qiskit 1.3.0__cp39-abi3-win32.whl

qiskit/circuit/library/standard_gates/multi_control_rotation_gates.py

@@ -0,0 +1,405 @@
+# This code is part of Qiskit.
+#
+# (C) Copyright IBM 2018, 2019.
+#
+# This code is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. You may
+# obtain a copy of this license in the LICENSE.txt file in the root directory
+# of this source tree or at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
+#
+# Any modifications or derivative works of this code must retain this
+# copyright notice, and modified files need to carry a notice indicating
+# that they have been altered from the originals.
+"""
+Multiple-Controlled U3 gate. Not using ancillary qubits.
+"""
+
+from math import pi
+import math
+from typing import Optional, Union, Tuple, List
+import numpy as np
+
+from qiskit.circuit import QuantumCircuit, QuantumRegister, Qubit, ParameterExpression
+from qiskit.circuit.library.standard_gates.x import MCXGate
+from qiskit.circuit.library.standard_gates.u3 import _generate_gray_code
+from qiskit.circuit.parameterexpression import ParameterValueType
+from qiskit.exceptions import QiskitError
+
+
+def _apply_cu(circuit, theta, phi, lam, control, target, use_basis_gates=True):
+    if use_basis_gates:
+        # pylint: disable=cyclic-import
+        #          ┌──────────────┐
+        # control: ┤ P(λ/2 + φ/2) ├──■──────────────────────────────────■────────────────
+        #          ├──────────────┤┌─┴─┐┌────────────────────────────┐┌─┴─┐┌────────────┐
+        #  target: ┤ P(λ/2 - φ/2) ├┤ X ├┤ U(-0.5*0,0,-0.5*λ - 0.5*φ) ├┤ X ├┤ U(0/2,φ,0) ├
+        #          └──────────────┘└───┘└────────────────────────────┘└───┘└────────────┘
+        circuit.p((lam + phi) / 2, [control])
+        circuit.p((lam - phi) / 2, [target])
+        circuit.cx(control, target)
+        circuit.u(-theta / 2, 0, -(phi + lam) / 2, [target])
+        circuit.cx(control, target)
+        circuit.u(theta / 2, phi, 0, [target])
+    else:
+        circuit.cu(theta, phi, lam, 0, control, target)
+
+
+def _apply_mcu_graycode(circuit, theta, phi, lam, ctls, tgt, use_basis_gates):
+    """Apply multi-controlled u gate from ctls to tgt using graycode
+    pattern with single-step angles theta, phi, lam."""
+
+    n = len(ctls)
+
+    gray_code = _generate_gray_code(n)
+    last_pattern = None
+
+    for pattern in gray_code:
+        if "1" not in pattern:
+            continue
+        if last_pattern is None:
+            last_pattern = pattern
+        # find left most set bit
+        lm_pos = list(pattern).index("1")
+
+        # find changed bit
+        comp = [i != j for i, j in zip(pattern, last_pattern)]
+        if True in comp:
+            pos = comp.index(True)
+        else:
+            pos = None
+        if pos is not None:
+            if pos != lm_pos:
+                circuit.cx(ctls[pos], ctls[lm_pos])
+            else:
+                indices = [i for i, x in enumerate(pattern) if x == "1"]
+                for idx in indices[1:]:
+                    circuit.cx(ctls[idx], ctls[lm_pos])
+        # check parity and undo rotation
+        if pattern.count("1") % 2 == 0:
+            # inverse CU: u(theta, phi, lamb)^dagger = u(-theta, -lam, -phi)
+            _apply_cu(
+                circuit, -theta, -lam, -phi, ctls[lm_pos], tgt, use_basis_gates=use_basis_gates
+            )
+        else:
+            _apply_cu(circuit, theta, phi, lam, ctls[lm_pos], tgt, use_basis_gates=use_basis_gates)
+        last_pattern = pattern
+
+
+def _mcsu2_real_diagonal(
+    unitary: np.ndarray,
+    num_controls: int,
+    ctrl_state: Optional[str] = None,
+    use_basis_gates: bool = False,
+) -> QuantumCircuit:
+    """
+    Return a multi-controlled SU(2) gate [1]_ with a real main diagonal or secondary diagonal.
+
+    Args:
+        unitary: SU(2) unitary matrix with one real diagonal.
+        num_controls: The number of control qubits.
+        ctrl_state: The state on which the SU(2) operation is controlled. Defaults to all
+            control qubits being in state 1.
+        use_basis_gates: If ``True``, use ``[p, u, cx]`` gates to implement the decomposition.
+
+    Returns:
+        A :class:`.QuantumCircuit` implementing the multi-controlled SU(2) gate.
+
+    Raises:
+        QiskitError: If the input matrix is invalid.
+
+    References:
+
+        .. [1]: R. Vale et al. Decomposition of Multi-controlled Special Unitary Single-Qubit Gates
+            `arXiv:2302.06377 (2023) <https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.06377>`__
+
+    """
+    # pylint: disable=cyclic-import
+    from .x import MCXVChain
+    from qiskit.circuit.library.generalized_gates import UnitaryGate
+    from qiskit.quantum_info.operators.predicates import is_unitary_matrix
+    from qiskit.compiler import transpile
+
+    if unitary.shape != (2, 2):
+        raise QiskitError(f"The unitary must be a 2x2 matrix, but has shape {unitary.shape}.")
+
+    if not is_unitary_matrix(unitary):
+        raise QiskitError(f"The unitary in must be an unitary matrix, but is {unitary}.")
+
+    if not np.isclose(1.0, np.linalg.det(unitary)):
+        raise QiskitError("Invalid Value _mcsu2_real_diagonal requires det(unitary) equal to one.")
+
+    is_main_diag_real = np.isclose(unitary[0, 0].imag, 0.0) and np.isclose(unitary[1, 1].imag, 0.0)
+    is_secondary_diag_real = np.isclose(unitary[0, 1].imag, 0.0) and np.isclose(
+        unitary[1, 0].imag, 0.0
+    )
+
+    if not is_main_diag_real and not is_secondary_diag_real:
+        raise QiskitError("The unitary must have one real diagonal.")
+
+    if is_secondary_diag_real:
+        x = unitary[0, 1]
+        z = unitary[1, 1]
+    else:
+        x = -unitary[0, 1].real
+        z = unitary[1, 1] - unitary[0, 1].imag * 1.0j
+
+    if np.isclose(z, -1):
+        s_op = [[1.0, 0.0], [0.0, 1.0j]]
+    else:
+        alpha_r = math.sqrt((math.sqrt((z.real + 1.0) / 2.0) + 1.0) / 2.0)
+        alpha_i = z.imag / (
+            2.0 * math.sqrt((z.real + 1.0) * (math.sqrt((z.real + 1.0) / 2.0) + 1.0))
+        )
+        alpha = alpha_r + 1.0j * alpha_i
+        beta = x / (2.0 * math.sqrt((z.real + 1.0) * (math.sqrt((z.real + 1.0) / 2.0) + 1.0)))
+
+        # S gate definition
+        s_op = np.array([[alpha, -np.conj(beta)], [beta, np.conj(alpha)]])
+
+    s_gate = UnitaryGate(s_op)
+
+    k_1 = math.ceil(num_controls / 2.0)
+    k_2 = math.floor(num_controls / 2.0)
+
+    ctrl_state_k_1 = None
+    ctrl_state_k_2 = None
+
+    if ctrl_state is not None:
+        str_ctrl_state = f"{ctrl_state:0{num_controls}b}"
+        ctrl_state_k_1 = str_ctrl_state[::-1][:k_1][::-1]
+        ctrl_state_k_2 = str_ctrl_state[::-1][k_1:][::-1]
+
+    circuit = QuantumCircuit(num_controls + 1, name="MCSU2")
+    controls = list(range(num_controls))  # control indices, defined for code legibility
+    target = num_controls  # target index, defined for code legibility
+
+    if not is_secondary_diag_real:
+        circuit.h(target)
+
+    mcx_1 = MCXVChain(num_ctrl_qubits=k_1, dirty_ancillas=True, ctrl_state=ctrl_state_k_1)
+    circuit.append(mcx_1, controls[:k_1] + [target] + controls[k_1 : 2 * k_1 - 2])
+    circuit.append(s_gate, [target])
+
+    mcx_2 = MCXVChain(
+        num_ctrl_qubits=k_2,
+        dirty_ancillas=True,
+        ctrl_state=ctrl_state_k_2,
+        # action_only=general_su2_optimization # Requires PR #9687
+    )
+    circuit.append(mcx_2.inverse(), controls[k_1:] + [target] + controls[k_1 - k_2 + 2 : k_1])
+    circuit.append(s_gate.inverse(), [target])
+
+    mcx_3 = MCXVChain(num_ctrl_qubits=k_1, dirty_ancillas=True, ctrl_state=ctrl_state_k_1)
+    circuit.append(mcx_3, controls[:k_1] + [target] + controls[k_1 : 2 * k_1 - 2])
+    circuit.append(s_gate, [target])
+
+    mcx_4 = MCXVChain(num_ctrl_qubits=k_2, dirty_ancillas=True, ctrl_state=ctrl_state_k_2)
+    circuit.append(mcx_4, controls[k_1:] + [target] + controls[k_1 - k_2 + 2 : k_1])
+    circuit.append(s_gate.inverse(), [target])
+
+    if not is_secondary_diag_real:
+        circuit.h(target)
+
+    if use_basis_gates:
+        circuit = transpile(circuit, basis_gates=["p", "u", "cx"], qubits_initially_zero=False)
+
+    return circuit
+
+
+def mcrx(
+    self,
+    theta: ParameterValueType,
+    q_controls: Union[QuantumRegister, List[Qubit]],
+    q_target: Qubit,
+    use_basis_gates: bool = False,
+):
+    """
+    Apply Multiple-Controlled X rotation gate
+
+    Args:
+        self (QuantumCircuit): The QuantumCircuit object to apply the mcrx gate on.
+        theta (float): angle theta
+        q_controls (QuantumRegister or list(Qubit)): The list of control qubits
+        q_target (Qubit): The target qubit
+        use_basis_gates (bool): use p, u, cx
+
+    Raises:
+        QiskitError: parameter errors
+    """
+    from .rx import RXGate
+
+    control_qubits = self._qbit_argument_conversion(q_controls)
+    target_qubit = self._qbit_argument_conversion(q_target)
+    if len(target_qubit) != 1:
+        raise QiskitError("The mcrz gate needs a single qubit as target.")
+    all_qubits = control_qubits + target_qubit
+    target_qubit = target_qubit[0]
+    self._check_dups(all_qubits)
+
+    n_c = len(control_qubits)
+    if n_c == 1:  # cu
+        _apply_cu(
+            self,
+            theta,
+            -pi / 2,
+            pi / 2,
+            control_qubits[0],
+            target_qubit,
+            use_basis_gates=use_basis_gates,
+        )
+    elif n_c < 4:
+        theta_step = theta * (1 / (2 ** (n_c - 1)))
+        _apply_mcu_graycode(
+            self,
+            theta_step,
+            -pi / 2,
+            pi / 2,
+            control_qubits,
+            target_qubit,
+            use_basis_gates=use_basis_gates,
+        )
+    else:
+        if isinstance(theta, ParameterExpression):
+            raise QiskitError(f"Cannot synthesize MCRX with unbound parameter: {theta}.")
+
+        cgate = _mcsu2_real_diagonal(
+            RXGate(theta).to_matrix(),
+            num_controls=len(control_qubits),
+            use_basis_gates=use_basis_gates,
+        )
+        self.compose(cgate, control_qubits + [target_qubit], inplace=True)
+
+
+def mcry(
+    self,
+    theta: ParameterValueType,
+    q_controls: Union[QuantumRegister, List[Qubit]],
+    q_target: Qubit,
+    q_ancillae: Optional[Union[QuantumRegister, Tuple[QuantumRegister, int]]] = None,
+    mode: Optional[str] = None,
+    use_basis_gates: bool = False,
+):
+    """
+    Apply Multiple-Controlled Y rotation gate
+
+    Args:
+        self (QuantumCircuit): The QuantumCircuit object to apply the mcry gate on.
+        theta (float): angle theta
+        q_controls (list(Qubit)): The list of control qubits
+        q_target (Qubit): The target qubit
+        q_ancillae (QuantumRegister or tuple(QuantumRegister, int)): The list of ancillary qubits.
+        mode (string): The implementation mode to use
+        use_basis_gates (bool): use p, u, cx
+
+    Raises:
+        QiskitError: parameter errors
+    """
+    from .ry import RYGate
+
+    control_qubits = self._qbit_argument_conversion(q_controls)
+    target_qubit = self._qbit_argument_conversion(q_target)
+    if len(target_qubit) != 1:
+        raise QiskitError("The mcrz gate needs a single qubit as target.")
+    ancillary_qubits = [] if q_ancillae is None else self._qbit_argument_conversion(q_ancillae)
+    all_qubits = control_qubits + target_qubit + ancillary_qubits
+    target_qubit = target_qubit[0]
+    self._check_dups(all_qubits)
+
+    # auto-select the best mode
+    if mode is None:
+        # if enough ancillary qubits are provided, use the 'v-chain' method
+        additional_vchain = MCXGate.get_num_ancilla_qubits(len(control_qubits), "v-chain")
+        if len(ancillary_qubits) >= additional_vchain:
+            mode = "basic"
+        else:
+            mode = "noancilla"
+
+    if mode == "basic":
+        self.ry(theta / 2, q_target)
+        self.mcx(q_controls, q_target, q_ancillae, mode="v-chain")
+        self.ry(-theta / 2, q_target)
+        self.mcx(q_controls, q_target, q_ancillae, mode="v-chain")
+    elif mode == "noancilla":
+        n_c = len(control_qubits)
+        if n_c == 1:  # cu
+            _apply_cu(
+                self, theta, 0, 0, control_qubits[0], target_qubit, use_basis_gates=use_basis_gates
+            )
+        elif n_c < 4:
+            theta_step = theta * (1 / (2 ** (n_c - 1)))
+            _apply_mcu_graycode(
+                self,
+                theta_step,
+                0,
+                0,
+                control_qubits,
+                target_qubit,
+                use_basis_gates=use_basis_gates,
+            )
+        else:
+            if isinstance(theta, ParameterExpression):
+                raise QiskitError(f"Cannot synthesize MCRY with unbound parameter: {theta}.")
+
+            cgate = _mcsu2_real_diagonal(
+                RYGate(theta).to_matrix(),
+                num_controls=len(control_qubits),
+                use_basis_gates=use_basis_gates,
+            )
+            self.compose(cgate, control_qubits + [target_qubit], inplace=True)
+    else:
+        raise QiskitError(f"Unrecognized mode for building MCRY circuit: {mode}.")
+
+
+def mcrz(
+    self,
+    lam: ParameterValueType,
+    q_controls: Union[QuantumRegister, List[Qubit]],
+    q_target: Qubit,
+    use_basis_gates: bool = False,
+):
+    """
+    Apply Multiple-Controlled Z rotation gate
+
+    Args:
+        self (QuantumCircuit): The QuantumCircuit object to apply the mcrz gate on.
+        lam (float): angle lambda
+        q_controls (list(Qubit)): The list of control qubits
+        q_target (Qubit): The target qubit
+        use_basis_gates (bool): use p, u, cx
+
+    Raises:
+        QiskitError: parameter errors
+    """
+    from .rz import CRZGate, RZGate
+
+    control_qubits = self._qbit_argument_conversion(q_controls)
+    target_qubit = self._qbit_argument_conversion(q_target)
+    if len(target_qubit) != 1:
+        raise QiskitError("The mcrz gate needs a single qubit as target.")
+    all_qubits = control_qubits + target_qubit
+    target_qubit = target_qubit[0]
+    self._check_dups(all_qubits)
+
+    n_c = len(control_qubits)
+    if n_c == 1:
+        if use_basis_gates:
+            self.u(0, 0, lam / 2, target_qubit)
+            self.cx(control_qubits[0], target_qubit)
+            self.u(0, 0, -lam / 2, target_qubit)
+            self.cx(control_qubits[0], target_qubit)
+        else:
+            self.append(CRZGate(lam), control_qubits + [target_qubit])
+    else:
+        if isinstance(lam, ParameterExpression):
+            raise QiskitError(f"Cannot synthesize MCRZ with unbound parameter: {lam}.")
+
+        cgate = _mcsu2_real_diagonal(
+            RZGate(lam).to_matrix(),
+            num_controls=len(control_qubits),
+            use_basis_gates=use_basis_gates,
+        )
+        self.compose(cgate, control_qubits + [target_qubit], inplace=True)
+
+
+QuantumCircuit.mcrx = mcrx
+QuantumCircuit.mcry = mcry
+QuantumCircuit.mcrz = mcrz