois conjugates:</p>
652
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">numerical_solution</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">numerical_solutions</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
653
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">value</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">numerical_solution</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;c_1110_0&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
654
- </pre></div>
655
- </div>
656
- </dd></dl>
657
-
658
- <dl class="py method">
659
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.ratio_coordinate">
660
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ratio_coordinate</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tet</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">pt</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.ratio_coordinate" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
661
- <dd><p>Returns the ratio coordinate for tetrahedron with index tet
662
- for the edge from v0 to v1 (integers between 0 and 3) and integral
663
- point pt (quadruple adding up N-1) on the edge.</p>
664
- <p>See Definition 10.2:
665
- Garoufalidis, Goerner, Zickert:
666
- Gluing Equations for PGL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
667
- <a class="reference external" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711">http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711</a></p>
668
- <p>Note that this definition turned out to have the wrong sign. Multiply
669
- the result by -1 if v1 &lt; v0 and N is even.</p>
670
- </dd></dl>
671
-
672
- <dl class="py method">
673
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.short_edge">
674
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">short_edge</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tet</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v2</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.short_edge" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
675
- <dd><p>Returns the identity. This is because we can think of the matrices
676
- given by Ptolemy coordinates of living on truncated simplices which
677
- can be though of as doubly truncated simplices where all short edges
678
- are collapsed, hence labeled by the identity.</p>
679
- <p>See equation 10.4 in
680
- Garoufalidis, Goerner, Zickert:
681
- Gluing Equations for PGL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
682
- <a class="reference external" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711">http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711</a></p>
683
- </dd></dl>
684
-
685
- <dl class="py method">
686
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.to_PUR">
687
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">to_PUR</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.to_PUR" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
688
- <dd><p>If any Ptolemy coordinates are given as Rational Univariate
689
- Representation, convert them to Polynomial Univariate Representation and
690
- return the result.</p>
691
- <p>See to_PUR of RUR.</p>
692
- <p>This conversion might lead to very large coefficients.</p>
693
- </dd></dl>
694
-
695
- <dl class="py method">
696
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.volume_numerical">
697
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">volume_numerical</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">drop_negative_vols</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.volume_numerical" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
698
- <dd><p>Turn into (Galois conjugate) numerical solutions and compute volumes.
699
- If already numerical, only return the one volume.
700
- See numerical().</p>
701
- <p>If drop_negative_vols = True is given as optional argument,
702
- only return non-negative volumes.</p>
703
- </dd></dl>
704
-
705
- </dd></dl>
706
-
707
- </section>
708
- <section id="crossratios">
709
- <h2>CrossRatios<a class="headerlink" href="#crossratios" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
710
- <dl class="py class">
711
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios">
712
- <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CrossRatios</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">d</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">is_numerical</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">True</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">manifold_thunk</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
713
- <dd><p>Represents assigned shape parameters/cross ratios as
714
- dictionary. The cross ratios are according to SnapPy convention, so we
715
- have:</p>
716
- <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">z</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">zp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">zp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">zpp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">zpp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">z</span>
717
- </pre></div>
718
- </div>
719
- <p>where:</p>
720
- <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">z</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">at</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">edge</span> <span class="mi">01</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">equal</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">s0</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">s1</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_1010</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_0101</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_1001</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_0110</span><span class="p">)</span>
721
- <span class="n">zp</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">at</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">edge</span> <span class="mi">02</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">equal</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">s0</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">s2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_1001</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_0110</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_1100</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_0011</span><span class="p">)</span>
722
- <span class="n">zpp</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">at</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">edge</span> <span class="mi">03</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">equal</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">s0</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">s3</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_1100</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_0011</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_0101</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_1010</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span>
723
- </pre></div>
724
- </div>
725
- <p>Note that this is different from the convention used in
726
- Garoufalidis, Goerner, Zickert:
727
- Gluing Equations for PGL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
728
- <a class="reference external" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711">http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711</a></p>
729
- <dl class="py method">
730
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.N">
731
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">N</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.N" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
732
- <dd><p>Get the N such that these cross ratios are for
733
- SL/PSL(N,C)-representations.</p>
734
- </dd></dl>
735
-
736
- <dl class="py method">
737
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.check_against_manifold">
738
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">check_against_manifold</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">M</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">epsilon</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.check_against_manifold" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
739
- <dd><p>Checks that the given solution really is a solution to the PGL(N,C) gluing
740
- equations of a manifold. Usage similar to check_against_manifold of
741
- PtolemyCoordinates. See help(ptolemy.PtolemtyCoordinates) for example.</p>
742
- <p>=== Arguments ===</p>
743
- <p>M — manifold to check this for
744
- epsilon — maximal allowed error when checking the relations, use
745
- None for exact comparison.</p>
746
- </dd></dl>
747
-
748
- <dl class="py method">
749
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.evaluate_word">
750
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">evaluate_word</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">word</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">G</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.evaluate_word" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
751
- <dd><p>Given a word in the generators of the fundamental group,
752
- compute the corresponding matrix. By default, these are the
753
- generators of the unsimplified presentation of the fundamental
754
- group. An optional SnapPy fundamental group can be given if the
755
- words are in generators of a different presentation, e.g.,
756
- c.evaluate_word(word, M.fundamental_group(True)) to
757
- evaluate a word in the simplified presentation returned by
758
- M.fundamental_group(True).</p>
759
- <p>For now, the matrix is returned as list of lists.</p>
760
- </dd></dl>
761
-
762
- <dl class="py method">
763
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.from_snappy_manifold">
764
- <em class="property"><span class="pre">static</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">from_snappy_manifold</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">M</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">dec_prec</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">bits_prec</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">intervals</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.from_snappy_manifold" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
765
- <dd><p>Constructs an assignment of shape parameters/cross ratios using
766
- the tetrahehdra_shapes method of a given SnapPy manifold. The optional
767
- parameters are the same as that of tetrahedra_shapes.</p>
768
- </dd></dl>
769
-
770
- <dl class="py method">
771
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.get_manifold">
772
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_manifold</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.get_manifold" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
773
- <dd><p>Get the manifold for which this structure represents a solution
774
- to the gluing equations.</p>
775
- </dd></dl>
776
-
777
- <dl class="py method">
778
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.induced_representation">
779
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">induced_representation</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">N</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.induced_representation" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
780
- <dd><p>Given a PSL(2,C) representation constructs the induced representation
781
- for the given N.
782
- The induced representation is in SL(N,C) if N is odd and
783
- SL(N,C) / {+1,-1} if N is even and is described in the Introduction of
784
- Garoufalidis, Thurston, Zickert
785
- The Complex Volume of SL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
786
- <a class="reference external" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1111.2828">http://arxiv.org/abs/1111.2828</a></p>
787
- <p>There is a canonical group homomorphism SL(2,C)-&gt;SL(N,C) coming from
788
- the the natural SL(2,C)-action on the vector space Sym^{N-1}(C^2).
789
- This homomorphisms decends to a homomorphism from PSL(2,C) if one
790
- divides the right side by {+1,-1} when N is even.
791
- Composing a representation with this homomorphism gives the induced
792
- representation.</p>
793
- </dd></dl>
794
-
795
- <dl class="py method">
796
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.is_geometric">
797
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">is_geometric</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">epsilon</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1e-06</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.is_geometric" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
798
- <dd><p>Returns true if all shapes corresponding to this solution have positive
799
- imaginary part.</p>
800
- <p>If the solutions are exact, it returns true if one of the corresponding
801
- numerical solutions is geometric.</p>
802
- <p>An optional epsilon can be given. An imaginary part of a shape is
803
- considered positive if it is larger than this epsilon.</p>
804
- </dd></dl>
805
-
806
- <dl class="py method">
807
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.is_induced_from_psl2">
808
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">is_induced_from_psl2</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">epsilon</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.is_induced_from_psl2" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
809
- <dd><p>For each simplex and each edges, checks that all cross ratios of that
810
- simplex that are parallel to that each are the same (maximal absolute
811
- difference is the epsilon given as argument).
812
- This means that the corresponding representation is induced by a
813
- PSL(2,C) representation.</p>
814
- </dd></dl>
815
-
816
- <dl class="py method">
817
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.is_pu_2_1_representation">
818
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">is_pu_2_1_representation</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">epsilon</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">epsilon2</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.is_pu_2_1_representation" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
819
- <dd><p>Returns True if the representation is also a
820
- PU(2,1)-representation. This uses Proposition 3.5 and the
821
- remark following that proposition in <a class="reference internal" href="#fkr2013" id="id1"><span>[FKR2013]</span></a>.</p>
822
- <p>If a condition given in that Proposition is violated, the method returns
823
- an object whose Boolean value is still False and that indicates which condition
824
- was violated. Thus, this method can still be used in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">if</span></code> statements.</p>
825
- <p>The method tests the following complex equalities and inequalities:</p>
826
- <ul class="simple">
827
- <li><p>the three complex equations given in (3.5.1) of <a class="reference internal" href="#fkr2013" id="id2"><span>[FKR2013]</span></a>.</p></li>
828
- <li><p>the inequality z<sub>ijl</sub> <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\\not=\)</span> -1.</p></li>
829
- </ul>
830
- <p><strong>Remark:</strong> It does not check whether all z<sub>ij</sub> * z<sub>ji</sub> are real or
831
- not as these are still valid CR configurations, see the remark following
832
- Proposition 3.5.</p>
833
- <p>The user has to supply an epsilon: an equality/inequality is considered
834
- to be true if and only if the absolute value | LHS - RHS | of difference between the
835
- left and right hand side is less/greater than epsilon.</p>
836
- <p>The user can supply another parameter, epsilon2. If any | LHS - RHS | is in
837
- the interval [epsilon, epsilon2], this method fails with an exception
838
- as the value of | LHS - RHS | is an ambiguous interval where
839
- it is unclear whether inequality fails to hold because it truly does
840
- hold or just because of numerical noise.</p>
841
- </dd></dl>
842
-
843
- <dl class="py method">
844
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.is_real">
845
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">is_real</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">epsilon</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.is_real" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
846
- <dd><p>Returns True if all cross ratios are real (have absolute imaginary
847
- part &lt; epsilon where epsilon is given as argument).
848
- This means that the corresponding representation is in PSL(N,R).</p>
849
- </dd></dl>
850
-
851
- <dl class="py method">
852
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.long_edge">
853
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">long_edge</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tet</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v2</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.long_edge" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
854
- <dd><p>The matrix that labels a long edge starting at vertex (v0, v1, v2)
855
- of a doubly truncated simplex corresponding to the ideal tetrahedron
856
- with index tet.</p>
857
- <p>This matrix was labeled alpha^{v0v1v2} in Figure 18 of
858
- Garoufalidis, Goerner, Zickert:
859
- Gluing Equations for PGL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
860
- <a class="reference external" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711">http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711</a></p>
861
- <p>It is computed using equation 10.22.</p>
862
- <p>The resulting matrix is given as a python list of lists.</p>
863
- </dd></dl>
864
-
865
- <dl class="py method">
866
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.middle_edge">
867
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">middle_edge</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tet</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v2</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.middle_edge" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
868
- <dd><p>The matrix that labels a middle edge starting at vertex (v0, v1, v2)
869
- of a doubly truncated simplex corresponding to the ideal tetrahedron
870
- with index tet.</p>
871
- <p>This matrix was labeled beta^{v0v1v2} in Figure 18 of
872
- Garoufalidis, Goerner, Zickert:
873
- Gluing Equations for PGL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
874
- <a class="reference external" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711">http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711</a></p>
875
- <p>It is computed using equation 10.22.</p>
876
- <p>The resulting matrix is given as a python list of lists.</p>
877
- </dd></dl>
878
-
879
- <dl class="py method">
880
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.multiply_and_simplify_terms_in_RUR">
881
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">multiply_and_simplify_terms_in_RUR</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.multiply_and_simplify_terms_in_RUR" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
882
- <dd><p>If a cross ratio is given as Rational Univariate Representation
883
- with numerator and denominator being a product, multiply the terms,
884
- reduce the fraction and return the result.</p>
885
- <p>See multiply_and_simplify_terms of RUR.</p>
886
- <p>This loses information about how the numerator and denominator are
887
- factorised.</p>
888
- </dd></dl>
889
-
890
- <dl class="py method">
891
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.multiply_terms_in_RUR">
892
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">multiply_terms_in_RUR</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.multiply_terms_in_RUR" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
893
- <dd><p>If a cross ratio is given as Rational Univariate Representation
894
- with numerator and denominator being a product, multiply the terms and
895
- return the result.</p>
896
- <p>See multiply_terms of RUR.</p>
897
- <p>This loses information about how the numerator and denominator are
898
- factorised.</p>
899
- </dd></dl>
900
-
901
- <dl class="py method">
902
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.num_tetrahedra">
903
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">num_tetrahedra</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.num_tetrahedra" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
904
- <dd><p>The number of tetrahedra for which we have cross ratios.</p>
905
- </dd></dl>
906
-
907
- <dl class="py method">
908
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.numerical">
909
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">numerical</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.numerical" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
910
- <dd><p>Turn exact solutions into numerical solutions using pari. Similar to
911
- numerical() of PtolemyCoordinates. See help(ptolemy.PtolemyCoordinates)
912
- for example.</p>
913
- </dd></dl>
914
-
915
- <dl class="py method">
916
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.short_edge">
917
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">short_edge</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tet</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v2</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.short_edge" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
918
- <dd><p>The matrix that labels a long edge starting at vertex (v0, v1, v2)
919
- of a doubly truncated simplex corresponding to the ideal tetrahedron
920
- with index tet.</p>
921
- <p>This matrix was labeled gamma^{v0v1v2} in Figure 18 of
922
- Garoufalidis, Goerner, Zickert:
923
- Gluing Equations for PGL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
924
- <a class="reference external" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711">http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711</a></p>
925
- <p>It is computed using equation 10.22.</p>
926
- <p>The resulting matrix is given as a python list of lists.</p>
927
- </dd></dl>
928
-
929
- <dl class="py method">
930
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.to_PUR">
931
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">to_PUR</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.to_PUR" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
932
- <dd><p>If any Ptolemy coordinates are given as Rational Univariate
933
- Representation, convert them to Polynomial Univariate Representation and
934
- return the result.</p>
935
- <p>See to_PUR of RUR.</p>
936
- <p>This conversion might lead to very large coefficients.</p>
937
- </dd></dl>
938
-
939
- <dl class="py method">
940
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.volume_numerical">
941
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">volume_numerical</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">drop_negative_vols</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.volume_numerical" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
942
- <dd><p>Turn into (Galois conjugate) numerical solutions and compute volumes.
943
- If already numerical, only compute the one volume.
944
- See numerical().</p>
945
- <p>If drop_negative_vols = True is given as optional argument,
946
- only return non-negative volumes.</p>
947
- </dd></dl>
948
-
949
- <dl class="py method">
950
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.x_coordinate">
951
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">x_coordinate</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tet</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">pt</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.x_coordinate" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
952
- <dd><p>Returns the X-coordinate for the tetrahedron with index tet
953
- at the point pt (quadruple of integers adding up to N).</p>
954
- <p>See Definition 10.9:
955
- Garoufalidis, Goerner, Zickert:
956
- Gluing Equations for PGL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
957
- <a class="reference external" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711">http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711</a></p>
958
- </dd></dl>
959
-
960
- </dd></dl>
961
-
962
- </section>
963
- <section id="flattenings">
964
- <h2>Flattenings<a class="headerlink" href="#flattenings" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
965
- <dl class="py class">
966
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings">
967
- <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Flattenings</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">d</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">manifold_thunk=&lt;function</span> <span class="pre">Flattenings.&lt;lambda&gt;&gt;</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">evenN=2</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
968
- <dd><p>Represents a flattening assigned to each edge of a simplex as dictionary.</p>
969
- <p>We assign to each pair of parallel edges of each simplex a triple (w, z, p)
970
- such that:</p>
971
- <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">w</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">z</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">pi</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">N</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">where</span> <span class="n">N</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">fixed</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">even</span><span class="o">.</span>
972
- </pre></div>
973
- </div>
974
- <p>For N = 2, the three triples belonging to a simplex form a combinatorial
975
- flattening (w0, w1, w2) as defined in Definition 3.1 in
976
- Walter D. Neumann, Extended Bloch group and the Cheeger-Chern-Simons class
977
- <a class="reference external" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/math.GT/0307092">http://arxiv.org/abs/math.GT/0307092</a></p>
978
- <p>For N &gt; 2, the three triples form a generalized combinatorial flattening
979
- (w0, w1, w2) that gives an element in the generalized Extended Bloch group
980
- which is the Extended Bloch group corresponding to the Riemann surface
981
- given by:</p>
982
- <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">u1</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="o">^</span><span class="n">w0</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">u2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="o">^</span><span class="n">w1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
983
- </pre></div>
984
- </div>
985
- <p>where u1^N = u2^N = 1.</p>
986
- <p>A representation in SL(n,C) and SL(n,C)/{+1,-1} with n even gives an element
987
- in the generalized Extended Bloch group for N = 2.
988
- A representation in PSL(n,C) with n even in the group for N = n.
989
- A representation in PSL(n,C) with n odd in the group for N = 2 * n.</p>
990
- <p>This work has not been published yet.</p>
991
- <p>If f is a flattening, then in the notation of Neumann, the value of:</p>
992
- <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;z_xxxx_y&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">z</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="p">)</span>
993
- <span class="n">f</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;zp_xxxx_y&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">z</span><span class="s1">&#39;, q)</span>
994
- <span class="n">f</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;zpp_xxxx_y&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">z</span><span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">r</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span>
995
- </pre></div>
996
- </div>
997
- <dl class="py method">
998
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.N">
999
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">N</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.N" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
1000
- <dd><p>Get the N such that these cross ratios are for
1001
- SL/PSL(N,C)-representations.</p>
1002
- </dd></dl>
1003
-
1004
- <dl class="py method">
1005
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.check_against_manifold">
1006
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">check_against_manifold</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">M</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">epsilon</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1e-10</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.check_against_manifold" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
1007
- <dd><p>Checks that the flattening really is a solution to the logarithmic
1008
- PGL(N,C) gluing equations of a manifold. Usage similar to
1009
- check_against_manifold of Ptolemy Coordinates, see
1010
- help(ptolemy.Coordinates) for similar examples.</p>
1011
- <p>=== Arguments ===</p>
1012
- <p>M — manifold to check this for
1013
- epsilon — maximal allowed error when checking the equations</p>
1014
- </dd></dl>
1015
-
1016
- <dl class="py method">
1017
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.complex_volume">
1018
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">complex_volume</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">with_modulo</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.complex_volume" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
1019
- <dd><p>Compute complex volume. The complex volume is defined only up to
1020
- some multiple of m where m = i * pi**2/6 for PSL(2,C) and SL(N,C)
1021
- and m = i * pi**2/18 for PSL(3,C).</p>
1022
- <p>When called with with_modulo = True, gives a pair
1023
- (volume, m)</p>
1024
- </dd></dl>
1025
-
1026
- <dl class="py method">
1027
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.from_tetrahedra_shapes_of_manifold">
1028
- <em class="property"><span class="pre">classmethod</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">from_tetrahedra_shapes_of_manifold</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">M</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.from_tetrahedra_shapes_of_manifold" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
1029
- <dd><p>Takes as argument a manifold and produces (weak) flattenings using
1030
- the tetrahedra_shapes of the manifold M.</p>
1031
- <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span>
1032
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">M</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;5_2&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
1033
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">flattenings</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Flattenings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">from_tetrahedra_shapes_of_manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="p">)</span>
1034
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">flattenings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">check_against_manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="p">)</span>
1035
- <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">flattenings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">check_against_manifold</span><span class="p">()</span>
1036
- </pre></div>
1037
- </div>
1038
- </dd></dl>
1039
-
1040
- <dl class="py method">
1041
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.get_manifold">
1042
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_manifold</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.get_manifold" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
1043
- <dd><p>Get the manifold for which this structure represents a flattening.</p>
1044
- </dd></dl>
1045
-
1046
- <dl class="py method">
1047
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.get_order">
1048
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_order</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.get_order" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
1049
- <dd><p>Returns the number N. This flattening represents an element in the
1050
- generalized Extended Bloch group for the Riemann surface given by
1051
- u1 * e^w0 + u2 * e^w1 = 1 where u1^N = u2^N = 1.</p>
1052
- </dd></dl>
1053
-
1054
- <dl class="py method">
1055
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.get_zpq_triple">
1056
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_zpq_triple</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">key_z</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.get_zpq_triple" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
1057
- <dd><p>Gives a flattening as triple [z;p,q] representing an element
1058
- in the generalized Extended Bloch group similar to the way the
1059
- triple [z;p,q] is used in Lemma 3.2 in
1060
- Walter D. Neumann, Extended Bloch group and the Cheeger-Chern-Simons class
1061
- <a class="reference external" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/math.GT/0307092">http://arxiv.org/abs/math.GT/0307092</a></p>
1062
- </dd></dl>
1063
-
1064
- <dl class="py method">
1065
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.num_tetrahedra">
1066
- <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">num_tetrahedra</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.num_tetrahedra" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
1067
- <dd><p>The number of tetrahedra for which we have cross ratios.</p>
1068
- </dd></dl>
1069
-
1070
- </dd></dl>
1071
-
1072
- </section>
1073
- <section id="nonzerodimensionalcomponent">
1074
- <h2>NonZeroDimensionalComponent<a class="headerlink" href="#nonzerodimensionalcomponent" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
1075
- <dl class="py class">
1076
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.component.NonZeroDimensionalComponent">
1077
- <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.ptolemy.component.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">NonZeroDimensionalComponent</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">witnesses</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">[]</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">dimension</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'unknown'</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">free_variables</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">genus</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">p</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.component.NonZeroDimensionalComponent" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
1078
- <dd><p>Represents a non-zero dimensional component in the
1079
- Ptolemy variety. It is a list that can hold points sampled from that
1080
- component (witnesses).</p>
1081
- </dd></dl>
1082
-
1083
- </section>
1084
- <section id="other-functions">
1085
- <h2>Other functions<a class="headerlink" href="#other-functions" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
1086
- <dl class="py function">
1087
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.solutions_from_magma">
1088
- <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.ptolemy.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">solutions_from_magma</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">output</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">numerical</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.solutions_from_magma" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
1089
- <dd><p>Obsolete, use processFileDispatch.parse_solutions instead.</p>
1090
- <p>Assumes the given string is the output of a magma computation, parses
1091
- it and returns a list of solutions.
1092
- A non-zero dimensional component of the variety is reported as
1093
- NonZeroDimensionalComponent.</p>
1094
- </dd></dl>
1095
-
1096
- <dl class="py function">
1097
- <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.solutions_from_magma_file">
1098
- <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.ptolemy.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">solutions_from_magma_file</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">filename</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">numerical</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.solutions_from_magma_file" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
1099
- <dd><p>Obsolete, use processFileDispatch.parse_solutions_from_file instead.</p>
1100
- <p>Reads the output from a magma computation from the file with the given
1101
- filename and returns a list of solutions. Also see solutions_from_magma.
1102
- A non-zero dimensional component of the variety is reported as
1103
- NonZeroDimensionalComponent.</p>
1104
- </dd></dl>
1105
-
1106
- <div role="list" class="citation-list">
1107
- <div class="citation" id="fkr2013" role="doc-biblioentry">
1108
- <span class="label"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>FKR2013<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></span>
1109
- <span class="backrefs">(<a role="doc-backlink" href="#id1">1</a>,<a role="doc-backlink" href="#id2">2</a>)</span>
1110
- <p>Falbel, Koseleff, Rouillier: Representations of Fundamental Groups of 3-Manifolds into PGL(3,C): Exact Computations in Low Complexity, <a class="reference external" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1307.6697">http://arxiv.org/abs/1307.6697</a></p>
1111
- </div>
1112
- </div>
1113
- </section>
1114
- </section>
1115
-
1116
-
1117
- </div>
1118
- </div>
1119
- <footer><div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="Footer">
1120
- <a href="ptolemy_examples4.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-left" title="Step-by-step examples: Part 4" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left" aria-hidden="true"></span> Previous</a>
1121
- <a href="news.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="News" accesskey="n" rel="next">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></a>
1122
- </div>
1123
-
1124
- <hr/>
1125
-
1126
- <div role="contentinfo">
1127
- <p>&#169; Copyright 2009-2023, by Marc Culler, Nathan Dunfield, Matthias Goerner, Jeffrey Weeks and others.</p>
1128
- </div>
1129
-
1130
- Built with <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> using a
1131
- <a href="https://github.com/readthedocs/sphinx_rtd_theme">theme</a>
1132
- provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>.
1133
-
1134
-
1135
- </footer>
1136
- </div>
1137
- </div>
1138
- </section>
1139
- </div>
1140
- <script>
1141
- jQuery(function () {
1142
- SphinxRtdTheme.Navigation.enable(true);
1143
- });
1144
- </script>
1145
-
1146
- </body>
1
+
2
+
3
+ <!DOCTYPE html>
4
+ <html class="writer-html5" lang="en" data-content_root="./">
5
+ <head>
6
+ <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
7
+
8
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
9
+ <title>Classes &mdash; SnapPy 3.2 documentation</title>
10
+ <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css?v=fa44fd50" />
11
+ <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/css/theme.css?v=e59714d7" />
12
+ <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/snappy_sphinx_rtd_theme.css?v=1b8ec2a8" />
13
+
14
+
15
+ <link rel="shortcut icon" href="_static/SnapPy.ico"/>
16
+ <script src="_static/jquery.js?v=5d32c60e"></script>
17
+ <script src="_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js?v=2cd50e6c"></script>
18
+ <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=828ea960"></script>
19
+ <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=9a2dae69"></script>
20
+ <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
21
+ <script async="async" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"></script>
22
+ <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script>
23
+ <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
24
+ <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
25
+ <link rel="next" title="News" href="news.html" />
26
+ <link rel="prev" title="Step-by-step examples: Part 4" href="ptolemy_examples4.html" />
27
+ </head>
28
+
29
+ <body class="wy-body-for-nav">
30
+ <div class="wy-grid-for-nav">
31
+ <nav data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-side">
32
+ <div class="wy-side-scroll">
33
+ <div class="wy-side-nav-search" >
34
+
35
+
36
+
37
+ <a href="index.html" class="icon icon-home">
38
+ SnapPy
39
+ <img src="_static/SnapPy-horizontal-128.png" class="logo" alt="Logo"/>
40
+ </a>
41
+ <div role="search">
42
+ <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get">
43
+ <input type="text" name="q" placeholder="Search docs" aria-label="Search docs" />
44
+ <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
45
+ <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
46
+ </form>
47
+ </div>
48
+ </div><div class="wy-menu wy-menu-vertical" data-spy="affix" role="navigation" aria-label="Navigation menu">
49
+ <ul class="current">
50
+ <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="installing.html">Installing SnapPy</a></li>
51
+ <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="screenshots.html">Screenshots: SnapPy in action</a></li>
52
+ <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tutorial.html">Tutorial</a></li>
53
+ <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="snappy.html">The snappy module and its classes</a></li>
54
+ <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="plink.html">Using SnapPy’s link editor</a></li>
55
+ <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="spherogram.html">Links: planar diagrams and invariants</a></li>
56
+ <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="snap.html">Number theory of hyperbolic 3-manifolds</a></li>
57
+ <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="verify.html">Verified computations</a></li>
58
+ <li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="other.html">Other components</a><ul class="current">
59
+ <li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="reference internal" href="other.html#ptolemy-module">Ptolemy module</a><ul class="current">
60
+ <li class="toctree-l3 current"><a class="reference internal" href="ptolemy.html">The ptolemy module</a><ul class="current">
61
+ <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="ptolemy.html#what-is-the-ptolemy-module">What is the ptolemy module?</a></li>
62
+ <li class="toctree-l4 current"><a class="reference internal" href="ptolemy.html#documentation">Documentation</a><ul class="current">
63
+ <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="ptolemy_prelim.html">Mathematical preliminaries</a></li>
64
+ <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="ptolemy_examples1.html">Step-by-step examples: Part 1</a></li>
65
+ <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="ptolemy_examples2.html">Step-by-step examples: Part 2</a></li>
66
+ <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="ptolemy_examples3.html">Step-by-step examples: Part 3</a></li>
67
+ <li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="ptolemy_examples4.html">Step-by-step examples: Part 4</a></li>
68
+ <li class="toctree-l5 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Classes</a></li>
69
+ </ul>
70
+ </li>
71
+ </ul>
72
+ </li>
73
+ </ul>
74
+ </li>
75
+ <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="other.html#twister">Twister</a></li>
76
+ </ul>
77
+ </li>
78
+ <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="news.html">News</a></li>
79
+ <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="credits.html">Credits</a></li>
80
+ <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="bugs.html">Reporting bugs and other problems</a></li>
81
+ <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="todo.html">To Do List</a></li>
82
+ <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="development.html">Development Basics</a></li>
83
+ </ul>
84
+
85
+ </div>
86
+ </div>
87
+ </nav>
88
+
89
+ <section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap"><nav class="wy-nav-top" aria-label="Mobile navigation menu" >
90
+ <i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i>
91
+ <a href="index.html">SnapPy</a>
92
+ </nav>
93
+
94
+ <div class="wy-nav-content">
95
+ <div class="rst-content">
96
+ <div role="navigation" aria-label="Page navigation">
97
+ <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs">
98
+ <li><a href="index.html" class="icon icon-home" aria-label="Home"></a></li>
99
+ <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="other.html">Other components</a></li>
100
+ <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="ptolemy.html">The ptolemy module</a></li>
101
+ <li class="breadcrumb-item active">Classes</li>
102
+ <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside">
103
+ </li>
104
+ </ul>
105
+ <hr/>
106
+ </div>
107
+ <div role="main" class="document" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
108
+ <div itemprop="articleBody">
109
+
110
+ <section id="classes">
111
+ <h1>Classes<a class="headerlink" href="#classes" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
112
+ <section id="ptolemyvariety">
113
+ <h2>PtolemyVariety<a class="headerlink" href="#ptolemyvariety" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
114
+ <dl class="py class">
115
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety">
116
+ <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">PtolemyVariety</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">manifold</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">N</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">obstruction_class</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">simplify</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">eliminate_fixed_ptolemys</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
117
+ <dd><p>Holds a reduced Ptolemy variety.</p>
118
+ <p>=== Examples ===</p>
119
+ <p>To generate such a variety, call:</p>
120
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span>
121
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;4_1&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">obstruction_class</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
122
+ </pre></div>
123
+ </div>
124
+ <p>Show the equations and variables:</p>
125
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">e</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">equations</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
126
+ <span class="go">- c_0011_0 * c_0101_0 + c_0011_0^2 + c_0101_0^2</span>
127
+ <span class="go">c_0011_0 * c_0101_0 - c_0011_0^2 - c_0101_0^2</span>
128
+ <span class="go">- 1 + c_0011_0</span>
129
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">variables</span>
130
+ <span class="go">[&#39;c_0011_0&#39;, &#39;c_0101_0&#39;]</span>
131
+ </pre></div>
132
+ </div>
133
+ <p>Show as an ideal (sage object):</p>
134
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ideal</span>
135
+ <span class="go">Ideal (-c_0011_0^2 + c_0011_0*c_0101_0 + c_0101_0^2, -c_0011_0^2 - c_0011_0*c_0101_0 + c_0101_0^2, c_0011_0 - 1) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in c_0011_0, c_0101_0 over Rational Field</span>
136
+ <span class="go">(skip doctest because example only works in sage and not plain python)</span>
137
+ </pre></div>
138
+ </div>
139
+ <p>Produce magma input:</p>
140
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">to_magma</span><span class="p">()</span>
141
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;ring and ideal&#39;</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="p">())</span>
142
+ <span class="go">R&lt;c_0011_0, c_0101_0&gt; := PolynomialRing(RationalField(), 2, &quot;grevlex&quot;);</span>
143
+ <span class="go">MyIdeal := ideal&lt;R |</span>
144
+ <span class="go"> - c_0011_0 * c_0101_0 + c_0011_0^2 + c_0101_0^2,</span>
145
+ <span class="go"> ...</span>
146
+ </pre></div>
147
+ </div>
148
+ <p>Call <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">p.compute_solutions()</span></code> to automatically compute solutions!</p>
149
+ <p>Show canonical representatives:</p>
150
+ <p>(The Ptolemy coordinates c_0110_0 and c_0101_0 are identified, this
151
+ information is needed to recover all Ptolemy coordinates from the solutions
152
+ of a simplified Ptolemy variety. The information is also packaged into a
153
+ python section by py_eval_variable_dict().)</p>
154
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">canonical_representative</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;c_0110_0&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span>
155
+ <span class="go">(1, 0, &#39;c_0101_0&#39;)</span>
156
+ </pre></div>
157
+ </div>
158
+ <dl class="py method">
159
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.compute_decomposition">
160
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">compute_decomposition</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">engine</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">memory_limit</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">750000000</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">directory</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">verbose</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">template_path</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'magma/default.magma_template'</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.compute_decomposition" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
161
+ <dd><p>Starts an engine such as magma to compute the
162
+ radical decomposition of the Ptolemy variety.</p>
163
+ <p>If started in sage, uses sage, otherwise, uses magma.</p>
164
+ <p>=== Arguments ===</p>
165
+ <p>engine — engine to use, currently, only support magma and sage
166
+ memory_limit — maximal allowed memory in bytes
167
+ directory — location for input and output files, temporary directory used if not specified
168
+ verbose — print extra information</p>
169
+ </dd></dl>
170
+
171
+ <dl class="py method">
172
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.compute_solutions">
173
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">compute_solutions</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">engine</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">numerical</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">template_path</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'magma/default.magma_template'</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">memory_limit</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">750000000</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">directory</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">verbose</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.compute_solutions" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
174
+ <dd><p>Starts an engine such as magma to compute the
175
+ radical decomposition of the ideal and computes exact solutions.</p>
176
+ <p>If started in sage, uses sage, otherwise, uses magma.</p>
177
+ <p>=== Arguments ===</p>
178
+ <p>engine — engine to use, currently, only support magma and sage
179
+ numerical — get numerical solutions from magma instead of exact ones
180
+ memory_limit — maximal allowed memory in bytes
181
+ directory — location for input and output files, temporary directory used if not specified
182
+ verbose — print extra information</p>
183
+ </dd></dl>
184
+
185
+ <dl class="py method">
186
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.degree_to_shapes">
187
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">degree_to_shapes</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.degree_to_shapes" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
188
+ <dd><p>In general, there can be d different solutions to the (reduced) Ptolemy
189
+ variety for each solution to the gluing equations (with peripheral
190
+ equations). This method computes d which is also the number of elements
191
+ in H^1(Mhat; Z/N) where Mhat is the non-manifold cell comples obtained
192
+ by gluing together the tetrahedra as non-ideal tetrahedra.</p>
193
+ <p>For example, the Ptolemy variety for m009 has 4 points but there are
194
+ only 2 distinct boundary-unipotent PSL(2,C) representations.
195
+ Thus the following call returns 2 = 4 / 2</p>
196
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span>
197
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;m009&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">degree_to_shapes</span><span class="p">()</span>
198
+ <span class="go">2</span>
199
+ </pre></div>
200
+ </div>
201
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;m010&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">degree_to_shapes</span><span class="p">()</span>
202
+ <span class="go">2</span>
203
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;m011&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">degree_to_shapes</span><span class="p">()</span>
204
+ <span class="go">1</span>
205
+ </pre></div>
206
+ </div>
207
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;m009&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">degree_to_shapes</span><span class="p">()</span>
208
+ <span class="go">1</span>
209
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;m010&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">degree_to_shapes</span><span class="p">()</span>
210
+ <span class="go">3</span>
211
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;m011&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">degree_to_shapes</span><span class="p">()</span>
212
+ <span class="go">1</span>
213
+ </pre></div>
214
+ </div>
215
+ </dd></dl>
216
+
217
+ <dl class="py method">
218
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.filename_base">
219
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">filename_base</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.filename_base" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
220
+ <dd><p>Preferred filename base for writing out this Ptolemy variety</p>
221
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="o">*</span>
222
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">M</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;4_1&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
223
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">obstruction_class</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
224
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">filename_base</span><span class="p">()</span>
225
+ <span class="go">&#39;4_1__sl2_c1&#39;</span>
226
+ </pre></div>
227
+ </div>
228
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
229
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">filename_base</span><span class="p">()</span>
230
+ <span class="go">&#39;4_1__sl2_c0&#39;</span>
231
+ </pre></div>
232
+ </div>
233
+ </dd></dl>
234
+
235
+ <dl class="py method">
236
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.py_eval_section">
237
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">py_eval_section</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.py_eval_section" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
238
+ <dd><p>Returns a string that can be evaluated in python and contains extra
239
+ information needed to recover solutions from a simplified Ptolemy
240
+ variety.</p>
241
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pari</span>
242
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">M</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;4_1&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
243
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">obstruction_class</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
244
+ </pre></div>
245
+ </div>
246
+ <p>Get extra information</p>
247
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">eval_section</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py_eval_section</span><span class="p">()</span>
248
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">eval_section</span><span class="p">)</span>
249
+ <span class="go">{&#39;variable_dict&#39; :</span>
250
+ <span class="go"> (lambda d: {</span>
251
+ <span class="go"> ...</span>
252
+ </pre></div>
253
+ </div>
254
+ <p>Turn it into a python object by evaluation.</p>
255
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">obj</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">eval</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">eval_section</span><span class="p">)</span>
256
+ </pre></div>
257
+ </div>
258
+ <p>Access the function that expands a solution to the simplified
259
+ Ptolemy variety to a full solution.</p>
260
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">variable_dict</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">obj</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;variable_dict&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
261
+ </pre></div>
262
+ </div>
263
+ <p>Setup a solution and expand it to a full solution, ‘1’ must map to 1</p>
264
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">simplified_solution</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">&#39;c_0101_0&#39;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">pari</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;0.5 - 0.866025403784439*I&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">pari</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="s1">&#39;c_0011_0&#39;</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">pari</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)}</span>
265
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">full_solution</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">variable_dict</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">simplified_solution</span><span class="p">)</span>
266
+ </pre></div>
267
+ </div>
268
+ <p>Full solution is a dictionary with a key for every Ptolemy coordinate</p>
269
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">full_solution</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;c_1010_1&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
270
+ <span class="go">1</span>
271
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">tet</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">):</span>
272
+ <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">utilities</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">quadruples_with_fixed_sum_iterator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">skipVertices</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">):</span>
273
+ <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;c_</span><span class="si">%d%d%d%d</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">&quot;_</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">tet</span>
274
+ <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">full_solution</span>
275
+ </pre></div>
276
+ </div>
277
+ </dd></dl>
278
+
279
+ <dl class="py method">
280
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.to_magma">
281
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">to_magma</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">template_path</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'magma/default.magma_template'</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.to_magma" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
282
+ <dd><p>Returns a string with the ideal that can be used as input for magma.</p>
283
+ <p>The advanced user can provide a template string to write own magma
284
+ code to process the equations.</p>
285
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="o">*</span>
286
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;4_1&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">obstruction_class</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
287
+ </pre></div>
288
+ </div>
289
+ <p>Magma input to compute radical Decomposition
290
+ &gt;&gt;&gt; s = p.to_magma()
291
+ &gt;&gt;&gt; print(s.split(‘ring and ideal’)[1].strip()) #doctest: +ELLIPSIS +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
292
+ R&lt;c_0011_0, c_0101_0&gt; := PolynomialRing(RationalField(), 2, “grevlex”);
293
+ MyIdeal := ideal&lt;R | - c_0011_0 * c_0101_0 + c_0011_0^2 + c_0101_0^2,
294
+ …
295
+ &gt;&gt;&gt; “RadicalDecomposition” in p.to_magma()
296
+ True</p>
297
+ </dd></dl>
298
+
299
+ <dl class="py method">
300
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.to_magma_file">
301
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">to_magma_file</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">filename</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">template_path</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'magma/default.magma_template'</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.ptolemyVariety.PtolemyVariety.to_magma_file" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
302
+ <dd><div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">os</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">tempfile</span>
303
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span>
304
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">handle</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">tempfile</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mkstemp</span><span class="p">()</span>
305
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;4_1&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ptolemy_variety</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">obstruction_class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
306
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">to_magma_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span>
307
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">handle</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span>
308
+ </pre></div>
309
+ </div>
310
+ </dd></dl>
311
+
312
+ </dd></dl>
313
+
314
+ </section>
315
+ <section id="ptolemycoordinates">
316
+ <h2>PtolemyCoordinates<a class="headerlink" href="#ptolemycoordinates" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
317
+ <dl class="py class">
318
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates">
319
+ <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">PtolemyCoordinates</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">d</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">is_numerical=True</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">py_eval_section=None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">manifold_thunk=&lt;function</span> <span class="pre">PtolemyCoordinates.&lt;lambda&gt;&gt;</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">non_trivial_generalized_obstruction_class=False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
320
+ <dd><p>Represents a solution of a Ptolemy variety as python dictionary.</p>
321
+ <p>=== Examples ===</p>
322
+ <p>Construct solution from magma output:</p>
323
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy.ptolemy.processMagmaFile</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">_magma_output_for_4_1__sl3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">solutions_from_magma</span>
324
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span>
325
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">solutions</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solutions_from_magma</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_magma_output_for_4_1__sl3</span><span class="p">)</span>
326
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">solution</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solutions</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span>
327
+ </pre></div>
328
+ </div>
329
+ <p>Access a Ptolemy coordinate:</p>
330
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">solution</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;c_2100_0&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
331
+ <span class="go">1</span>
332
+ </pre></div>
333
+ </div>
334
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">solution</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">number_field</span><span class="p">()</span>
335
+ <span class="go">x^2 + x + 1</span>
336
+ </pre></div>
337
+ </div>
338
+ <p>Solution is always 0 dimensional:</p>
339
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">solution</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dimension</span>
340
+ <span class="go">0</span>
341
+ </pre></div>
342
+ </div>
343
+ <p>Check that it is really a solution, exactly:</p>
344
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">solution</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">check_against_manifold</span><span class="p">()</span>
345
+ </pre></div>
346
+ </div>
347
+ <p>If the solution was not created through the ptolemy module
348
+ and thus not associated to a manifold, we need to explicitly
349
+ specify one:</p>
350
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">myDict</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{}</span>
351
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">key</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">solution</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">():</span>
352
+ <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">myDict</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">value</span>
353
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">mysolution</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">PtolemyCoordinates</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">myDict</span><span class="p">)</span>
354
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">M</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;4_1&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
355
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">solution</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">check_against_manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="p">)</span>
356
+ </pre></div>
357
+ </div>
358
+ <p>Turn into (Galois conjugate) numerical solutions:</p>
359
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">old_precision</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pari</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_real_precision</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># with high precision</span>
360
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">numerical_solutions</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solution</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">numerical</span><span class="p">()</span>
361
+ </pre></div>
362
+ </div>
363
+ <p>Check that it is a solution, numerically:</p>
364
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">numerical_solutions</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">check_against_manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1e-80</span><span class="p">)</span>
365
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">pari</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_real_precision</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">old_precision</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># reset pari engine</span>
366
+ <span class="go">100</span>
367
+ </pre></div>
368
+ </div>
369
+ <p>Compute cross ratios from the Ptolemy coordinates (cross ratios
370
+ according to SnapPy convention, see help(solution.cross_ratios):</p>
371
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">cross</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solution</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cross_ratios</span><span class="p">()</span>
372
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">cross</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;z_0001_0&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
373
+ <span class="go">Mod(-x, x^2 + x + 1)</span>
374
+ </pre></div>
375
+ </div>
376
+ <p>Compute volumes:</p>
377
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">volumes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cross</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">volume_numerical</span><span class="p">()</span>
378
+ </pre></div>
379
+ </div>
380
+ <p>Check that volume is 4 times the geometric one:</p>
381
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">volume</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">volumes</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">abs</span><span class="p">()</span>
382
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">diff</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">abs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">volume</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">volume</span><span class="p">)</span>
383
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">diff</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mf">1e-9</span>
384
+ <span class="go">True</span>
385
+ </pre></div>
386
+ </div>
387
+ <p>Compute flattenings:</p>
388
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">flattenings</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solution</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flattenings_numerical</span><span class="p">()</span>
389
+ </pre></div>
390
+ </div>
391
+ <p>Compute complex volumes:</p>
392
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">cvols</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">flattening</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">complex_volume</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">flattening</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">flattenings</span><span class="p">]</span>
393
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">volume</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cvols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">real</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">abs</span><span class="p">()</span>
394
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">chernSimons</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cvols</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">imag</span><span class="p">()</span>
395
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">diff</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">abs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">volume</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">volume</span><span class="p">)</span>
396
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">diff</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mf">1e-9</span>
397
+ <span class="go">True</span>
398
+ </pre></div>
399
+ </div>
400
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">pari</span>
401
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">normalized</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">chernSimons</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pari</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Pi&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
402
+ </pre></div>
403
+ </div>
404
+ <p>Check that Chern Simons is zero up to 6 torsion:</p>
405
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">normalized</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">normalized</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">round</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mf">1e-9</span>
406
+ <span class="go">True</span>
407
+ </pre></div>
408
+ </div>
409
+ <dl class="py method">
410
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.N">
411
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">N</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.N" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
412
+ <dd><p>Get the <em>N</em> where these coordinates are for SL/PSL(<em>N</em>, <strong>C</strong>)-representations.</p>
413
+ </dd></dl>
414
+
415
+ <dl class="py method">
416
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.check_against_manifold">
417
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">check_against_manifold</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">M</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">epsilon</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.check_against_manifold" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
418
+ <dd><p>Checks that the given solution really is a solution to the Ptolemy
419
+ variety of a manifold. See help(ptolemy.PtolemyCoordinates) for
420
+ more example.</p>
421
+ <p>=== Arguments ===</p>
422
+ <ul class="simple">
423
+ <li><p>M — manifold to check this for</p></li>
424
+ <li><p>epsilon — maximal allowed error when checking the relations, use
425
+ None for exact comparison.</p></li>
426
+ </ul>
427
+ </dd></dl>
428
+
429
+ <dl class="py method">
430
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.complex_volume_numerical">
431
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">complex_volume_numerical</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">drop_negative_vols</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">with_modulo</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.complex_volume_numerical" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
432
+ <dd><p>Turn into (Galois conjugate) numerical solutions and compute complex
433
+ volumes. If already numerical, return the volume.</p>
434
+ <p>Complex volume is defined up to i*pi**2/6.</p>
435
+ <p>See numerical(). If drop_negative_vols = True is given as optional
436
+ argument, only return complex volumes with non-negative real part.</p>
437
+ </dd></dl>
438
+
439
+ <dl class="py method">
440
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.cross_ratios">
441
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">cross_ratios</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.cross_ratios" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
442
+ <dd><p>Compute cross ratios from Ptolemy coordinates. The cross ratios are
443
+ according to the SnapPy convention, so we have:</p>
444
+ <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">z</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">zp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">zp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">zpp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">zpp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">z</span>
445
+ </pre></div>
446
+ </div>
447
+ <p>where:</p>
448
+ <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">z</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">at</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">edge</span> <span class="mi">01</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">equal</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">s0</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">s1</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_1010</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_0101</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_1001</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_0110</span><span class="p">)</span>
449
+ <span class="n">zp</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">at</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">edge</span> <span class="mi">02</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">equal</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">s0</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">s2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_1001</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_0110</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_1100</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_0011</span><span class="p">)</span>
450
+ <span class="n">zpp</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">at</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">edge</span> <span class="mi">03</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">equal</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">s0</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">s3</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_1100</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_0011</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_0101</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_1010</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span>
451
+ </pre></div>
452
+ </div>
453
+ <p>Note that this is different from the convention used in
454
+ Garoufalidis, Goerner, Zickert:
455
+ Gluing Equations for PGL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
456
+ <a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711">https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711</a></p>
457
+ <p>Take an exact solution:</p>
458
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy.ptolemy.processMagmaFile</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">_magma_output_for_4_1__sl3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">solutions_from_magma</span>
459
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">solutions</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solutions_from_magma</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_magma_output_for_4_1__sl3</span><span class="p">)</span>
460
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">solution</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solutions</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span>
461
+ </pre></div>
462
+ </div>
463
+ <p>Turn into cross Ratios:</p>
464
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">crossRatios</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solution</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cross_ratios</span><span class="p">()</span>
465
+ </pre></div>
466
+ </div>
467
+ <p>Get a cross ratio:</p>
468
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">crossRatios</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;zp_0010_0&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
469
+ <span class="go">Mod(-x, x^2 + x + 1)</span>
470
+ </pre></div>
471
+ </div>
472
+ <p>Check the relationship between cross ratios:</p>
473
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">crossRatios</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;z_0010_0&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">crossRatios</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;zp_0010_0&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
474
+ <span class="go">True</span>
475
+ </pre></div>
476
+ </div>
477
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">crossRatios</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;zp_0010_0&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">crossRatios</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;zpp_0010_0&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
478
+ <span class="go">True</span>
479
+ </pre></div>
480
+ </div>
481
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">crossRatios</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;zpp_0010_0&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">crossRatios</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;z_0010_0&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
482
+ <span class="go">True</span>
483
+ </pre></div>
484
+ </div>
485
+ <p>Get information about what one can do with cross ratios</p>
486
+ </dd></dl>
487
+
488
+ <dl class="py method">
489
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.cross_ratios_numerical">
490
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">cross_ratios_numerical</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.cross_ratios_numerical" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
491
+ <dd><p>Turn exact solutions into numerical and then compute cross ratios.
492
+ See numerical() and cross_ratios().</p>
493
+ </dd></dl>
494
+
495
+ <dl class="py method">
496
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.diamond_coordinate">
497
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">diamond_coordinate</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tet</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v2</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">pt</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.diamond_coordinate" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
498
+ <dd><p>Returns the diamond coordinate for tetrahedron with index tet
499
+ for the face with vertices v0, v1, v2 (integers between 0 and 3) and
500
+ integral point pt (quadruple adding up to N-2).</p>
501
+ <p>See Definition 10.1:
502
+ Garoufalidis, Goerner, Zickert:
503
+ Gluing Equations for PGL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
504
+ <a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711">https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711</a></p>
505
+ </dd></dl>
506
+
507
+ <dl class="py method">
508
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.evaluate_word">
509
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">evaluate_word</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">word</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">G</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.evaluate_word" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
510
+ <dd><p>Given a word in the generators of the fundamental group,
511
+ compute the corresponding matrix. By default, these are the
512
+ generators of the unsimplified presentation of the fundamental
513
+ group. An optional SnapPy fundamental group can be given if the
514
+ words are in generators of a different presentation, e.g.,
515
+ c.evaluate_word(word, M.fundamental_group(True)) to
516
+ evaluate a word in the simplified presentation returned by
517
+ M.fundamental_group(True).</p>
518
+ <p>For now, the matrix is returned as list of lists.</p>
519
+ </dd></dl>
520
+
521
+ <dl class="py method">
522
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.flattenings_numerical">
523
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">flattenings_numerical</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.flattenings_numerical" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
524
+ <dd><p>Turn into numerical solutions and compute flattenings, see
525
+ help(snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings)
526
+ Also see numerical()</p>
527
+ <p>Get Ptolemy coordinates.</p>
528
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy.ptolemy.processMagmaFile</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">_magma_output_for_4_1__sl3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">solutions_from_magma</span>
529
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">solutions</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solutions_from_magma</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_magma_output_for_4_1__sl3</span><span class="p">)</span>
530
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">solution</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solutions</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span>
531
+ </pre></div>
532
+ </div>
533
+ <p>Compute a numerical solution</p>
534
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">flattenings</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solution</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flattenings_numerical</span><span class="p">()</span>
535
+ </pre></div>
536
+ </div>
537
+ <p>Get more information with help(flattenings[0])</p>
538
+ </dd></dl>
539
+
540
+ <dl class="py method">
541
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.get_manifold">
542
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_manifold</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.get_manifold" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
543
+ <dd><p>Get the manifold for which this structure represents a solution
544
+ to the Ptolemy variety.</p>
545
+ </dd></dl>
546
+
547
+ <dl class="py method">
548
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.has_obstruction">
549
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">has_obstruction</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.has_obstruction" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
550
+ <dd><p>Whether the Ptolemy variety has legacy obstruction class that
551
+ modifies the Ptolemy relation to</p>
552
+ </dd></dl>
553
+
554
+ <dl class="py method">
555
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.is_geometric">
556
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">is_geometric</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">epsilon</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1e-06</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.is_geometric" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
557
+ <dd><p>Returns true if all shapes corresponding to this solution have positive
558
+ imaginary part.</p>
559
+ <p>If the solutions are exact, it returns true if one of the corresponding
560
+ numerical solutions is geometric.</p>
561
+ <p>An optional epsilon can be given. An imaginary part of a shape is
562
+ considered positive if it is larger than this epsilon.</p>
563
+ </dd></dl>
564
+
565
+ <dl class="py method">
566
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.long_edge">
567
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">long_edge</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tet</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v2</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.long_edge" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
568
+ <dd><p>The matrix that labels a long edge from v0 to v1 (integers between 0
569
+ and 3) of a (doubly) truncated simplex corresponding to an ideal
570
+ tetrahedron with index tet.</p>
571
+ <p>This matrix was labeled alpha^{v0v1v2} (v2 does not matter for non
572
+ double-truncated simplex) in Figure 18 of
573
+ Garoufalidis, Goerner, Zickert:
574
+ Gluing Equations for PGL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
575
+ <a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711">https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711</a></p>
576
+ <p>It is computed using equation 10.4. Note that the ratio coordinate
577
+ is different from the definition in the paper (see ratio_coordinate).</p>
578
+ <p>The resulting matrix is given as a python list of lists.</p>
579
+ </dd></dl>
580
+
581
+ <dl class="py method">
582
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.middle_edge">
583
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">middle_edge</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tet</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v2</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.middle_edge" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
584
+ <dd><p>The matrix that labels a middle edge on the face v0, v1, v2 (integers
585
+ between 0 and 3) of a doubly truncated simplex (or a short edge of the
586
+ truncated simplex) corresponding to an ideal tetrahedron with index
587
+ tet.</p>
588
+ <p>This matrix was labeled beta^{v0v1v2} in Figure 18 of
589
+ Garoufalidis, Goerner, Zickert:
590
+ Gluing Equations for PGL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
591
+ <a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711">https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711</a></p>
592
+ <p>It is computed using equation 10.4.</p>
593
+ <p>The resulting matrix is given as a python list of lists.</p>
594
+ </dd></dl>
595
+
596
+ <dl class="py method">
597
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.multiply_and_simplify_terms_in_RUR">
598
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">multiply_and_simplify_terms_in_RUR</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.multiply_and_simplify_terms_in_RUR" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
599
+ <dd><p>If a Ptolemy coordinate is given as Rational Univariate Representation
600
+ with numerator and denominator being a product, multiply the terms,
601
+ reduce the fraction and return the result.</p>
602
+ <p>See multiply_and_simplify_terms of RUR.</p>
603
+ <p>This loses information about how the numerator and denominator are
604
+ factorised.</p>
605
+ </dd></dl>
606
+
607
+ <dl class="py method">
608
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.multiply_terms_in_RUR">
609
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">multiply_terms_in_RUR</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.multiply_terms_in_RUR" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
610
+ <dd><p>If a Ptolemy coordinate is given as Rational Univariate Representation
611
+ with numerator and denominator being a product, multiply the terms and
612
+ return the result.</p>
613
+ <p>See multiply_terms of RUR.</p>
614
+ <p>This loses information about how the numerator and denominator are
615
+ factorised.</p>
616
+ </dd></dl>
617
+
618
+ <dl class="py method">
619
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.num_tetrahedra">
620
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">num_tetrahedra</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.num_tetrahedra" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
621
+ <dd><p>The number of tetrahedra for which we have Ptolemy coordinates.</p>
622
+ </dd></dl>
623
+
624
+ <dl class="py method">
625
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.number_field">
626
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">number_field</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.number_field" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
627
+ <dd><p>For an exact solution, return the number_field spanned by the
628
+ Ptolemy coordinates. If number_field is Q, return None.</p>
629
+ </dd></dl>
630
+
631
+ <dl class="py method">
632
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.numerical">
633
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">numerical</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.numerical" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
634
+ <dd><p>Turn exact solutions into numerical solutions using pari.</p>
635
+ <p>Take an exact solution:</p>
636
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy.ptolemy.processMagmaFile</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">_magma_output_for_4_1__sl3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">solutions_from_magma</span>
637
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">solutions</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solutions_from_magma</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_magma_output_for_4_1__sl3</span><span class="p">)</span>
638
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">solution</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solutions</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span>
639
+ </pre></div>
640
+ </div>
641
+ <p>Turn into a numerical solution:</p>
642
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">old_precision</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pari</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_real_precision</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># with high precision</span>
643
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">numerical_solutions</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solution</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">numerical</span><span class="p">()</span>
644
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">pari</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_real_precision</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">old_precision</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># reset pari engine</span>
645
+ <span class="go">100</span>
646
+ </pre></div>
647
+ </div>
648
+ <p>Pick one of the Galois conjugates:</p>
649
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">numerical_solution</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">numerical_solutions</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
650
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">value</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">numerical_solution</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;c_1110_0&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
651
+ </pre></div>
652
+ </div>
653
+ </dd></dl>
654
+
655
+ <dl class="py method">
656
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.ratio_coordinate">
657
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ratio_coordinate</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tet</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">pt</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.ratio_coordinate" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
658
+ <dd><p>Returns the ratio coordinate for tetrahedron with index tet
659
+ for the edge from v0 to v1 (integers between 0 and 3) and integral
660
+ point pt (quadruple adding up N-1) on the edge.</p>
661
+ <p>See Definition 10.2:
662
+ Garoufalidis, Goerner, Zickert:
663
+ Gluing Equations for PGL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
664
+ <a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711">https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711</a></p>
665
+ <p>Note that this definition turned out to have the wrong sign. Multiply
666
+ the result by -1 if v1 &lt; v0 and N is even.</p>
667
+ </dd></dl>
668
+
669
+ <dl class="py method">
670
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.short_edge">
671
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">short_edge</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tet</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v2</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.short_edge" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
672
+ <dd><p>Returns the identity. This is because we can think of the matrices
673
+ given by Ptolemy coordinates of living on truncated simplices which
674
+ can be though of as doubly truncated simplices where all short edges
675
+ are collapsed, hence labeled by the identity.</p>
676
+ <p>See equation 10.4 in
677
+ Garoufalidis, Goerner, Zickert:
678
+ Gluing Equations for PGL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
679
+ <a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711">https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711</a></p>
680
+ </dd></dl>
681
+
682
+ <dl class="py method">
683
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.to_PUR">
684
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">to_PUR</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.to_PUR" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
685
+ <dd><p>If any Ptolemy coordinates are given as Rational Univariate
686
+ Representation, convert them to Polynomial Univariate Representation and
687
+ return the result.</p>
688
+ <p>See to_PUR of RUR.</p>
689
+ <p>This conversion might lead to very large coefficients.</p>
690
+ </dd></dl>
691
+
692
+ <dl class="py method">
693
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.volume_numerical">
694
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">volume_numerical</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">drop_negative_vols</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.PtolemyCoordinates.volume_numerical" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
695
+ <dd><p>Turn into (Galois conjugate) numerical solutions and compute volumes.
696
+ If already numerical, only return the one volume.
697
+ See numerical().</p>
698
+ <p>If drop_negative_vols = True is given as optional argument,
699
+ only return non-negative volumes.</p>
700
+ </dd></dl>
701
+
702
+ </dd></dl>
703
+
704
+ </section>
705
+ <section id="crossratios">
706
+ <h2>CrossRatios<a class="headerlink" href="#crossratios" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
707
+ <dl class="py class">
708
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios">
709
+ <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CrossRatios</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">d</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">is_numerical</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">True</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">manifold_thunk</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
710
+ <dd><p>Represents assigned shape parameters/cross ratios as
711
+ dictionary. The cross ratios are according to SnapPy convention, so we
712
+ have:</p>
713
+ <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">z</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">zp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">zp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">zpp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">zpp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">z</span>
714
+ </pre></div>
715
+ </div>
716
+ <p>where:</p>
717
+ <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">z</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">at</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">edge</span> <span class="mi">01</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">equal</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">s0</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">s1</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_1010</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_0101</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_1001</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_0110</span><span class="p">)</span>
718
+ <span class="n">zp</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">at</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">edge</span> <span class="mi">02</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">equal</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">s0</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">s2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_1001</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_0110</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_1100</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_0011</span><span class="p">)</span>
719
+ <span class="n">zpp</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">at</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">edge</span> <span class="mi">03</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">equal</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">s0</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">s3</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_1100</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_0011</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_0101</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">c_1010</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span>
720
+ </pre></div>
721
+ </div>
722
+ <p>Note that this is different from the convention used in
723
+ Garoufalidis, Goerner, Zickert:
724
+ Gluing Equations for PGL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
725
+ <a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711">https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711</a></p>
726
+ <dl class="py method">
727
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.N">
728
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">N</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.N" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
729
+ <dd><p>Get the N such that these cross ratios are for
730
+ SL/PSL(N,C)-representations.</p>
731
+ </dd></dl>
732
+
733
+ <dl class="py method">
734
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.check_against_manifold">
735
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">check_against_manifold</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">M</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">epsilon</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.check_against_manifold" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
736
+ <dd><p>Checks that the given solution really is a solution to the PGL(N,C) gluing
737
+ equations of a manifold. Usage similar to check_against_manifold of
738
+ PtolemyCoordinates. See help(ptolemy.PtolemtyCoordinates) for example.</p>
739
+ <p>=== Arguments ===</p>
740
+ <p>M — manifold to check this for
741
+ epsilon — maximal allowed error when checking the relations, use
742
+ None for exact comparison.</p>
743
+ </dd></dl>
744
+
745
+ <dl class="py method">
746
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.evaluate_word">
747
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">evaluate_word</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">word</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">G</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.evaluate_word" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
748
+ <dd><p>Given a word in the generators of the fundamental group,
749
+ compute the corresponding matrix. By default, these are the
750
+ generators of the unsimplified presentation of the fundamental
751
+ group. An optional SnapPy fundamental group can be given if the
752
+ words are in generators of a different presentation, e.g.,
753
+ c.evaluate_word(word, M.fundamental_group(True)) to
754
+ evaluate a word in the simplified presentation returned by
755
+ M.fundamental_group(True).</p>
756
+ <p>For now, the matrix is returned as list of lists.</p>
757
+ </dd></dl>
758
+
759
+ <dl class="py method">
760
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.from_snappy_manifold">
761
+ <em class="property"><span class="pre">static</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">from_snappy_manifold</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">M</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">dec_prec</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">bits_prec</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">intervals</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.from_snappy_manifold" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
762
+ <dd><p>Constructs an assignment of shape parameters/cross ratios using
763
+ the tetrahehdra_shapes method of a given SnapPy manifold. The optional
764
+ parameters are the same as that of tetrahedra_shapes.</p>
765
+ </dd></dl>
766
+
767
+ <dl class="py method">
768
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.get_manifold">
769
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_manifold</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.get_manifold" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
770
+ <dd><p>Get the manifold for which this structure represents a solution
771
+ to the gluing equations.</p>
772
+ </dd></dl>
773
+
774
+ <dl class="py method">
775
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.induced_representation">
776
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">induced_representation</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">N</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.induced_representation" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
777
+ <dd><p>Given a PSL(2,C) representation constructs the induced representation
778
+ for the given N.
779
+ The induced representation is in SL(N,C) if N is odd and
780
+ SL(N,C) / {+1,-1} if N is even and is described in the Introduction of
781
+ Garoufalidis, Thurston, Zickert
782
+ The Complex Volume of SL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
783
+ <a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1111.2828">https://arxiv.org/abs/1111.2828</a></p>
784
+ <p>There is a canonical group homomorphism SL(2,C)-&gt;SL(N,C) coming from
785
+ the the natural SL(2,C)-action on the vector space Sym^{N-1}(C^2).
786
+ This homomorphisms decends to a homomorphism from PSL(2,C) if one
787
+ divides the right side by {+1,-1} when N is even.
788
+ Composing a representation with this homomorphism gives the induced
789
+ representation.</p>
790
+ </dd></dl>
791
+
792
+ <dl class="py method">
793
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.is_geometric">
794
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">is_geometric</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">epsilon</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1e-06</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.is_geometric" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
795
+ <dd><p>Returns true if all shapes corresponding to this solution have positive
796
+ imaginary part.</p>
797
+ <p>If the solutions are exact, it returns true if one of the corresponding
798
+ numerical solutions is geometric.</p>
799
+ <p>An optional epsilon can be given. An imaginary part of a shape is
800
+ considered positive if it is larger than this epsilon.</p>
801
+ </dd></dl>
802
+
803
+ <dl class="py method">
804
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.is_induced_from_psl2">
805
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">is_induced_from_psl2</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">epsilon</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.is_induced_from_psl2" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
806
+ <dd><p>For each simplex and each edges, checks that all cross ratios of that
807
+ simplex that are parallel to that each are the same (maximal absolute
808
+ difference is the epsilon given as argument).
809
+ This means that the corresponding representation is induced by a
810
+ PSL(2,C) representation.</p>
811
+ </dd></dl>
812
+
813
+ <dl class="py method">
814
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.is_pu_2_1_representation">
815
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">is_pu_2_1_representation</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">epsilon</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">epsilon2</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.is_pu_2_1_representation" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
816
+ <dd><p>Returns True if the representation is also a
817
+ PU(2,1)-representation. This uses Proposition 3.5 and the
818
+ remark following that proposition in <a class="reference internal" href="#fkr2013" id="id1"><span>[FKR2013]</span></a>.</p>
819
+ <p>If a condition given in that Proposition is violated, the method returns
820
+ an object whose Boolean value is still False and that indicates which condition
821
+ was violated. Thus, this method can still be used in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">if</span></code> statements.</p>
822
+ <p>The method tests the following complex equalities and inequalities:</p>
823
+ <ul class="simple">
824
+ <li><p>the three complex equations given in (3.5.1) of <a class="reference internal" href="#fkr2013" id="id2"><span>[FKR2013]</span></a>.</p></li>
825
+ <li><p>the inequality z<sub>ijl</sub> <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\\not=\)</span> -1.</p></li>
826
+ </ul>
827
+ <p><strong>Remark:</strong> It does not check whether all z<sub>ij</sub> * z<sub>ji</sub> are real or
828
+ not as these are still valid CR configurations, see the remark following
829
+ Proposition 3.5.</p>
830
+ <p>The user has to supply an epsilon: an equality/inequality is considered
831
+ to be true if and only if the absolute value | LHS - RHS | of difference between the
832
+ left and right hand side is less/greater than epsilon.</p>
833
+ <p>The user can supply another parameter, epsilon2. If any | LHS - RHS | is in
834
+ the interval [epsilon, epsilon2], this method fails with an exception
835
+ as the value of | LHS - RHS | is an ambiguous interval where
836
+ it is unclear whether inequality fails to hold because it truly does
837
+ hold or just because of numerical noise.</p>
838
+ </dd></dl>
839
+
840
+ <dl class="py method">
841
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.is_real">
842
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">is_real</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">epsilon</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.is_real" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
843
+ <dd><p>Returns True if all cross ratios are real (have absolute imaginary
844
+ part &lt; epsilon where epsilon is given as argument).
845
+ This means that the corresponding representation is in PSL(N,R).</p>
846
+ </dd></dl>
847
+
848
+ <dl class="py method">
849
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.long_edge">
850
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">long_edge</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tet</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v2</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.long_edge" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
851
+ <dd><p>The matrix that labels a long edge starting at vertex (v0, v1, v2)
852
+ of a doubly truncated simplex corresponding to the ideal tetrahedron
853
+ with index tet.</p>
854
+ <p>This matrix was labeled alpha^{v0v1v2} in Figure 18 of
855
+ Garoufalidis, Goerner, Zickert:
856
+ Gluing Equations for PGL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
857
+ <a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711">https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711</a></p>
858
+ <p>It is computed using equation 10.22.</p>
859
+ <p>The resulting matrix is given as a python list of lists.</p>
860
+ </dd></dl>
861
+
862
+ <dl class="py method">
863
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.middle_edge">
864
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">middle_edge</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tet</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v2</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.middle_edge" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
865
+ <dd><p>The matrix that labels a middle edge starting at vertex (v0, v1, v2)
866
+ of a doubly truncated simplex corresponding to the ideal tetrahedron
867
+ with index tet.</p>
868
+ <p>This matrix was labeled beta^{v0v1v2} in Figure 18 of
869
+ Garoufalidis, Goerner, Zickert:
870
+ Gluing Equations for PGL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
871
+ <a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711">https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711</a></p>
872
+ <p>It is computed using equation 10.22.</p>
873
+ <p>The resulting matrix is given as a python list of lists.</p>
874
+ </dd></dl>
875
+
876
+ <dl class="py method">
877
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.multiply_and_simplify_terms_in_RUR">
878
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">multiply_and_simplify_terms_in_RUR</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.multiply_and_simplify_terms_in_RUR" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
879
+ <dd><p>If a cross ratio is given as Rational Univariate Representation
880
+ with numerator and denominator being a product, multiply the terms,
881
+ reduce the fraction and return the result.</p>
882
+ <p>See multiply_and_simplify_terms of RUR.</p>
883
+ <p>This loses information about how the numerator and denominator are
884
+ factorised.</p>
885
+ </dd></dl>
886
+
887
+ <dl class="py method">
888
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.multiply_terms_in_RUR">
889
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">multiply_terms_in_RUR</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.multiply_terms_in_RUR" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
890
+ <dd><p>If a cross ratio is given as Rational Univariate Representation
891
+ with numerator and denominator being a product, multiply the terms and
892
+ return the result.</p>
893
+ <p>See multiply_terms of RUR.</p>
894
+ <p>This loses information about how the numerator and denominator are
895
+ factorised.</p>
896
+ </dd></dl>
897
+
898
+ <dl class="py method">
899
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.num_tetrahedra">
900
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">num_tetrahedra</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.num_tetrahedra" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
901
+ <dd><p>The number of tetrahedra for which we have cross ratios.</p>
902
+ </dd></dl>
903
+
904
+ <dl class="py method">
905
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.numerical">
906
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">numerical</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.numerical" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
907
+ <dd><p>Turn exact solutions into numerical solutions using pari. Similar to
908
+ numerical() of PtolemyCoordinates. See help(ptolemy.PtolemyCoordinates)
909
+ for example.</p>
910
+ </dd></dl>
911
+
912
+ <dl class="py method">
913
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.short_edge">
914
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">short_edge</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tet</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v1</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">v2</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.short_edge" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
915
+ <dd><p>The matrix that labels a long edge starting at vertex (v0, v1, v2)
916
+ of a doubly truncated simplex corresponding to the ideal tetrahedron
917
+ with index tet.</p>
918
+ <p>This matrix was labeled gamma^{v0v1v2} in Figure 18 of
919
+ Garoufalidis, Goerner, Zickert:
920
+ Gluing Equations for PGL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
921
+ <a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711">https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711</a></p>
922
+ <p>It is computed using equation 10.22.</p>
923
+ <p>The resulting matrix is given as a python list of lists.</p>
924
+ </dd></dl>
925
+
926
+ <dl class="py method">
927
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.to_PUR">
928
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">to_PUR</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.to_PUR" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
929
+ <dd><p>If any Ptolemy coordinates are given as Rational Univariate
930
+ Representation, convert them to Polynomial Univariate Representation and
931
+ return the result.</p>
932
+ <p>See to_PUR of RUR.</p>
933
+ <p>This conversion might lead to very large coefficients.</p>
934
+ </dd></dl>
935
+
936
+ <dl class="py method">
937
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.volume_numerical">
938
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">volume_numerical</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">drop_negative_vols</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.volume_numerical" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
939
+ <dd><p>Turn into (Galois conjugate) numerical solutions and compute volumes.
940
+ If already numerical, only compute the one volume.
941
+ See numerical().</p>
942
+ <p>If drop_negative_vols = True is given as optional argument,
943
+ only return non-negative volumes.</p>
944
+ </dd></dl>
945
+
946
+ <dl class="py method">
947
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.x_coordinate">
948
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">x_coordinate</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">tet</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">pt</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.CrossRatios.x_coordinate" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
949
+ <dd><p>Returns the X-coordinate for the tetrahedron with index tet
950
+ at the point pt (quadruple of integers adding up to N).</p>
951
+ <p>See Definition 10.9:
952
+ Garoufalidis, Goerner, Zickert:
953
+ Gluing Equations for PGL(n,C)-Representations of 3-Manifolds
954
+ <a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711">https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6711</a></p>
955
+ </dd></dl>
956
+
957
+ </dd></dl>
958
+
959
+ </section>
960
+ <section id="flattenings">
961
+ <h2>Flattenings<a class="headerlink" href="#flattenings" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
962
+ <dl class="py class">
963
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings">
964
+ <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Flattenings</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">d</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">manifold_thunk=&lt;function</span> <span class="pre">Flattenings.&lt;lambda&gt;&gt;</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">evenN=2</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
965
+ <dd><p>Represents a flattening assigned to each edge of a simplex as dictionary.</p>
966
+ <p>We assign to each pair of parallel edges of each simplex a triple (w, z, p)
967
+ such that:</p>
968
+ <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">w</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">z</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">pi</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">N</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">where</span> <span class="n">N</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">fixed</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">even</span><span class="o">.</span>
969
+ </pre></div>
970
+ </div>
971
+ <p>For N = 2, the three triples belonging to a simplex form a combinatorial
972
+ flattening (w0, w1, w2) as defined in Definition 3.1 in
973
+ Walter D. Neumann, Extended Bloch group and the Cheeger-Chern-Simons class
974
+ <a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/math.GT/0307092">https://arxiv.org/abs/math.GT/0307092</a></p>
975
+ <p>For N &gt; 2, the three triples form a generalized combinatorial flattening
976
+ (w0, w1, w2) that gives an element in the generalized Extended Bloch group
977
+ which is the Extended Bloch group corresponding to the Riemann surface
978
+ given by:</p>
979
+ <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">u1</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="o">^</span><span class="n">w0</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">u2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="o">^</span><span class="n">w1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
980
+ </pre></div>
981
+ </div>
982
+ <p>where u1^N = u2^N = 1.</p>
983
+ <p>A representation in SL(n,C) and SL(n,C)/{+1,-1} with n even gives an element
984
+ in the generalized Extended Bloch group for N = 2.
985
+ A representation in PSL(n,C) with n even in the group for N = n.
986
+ A representation in PSL(n,C) with n odd in the group for N = 2 * n.</p>
987
+ <p>This work has not been published yet.</p>
988
+ <p>If f is a flattening, then in the notation of Neumann, the value of:</p>
989
+ <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;z_xxxx_y&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">z</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="p">)</span>
990
+ <span class="n">f</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;zp_xxxx_y&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">z</span><span class="s1">&#39;, q)</span>
991
+ <span class="n">f</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;zpp_xxxx_y&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">z</span><span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">r</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span>
992
+ </pre></div>
993
+ </div>
994
+ <dl class="py method">
995
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.N">
996
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">N</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.N" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
997
+ <dd><p>Get the N such that these cross ratios are for
998
+ SL/PSL(N,C)-representations.</p>
999
+ </dd></dl>
1000
+
1001
+ <dl class="py method">
1002
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.check_against_manifold">
1003
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">check_against_manifold</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">M</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">epsilon</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">1e-10</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.check_against_manifold" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
1004
+ <dd><p>Checks that the flattening really is a solution to the logarithmic
1005
+ PGL(N,C) gluing equations of a manifold. Usage similar to
1006
+ check_against_manifold of Ptolemy Coordinates, see
1007
+ help(ptolemy.Coordinates) for similar examples.</p>
1008
+ <p>=== Arguments ===</p>
1009
+ <p>M — manifold to check this for
1010
+ epsilon — maximal allowed error when checking the equations</p>
1011
+ </dd></dl>
1012
+
1013
+ <dl class="py method">
1014
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.complex_volume">
1015
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">complex_volume</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">with_modulo</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.complex_volume" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
1016
+ <dd><p>Compute complex volume. The complex volume is defined only up to
1017
+ some multiple of m where m = i * pi**2/6 for PSL(2,C) and SL(N,C)
1018
+ and m = i * pi**2/18 for PSL(3,C).</p>
1019
+ <p>When called with with_modulo = True, gives a pair
1020
+ (volume, m)</p>
1021
+ </dd></dl>
1022
+
1023
+ <dl class="py method">
1024
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.from_tetrahedra_shapes_of_manifold">
1025
+ <em class="property"><span class="pre">classmethod</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">from_tetrahedra_shapes_of_manifold</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">M</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.from_tetrahedra_shapes_of_manifold" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
1026
+ <dd><p>Takes as argument a manifold and produces (weak) flattenings using
1027
+ the tetrahedra_shapes of the manifold M.</p>
1028
+ <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span>
1029
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">M</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;5_2&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
1030
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">flattenings</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Flattenings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">from_tetrahedra_shapes_of_manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="p">)</span>
1031
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">flattenings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">check_against_manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="p">)</span>
1032
+ <span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">flattenings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">check_against_manifold</span><span class="p">()</span>
1033
+ </pre></div>
1034
+ </div>
1035
+ </dd></dl>
1036
+
1037
+ <dl class="py method">
1038
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.get_manifold">
1039
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_manifold</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.get_manifold" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
1040
+ <dd><p>Get the manifold for which this structure represents a flattening.</p>
1041
+ </dd></dl>
1042
+
1043
+ <dl class="py method">
1044
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.get_order">
1045
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_order</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.get_order" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
1046
+ <dd><p>Returns the number N. This flattening represents an element in the
1047
+ generalized Extended Bloch group for the Riemann surface given by
1048
+ u1 * e^w0 + u2 * e^w1 = 1 where u1^N = u2^N = 1.</p>
1049
+ </dd></dl>
1050
+
1051
+ <dl class="py method">
1052
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.get_zpq_triple">
1053
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_zpq_triple</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">key_z</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.get_zpq_triple" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
1054
+ <dd><p>Gives a flattening as triple [z;p,q] representing an element
1055
+ in the generalized Extended Bloch group similar to the way the
1056
+ triple [z;p,q] is used in Lemma 3.2 in
1057
+ Walter D. Neumann, Extended Bloch group and the Cheeger-Chern-Simons class
1058
+ <a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/math.GT/0307092">https://arxiv.org/abs/math.GT/0307092</a></p>
1059
+ </dd></dl>
1060
+
1061
+ <dl class="py method">
1062
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.num_tetrahedra">
1063
+ <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">num_tetrahedra</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.coordinates.Flattenings.num_tetrahedra" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
1064
+ <dd><p>The number of tetrahedra for which we have cross ratios.</p>
1065
+ </dd></dl>
1066
+
1067
+ </dd></dl>
1068
+
1069
+ </section>
1070
+ <section id="nonzerodimensionalcomponent">
1071
+ <h2>NonZeroDimensionalComponent<a class="headerlink" href="#nonzerodimensionalcomponent" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
1072
+ <dl class="py class">
1073
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.component.NonZeroDimensionalComponent">
1074
+ <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.ptolemy.component.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">NonZeroDimensionalComponent</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">witnesses</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">[]</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">dimension</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'unknown'</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">free_variables</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">genus</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">p</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.component.NonZeroDimensionalComponent" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
1075
+ <dd><p>Represents a non-zero dimensional component in the
1076
+ Ptolemy variety. It is a list that can hold points sampled from that
1077
+ component (witnesses).</p>
1078
+ </dd></dl>
1079
+
1080
+ </section>
1081
+ <section id="other-functions">
1082
+ <h2>Other functions<a class="headerlink" href="#other-functions" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
1083
+ <dl class="py function">
1084
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.solutions_from_magma">
1085
+ <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.ptolemy.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">solutions_from_magma</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">output</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">numerical</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.solutions_from_magma" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
1086
+ <dd><p>Obsolete, use processFileDispatch.parse_solutions instead.</p>
1087
+ <p>Assumes the given string is the output of a magma computation, parses
1088
+ it and returns a list of solutions.
1089
+ A non-zero dimensional component of the variety is reported as
1090
+ NonZeroDimensionalComponent.</p>
1091
+ </dd></dl>
1092
+
1093
+ <dl class="py function">
1094
+ <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.ptolemy.solutions_from_magma_file">
1095
+ <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.ptolemy.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">solutions_from_magma_file</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">filename</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">numerical</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.ptolemy.solutions_from_magma_file" title="Link to this definition"></a></dt>
1096
+ <dd><p>Obsolete, use processFileDispatch.parse_solutions_from_file instead.</p>
1097
+ <p>Reads the output from a magma computation from the file with the given
1098
+ filename and returns a list of solutions. Also see solutions_from_magma.
1099
+ A non-zero dimensional component of the variety is reported as
1100
+ NonZeroDimensionalComponent.</p>
1101
+ </dd></dl>
1102
+
1103
+ <div role="list" class="citation-list">
1104
+ <div class="citation" id="fkr2013" role="doc-biblioentry">
1105
+ <span class="label"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>FKR2013<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></span>
1106
+ <span class="backrefs">(<a role="doc-backlink" href="#id1">1</a>,<a role="doc-backlink" href="#id2">2</a>)</span>
1107
+ <p>Falbel, Koseleff, Rouillier: Representations of Fundamental Groups of 3-Manifolds into PGL(3,C): Exact Computations in Low Complexity, <a class="reference external" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1307.6697">http://arxiv.org/abs/1307.6697</a></p>
1108
+ </div>
1109
+ </div>
1110
+ </section>
1111
+ </section>
1112
+
1113
+
1114
+ </div>
1115
+ </div>
1116
+ <footer><div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="Footer">
1117
+ <a href="ptolemy_examples4.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-left" title="Step-by-step examples: Part 4" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left" aria-hidden="true"></span> Previous</a>
1118
+ <a href="news.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="News" accesskey="n" rel="next">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></a>
1119
+ </div>
1120
+
1121
+ <hr/>
1122
+
1123
+ <div role="contentinfo">
1124
+ <p>&#169; Copyright 2009-2025, by Marc Culler, Nathan Dunfield, Matthias Goerner, Jeffrey Weeks and others.</p>
1125
+ </div>
1126
+
1127
+ Built with <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> using a
1128
+ <a href="https://github.com/readthedocs/sphinx_rtd_theme">theme</a>
1129
+ provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>.
1130
+
1131
+
1132
+ </footer>
1133
+ </div>
1134
+ </div>
1135
+ </section>
1136
+ </div>
1137
+ <script>
1138
+ jQuery(function () {
1139
+ SphinxRtdTheme.Navigation.enable(true);
1140
+ });
1141
+ </script>
1142
+
1143
+ </body>
1147
1144
  </html>