relationalai 0.13.0.dev0__py3-none-any.whl → 0.13.2__py3-none-any.whl

relationalai/semantics/metamodel/rewrite/flatten.py

@@ -0,0 +1,554 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import cast, Optional, TypeVar
+from typing import Tuple
+
+from relationalai.semantics.metamodel import builtins, ir, factory as f, helpers
+from relationalai.semantics.metamodel.compiler import Pass, group_tasks
+from relationalai.semantics.metamodel.util import NameCache, OrderedSet, ordered_set
+from relationalai.semantics.metamodel import dependency
+from relationalai.semantics.metamodel.typer.typer import to_type
+
+class Flatten(Pass):
+    """
+    Traverses the model's root to flatten it as much as possible. The result of this pass is
+    a Logical root where all nested tasks that represent a rule in Rel are extracted to the
+    top level.
+
+    - nested logical with updates becomes a top-level logical (a rule)
+
+    From:
+        Logical
+            Logical
+                lookup1   <- scope is spread
+                Logical
+                    lookup2
+                    derive foo
+                Logical
+                    lookup3
+                    derive bar
+    To:
+        Logical
+            Logical
+                lookup1
+                lookup2
+                derive foo
+            Logical
+                lookup1
+                lookup3
+                derive bar
+
+    - nested logical with aggregates becomes a top-level logical (a rule representing an aggregation)
+
+    From:
+        Logical
+            Logical
+                lookup1
+                Logical
+                    lookup2
+                    aggregate1
+                Logical
+                    lookup3
+                    aggregate2
+                output
+    To:
+        Logical
+            Logical
+                lookup1
+                lookup2
+                aggregate1
+                derive tmp1
+            Logical
+                lookup1
+                lookup3
+                aggregate2
+                derive tmp2
+            Logical
+                lookup1
+                lookup tmp1
+                lookup tmp2
+                output
+
+    - a union becomes a top-level logical for each branch, writing into a temporary relation,
+    and a lookup from that relation.
+
+    From:
+        Logical
+            Logical
+                Union
+                    Logical
+                        lookup1
+                    Logical
+                        lookup2
+                output
+    To:
+        Logical
+            Logical
+                lookup1
+                derive tmp1
+            Logical
+                lookup2
+                derive tmp1
+            Logical
+                lookup tmp1
+                output
+
+    - a match becomes a top-level logical for each branch, each writing into its own temporary
+    relation and a lookup from the last relation. The top-level logical for a branch derives
+    into the temporary relation negating the previous branch:
+
+    From:
+        Logical
+            Logical
+                Match
+                    Logical
+                        lookup1
+                    Logical
+                        lookup2
+                output
+    To:
+        Logical
+            Logical
+                lookup1
+                derive tmp1
+            Logical
+                Union            <- tmp1() or (not temp1() and lookup2())
+                    lookup tmp1
+                    Logical
+                        Not
+                            lookup tmp1
+                        lookup2
+                        derive tmp2
+            Logical
+                lookup tmp2
+                output
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, use_sql: bool=False):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.name_cache = NameCache(start_from_one=True)
+        self._use_sql = use_sql
+
+
+    #--------------------------------------------------
+    # Public API
+    #--------------------------------------------------
+    def rewrite(self, model: ir.Model, options:dict={}) -> ir.Model:
+        # create the context
+        ctx = Flatten.Context(model, options)
+
+        # rewrite the root
+        result = self.handle(model.root, ctx)
+
+        # the new body contains the extracted top level logicals and maybe the rewritten root
+        body = ctx.rewrite_ctx.top_level if result.replacement is None else ctx.rewrite_ctx.top_level + [result.replacement]
+
+        # create the new model, updating relations and root
+        return ir.Model(
+            model.engines,
+            OrderedSet.from_iterable(model.relations).update(ctx.rewrite_ctx.relations).frozen(),
+            model.types,
+            ir.Logical(model.root.engine, tuple(), tuple(body))
+        )
+
+    #--------------------------------------------------
+    # IR handlers
+    #--------------------------------------------------
+
+    class Context():
+        def __init__(self, model: ir.Model, options: dict):
+            self.rewrite_ctx = helpers.RewriteContext()
+            self.info = dependency.analyze(model.root)
+            self.options = options
+            # when we extract a nested logical (due to agg, match, union, etc), we also
+            # extract together its dependencies, and we leave behind a different nested
+            # logical as a reference, with a lookup to the extracted relation. This dict
+            # keeps a map from the reference logical id to the set of tasks that where
+            # extracted for it. This is used to optimize the resulting code, since we can
+            # assume that the reference logical already includes those tasks.
+            self.included: dict[int, OrderedSet[ir.Task]] = dict()
+            # These are extra tasks to be added to the body of a logical when it is
+            # extracted as a top-level logical. For example, when handling a match, we add
+            # a couple of tasks here in case the branches have updates or aggregations that
+            # cause the branch to be extracted, so that they include these tasks.
+            self.extra_tasks = []
+
+
+    @dataclass
+    class HandleResult():
+        replacement: Optional[ir.Task]
+
+    def handle(self, task: ir.Task, ctx: Context) -> Flatten.HandleResult:
+        if isinstance(task, ir.Logical):
+            return self.handle_logical(task, ctx)
+        elif isinstance(task, ir.Union) and (task.hoisted or self._use_sql):
+            # Only flatten Unions which hoist variables. If there are no hoisted variables,
+            # then the Union acts as a filter, and it can be inefficient to flatten it.
+            #
+            # However, for the SQL backend, we always need to flatten Unions for correct SQL
+            # generation.
+            return self.handle_union(task, ctx)
+        elif isinstance(task, ir.Match):
+            return self.handle_match(task, ctx)
+        elif isinstance(task, ir.Require):
+            return self.handle_require(task, ctx)
+        elif isinstance(task, ir.Not):
+            return self.handle_not(task, ctx)
+        else:
+            return Flatten.HandleResult(task)
+
+
+    def handle_logical(self, task: ir.Logical, ctx: Context):
+        # keep track of what's the result of handling nested composites
+        composites = group_tasks(task.body, {
+            "composites": helpers.COMPOSITES
+        })["composites"]
+        all_composites_removed = len(composites) > 0
+
+        # recursively handle children, collecting the replacements in the body
+        body:OrderedSet[ir.Task] = ordered_set()
+        for child in task.body:
+            result = self.handle(child, ctx)
+            if result.replacement is not None:
+                ctx.info.replaced(child, result.replacement)
+                extend_body(body, result.replacement)
+                # nested composite was not completely removed
+                if child in composites:
+                    all_composites_removed = False
+
+        # Filter out empty logicals from the body
+        new_body:OrderedSet[ir.Task] = ordered_set()
+        for b in body:
+            if isinstance(b, ir.Logical):
+                if not b.body:
+                    # empty logical, skip
+                    continue
+            new_body.add(b)
+
+        body = new_body
+
+        # all children were extracted or all composites were removed without any effects
+        # left and no outputs (so no way for outer dependencies), drop this logical
+        if not body or (all_composites_removed and not any([isinstance(t, helpers.EFFECTS) for t in body]) and not ctx.info.task_outputs(task)):
+            return Flatten.HandleResult(None)
+
+        # now process the rewritten body
+        groups = group_tasks(body.get_list(), {
+            "outputs": ir.Output,
+            "updates": ir.Update,
+            "aggregates": ir.Aggregate,
+            "ranks": ir.Rank,
+        })
+
+        # If there are outputs, flatten each into its own top-level rule, along with its
+        # dependencies.
+        if groups["outputs"]:
+            if self._use_sql:
+                ctx.rewrite_ctx.top_level.append(ir.Logical(task.engine, task.hoisted, tuple(body), task.annotations))
+                return Flatten.HandleResult(None)
+
+            # Analyze the dependencies in the newly rewritten body
+            new_logical = ir.Logical(task.engine, task.hoisted, tuple(body))
+            info = dependency.analyze(new_logical)
+
+            for output in groups["outputs"]:
+                assert(isinstance(output, ir.Output))
+                new_body = info.task_dependencies(output)
+                new_body.update(ctx.extra_tasks)
+                new_body.add(output)
+                ctx.rewrite_ctx.top_level.append(ir.Logical(task.engine, task.hoisted, tuple(new_body), task.annotations))
+
+            return Flatten.HandleResult(None)
+
+        # if there are updates, extract as a new top level rule
+        if groups["updates"]:
+            # add task dependencies to the body
+            body.prefix(ctx.info.task_dependencies(task))
+            # potentially add context extra tasks
+            body.update(ctx.extra_tasks)
+            ctx.rewrite_ctx.top_level.append(ir.Logical(task.engine, task.hoisted, tuple(body), task.annotations))
+            return Flatten.HandleResult(None)
+
+        if groups["aggregates"]:
+            if len(groups["aggregates"]) > 1:
+                # stop rewritting as we don't know how to handle this yet
+                return Flatten.HandleResult(task)
+
+            # there must be only one
+            agg = cast(ir.Aggregate, groups["aggregates"].some())
+
+            # add agg dependencies to the body
+            body.prefix(ctx.info.task_dependencies(agg))
+
+            # extract a new logical for the aggregate, exposing aggregate group-by and results
+            exposed_vars = OrderedSet.from_iterable(list(agg.group) + helpers.aggregate_outputs(agg))
+            name = helpers.create_task_name(self.name_cache, agg)
+            connection = helpers.extract(agg, body, exposed_vars.get_list(), ctx.rewrite_ctx, name)
+
+            # return a reference to the connection relation
+            reference = f.logical([f.lookup(connection, exposed_vars.get_list())], task.hoisted)
+            return Flatten.HandleResult(reference)
+
+        if groups["ranks"]:
+            if len(groups["ranks"]) > 1:
+                # stop rewritting as we don't know how to handle this yet
+                return Flatten.HandleResult(task)
+
+            # there must be only one
+            rank = cast(ir.Rank, groups["ranks"].some())
+
+            # add rank dependencies to the body
+            body.prefix(ctx.info.task_dependencies(rank))
+            # for rank, we sort by the args, but the result includes the keys to preserve bag semantics.
+            exposed_vars_raw = list(rank.projection) + list(rank.group) + list(rank.args) +[rank.result]
+            # deduplicate vars
+            exposed_vars = OrderedSet.from_iterable(exposed_vars_raw)
+            name = helpers.create_task_name(self.name_cache, rank)
+            connection = helpers.extract(rank, body, exposed_vars.get_list(), ctx.rewrite_ctx, name)
+
+            # return a reference to the connection relation
+            reference = f.logical([f.lookup(connection, exposed_vars.get_list())], task.hoisted)
+            ctx.included[reference.id] = body
+            return Flatten.HandleResult(reference)
+
+        return Flatten.HandleResult(ir.Logical(task.engine, task.hoisted, tuple(body)))
+
+
+    def handle_match(self, match: ir.Match, ctx: Context):
+        # TODO: how to deal with malformed input like this?
+        if not match.tasks:
+            return Flatten.HandleResult(match)
+
+        body = ctx.info.task_dependencies(match)
+        exposed_vars = self.compute_exposed_vars(match, match.tasks, ctx)
+
+        # negation len is the number of wildcards when negating a reference
+        outputs = ctx.info.task_outputs(match)
+        negation_len = len(outputs) if outputs else 0
+
+        # collect the references to branch rules so that we union in the end
+        references = []
+
+        # a negated reference to the previous branch (e.g. "not branch1(...)")
+        negated_reference = None
+
+        # number of negated references currently in context (e.g. in the 3rd branch there
+        # will be 2 negated references, "not branch1(...) and not branch2(...)")
+        negated_references = 0
+        for branch in match.tasks:
+            # if there's a previous connection, add the negation of it to extra tasks
+            if negated_reference:
+                ctx.extra_tasks.append(negated_reference)
+                negated_references += 1
+
+            # the connection relation to be used for this branch
+            name = helpers.create_task_name(self.name_cache, branch, "_match")
+            relation = helpers.create_connection_relation(branch, exposed_vars, ctx.rewrite_ctx, name)
+            branch_update = f.derive(relation, exposed_vars)
+            ctx.extra_tasks.append(branch_update)
+
+            # handle the branch
+            result = self.handle(branch, ctx)
+
+            # if there's no replacement, the branch was already extracted (e.g. by an update),
+            # otherwise, we need to extract the branch as a rule writing into the connection
+            if result.replacement:
+                ctx.info.replaced(branch, result.replacement)
+
+                branch_body: OrderedSet[ir.Task] = OrderedSet.from_iterable(body)
+                extend_body(branch_body, result.replacement)
+                # potentially add context extra tasks (negations of previous branches + derive into this branch)
+                branch_body.update(ctx.extra_tasks)
+                # extract the body
+                ctx.rewrite_ctx.top_level.append(ir.Logical(match.engine, tuple(), tuple(branch_body)))
+
+            # cleanup the branch update from context (but keep the negations)
+            ctx.extra_tasks.pop()
+
+            # record a reference to the branch connection and adjust the negated_reference
+            reference = f.lookup(relation, exposed_vars)
+            negated_reference = negate(reference, negation_len)
+            references.append(reference)
+
+        # we accumulate negations, in the end we remove them all
+        for x in range(negated_references):
+            ctx.extra_tasks.pop()
+
+        # return a union of the references to the branches
+        return Flatten.HandleResult(f.union(references, match.hoisted))
+
+
+    def handle_union(self, union: ir.Union, ctx: Context):
+        # TODO: how to deal with malformed input like this?
+        if not union.tasks:
+            return Flatten.HandleResult(union)
+
+        body = ctx.info.task_dependencies(union)
+        exposed_vars = self.compute_exposed_vars(union, union.tasks, ctx)
+
+        name = helpers.create_task_name(self.name_cache, union)
+        relation = helpers.create_connection_relation(union, exposed_vars, ctx.rewrite_ctx, name)
+        for branch in union.tasks:
+
+            # add an update to the context in case the branch is extracted
+            branch_update = f.derive(relation, exposed_vars)
+            ctx.extra_tasks.append(branch_update)
+
+            # handle the branch
+            result = self.handle(branch, ctx)
+
+            # cleanup the branch update from context
+            ctx.extra_tasks.pop()
+
+            # if there's no replacement, the branch was already extracted (e.g. by an update),
+            # otherwise, we need to extract the branch as a rule writing into the connection
+            if result.replacement:
+                # the branch has some replacement, we have to extract it as a top-level rule
+                ctx.info.replaced(branch, result.replacement)
+                branch_body: OrderedSet[ir.Task] = OrderedSet.from_iterable(body)
+                extend_body(branch_body, result.replacement)
+                branch_body.add(branch_update)
+                # extract the body
+                ctx.rewrite_ctx.top_level.append(ir.Logical(union.engine, tuple(), tuple(branch_body)))
+
+        # return a reference to the connection relation
+        reference = f.logical([f.lookup(relation, exposed_vars)], exposed_vars)
+        return Flatten.HandleResult(reference)
+
+
+    def compute_exposed_vars(self, task: ir.Task, branches: Tuple[ir.Task, ...], ctx: Context) -> list:
+        """ Helper to compute the set of exposed vars for handle_match and handle_union. """
+        exposed_vars = set_union(ctx.info.task_inputs(task), ctx.info.task_outputs(task))
+        if exposed_vars:
+            return exposed_vars
+        # no exposed vars, so we try to use the common vars across all branches as context
+        common_vars = helpers.collect_vars(branches[0])
+        for branch in branches:
+            branch_vars = helpers.collect_vars(branch)
+            for v in common_vars:
+                if v not in branch_vars:
+                    common_vars.remove(v)
+        # TODO - we should raise an error here if the set is empty
+        return common_vars.get_list()
+
+
+    def handle_require(self, req: ir.Require, ctx: Context):
+        # only extract the domain if it is a somewhat complex Logical and there's more than
+        # one check, otherwise insert it straight into all checks
+        if builtins.discharged_annotation in req.annotations:
+            # remove discharged Requires
+            return Flatten.HandleResult(None)
+        elif builtins.declare_constraint_annotation in req.annotations:
+            # leave Requires that are declared constraints
+            return Flatten.HandleResult(req)
+        else:
+            # generate logic for remaining requires
+            domain = req.domain
+            if len(req.checks) > 1 and isinstance(domain, ir.Logical) and len(domain.body) > 1:
+                body = OrderedSet.from_iterable(domain.body)
+                vars = helpers.hoisted_vars(domain.hoisted)
+                name = helpers.create_task_name(self.name_cache, req)
+                connection = helpers.extract(req, body, vars, ctx.rewrite_ctx, name)
+                domain = f.logical([f.lookup(connection, vars)], vars)
+
+            for check in req.checks:
+                # only generate logic for checks that have errors and not discharged
+                if check.error and builtins.discharged_annotation not in check.annotations:
+                    handled_check_result = self.handle(check.check, ctx)
+                    if handled_check_result.replacement:
+                        body = ordered_set()
+                        body.add(domain)
+                        body.add(ir.Not(req.engine, handled_check_result.replacement))
+                        if (isinstance(check.error, ir.Logical)):
+                            body.update(check.error.body)
+                        else:
+                            # this is more general but may trip the current splinter
+                            body.add(check.error)
+                        ctx.rewrite_ctx.top_level.append(ir.Logical(req.engine, tuple(), tuple(body)))
+
+        # currently we just drop the Require, but we should keep it here and link the
+        # extracted logicals to it
+        return Flatten.HandleResult(None)
+
+
+    def handle_not(self, task: ir.Not, ctx: Context):
+        # handle the sub-task of the Not
+        result = self.handle(task.task, ctx)
+        # there must be a replacement
+        assert(result.replacement)
+
+        # if the sub-task was really not replaced, just return the task, otherwise a new Not
+        if result.replacement is task.task:
+            return Flatten.HandleResult(task)
+        else:
+            return Flatten.HandleResult(ir.Not(
+                task.engine,
+                result.replacement,
+                task.annotations
+            ))
+
+#--------------------------------------------------
+# Helpers
+#--------------------------------------------------
+
+T = TypeVar('T')
+def set_union(s1: Optional[OrderedSet[T]], s2: Optional[OrderedSet[T]]) -> list:
+    """ Return the union of s1 | s2, accounting for when any is None. """
+    if s1 and s2:
+        return (s1 | s2).get_list()
+    if s1:
+        return s1.get_list()
+    if s2:
+        return s2.get_list()
+    return []
+
+def negate(lookup: ir.Lookup, values: int):
+    """
+    Return a negation of this reference, where the last `values` arguments are to
+    be replaced by wildcards (i.e. len(reference.args) - values are keys so they need
+    to be bound in the Not.)
+    """
+    args = []
+    i = 0
+    last = len(lookup.args) - values
+    for arg in lookup.args:
+        args.append(f.wild(to_type(arg))) if i >= last else args.append(arg)
+        i += 1
+
+    return ir.Not(lookup.engine, f.lookup(lookup.relation, args))
+
+def merge_var_list(vars: list[ir.Var], hoisted: tuple[ir.VarOrDefault, ...]) -> list[ir.VarOrDefault]:
+    """ Merge vars and hoisted, making sure that hoisted vars have precedence since they may have defaults. """
+    r = []
+    hoisted_vars = helpers.hoisted_vars(hoisted)
+    for v in vars:
+        if v not in hoisted_vars:
+            r.append(v)
+    r.extend(hoisted)
+    return r
+
+def extend_body(body: OrderedSet[ir.Task], extra: ir.Task):
+    """ Add the extra task to the body, but if the extra is a simple logical, just
+    inline its subtasks. """
+    if isinstance(extra, ir.Logical):
+        if extra.hoisted:
+            # hoists, remove things that are already in the body to avoid duplicates
+            logical_body = []
+            for t in extra.body:
+                if t not in body:
+                    logical_body.append(t)
+            if len(logical_body) == len(extra.body):
+                # no duplicates
+                body.add(extra)
+            else:
+                # some duplicate, remove them
+                body.add(ir.Logical(
+                    extra.engine,
+                    extra.hoisted,
+                    tuple(logical_body)
+                ))
+        else:
+            # no hoists, just inline
+            body.update(extra.body)
+    else:
+        body.add(extra)