psychopy 2024.1.0__py3-none-any.whl

psychopy/visual/textbox2/textbox2.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1817 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#
+#  FreeType high-level python API - Copyright 2011-2015 Nicolas P. Rougier
+#  Distributed under the terms of the new BSD license.
+#
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+r"""
+TextBox2 provides a combination of features from TextStim and TextBox and then
+some more added:
+
+    - fast like TextBox (TextStim is pyglet-based and slow)
+    - provides for fonts that aren't monospaced (unlike TextBox)
+    - adds additional options to use <b>bold<\b>, <i>italic<\i>, <c=#ffffff>color</c> tags in text
+
+"""
+from ast import literal_eval
+
+import numpy as np
+from arabic_reshaper import ArabicReshaper
+from pyglet import gl
+from bidi import algorithm as bidi
+import re
+
+from ..aperture import Aperture
+from ..basevisual import (
+    BaseVisualStim, ColorMixin, ContainerMixin, WindowMixin, DraggingMixin
+)
+from psychopy.tools.attributetools import attributeSetter, setAttribute
+from psychopy.tools import mathtools as mt
+from psychopy.colors import Color
+from psychopy.tools.fontmanager import FontManager, GLFont
+from .. import shaders
+from ..rect import Rect
+from ... import core, alerts, layout
+
+from psychopy.tools.linebreak import get_breakable_points, break_units
+
+allFonts = FontManager()
+
+# compile global shader programs later (when we're certain a GL context exists)
+rgbShader = None
+alphaShader = None
+showWhiteSpace = False
+
+codes = {'BOLD_START': u'\uE100',
+         'BOLD_END': u'\uE101',
+         'ITAL_START': u'\uE102',
+         'ITAL_END': u'\uE103',
+         'COLOR_START': u'\uE104',
+         'COLOR_END': u'\uE105'}
+
+# Compile regex pattern for color matching once
+re_color_pattern = re.compile('<c=[^>]*>')
+_colorCache = {}
+
+wordBreaks = " -\n"  # what about ",."?
+
+
+END_OF_THIS_LINE = 983349843
+
+# Setting debug to True will make the sub-elements on TextBox2 to be outlined in red, making it easier to determine their position
+debug = False
+
+# If text is ". " we don't want to start next line with single space?
+
+
+class TextBox2(BaseVisualStim, DraggingMixin, ContainerMixin, ColorMixin):
+    def __init__(self, win, text,
+                 font="Open Sans",
+                 pos=(0, 0), units=None, letterHeight=None,
+                 size=None,
+                 color=(1.0, 1.0, 1.0), colorSpace='rgb',
+                 fillColor=None, fillColorSpace=None,
+                 borderWidth=2, borderColor=None, borderColorSpace=None,
+                 contrast=1,
+                 opacity=None,
+                 bold=False,
+                 italic=False,
+                 placeholder="Type here...",
+                 lineSpacing=None,
+                 letterSpacing=None,
+                 padding=None,  # gap between box and text
+                 speechPoint=None,
+                 anchor='center',
+                 alignment='left',
+                 flipHoriz=False,
+                 flipVert=False,
+                 languageStyle="LTR",
+                 editable=False,
+                 overflow="visible",
+                 lineBreaking='default',
+                 draggable=False,
+                 name='',
+                 autoLog=None,
+                 autoDraw=False,
+                 depth=0,
+                 onTextCallback=None):
+        """
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        win
+        text
+        font
+        pos
+        units
+        letterHeight
+        size : Specifying None gets the default size for this type of unit.
+            Specifying [None, None] gets a TextBox that's expandable in both
+            dimensions. Specifying [0.75, None] gets a textbox that expands in the
+            length but fixed at 0.75 units in the width
+        color
+        colorSpace
+        contrast
+        opacity
+        bold
+        italic
+        lineSpacing
+        padding
+        speechPoint : list, tuple, np.ndarray or None
+            Location of the end of a speech bubble tail on the textbox, in the same
+            units as this textbox. If the point sits within the textbox, the tail
+            will be inverted. Use `None` for no tail.
+        anchor
+        alignment
+        fillColor
+        borderWidth
+        borderColor
+        flipHoriz
+        flipVert
+        editable
+        lineBreaking: Specifying 'default', text will be broken at a set of
+            characters defined in the module. Specifying 'uax14', text will be
+            broken in accordance with UAX#14 (Unicode Line Breaking Algorithm).
+        draggable : bool
+            Can this stimulus be dragged by a mouse click?
+        name
+        autoLog
+        """
+
+        BaseVisualStim.__init__(self, win, units=units, name=name)
+        self.depth = depth
+        self.win = win
+        self.colorSpace = colorSpace
+        ColorMixin.foreColor.fset(self, color)  # Have to call the superclass directly on init as text has not been set
+        self.onTextCallback = onTextCallback
+        self.draggable = draggable
+
+        # Box around the whole textbox - drawn
+        self.box = Rect(
+            win,
+            units=self.units, pos=(0, 0), size=(0, 0),  # set later by self.size and self.pos
+            colorSpace=colorSpace, lineColor=borderColor, fillColor=fillColor,
+            lineWidth=borderWidth,
+            opacity=self.opacity,
+            autoLog=False,
+        )
+        # Aperture & scrollbar
+        self.container = None
+        self.scrollbar = None
+        # Box around just the content area, excluding padding - not drawn
+        self.contentBox = Rect(
+            win,
+            units=self.units, pos=(0, 0), size=(0, 0),  # set later by self.size and self.pos
+            colorSpace=colorSpace, lineColor='red', fillColor=None,
+            lineWidth=1, opacity=int(debug),
+            autoLog=False
+        )
+        # Box around current content, wrapped tight - not drawn
+        self.boundingBox = Rect(
+            win,
+            units='pix', pos=(0, 0), size=(0, 0),  # set later by self.size and self.pos
+            colorSpace=colorSpace, lineColor='blue', fillColor=None,
+            lineWidth=1, opacity=int(debug),
+            autoLog=False
+        )
+        # Sizing params
+        self.letterHeight = letterHeight
+        self.padding = padding
+        self.size = size
+        self.pos = pos
+
+        # self._pixLetterHeight helps get font size right but not final layout
+        if 'deg' in self.units:  # treat deg, degFlat or degFlatPos the same
+            scaleUnits = 'deg'  # scale units are just for font resolution
+        else:
+            scaleUnits = self.units
+        self._pixelScaling = self.letterHeightPix / self.letterHeight
+        self.bold = bold
+        self.italic = italic
+        self.glFont = None  # will be set by the self.font attribute setter
+        self.font = font
+        if lineSpacing is not None:
+            self.lineSpacing = lineSpacing
+        self.letterSpacing = letterSpacing
+        # If font not found, default to Open Sans Regular and raise alert
+        if not self.glFont:
+            alerts.alert(4325, self, {
+                'font': font,
+                'weight': 'bold' if self.bold is True else 'regular' if self.bold is False else self.bold,
+                'style': 'italic' if self.italic else '',
+                'name': self.name})
+            self.bold = False
+            self.italic = False
+            self.font = "Open Sans"
+
+        # once font is set up we can set the shader (depends on rgb/a of font)
+        if self.glFont.atlas.format == 'rgb':
+            global rgbShader
+            self.shader = rgbShader = shaders.Shader(
+                    shaders.vertSimple, shaders.fragTextBox2)
+        else:
+            global alphaShader
+            self.shader = alphaShader = shaders.Shader(
+                    shaders.vertSimple, shaders.fragTextBox2alpha)
+        self._needVertexUpdate = False  # this will be set True during layout
+
+        # standard stimulus params
+        self.pos = pos
+        self.ori = 0.0
+        # used at render time
+        self._lines = None  # np.array the line numbers for each char
+        self._colors = None
+        self._styles = None
+        self.flipHoriz = flipHoriz
+        self.flipVert = flipVert
+        # params about positioning (after layout has occurred)
+        self.anchor = anchor  # 'center', 'top_left', 'bottom-center'...
+        self.alignment = alignment
+
+        # box border and fill
+        self.borderWidth = borderWidth
+        self.borderColor = borderColor
+        self.fillColor = fillColor
+        self.contrast = contrast
+        self.opacity = opacity
+
+        # set linebraking option
+        if lineBreaking not in ('default', 'uax14'):
+            raise ValueError("Unknown lineBreaking option ({}) is"
+                "specified.".format(lineBreaking))
+        self._lineBreaking = lineBreaking
+        # then layout the text (setting text triggers _layout())
+        self.languageStyle = languageStyle
+        self._text = ''
+        self.text = self.startText = text if text is not None else ""
+
+        # Initialise arabic reshaper
+        arabic_config = {'delete_harakat': False,  # if present, retain any diacritics
+                         'shift_harakat_position': False}  # shift by 1 to be compatible with the bidi algorithm
+        self.arabicReshaper = ArabicReshaper(configuration=arabic_config)
+
+        # caret
+        self.editable = editable
+        self.overflow = overflow
+        self.caret = Caret(self, color=self.color, width=2)
+
+        # tail
+        self.speechPoint = speechPoint
+
+        # Placeholder text (don't create if this textbox IS the placeholder)
+        if not isinstance(self, PlaceholderText):
+            self._placeholder = PlaceholderText(self, placeholder)
+
+        self.autoDraw = autoDraw
+        self.autoLog = autoLog
+
+    def __copy__(self):
+        return TextBox2(
+            self.win, self.text, self.font,
+            pos=self.pos, units=self.units, letterHeight=self.letterHeight,
+            size=self.size,
+            color=self.color, colorSpace=self.colorSpace,
+            fillColor=self.fillColor,
+            borderWidth=self.borderWidth, borderColor=self.borderColor,
+            contrast=self.contrast,
+            opacity=self.opacity,
+            bold=self.bold,
+            italic=self.italic,
+            lineSpacing=self.lineSpacing,
+            padding=self.padding,  # gap between box and text
+            anchor=self.anchor,
+            alignment=self.alignment,
+            flipHoriz=self.flipHoriz,
+            flipVert=self.flipVert,
+            editable=self.editable,
+            lineBreaking=self._lineBreaking,
+            name=self.name,
+            autoLog=self.autoLog,
+            onTextCallback=self.onTextCallback
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def editable(self):
+        """Determines whether or not the TextBox2 instance can receive typed text"""
+        return self._editable
+    
+    @editable.setter
+    def editable(self, editable):
+        self._editable = editable
+        if editable is False:
+            if self.win:
+                self.win.removeEditable(self)
+        if editable is True:
+            if self.win:
+                self.win.addEditable(self)
+
+    @property
+    def palette(self):
+        """Describes the current visual properties of the TextBox in a dict"""
+        self._palette = {
+            False: {
+                'lineColor': self._borderColor,
+                'lineWidth': self.borderWidth,
+                'fillColor': self._fillColor
+            },
+            True: {
+                'lineColor': self._borderColor-0.1,
+                'lineWidth': self.borderWidth+1,
+                'fillColor': self._fillColor+0.1
+            }
+        }
+        return self._palette[self.hasFocus]
+
+    @palette.setter
+    def palette(self, value):
+        self._palette = {
+            False: value,
+            True: value
+        }
+
+    @property
+    def pallette(self):
+        """
+        Disambiguation for palette.
+        """
+        return self.palette
+
+    @pallette.setter
+    def pallette(self, value):
+        self.palette = value
+
+    @property
+    def foreColor(self):
+        return ColorMixin.foreColor.fget(self)
+    @foreColor.setter
+    def foreColor(self, value):
+        ColorMixin.foreColor.fset(self, value)
+        self._layout()
+        if hasattr(self, "foreColor") and hasattr(self, 'caret'):
+            self.caret.color = self._foreColor
+
+    @attributeSetter
+    def font(self, fontName, italic=False, bold=False):
+        if isinstance(fontName, GLFont):
+            self.glFont = fontName
+            self.__dict__['font'] = fontName.name
+        else:
+            self.__dict__['font'] = fontName
+            self.glFont = allFonts.getFont(
+                    fontName,
+                    size=self.letterHeightPix,
+                    bold=self.bold, italic=self.italic)
+
+    @attributeSetter
+    def overflow(self, value):
+        if 'overflow' in self.__dict__ and value == self.__dict__['overflow']:
+            return
+        self.__dict__['overflow'] = value
+        self.container = None
+        self.scrollbar = None
+        if value in ("hidden", "scroll"):
+            # If needed, create Aperture
+            self.container = Aperture(
+                self.win, inverted=False,
+                size=self.contentBox.size, pos=self.contentBox.pos, anchor=self.anchor,
+                shape='square', units=self.units,
+                autoLog=False
+            )
+            self.container.disable()
+        if value in ("scroll",):
+            # If needed, create Slider
+            from ..slider import Slider  # Slider contains textboxes, so only import now
+            self.scrollbar = Slider(
+                self.win,
+                ticks=(-1, 1),
+                labels=None,
+                startValue=1,
+                pos=self.pos + (self.size[0] * 1.05 / 2, 0),
+                size=self.size * (0.05, 1 / 1.2),
+                units=self.units,
+                style='scrollbar',
+                granularity=0,
+                labelColor=None,
+                markerColor=self.color,
+                lineColor=self.fillColor,
+                colorSpace=self.colorSpace,
+                opacity=self.opacity,
+                autoLog=False
+            )
+
+    @property
+    def units(self):
+        return WindowMixin.units.fget(self)
+
+    @units.setter
+    def units(self, value):
+        if hasattr(self, "_placeholder"):
+            self._placeholder.units = value
+        WindowMixin.units.fset(self, value)
+        if hasattr(self, "box"):
+            self.box.units = value
+        if hasattr(self, "contentBox"):
+            self.contentBox.units = value
+        if hasattr(self, "caret"):
+            self.caret.units = value
+
+    @property
+    def size(self):
+        """The (requested) size of the TextBox (w,h) in whatever units the stimulus is using
+
+        This determines the outer extent of the area.
+
+        If the width is set to None then the text will continue extending and not wrap.
+        If the height is set to None then the text will continue to grow downwards as needed.
+        """
+        return WindowMixin.size.fget(self)
+
+    @size.setter
+    def size(self, value):
+        if hasattr(self, "_placeholder"):
+            self._placeholder.size = value
+        WindowMixin.size.fset(self, value)
+        if hasattr(self, "box"):
+            self.box.size = self._size
+        if hasattr(self, "contentBox"):
+            self.contentBox.size = self._size - self._padding * 2
+        # Refresh pos
+        self.pos = self.pos
+
+    @property
+    def pos(self):
+        """The position of the center of the TextBox in the stimulus
+        :ref:`units <units>`
+
+        `value` should be an :ref:`x,y-pair <attrib-xy>`.
+        :ref:`Operations <attrib-operations>` are also supported.
+
+        Example::
+
+            stim.pos = (0.5, 0)  # Set slightly to the right of center
+            stim.pos += (0.5, -1)  # Increment pos rightwards and upwards.
+                Is now (1.0, -1.0)
+            stim.pos *= 0.2  # Move stim towards the center.
+                Is now (0.2, -0.2)
+
+        Tip: If you need the position of stim in pixels, you can obtain
+        it like this:
+
+            myTextbox._pos.pix
+        """
+        return WindowMixin.pos.fget(self)
+
+    @pos.setter
+    def pos(self, value):
+        WindowMixin.pos.fset(self, value)
+        if hasattr(self, "box"):
+            self.box.size = self._pos
+        if hasattr(self, "contentBox"):
+            # Content box should be anchored center relative to box, but its pos needs to be relative to box's vertices, not its pos
+            self.contentBox.pos = self.pos + self.size * self.box._vertices.anchorAdjust
+            self.contentBox._needVertexUpdate = True
+        if hasattr(self, "_placeholder"):
+            self._placeholder.pos = self._pos
+        # Set caret pos again so it recalculates its vertices
+        if hasattr(self, "caret"):
+            self.caret.index = self.caret.index
+
+        if hasattr(self, "_text"):
+            self._layout()
+        self._needVertexUpdate = True
+
+    @property
+    def vertices(self):
+        return WindowMixin.vertices.fget(self)
+
+    @vertices.setter
+    def vertices(self, value):
+        # If None, use defaut
+        if value is None:
+            value = [
+                [0.5, -0.5],
+                [-0.5, -0.5],
+                [-0.5, 0.5],
+                [0.5, 0.5],
+            ]
+        # Create Vertices object
+        self._vertices = layout.Vertices(value, obj=self.contentBox, flip=self.flip)
+
+    @attributeSetter
+    def speechPoint(self, value):
+        self.__dict__['speechPoint'] = value
+        # Match box size to own size
+        self.box.size = self.size
+
+        # No tail if value is None
+        if value is None:
+            self.box.vertices = [
+                [0.5, -0.5],
+                [-0.5, -0.5],
+                [-0.5, 0.5],
+                [0.5, 0.5],
+            ]
+            return
+
+        # Normalize point to vertex units
+        _point = layout.Vertices(
+            [[1, 1]], obj=self
+        )
+        _point.setas([value], self.units)
+        point = _point.base[0]
+        # Square with snap points and tail point
+        verts = [
+            # Top right -> Bottom right
+            [0.5, 0.5],
+            [0.5, 0.3],
+            [0.5, 0.1],
+            [0.5, -0.1],
+            [0.5, -0.3],
+            # Bottom right -> Bottom left
+            [0.5, -0.5],
+            [0.3, -0.5],
+            [0.1, -0.5],
+            [-0.1, -0.5],
+            [-0.3, -0.5],
+            # Bottom left -> Top left
+            [-0.5, -0.5],
+            [-0.5, -0.3],
+            [-0.5, -0.1],
+            [-0.5, 0.1],
+            [-0.5, 0.3],
+            # Top left -> Top right
+            [-0.5, 0.5],
+            [-0.3, 0.5],
+            [-0.1, 0.5],
+            [0.1, 0.5],
+            [0.3, 0.5],
+            # Tail
+            point
+        ]
+        # Sort clockwise so tail point moves to correct place in vertices order
+        verts = mt.sortClockwise(verts)
+        verts.reverse()
+        # Assign vertices
+        self.box.vertices = verts
+
+    def setSpeechPoint(self, value, log=None):
+        setAttribute(self, 'speechPoint', value, log)
+
+    @property
+    def padding(self):
+        if hasattr(self, "_padding"):
+            return getattr(self._padding, self.units)
+
+    @padding.setter
+    def padding(self, value):
+        # Substitute None for a default value
+        if value is None:
+            value = self.letterHeight / 2
+        # Create a Size object to handle padding
+        self._padding = layout.Size(value, self.units, self.win)
+        # Update size of bounding box
+        if hasattr(self, "contentBox") and hasattr(self, "_size"):
+            self.contentBox.size = self._size - self._padding * 2
+
+    @property
+    def letterHeight(self):
+        if hasattr(self, "_letterHeight"):
+            return getattr(self._letterHeight, self.units)[1]
+
+    @letterHeight.setter
+    def letterHeight(self, value):
+        # Cascade to placeholder
+        if hasattr(self, "_placeholder"):
+            self._placeholder.letterHeight = value
+        if isinstance(value, layout.Vector):
+            # If given a Vector, use it directly
+            self._letterHeight = value
+        elif isinstance(value, (int, float)):
+            # If given an integer, convert it to a 2D Vector with width 0
+            self._letterHeight = layout.Size([0, value], units=self.units, win=self.win)
+        elif value is None:
+            # If None, use default (20px)
+            self._letterHeight = layout.Size([0, 20], units='pix', win=self.win)
+        elif isinstance(value, (list, tuple, np.ndarray)):
+            # If given an array, convert it to a Vector
+            self._letterHeight = layout.Size(value, units=self.units, win=self.win)
+
+    def setLetterHeight(self, value, log=None):
+        setAttribute(
+            self, "letterHeight", value=value, log=log
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def letterHeightPix(self):
+        """
+        Convenience function to get self._letterHeight.pix and be guaranteed a return that is a single integer
+        """
+        return self._letterHeight.pix[1]
+
+    @property
+    def lineSpacing(self):
+        if hasattr(self.glFont, "lineSpacing"):
+            return self.glFont.lineSpacing
+
+    @lineSpacing.setter
+    def lineSpacing(self, value):
+        if hasattr(self, "_placeholder"):
+            self._placeholder.lineSpacing = value
+        if hasattr(self.glFont, "lineSpacing"):
+            self.glFont.lineSpacing = value
+        self._needVertexUpdate = True
+
+    @attributeSetter
+    def letterSpacing(self, value):
+        """
+        Distance between letters, relative to the current font's default. Set as None or 1
+        to use font default unchanged.
+        """
+        # Default is 1
+        if value is None:
+            value = 1
+        # Set
+        self.__dict__['letterSpacing'] = value
+        # If text has been set, layout
+        if hasattr(self, "_text"):
+            self._layout()
+
+    @property
+    def fontMGR(self):
+        return allFonts
+
+    @fontMGR.setter
+    def fontMGR(self, mgr):
+        global allFonts
+        if isinstance(mgr, FontManager):
+            allFonts = mgr
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(f"Could not set font manager for TextBox2 object `{self.name}`, must be supplied with a FontManager object")
+
+    @property
+    def languageStyle(self):
+        """
+        How is text laid out? Left to right (LTR), right to left (RTL) or using Arabic layout rules?
+        """
+        if hasattr(self, "_languageStyle"):
+            return self._languageStyle
+
+    @languageStyle.setter
+    def languageStyle(self, value):
+        self._languageStyle = value
+        if hasattr(self, "_placeholder"):
+            self._placeholder.languageStyle = value
+        # If layout is anything other than LTR, mark that we need to use bidi to lay it out
+        self._needsBidi = value != "LTR"
+        self._needsArabic = value.lower() == "arabic"
+
+    @property
+    def anchor(self):
+        return self.box.anchor
+
+    @anchor.setter
+    def anchor(self, anchor):
+        # Box should use this anchor
+        self.box.anchor = anchor
+        # Set pos again to update sub-element vertices
+        self.pos = self.pos
+
+    @property
+    def alignment(self):
+        if hasattr(self, "_alignX") and hasattr(self, "_alignY"):
+            return (self._alignX, self._alignY)
+        else:
+            return ("top", "left")
+
+    @alignment.setter
+    def alignment(self, alignment):
+        if hasattr(self, "_placeholder"):
+            self._placeholder.alignment = alignment
+        # look for unambiguous terms first (top, bottom, left, right)
+        self._alignY = None
+        self._alignX = None
+        if 'top' in alignment:
+            self._alignY = 'top'
+        elif 'bottom' in alignment:
+            self._alignY = 'bottom'
+        if 'right' in alignment:
+            self._alignX = 'right'
+        elif 'left' in alignment:
+            self._alignX = 'left'
+        # then 'center' can apply to either axis that isn't already set
+        if self._alignX is None:
+            self._alignX = 'center'
+        if self._alignY is None:
+            self._alignY = 'center'
+
+        self._needVertexUpdate = True
+        if hasattr(self, "_text"):
+            # If text has been set, layout
+            self._layout()
+
+    @property
+    def text(self):
+        return self._styles.formatted_text
+    
+    @text.setter
+    def text(self, text):
+        # Convert to string
+        text = str(text)
+        original_text = text
+        # Substitute HTML tags
+        text = text.replace('<i>', codes['ITAL_START'])
+        text = text.replace('</i>', codes['ITAL_END'])
+        text = text.replace('<b>', codes['BOLD_START'])
+        text = text.replace('</b>', codes['BOLD_END'])
+        text = text.replace('</c>', codes['COLOR_END'])
+
+        # Handle starting color tag
+        colorMatches = re.findall(re_color_pattern, text)
+        # Only execute if color codes are found to save a regex call
+        if len(colorMatches) > 0:
+            text = re.sub(re_color_pattern, codes['COLOR_START'], text)
+        # Interpret colors from tags
+        color_values = []
+        for match in colorMatches:
+            # Strip C tag
+            matchKey = match.replace("<c=", "").replace(">", "")
+            # Convert to arrays as needed
+            try:
+                matchVal = literal_eval(matchKey)
+            except (ValueError, SyntaxError):
+                # If eval fails, use value as is
+                matchVal = matchKey
+            # Retrieve/cache color
+            if matchKey not in _colorCache:
+                _colorCache[matchKey] = Color(matchVal, self.colorSpace)
+                if not _colorCache[matchKey].valid:
+                    raise ValueError(f"Could not interpret color value for `{matchKey}` in textbox.")
+            color_values.append(_colorCache[matchKey].render('rgba1'))
+
+        visible_text = ''.join([c for c in text if c not in codes.values()])
+        self._styles = Style(len(visible_text))
+        self._styles.formatted_text = original_text
+        self._text = visible_text
+        if self._needsArabic and hasattr(self, "arabicReshaper"):
+            self._text = self.arabicReshaper.reshape(self._text)
+        if self._needsBidi:
+            self._text = bidi.get_display(self._text)
+
+        color_iter = 0       # iterator for color_values list
+        current_color = [()] # keeps track of color style(s)
+        is_bold = False
+        is_italic = False
+        ci = 0
+        for c in text:
+            if c == codes['ITAL_START']:
+                is_italic = True
+            elif c == codes['BOLD_START']:
+                is_bold = True
+            elif c == codes['COLOR_START']:
+                current_color.append(color_values[color_iter])
+                color_iter += 1
+            elif c == codes['ITAL_END']:
+                is_italic = False
+            elif c == codes['BOLD_END']:
+                is_bold = False
+            elif c == codes['COLOR_END']:
+                current_color.pop()
+            else:
+                self._styles.c[ci] = current_color[-1]
+                self._styles.i[ci] = is_italic
+                self._styles.b[ci] = is_bold
+                ci += 1
+
+        self._layout()
+
+    def addCharAtCaret(self, char):
+        """Allows a character to be added programmatically at the current caret"""
+        txt = self._text
+        txt = txt[:self.caret.index] + char + txt[self.caret.index:]
+        cstyle = Style(1)
+        if len(self._styles) and self.caret.index <= len(self._styles):
+            cstyle = self._styles[self.caret.index-1]
+        self._styles.insert(self.caret.index, cstyle)
+        self.caret.index += 1
+        self.text = txt
+        self._layout()
+
+    def deleteCaretLeft(self):
+        """Deletes 1 character to the left of the caret"""
+        if self.caret.index > 0:
+            txt = self._text
+            ci = self.caret.index
+            txt = txt[:ci-1] + txt[ci:]
+            self._styles = self._styles[:ci-1]+self._styles[ci:]
+            self.caret.index -= 1
+            self.text = txt
+            self._layout()
+
+    def deleteCaretRight(self):
+        """Deletes 1 character to the right of the caret"""
+        ci = self.caret.index
+        if ci < len(self._text):
+            txt = self._text
+            txt = txt[:ci] + txt[ci+1:]
+            self._styles = self._styles[:ci]+self._styles[ci+1:]
+            self.text = txt
+            self._layout()
+        
+    def _layout(self):
+        """Layout the text, calculating the vertex locations
+        """
+        
+        rgb = self._foreColor.render('rgba1')
+        font = self.glFont
+
+        # the vertices are initially pix (natural for freetype)
+        # then we convert them to the requested units for self._vertices
+        # then they are converted back during rendering using standard BaseStim
+        visible_text = self._text
+        vertices = np.zeros((len(visible_text) * 4, 2), dtype=np.float32)
+        self._charIndices = np.zeros((len(visible_text)), dtype=int)
+        self._colors = np.zeros((len(visible_text) * 4, 4), dtype=np.double)
+        self._texcoords = np.zeros((len(visible_text) * 4, 2), dtype=np.double)
+        self._glIndices = np.zeros((len(visible_text) * 4), dtype=int)
+        self._renderChars = []
+
+        # the following are used internally for layout
+        self._lineNs = np.zeros(len(visible_text), dtype=int)
+        _lineBottoms = []
+        self._lineLenChars = []  #
+        _lineWidths = []  # width in stim units of each line
+
+        lineMax = self.contentBox._size.pix[0]
+        current = [0, 0 - font.ascender]
+        fakeItalic = 0.0
+        fakeBold = 0.0
+        # for some reason glyphs too wide when using alpha channel only
+        if font.atlas.format == 'alpha':
+            alphaCorrection = 1 / 3.0
+        else:
+            alphaCorrection = 1
+
+        if self._lineBreaking == 'default':
+
+            wordLen = 0
+            charsThisLine = 0
+            wordsThisLine = 0
+            lineN = 0
+
+            for i, charcode in enumerate(self._text):
+                printable = True  # unless we decide otherwise
+                # handle formatting codes
+                fakeItalic = 0.0
+                fakeBold = 0.0
+                if self._styles.i[i]:
+                    fakeItalic = 0.1 * font.size
+                if self._styles.b[i]:
+                    fakeBold = 0.3 * font.size
+
+                # handle newline
+                if charcode == '\n':
+                    printable = False
+
+                # handle printable characters
+                if printable:
+                    glyph = font[charcode]
+                    if showWhiteSpace and charcode == " ":
+                        glyph = font[u"·"]
+                    elif charcode == " ":
+                        # glyph size of space is smaller than actual size, so use size of dot instead
+                        glyph.size = font[u"·"].size
+                    # Get top and bottom coords
+                    yTop = current[1] + glyph.offset[1]
+                    yBot = yTop - glyph.size[1]
+                    # Get x mid point
+                    xMid = current[0] + glyph.offset[0] + glyph.size[0] * alphaCorrection / 2 + fakeBold / 2
+                    # Get left and right corners from midpoint
+                    xBotL = xMid - glyph.size[0] * alphaCorrection / 2 - fakeItalic - fakeBold / 2
+                    xBotR = xMid + glyph.size[0] * alphaCorrection / 2 - fakeItalic + fakeBold / 2
+                    xTopL = xMid - glyph.size[0] * alphaCorrection / 2 - fakeBold / 2
+                    xTopR = xMid + glyph.size[0] * alphaCorrection / 2 + fakeBold / 2
+
+                    u0 = glyph.texcoords[0]
+                    v0 = glyph.texcoords[1]
+                    u1 = glyph.texcoords[2]
+                    v1 = glyph.texcoords[3]
+                else:
+                    glyph = font[u"·"]
+                    x = current[0] + glyph.offset[0]
+                    yTop = current[1] + glyph.offset[1]
+                    yBot = yTop - glyph.size[1]
+                    xBotL = x
+                    xTopL = x
+                    xBotR = x
+                    xTopR = x
+                    u0 = glyph.texcoords[0]
+                    v0 = glyph.texcoords[1]
+                    u1 = glyph.texcoords[2]
+                    v1 = glyph.texcoords[3]
+
+                theseVertices = [[xTopL, yTop], [xBotL, yBot],
+                                 [xBotR, yBot], [xTopR, yTop]]
+                texcoords = [[u0, v0], [u0, v1],
+                             [u1, v1], [u1, v0]]
+
+                vertices[i * 4:i * 4 + 4] = theseVertices
+                self._texcoords[i * 4:i * 4 + 4] = texcoords
+                # handle character color
+                rgb_ = self._styles.c[i]
+                if len(rgb_) > 0:
+                    self._colors[i*4 : i*4+4, :4] = rgb_ # set custom color
+                else:
+                    self._colors[i*4 : i*4+4, :4] = rgb # set default color
+                self._lineNs[i] = lineN
+                current[0] = current[0] + (glyph.advance[0] + fakeBold / 2) * self.letterSpacing
+                current[1] = current[1] + glyph.advance[1]
+
+                # are we wrapping the line?
+                if charcode == "\n":
+                    lineWPix = current[0]
+                    current[0] = 0
+                    current[1] -= font.height
+                    lineN += 1
+                    charsThisLine += 1
+                    self._lineLenChars.append(charsThisLine)
+                    _lineWidths.append(lineWPix)
+                    charsThisLine = 0
+                    wordsThisLine = 0
+                elif charcode in wordBreaks:
+                    wordLen = 0
+                    charsThisLine += 1
+                    wordsThisLine += 1
+                elif printable:
+                    wordLen += 1
+                    charsThisLine += 1
+
+                # end line with auto-wrap on space
+                if current[0] >= lineMax and wordLen > 0:
+                    # move the current word to next line
+                    lineBreakPt = vertices[(i - wordLen + 1) * 4, 0]
+                    if wordsThisLine <= 1:
+                        # if whole line is just 1 word, wrap regardless of presence of wordbreak
+                        wordLen = 0
+                        charsThisLine += 1
+                        wordsThisLine += 1
+                        # add hyphen
+                        self._renderChars.append({
+                            "i": i,
+                            "current": (current[0], current[1]),
+                            "glyph": font["-"]
+                        })
+                        # store linebreak point
+                        lineBreakPt = current[0]
+                    wordWidth = current[0] - lineBreakPt
+                    # shift all chars of the word left by wordStartX
+                    vertices[(i - wordLen + 1) * 4: (i + 1) * 4, 0] -= lineBreakPt
+                    vertices[(i - wordLen + 1) * 4: (i + 1) * 4, 1] -= font.height
+                    # update line values
+                    self._lineNs[i - wordLen + 1: i + 1] += 1
+                    self._lineLenChars.append(charsThisLine - wordLen)
+                    _lineWidths.append(lineBreakPt)
+                    lineN += 1
+                    # and set current to correct location
+                    current[0] = wordWidth
+                    current[1] -= font.height
+                    charsThisLine = wordLen
+                    wordsThisLine = 1
+
+                # have we stored the top/bottom of this line yet
+                if lineN + 1 > len(_lineBottoms):
+                    _lineBottoms.append(current[1])
+
+            # add length of this (unfinished) line
+            _lineWidths.append(current[0])
+            self._lineLenChars.append(charsThisLine)
+
+        elif self._lineBreaking == 'uax14':
+
+            # get a list of line-breakable points according to UAX#14
+            breakable_points = list(get_breakable_points(self._text))
+            text_seg = list(break_units(self._text, breakable_points))
+            styles_seg = list(break_units(self._styles, breakable_points))
+
+            lineN = 0
+            charwidth_list = []
+            segwidth_list = []
+            y_advance_list = []
+            vertices_list = []
+            texcoords_list = []
+
+            # calculate width of each segments
+            for this_seg in range(len(text_seg)):
+
+                thisSegWidth = 0 # width of this segment
+
+                for i, charcode in enumerate(text_seg[this_seg]):
+                    printable = True  # unless we decide otherwise
+                    # handle formatting codes
+                    fakeItalic = 0.0
+                    fakeBold = 0.0
+                    if self._styles.i[i]:
+                        fakeItalic = 0.1 * font.size
+                    if self._styles.b[i]:
+                        fakeBold = 0.3 * font.size
+
+                    # handle newline
+                    if charcode == '\n':
+                        printable = False
+
+                    # handle printable characters
+                    if printable:
+                        if showWhiteSpace and charcode == " ":
+                            glyph = font[u"·"]
+                        else:
+                            glyph = font[charcode]
+                        xBotL = glyph.offset[0] - fakeItalic - fakeBold / 2
+                        xTopL = glyph.offset[0] - fakeBold / 2
+                        yTop = glyph.offset[1]
+                        xBotR = xBotL + glyph.size[0] * alphaCorrection + fakeBold
+                        xTopR = xTopL + glyph.size[0] * alphaCorrection + fakeBold
+                        yBot = yTop - glyph.size[1]
+                        u0 = glyph.texcoords[0]
+                        v0 = glyph.texcoords[1]
+                        u1 = glyph.texcoords[2]
+                        v1 = glyph.texcoords[3]
+                    else:
+                        glyph = font[u"·"]
+                        x = glyph.offset[0]
+                        yTop = glyph.offset[1]
+                        yBot = yTop - glyph.size[1]
+                        xBotL = x
+                        xTopL = x
+                        xBotR = x
+                        xTopR = x
+                        u0 = glyph.texcoords[0]
+                        v0 = glyph.texcoords[1]
+                        u1 = glyph.texcoords[2]
+                        v1 = glyph.texcoords[3]
+
+                    # calculate width and update segment width
+                    w = glyph.advance[0] + fakeBold / 2
+                    thisSegWidth += w
+
+                    # keep vertices, texcoords, width and y_advance of this character
+                    vertices_list.append([[xTopL, yTop], [xBotL, yBot],
+                                          [xBotR, yBot], [xTopR, yTop]])
+                    texcoords_list.append([[u0, v0], [u0, v1],
+                                           [u1, v1], [u1, v0]])
+                    charwidth_list.append(w)
+                    y_advance_list.append(glyph.advance[1])
+
+                # append width of this segment to the list
+                segwidth_list.append(thisSegWidth)
+
+            # concatenate segments to build line
+            lines = []
+            while text_seg:
+                line_width = 0
+                for i in range(len(text_seg)):
+                    # if this segment is \n, break line here.
+                    if text_seg[i][-1] == '\n':
+                        i+=1 # increment index to include \n to current line
+                        break
+                    # concatenate next segment
+                    line_width += segwidth_list[i]
+                    # break if line_width is greater than lineMax
+                    if lineMax < line_width:
+                        break
+                else:
+                    # if for sentence finished without break, all segments 
+                    # should be concatenated.
+                    i = len(text_seg)
+                p = max(1, i)
+                # concatenate segments and remove from segment list
+                lines.append("".join(text_seg[:p]))
+                del text_seg[:p], segwidth_list[:p] #, avoid[:p]
+
+            # build lines
+            i = 0 # index of the current character
+            if lines:
+                for line in lines:
+                    for c in line:
+                        theseVertices = vertices_list[i]
+                        #update vertices
+                        for j in range(4):
+                            theseVertices[j][0] += current[0]
+                            theseVertices[j][1] += current[1]
+                        texcoords = texcoords_list[i]
+
+                        vertices[i * 4:i * 4 + 4] = theseVertices
+                        self._texcoords[i * 4:i * 4 + 4] = texcoords
+                        # handle character color
+                        rgb_ = self._styles.c[i]
+                        if len(rgb_) > 0:
+                            self._colors[i*4 : i*4+4, :4] = rgb_ # set custom color
+                        else:
+                            self._colors[i*4 : i*4+4, :4] = rgb # set default color
+                        self._lineNs[i] = lineN
+
+                        current[0] = current[0] + charwidth_list[i]
+                        current[1] = current[1] + y_advance_list[i]
+                        
+                        # have we stored the top/bottom of this line yet
+                        if lineN + 1 > len(_lineBottoms):
+                            _lineBottoms.append(current[1])
+
+                        # next chacactor
+                        i += 1
+
+                    # prepare for next line
+                    current[0] = 0
+                    current[1] -= font.height
+                    
+                    lineBreakPt = vertices[(i-1) * 4, 0]
+                    self._lineLenChars.append(len(line))
+                    _lineWidths.append(lineBreakPt)
+
+                    # need not increase lineN when the last line doesn't end with '\n'
+                    if lineN < len(lines)-1 or line[-1] == '\n' :
+                        lineN += 1
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("Unknown lineBreaking option ({}) is"
+                "specified.".format(self._lineBreaking))
+
+        # Add render-only characters
+        for rend in self._renderChars:
+            vertices = self._addRenderOnlyChar(
+                i=rend['i'],
+                x=rend['current'][0],
+                y=rend['current'][1],
+                vertices=vertices,
+                glyph=rend['glyph'],
+                alphaCorrection=alphaCorrection
+            )
+
+        # Apply vertical alignment
+        if self.alignment[1] in ("bottom", "center"):
+            # Get bottom of last line (or starting line, if there are none)
+            if len(_lineBottoms):
+                lastLine = min(_lineBottoms)
+            else:
+                lastLine = current[1]
+            if self.alignment[1] == "bottom":
+                # Work out how much we need to adjust by for the bottom base line to sit at the bottom of the content box
+                adjustY = lastLine + self.contentBox._size.pix[1]
+            if self.alignment[1] == "center":
+                # Work out how much we need to adjust by for the line midpoint (mean of ascender and descender) to sit in the middle of the content box
+                adjustY = (lastLine + font.descender + self.contentBox._size.pix[1]) / 2
+            # Adjust vertices and line bottoms
+            vertices[:, 1] = vertices[:, 1] - adjustY
+            _lineBottoms -= adjustY
+
+        # Apply horizontal alignment
+        if self.alignment[0] in ("right", "center"):
+            if self.alignment[0] == "right":
+                # Calculate adjust value per line
+                lineAdjustX = self.contentBox._size.pix[0] - np.array(_lineWidths)
+            if self.alignment[0] == "center":
+                # Calculate adjust value per line
+                lineAdjustX = (self.contentBox._size.pix[0] - np.array(_lineWidths)) / 2
+            # Get adjust value per vertex
+            adjustX = lineAdjustX[np.repeat(self._lineNs, 4)]
+            # Adjust vertices
+            vertices[:, 0] = vertices[:, 0] + adjustX
+
+        # Convert the vertices to be relative to content box and set
+        self.vertices = vertices / self.contentBox._size.pix + (-0.5, 0.5)
+        if len(_lineBottoms):
+            if self.flipVert:
+                self._lineBottoms = min(self.contentBox._vertices.pix[:, 1]) - np.array(_lineBottoms)
+            else:
+                self._lineBottoms = max(self.contentBox._vertices.pix[:, 1]) + np.array(_lineBottoms)
+            self._lineWidths = min(self.contentBox._vertices.pix[:, 0]) + np.array(_lineWidths)
+        else:
+            self._lineBottoms = np.array(_lineBottoms)
+            self._lineWidths = np.array(_lineWidths)
+
+        # if we had to add more glyphs to make possible then 
+        if self.glFont._dirty:
+            self.glFont.upload()
+            self.glFont._dirty = False
+        self._needVertexUpdate = True
+
+    def draw(self):
+        """Draw the text to the back buffer"""
+        # Border width
+        self.box.setLineWidth(self.palette['lineWidth']) # Use 1 as base if border width is none
+        #self.borderWidth = self.box.lineWidth
+        # Border colour
+        self.box.setLineColor(self.palette['lineColor'], colorSpace='rgb')
+        #self.borderColor = self.box.lineColor
+        # Background
+        self.box.setFillColor(self.palette['fillColor'], colorSpace='rgb')
+        #self.fillColor = self.box.fillColor
+
+        # Inherit win
+        self.box.win = self.win
+        self.contentBox.win = self.win
+        self.boundingBox.win = self.win
+
+        if self._needVertexUpdate:
+            #print("Updating vertices...")
+            self._updateVertices()
+        if self.fillColor is not None or self.borderColor is not None:
+            self.box.draw()
+
+        # Draw sub-elements if in debug mode
+        if debug:
+            self.contentBox.draw()
+            self.boundingBox.draw()
+
+        tightH = self.boundingBox._size.pix[1]
+        areaH = self.contentBox._size.pix[1]
+        if self.overflow in ("scroll",) and tightH > areaH:
+            # Draw scrollbar
+            self.scrollbar.draw()
+            # Scroll
+            if self._alignY == "top":
+                # Top aligned means scroll between 1 and 0, and no adjust for line height
+                adjMulti = (-self.scrollbar.markerPos + 1) / 2
+                adjAdd = -self.glFont.descender
+            elif self._alignY == "bottom":
+                # Top aligned means scroll between -1 and 0, and adjust for line height
+                adjMulti = (-self.scrollbar.markerPos - 1) / 2
+                adjAdd = -self.glFont.descender
+            else:
+                # Center aligned means scroll between -0.5 and 0.5, and 50% adjust for line height
+                adjMulti = -self.scrollbar.markerPos / 2
+                adjAdd = 0
+            self.contentBox._pos.pix = self._pos.pix + (
+                0,
+                (tightH - areaH) * adjMulti + adjAdd
+            )
+            self._needVertexUpdate = True
+
+        if self.overflow in ("hidden", "scroll"):
+            # Activate aperture
+            self.container.enable()
+
+        gl.glPushMatrix()
+        self.win.setScale('pix')
+
+        gl.glActiveTexture(gl.GL_TEXTURE0)
+        gl.glBindTexture(gl.GL_TEXTURE_2D, self.glFont.textureID)
+        gl.glEnable(gl.GL_TEXTURE_2D)
+        gl.glDisable(gl.GL_DEPTH_TEST)
+
+        gl.glEnableClientState(gl.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY)
+        gl.glEnableClientState(gl.GL_COLOR_ARRAY)
+        gl.glEnableClientState(gl.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY)
+        gl.glEnableClientState(gl.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY)
+
+        gl.glVertexPointer(2, gl.GL_DOUBLE, 0, self.verticesPix.ctypes)
+        gl.glColorPointer(4, gl.GL_DOUBLE, 0, self._colors.ctypes)
+        gl.glTexCoordPointer(2, gl.GL_DOUBLE, 0, self._texcoords.ctypes)
+
+        self.shader.bind()
+        self.shader.setInt('texture', 0)
+        self.shader.setFloat('pixel', [1.0 / 512, 1.0 / 512])
+        nVerts = (len(self._text) + len(self._renderChars)) * 4
+
+        gl.glDrawArrays(gl.GL_QUADS, 0, nVerts)
+        self.shader.unbind()
+
+        # removed the colors and font texture
+        gl.glDisableClientState(gl.GL_COLOR_ARRAY)
+        gl.glDisableClientState(gl.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY)
+        gl.glDisableVertexAttribArray(1)
+        gl.glDisableClientState(gl.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY)
+
+        gl.glActiveTexture(gl.GL_TEXTURE0)
+        gl.glBindTexture(gl.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0)
+        gl.glDisable(gl.GL_TEXTURE_2D)
+
+        if self.hasFocus:  # draw caret line
+            self.caret.draw()
+
+        gl.glPopMatrix()
+
+        # Draw placeholder if blank
+        if self.editable and len(self.text) == 0:
+            self._placeholder.draw()
+
+        if self.container is not None:
+            self.container.disable()
+
+    def reset(self):
+        """Resets the TextBox2 to hold **whatever it was given on initialisation**"""
+        # Reset contents
+        self.text = self.startText
+
+    def clear(self):
+        """Resets the TextBox2 to a blank string"""
+        # Clear contents
+        self.text = ""
+
+    def contains(self, x, y=None, units=None, tight=False):
+        """Returns True if a point x,y is inside the stimulus' border.
+
+        Can accept variety of input options:
+            + two separate args, x and y
+            + one arg (list, tuple or array) containing two vals (x,y)
+            + an object with a getPos() method that returns x,y, such
+                as a :class:`~psychopy.event.Mouse`.
+
+        Returns `True` if the point is within the area defined either by its
+        `border` attribute (if one defined), or its `vertices` attribute if
+        there is no .border. This method handles
+        complex shapes, including concavities and self-crossings.
+
+        Note that, if your stimulus uses a mask (such as a Gaussian) then
+        this is not accounted for by the `contains` method; the extent of the
+        stimulus is determined purely by the size, position (pos), and
+        orientation (ori) settings (and by the vertices for shape stimuli).
+
+        See Coder demos: shapeContains.py
+        See Coder demos: shapeContains.py
+        """
+        if tight:
+            return self.boundingBox.contains(x, y, units)
+        else:
+            return self.box.contains(x, y, units)
+
+    def overlaps(self, polygon, tight=False):
+        """Returns `True` if this stimulus intersects another one.
+
+        If `polygon` is another stimulus instance, then the vertices
+        and location of that stimulus will be used as the polygon.
+        Overlap detection is typically very good, but it
+        can fail with very pointy shapes in a crossed-swords configuration.
+
+        Note that, if your stimulus uses a mask (such as a Gaussian blob)
+        then this is not accounted for by the `overlaps` method; the extent
+        of the stimulus is determined purely by the size, pos, and
+        orientation settings (and by the vertices for shape stimuli).
+
+        Parameters
+
+        See coder demo, shapeContains.py
+        """
+        if tight:
+            return self.boundingBox.overlaps(polygon)
+        else:
+            return self.box.overlaps(polygon)
+
+    def _addRenderOnlyChar(self, i, x, y, vertices, glyph, alphaCorrection=1):
+        """
+        Add a character at index i which is drawn but not actually part of the text
+        """
+        i4 = i * 4
+        # Get coordinates of glyph texture
+        self._texcoords = np.vstack([
+            self._texcoords[:i4],
+            [glyph.texcoords[0], glyph.texcoords[1]],
+            [glyph.texcoords[0], glyph.texcoords[3]],
+            [glyph.texcoords[2], glyph.texcoords[3]],
+            [glyph.texcoords[2], glyph.texcoords[1]],
+            self._texcoords[i4:]
+        ])
+        # Get coords of box corners
+        top = y + glyph.offset[1]
+        bot = top - glyph.size[1]
+        mid = x + glyph.offset[0] + glyph.size[0] * alphaCorrection / 2
+        left = mid - glyph.size[0] * alphaCorrection / 2
+        right = mid + glyph.size[0] * alphaCorrection / 2
+        vertices = np.vstack([
+            vertices[:i4],
+            [left, top],
+            [left, bot],
+            [right, bot],
+            [right, top],
+            vertices[i4:]
+        ])
+        # Make same colour as other text
+        self._colors = np.vstack([
+            self._colors[:i4],
+            self._foreColor.render('rgba1'),
+            self._foreColor.render('rgba1'),
+            self._foreColor.render('rgba1'),
+            self._foreColor.render('rgba1'),
+            self._colors[i4:]
+        ])
+        # Extend line numbers array
+        self._lineNs = np.hstack([
+            self._lineNs[:i],
+            self._lineNs[i-1],
+            self._lineNs[i:]
+        ])
+
+        return vertices
+
+    def _updateVertices(self):
+        """Sets Stim.verticesPix and ._borderPix from pos, size, ori,
+        flipVert, flipHoriz
+        """
+        # check whether stimulus needs flipping in either direction
+        flip = np.array([1, 1])
+        if hasattr(self, 'flipHoriz') and self.flipHoriz:
+            flip[0] = -1  # True=(-1), False->(+1)
+        if hasattr(self, 'flipVert') and self.flipVert:
+            flip[1] = -1  # True=(-1), False->(+1)
+
+        self.__dict__['verticesPix'] = self._vertices.pix
+
+        # tight bounding box
+        if hasattr(self._vertices, self.units) and self.vertices.shape[0] >= 1:
+            verts = self._vertices.pix
+            L = verts[:, 0].min()
+            R = verts[:, 0].max()
+            B = verts[:, 1].min()
+            T = verts[:, 1].max()
+            tightW = R-L
+            Xmid = (R+L)/2
+            tightH = T-B
+            Ymid = (T+B)/2
+            # for the tight box anchor offset is included in vertex calcs
+            self.boundingBox.size = tightW, tightH
+            self.boundingBox.pos = self.pos + (Xmid, Ymid)
+        else:
+            self.boundingBox.size = 0, 0
+            self.boundingBox.pos = self.pos
+        # box (larger than bounding box) needs anchor offest adding
+        self.box.pos = self.pos
+        self.box.size = self.size  # this might have changed from _requested
+
+        self._needVertexUpdate = False
+
+    def _onText(self, chr):
+        """Called by the window when characters are received"""
+        if chr == '\t':
+            self.win.nextEditable()
+            return
+        if chr == '\r':  # make it newline not Carriage Return
+            chr = '\n'
+        self.addCharAtCaret(chr)
+        if self.onTextCallback:
+            self.onTextCallback()
+
+    def _onCursorKeys(self, key):
+        """Called by the window when cursor/del/backspace... are received"""
+        if key == 'MOTION_UP':
+            self.caret.row -= 1
+        elif key == 'MOTION_DOWN':
+            self.caret.row += 1
+        elif key == 'MOTION_RIGHT':
+            self.caret.char += 1
+        elif key == 'MOTION_LEFT':
+            self.caret.char -= 1
+        elif key == 'MOTION_BACKSPACE':
+            self.deleteCaretLeft()
+        elif key == 'MOTION_DELETE':
+            self.deleteCaretRight()
+        elif key == 'MOTION_NEXT_WORD':
+            pass
+        elif key == 'MOTION_PREVIOUS_WORD':
+            pass
+        elif key == 'MOTION_BEGINNING_OF_LINE':
+            self.caret.char = 0
+        elif key == 'MOTION_END_OF_LINE':
+            self.caret.char = END_OF_THIS_LINE
+        elif key == 'MOTION_NEXT_PAGE':
+            pass
+        elif key == 'MOTION_PREVIOUS_PAGE':
+            pass
+        elif key == 'MOTION_BEGINNING_OF_FILE':
+            pass
+        elif key == 'MOTION_END_OF_FILE':
+            pass
+        else:
+            print("Received unhandled cursor motion type: ", key)
+
+    @property
+    def hasFocus(self):
+        if self.win and self.win.currentEditable == self:
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    @hasFocus.setter
+    def hasFocus(self, focus):
+        if focus is False and self.hasFocus:
+            # If focus is being set to False, tell window to 
+            # give focus to next editable.
+            if self.win:
+                self.win.nextEditable()
+        elif focus is True and self.hasFocus is False:
+            # If focus is being set True, set textbox instance to be
+            # window.currentEditable.
+            if self.win:
+                self.win.currentEditable=self
+        return False
+
+    def getText(self):
+        """Returns the current text in the box, including formatting tokens."""
+        return self.text
+
+    @property
+    def visibleText(self):
+        """Returns the current visible text in the box"""
+        return self._text
+
+    def getVisibleText(self):
+        """Returns the current visible text in the box"""
+        return self.visibleText
+
+    def setText(self, text=None, log=None):
+        """Usually you can use 'stim.attribute = value' syntax instead,
+        but use this method if you need to suppress the log message.
+        """
+        setAttribute(self, 'text', text, log)
+
+    def setHeight(self, height, log=None):
+        """Usually you can use 'stim.attribute = value' syntax instead,
+        but use this method if you need to suppress the log message. """
+        setAttribute(self, 'height', height, log)
+
+    def setFont(self, font, log=None):
+        """Usually you can use 'stim.attribute = value' syntax instead,
+        but use this method if you need to suppress the log message.
+        """
+        setAttribute(self, 'font', font, log)
+
+    @attributeSetter
+    def placeholder(self, value):
+        """
+        Text to display when textbox is editable and has no content.
+        """
+        # Store value
+        self.__dict__['placeholder'] = value
+        # Set placeholder object text
+        if hasattr(self, "_placeholder"):
+            self._placeholder.text = value
+
+    def setPlaceholder(self, value, log=False):
+        """
+        Set text to display when textbox is editable and has no content.
+        """
+        self.placeholder = value
+
+
+class Caret(ColorMixin):
+    """
+    Class to handle the caret (cursor) within a textbox. Do **not** call without a textbox.
+    Parameters
+        ----------
+        textbox : psychopy.visual.TextBox2
+            Textbox which caret corresponds to
+        visible : bool
+            Whether the caret is visible
+        row : int
+            Textbox row which caret is on
+        char : int
+            Text character within row which caret is on
+        index : int
+            Index of character which caret is on
+        vertices : list, tuple
+            Coordinates of each corner of caret
+        width : int, float
+            Width of caret line
+        color : list, tuple, str
+            Caret colour
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, textbox, color, width, colorSpace='rgb'):
+        self.textbox = textbox
+        self.index = len(textbox._text)  # start off at the end
+        self.autoLog = False
+        self.width = width
+        self.units = textbox.units
+        self.colorSpace = colorSpace
+        self.color = color
+
+    def draw(self, override=None):
+        """
+        Draw the caret
+
+        Parameters
+        ==========
+        override : bool or None
+            Set to True to always draw the caret, to False to never draw the caret, or leave as None to
+            draw only according to the usual conditions (being visible and within the correct timeframe
+            for the flashing effect)
+        """
+        if override is None:
+            # If no override, draw only if conditions are met
+            if not self.visible:
+                return
+            # Flash every other second
+            if core.getTime() % 1 > 0.6:
+                return
+        elif not override:
+            # If override is False, never draw
+            return
+
+        # If no override and conditions are met, or override is True, draw
+        gl.glLineWidth(self.width)
+        gl.glColor4f(
+            *self._foreColor.rgba1
+        )
+        gl.glBegin(gl.GL_LINES)
+        gl.glVertex2f(self.vertices[0, 0], self.vertices[0, 1])
+        gl.glVertex2f(self.vertices[1, 0], self.vertices[1, 1])
+        gl.glEnd()
+
+    @property
+    def visible(self):
+        return self.textbox.hasFocus
+
+    @property
+    def row(self):
+        """What row is caret on?"""
+        # Check that index is with range of all character indices
+        if len(self.textbox._lineNs) == 0:  # no chars at all
+            return 0
+        elif self.index > len(self.textbox._lineNs):
+            self.index = len(self.textbox._lineNs)
+        # Get line of index
+        if self.index >= len(self.textbox._lineNs):
+            return self.textbox._lineNs[-1]
+        else:
+            return self.textbox._lineNs[self.index]
+
+    @row.setter
+    def row(self, value):
+        """Use line to index conversion to set index according to row value"""
+        # Figure out how many characters into previous row the cursor was
+        charsIn = self.char
+        nRows = len(self.textbox._lineLenChars)
+        # If new row is more than total number of rows, move to end of last row
+        if value >= nRows:
+            value = nRows
+            charsIn = self.textbox._lineLenChars[-1]
+        # If new row is less than 0, move to beginning of first row
+        elif value < 0:
+            value = 0
+            charsIn = 0
+        elif value == nRows-1 and charsIn > self.textbox._lineLenChars[value]:
+            # last row last char
+            charsIn = self.textbox._lineLenChars[value]
+        elif charsIn > self.textbox._lineLenChars[value]-1:
+            # end of a middle row (account for the newline)
+            charsIn = self.textbox._lineLenChars[value]-1
+        # Set new index in new row
+        self.index = sum(self.textbox._lineLenChars[:value]) + charsIn
+
+    @property
+    def char(self):
+        """What character within current line is caret on?"""
+        # Check that index is with range of all character indices
+        self.index = min(self.index, len(self.textbox._lineNs))
+        self.index = max(self.index, 0)
+        # Get first index of line, subtract from index to get char
+        return self.index - sum(self.textbox._lineLenChars[:self.row])
+    @char.setter
+    def char(self, value):
+        """Set character within row"""
+        # If setting char to less than 0, move to last char on previous line
+        row = self.row
+        if value < 0:
+            if row == 0:
+                value = 0
+            else:
+                row -= 1
+                value = self.textbox._lineLenChars[row]-1  # end of that row
+        elif row >= len(self.textbox._lineLenChars)-1 and \
+                value >= self.textbox._lineLenChars[-1]:
+            # this is the last row
+            row = len(self.textbox._lineLenChars)-1
+            value = self.textbox._lineLenChars[-1]
+        elif value == END_OF_THIS_LINE:
+            value = self.textbox._lineLenChars[row]-1
+        elif value >= self.textbox._lineLenChars[row]:
+            # end of this row (not the last) so go to next
+            row += 1
+            value = 0
+        # then calculate index
+        if row:  # if not on first row
+            self.index = sum(self.textbox._lineLenChars[:row]) + value
+        else:
+            self.index = value
+
+    @property
+    def vertices(self):
+        textbox = self.textbox
+        # check we have a caret index
+        if self.index is None or self.index > len(textbox._text):
+            self.index = len(textbox._text)
+        if self.index < 0:
+            self.index = 0
+        # Get vertices of caret based on characters and index
+        ii = self.index
+        if textbox.vertices.shape[0] == 0:
+            # If there are no chars, put caret at start position (determined by alignment)
+            if textbox.alignment[1] == "bottom":
+                bottom = min(textbox.contentBox._vertices.pix[:, 1])
+            elif textbox.alignment[1] == "center":
+                bottom = (min(textbox.contentBox._vertices.pix[:, 1]) + max(textbox.contentBox._vertices.pix[:, 1]) - textbox.glFont.ascender - textbox.glFont.descender) / 2
+            else:
+                bottom = max(textbox.contentBox._vertices.pix[:, 1]) - textbox.glFont.ascender
+            if textbox.alignment[0] == "right":
+                x = max(textbox.contentBox._vertices.pix[:, 0])
+            elif textbox.alignment[0] == "center":
+                x = (min(textbox.contentBox._vertices.pix[:, 0]) + max(textbox.contentBox._vertices.pix[:, 0])) / 2
+            else:
+                x = min(textbox.contentBox._vertices.pix[:, 0])
+        else:
+            # Otherwise, get caret position from character vertices
+            if self.index >= len(textbox._lineNs):
+                # If the caret is after the last char, position it to the right
+                chrVerts = textbox._vertices.pix[range((ii-1) * 4, (ii-1) * 4 + 4)]
+                x = chrVerts[2, 0]  # x-coord of left edge (of final char)
+            else:
+                # Otherwise, position it to the left
+                chrVerts = textbox._vertices.pix[range(ii * 4, ii * 4 + 4)]
+                x = chrVerts[1, 0]  # x-coord of right edge
+            # Get top of this line
+            bottom = textbox._lineBottoms[self.row]
+        # Top will always be line bottom + font height
+        if self.textbox.flipVert:
+            top = bottom - self.textbox.glFont.size
+        else:
+            top = bottom + self.textbox.glFont.size
+        return np.array([
+            [x, bottom],
+            [x, top]
+        ])
+
+class Style:
+    # Define a simple Style class for storing information in text().
+    # Additional features exist to maintain extant edit/caret syntax
+    def __init__(self, text_length, i=None, b=None, c=None):
+        self.len = text_length
+        self.i = i
+        self.b = b
+        self.c = c
+        if i == None:
+            self.i = [False]*text_length
+        if b == None:
+            self.b = [False]*text_length
+        if c == None:
+            self.c = [()]*text_length
+        self.formatted_text = ''
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return self.len
+
+    def __getitem__(self, i):
+        # Return a new Style object with data from current index
+        if isinstance(i, int):
+            s = Style(1, [self.i[i]], [self.b[i]], [self.c[i]])
+        else:
+            s = Style(len(self.i[i]), self.i[i], self.b[i], self.c[i])
+        return s
+
+    def __add__(self, c):
+        s = self.copy()
+        s.insert(len(s), c)
+        return s
+
+    def copy(self):
+        s = Style(self.len, self.i.copy(), self.b.copy(), self.c.copy())
+        s.formatted_text = self.formatted_text
+        return s
+
+    def insert(self, i, style):
+        # in-place, like list
+        if not isinstance(style, Style):
+            raise TypeError('Inserted object must be Style.')
+        self.i[i:i] = style.i
+        self.b[i:i] = style.b
+        self.c[i:i] = style.c
+        self.len += len(style)
+
+
+class PlaceholderText(TextBox2):
+    """
+    Subclass of TextBox2 used only for presenting placeholder text, should never be called outside of TextBox2's init
+    method.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, parent, text):
+        # Should only ever be called from a textbox, make sure parent is a textbox
+        assert isinstance(parent, TextBox2), "Parent of PlaceholderText object must be of type visual.TextBox2"
+        # Create textbox sdfs df
+        TextBox2.__init__(
+            self, parent.win, text,
+            font=parent.font, bold=parent.bold, italic=parent.italic,
+            units=parent.contentBox.units, anchor=parent.contentBox.anchor,
+            pos=parent.contentBox.pos,  size=parent.contentBox.size,
+            letterHeight=parent.letterHeight,
+            color=parent.color, colorSpace=parent.colorSpace,
+            fillColor=None,
+            borderColor=None,
+            opacity=0.5,
+            lineSpacing=parent.lineSpacing,
+            padding=0,  # gap between box and text
+            alignment=parent.alignment,
+            flipHoriz=parent.flipHoriz,
+            flipVert=parent.flipVert,
+            languageStyle=parent.languageStyle,
+            editable=False,
+            overflow=parent.overflow,
+            lineBreaking=parent._lineBreaking,
+            autoLog=False, autoDraw=False
+        )
+