psychopy 2024.1.0__py3-none-any.whl

psychopy/iohub/client/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1454 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Part of the PsychoPy library
+# Copyright (C) 2012-2020 iSolver Software Solutions (C) 2021 Open Science Tools Ltd.
+# Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL).
+
+import os
+import sys
+import time
+import subprocess
+import json
+import signal
+from weakref import proxy
+
+import psutil
+
+try:
+    import psychopy.logging as psycho_logging
+except ImportError:
+    psycho_logging = None
+from ..lazy_import import lazy_import
+from .. import IOHUB_DIRECTORY
+from ..util import yload, yLoader
+from ..errors import print2err, ioHubError, printExceptionDetailsToStdErr
+from ..util import isIterable, updateDict, win32MessagePump
+from ..devices import DeviceEvent, import_device
+from ..devices.computer import Computer
+from ..devices.experiment import MessageEvent, LogEvent
+from ..constants import DeviceConstants, EventConstants
+from psychopy import constants
+
+getTime = Computer.getTime
+
+_currentSessionInfo = None
+
+def windowInfoDict(win):
+    windict = dict(handle=win._hw_handle, pos=win.pos, size=win.size,
+                   units=win.units, useRetina=win.useRetina, monitor=None)
+    if win.monitor:
+        windict['monitor'] = dict(resolution=win.monitor.getSizePix(),
+                                  width=win.monitor.getWidth(),
+                                  distance=win.monitor.getDistance())
+    return windict
+
+def getFullClassName(klass):
+    module = klass.__module__
+    if module == 'builtins':
+        return klass.__qualname__  # avoid outputs like 'builtins.str'
+    return module + '.' + klass.__qualname__
+
+class DeviceRPC():
+    '''
+    ioHubDeviceView creates an RPC interface with the iohub server. Each
+    iohub device method exposed by an ioHubDeviceView is represented
+    by an associated DeviceRPC instance.
+    '''
+    _log_time_index = DeviceEvent.EVENT_HUB_TIME_INDEX
+    _log_text_index = LogEvent.CLASS_ATTRIBUTE_NAMES.index('text')
+    _log_level_index = LogEvent.CLASS_ATTRIBUTE_NAMES.index('log_level')
+
+    def __init__(self, sendToHub, device_class, method_name):
+        self.device_class = device_class
+        self.method_name = method_name
+        self.sendToHub = sendToHub
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _returnarg(a): # pragma: no cover
+        return a
+
+    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        # Send the device method call request to the ioHub Server and wait
+        # for the method return value sent back from the ioHub Server.
+        r = self.sendToHub(('EXP_DEVICE', 'DEV_RPC', self.device_class,
+                            self.method_name, args, kwargs))
+        
+        if r is None:
+            # print("r is None:",('EXP_DEVICE', 'DEV_RPC', self.device_class,
+            #                 self.method_name, args, kwargs))
+            return None
+        
+        r = r[1:]
+        if len(r) == 1:
+            r = r[0]
+
+        if self.method_name != 'getEvents':
+            return r
+
+        # The result of a call to an iohub Device getEvents() method
+        # gets some special handling, converting the returned events
+        # into the desired object type, etc...
+        asType = 'namedtuple'
+        if 'asType' in kwargs:
+            asType = kwargs['asType']
+        elif 'as_type' in kwargs:
+            asType = kwargs['as_type']
+
+        conversionMethod = self._returnarg
+        if asType == 'dict':
+            conversionMethod = ioHubConnection.eventListToDict
+        elif asType == 'object':
+            conversionMethod = ioHubConnection.eventListToObject
+        elif asType == 'namedtuple':
+            conversionMethod = ioHubConnection.eventListToNamedTuple
+
+        if self.device_class != 'Experiment':
+            return [conversionMethod(el) for el in r]
+
+        EVT_TYPE_IX = DeviceEvent.EVENT_TYPE_ID_INDEX
+        LOG_EVT = LogEvent.EVENT_TYPE_ID
+        toBeLogged = [el for el in r if el[EVT_TYPE_IX] == LOG_EVT]
+        for l in toBeLogged:
+            r.remove(l)
+            if psycho_logging:
+                ltime = l[self._log_time_index]
+                ltext = l[self._log_text_index]
+                llevel = l[self._log_level_index]
+                psycho_logging.log(ltext, llevel, ltime)
+        return [conversionMethod(el) for el in r]
+
+
+# pylint: disable=protected-access
+
+class ioHubDeviceView():
+    """
+    ioHubDeviceView is used as a client / PsychoPy process side representation
+    of an ioHub device that is actually running on the separate iohub process.
+    An ioHubDeviceView instance allows the PsychoPy script process to call
+    public iohub device methods as if the device method calls were being made
+    locally.
+
+    The ioHubConnection class creates an ioHubDeviceView instance for each
+    ioHub device being run during the experiment.
+
+    ioHubDeviceView instances are never created directly by a user script,
+    they are created for you by the ioHubConnection class when
+    it connects to the ioHub Process.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, hubClient, device_class_path, device_class_name, device_config):
+        self.hubClient = hubClient
+        self.name = device_config.get('name', device_class_name.lower())
+        self.device_class = device_class_name
+        self.device_class_path=device_class_path
+
+        rpc_request = ('EXP_DEVICE', 'GET_DEV_INTERFACE', device_class_name)
+        r = self.hubClient._sendToHubServer(rpc_request)
+        self._methods = r[1]
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        if name in self._methods:
+            r = DeviceRPC(self.hubClient._sendToHubServer, self.device_class, name)
+            return r
+        raise AttributeError(self, name)
+
+    def getName(self):
+        """
+        Gets the name given to the device in the ioHub configuration file.
+        ( the device: name: property )
+
+        Args:
+            None
+
+        Returns:
+            (str): the user defined label / name of the device
+        """
+        return self.name
+
+    def getIOHubDeviceClass(self, full=False):
+        """
+        Gets the ioHub Device class associated with the oHubDeviceView.
+        This is specified for a device in the ioHub configuration file.
+        ( the device: device_class: property )
+
+        :param full:
+
+        Returns:
+            (class): ioHub Device class associated with this ioHubDeviceView
+
+        """
+        if full:
+            return self.device_class_path
+        return self.device_class
+
+    def getDeviceInterface(self):
+        """getDeviceInterface returns a list containing the names of all
+        methods that are callable for the ioHubDeviceView object. Only public
+        methods are included in the interface. Any method beginning with a
+        '_' is not included.
+
+        Args:
+            None
+
+        Returns:
+            (tuple): list of method names in the ioHubDeviceView interface.
+
+        """
+        return self._methods
+
+# pylint: enable=protected-access
+
+class ioHubDevices():
+    """
+    Provides .name access to the ioHub device's created when the ioHub
+    Server is started. Each iohub device is accessible via a dynamically
+    created attribute of this class, the name of which is defined by the
+    device configuration 'name' setting. Each device attribute is an instance
+    of the ioHubDeviceView class.
+
+    A user script never creates an instance of this class directly, access
+    is provided via the ioHubConnection.devices attribute.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, hubClient):
+        self.hubClient = hubClient
+        self._devicesByName = dict()
+
+    def addDevice(self, name, d):
+        setattr(self, name, d)
+        self._devicesByName[name] = d
+
+    def getDevice(self, name):
+        return self._devicesByName.get(name)
+
+    def getAll(self):
+        return self._devicesByName.values()
+
+    def getNames(self):
+        return self._devicesByName.keys()
+
+class ioHubConnection():
+    """ioHubConnection is responsible for creating, sending requests to, and
+    reading replies from the ioHub Process. This class is also used to
+    shut down and disconnect the ioHub Server process.
+
+    The ioHubConnection class is also used as the interface to any ioHub Device
+    instances that have been created so that events from the device can be
+    monitored. These device objects can be accessed via the ioHubConnection
+    .devices attribute, providing 'dot name' access to enabled devices.
+    Alternatively, the .getDevice(name) method can be used and will return
+    None if the device name specified does not exist.
+
+    Using the .devices attribute is handy if you know the name of the device
+    to be accessed and you are sure it is actually enabled on the ioHub
+    Process.
+
+    An example of accessing a device using the .devices attribute::
+
+        # get the Mouse device, named mouse
+        mouse=hub.devices.mouse
+        mouse_position = mouse.getPosition()
+
+        print 'mouse position: ', mouse_position
+
+        # Returns something like:
+        # >> mouse position:  [-211.0, 371.0]
+    """
+    ACTIVE_CONNECTION = None
+
+    def __init__(self, ioHubConfig=None, ioHubConfigAbsPath=None):
+        if ioHubConfig:
+            if not isinstance(ioHubConfig, dict):
+                raise ioHubError(
+                    'The provided ioHub Configuration is not a dictionary.',
+                    ioHubConfig)
+
+        if ioHubConnection.ACTIVE_CONNECTION is not None:
+            raise RuntimeError('An existing ioHubConnection is already open.'
+                                 ' Use ioHubConnection.getActiveConnection() '
+                                 'to access it; or use ioHubConnection.quit() '
+                                 'to close it.')
+        Computer.psychopy_process = psutil.Process()
+
+        # udp port setup
+        self.udp_client = None
+
+        # the dynamically generated object that contains an attribute for
+        # each device registered for monitoring with the ioHub server so
+        # that devices can be accessed experiment process side by device name.
+        self.devices = ioHubDevices(self)
+
+        # A circular buffer used to hold events retrieved from self.getEvents()
+        # during self.wait() periods.
+        self.allEvents = []
+
+        self.experimentID = None
+        self.experimentSessionID = None
+        self._experimentMetaData = None
+        self._sessionMetaData = None
+        self._server_process = None
+        self._iohub_server_config = None
+        self._shutdown_attempted = False
+        self._cv_order = None
+        self._message_cache = []
+        self.iohub_status = self._startServer(ioHubConfig, ioHubConfigAbsPath)
+        if self.iohub_status != 'OK':
+            raise RuntimeError('Error starting ioHub server: {}'.format(self.iohub_status))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def getActiveConnection(cls):
+        return cls.ACTIVE_CONNECTION
+
+    def getDevice(self, deviceName):
+        """
+        Returns the ioHubDeviceView that has a matching name (based on the
+        device : name property specified in the ioHub_config.yaml for the
+        experiment). If no device with the given name is found, None is
+        returned. Example, accessing a Keyboard device that was named 'kb' ::
+
+            keyboard = self.getDevice('kb')
+            kb_events= keyboard.getEvent()
+
+        This is the same as using the 'natural naming' approach supported
+        by the .devices attribute, i.e::
+
+            keyboard = self.devices.kb
+            kb_events= keyboard.getEvent()
+
+        However the advantage of using getDevice(device_name) is that an
+        exception is not created if you provide an invalid device name,
+        or if the device is not enabled on the ioHub server; None is returned
+        instead.
+
+        Args:
+            deviceName (str): Name given to the ioHub Device to be returned
+
+        Returns:
+            The ioHubDeviceView instance for deviceName.
+        """
+        return self.devices.getDevice(deviceName)
+
+    def getEvents(self, device_label=None, as_type='namedtuple'):
+        """Retrieve any events that have been collected by the ioHub Process
+        from monitored devices since the last call to getEvents() or
+        clearEvents().
+
+        By default all events for all monitored devices are returned,
+        with each event being represented as a namedtuple of all event
+        attributes.
+
+        When events are retrieved from an event buffer, they are removed from
+        that buffer as well.
+
+        If events are only needed from one device instead of all devices,
+        providing a valid device name as the device_label argument will
+        result in only events from that device being returned.
+
+        Events can be received in one of several object types by providing the
+        optional as_type property to the method. Valid values for as_type are
+        the following str values:
+
+            * 'list': Each event is a list of ordered attributes.
+            * 'namedtuple': Each event is converted to a namedtuple object.
+            * 'dict': Each event converted to a dict object.
+            * 'object': Each event is converted to a DeviceEvent subclass
+                        based on the event's type.
+
+        Args:
+            device_label (str): Name of device to retrieve events for.
+                                If None ( the default ) returns device events
+                                from all devices.
+
+            as_type (str): Returned event object type. Default: 'namedtuple'.
+
+        Returns:
+            tuple: List of event objects; object type controlled by 'as_type'.
+        """
+        r = None
+        if device_label is None:
+            events = self._sendToHubServer(('GET_EVENTS',))[1]
+            if events is None:
+                r = self.allEvents
+            else:
+                self.allEvents.extend(events)
+                r = self.allEvents
+            self.allEvents = []
+        else:
+            r = self.devices.getDevice(device_label).getEvents()
+
+        if r:
+            if as_type == 'list':
+                return r
+
+            conversionMethod = None
+            if as_type == 'namedtuple':
+                conversionMethod = self.eventListToNamedTuple
+            elif as_type == 'dict':
+                conversionMethod = self.eventListToDict
+            elif as_type == 'object':
+                conversionMethod = self.eventListToObject
+
+            if conversionMethod:
+                return [conversionMethod(el) for el in r]
+            return r
+
+        return []
+
+    def clearEvents(self, device_label='all'):
+        """Clears unread events from the ioHub Server's Event Buffer(s)
+        so that unneeded events are not discarded.
+
+        If device_label is 'all', ( the default ), then events from both the
+        ioHub *Global Event Buffer* and all *Device Event Buffer's*
+        are cleared.
+
+        If device_label is None then all events in the ioHub
+        *Global Event Buffer* are cleared, but the *Device Event Buffers*
+        are unaffected.
+
+        If device_label is a str giving a valid device name, then that
+        *Device Event Buffer* is cleared, but the *Global Event Buffer* is not
+        affected.
+
+        Args:
+            device_label (str): device name, 'all', or None
+
+        Returns:
+            None
+
+        """
+        if device_label.lower() == 'all':
+            self.allEvents = []
+            self._sendToHubServer(('RPC', 'clearEventBuffer', [True, ]))
+            try:
+                self.getDevice('keyboard')._clearLocalEvents()
+            except:
+                pass
+        elif device_label in [None, '', False]:
+            self.allEvents = []
+            self._sendToHubServer(('RPC', 'clearEventBuffer', [False, ]))
+            try:
+                self.getDevice('keyboard')._clearLocalEvents()
+            except:
+                pass
+        else:
+            d = self.devices.getDevice(device_label)
+            if d:
+                d.clearEvents()
+
+    def sendMessageEvent(self, text, category='', offset=0.0, sec_time=None):
+        """
+        Create and send an Experiment MessageEvent to the ioHub Server
+        for storage in the ioDataStore hdf5 file.
+
+        Args:
+            text (str): The text message for the message event. 128 char max.
+
+            category (str): A str grouping code for the message. Optional.
+                            32 char max.
+
+            offset (float): Optional sec.msec offset applied to the
+                            message event time stamp. Default 0.
+
+            sec_time (float): Absolute sec.msec time stamp for the message in.
+                              If not provided, or None, then the MessageEvent
+                              is time stamped when this method is called
+                              using the global timer (core.getTime()).
+        """
+        self.cacheMessageEvent(text, category, offset, sec_time)
+        self._sendToHubServer(('EXP_DEVICE', 'EVENT_TX', self._message_cache))
+        self._message_cache = []
+
+    def cacheMessageEvent(self, text, category='', offset=0.0, sec_time=None):
+        """
+        Create an Experiment MessageEvent and store in local cache.
+        Message must be sent before it is saved to hdf5 file.
+
+        Args:
+            text (str): The text message for the message event. 128 char max.
+
+            category (str): A str grouping code for the message. Optional.
+                            32 char max.
+
+            offset (float): Optional sec.msec offset applied to the
+                            message event time stamp. Default 0.
+
+            sec_time (float): Absolute sec.msec time stamp for the message in.
+                              If not provided, or None, then the MessageEvent
+                              is time stamped when this method is called
+                              using the global timer (core.getTime()).
+        """
+        self._message_cache.append(MessageEvent._createAsList(text, # pylint: disable=protected-access
+                                             category=category,
+                                             msg_offset=offset,
+                                             sec_time=sec_time))
+
+    def sendMessageEvents(self, messageList=[]):
+        if messageList:
+            self.cacheMessageEvents(messageList)
+        if self._message_cache:
+            self._sendToHubServer(('EXP_DEVICE', 'EVENT_TX', self._message_cache))
+            self._message_cache = []
+
+    def cacheMessageEvents(self, messageList):
+        for m in messageList:
+            self._message_cache.append(MessageEvent._createAsList(**m))
+
+    def getHubServerConfig(self):
+        """Returns a dict containing the current ioHub Server configuration.
+
+        Args:
+            None
+
+        Returns:
+            dict: ioHub Server configuration.
+
+        """
+        return self._iohub_server_config
+
+    def getSessionID(self):
+        return self.experimentSessionID
+
+    def getSessionMetaData(self):
+        """Returns a dict representing the experiment session data that is
+        being used for the current ioHub Experiment Session. Changing values in
+        the dict has no effect on the session data that has already been saved
+        to the ioHub DataStore.
+
+        Args:
+            None
+
+        Returns:
+            dict: Experiment Session metadata saved to the ioHub DataStore.
+                  None if the ioHub DataStore is not enabled.
+        """
+        return self._sessionMetaData
+
+    def getExperimentID(self):
+        return self.experimentID
+
+    def getExperimentMetaData(self):
+        """Returns a dict representing the experiment data that is being used
+        for the current ioHub Experiment.
+
+        Args:
+            None
+
+        Returns:
+            dict: Experiment metadata saved to the ioHub DataStore.
+                  None if the ioHub DataStore is not enabled.
+
+        """
+        return self._experimentMetaData
+
+    def wait(self, delay, check_hub_interval=0.02):
+        # TODO: Integrate iohub event collection done in this version of wait
+        # with psychopy wait() and deprecate this method.
+        """Pause the experiment script execution for delay seconds.
+        time.sleep() is used for delays > 0.02 sec (20 msec)
+
+        During the wait period, events are received from iohub every
+        'check_hub_interval' seconds, being buffered so they can be accessed
+        after the wait duration. This is done for two reasons:
+
+            * The iohub server's global and device level event buffers
+              do not start to drop events if one of the (circular) event
+              buffers becomes full during the wait duration.
+            * The number of events in the iohub process event buffers does
+              not becaome too large, which could result in a longer than
+              normal getEvents() call time.
+
+        Args:
+            delay (float): The sec.msec delay until method returns.
+
+            check_hub_interval (float): The sec.msec interval between calls to
+                                        io.getEvents() during the delay period.
+        Returns:
+            float: The actual duration of the delay in sec.msec format.
+
+        """
+        stime = Computer.getTime()
+        targetEndTime = stime + delay
+
+        if check_hub_interval < 0:
+            check_hub_interval = 0
+
+        if check_hub_interval > 0:
+            remainingSec = targetEndTime - Computer.getTime()
+            while remainingSec > check_hub_interval+0.025:
+                time.sleep(check_hub_interval)
+                events = self.getEvents()
+                if events:
+                    self.allEvents.extend(events)
+                # Call win32MessagePump so PsychoPy Windows do not become
+                # 'unresponsive' if delay is long.
+                win32MessagePump()
+                remainingSec = targetEndTime - Computer.getTime()
+
+        time.sleep(max(0.0, targetEndTime - Computer.getTime() - 0.02))
+
+        while (targetEndTime - Computer.getTime()) > 0.0:
+            pass
+
+        return Computer.getTime() - stime
+
+    def createTrialHandlerRecordTable(self, trials, cv_order=None):
+        """
+        Create a condition variable table in the ioHub data file based on
+        the a psychopy TrialHandler. By doing so, the iohub data file
+        can contain the DV and IV values used for each trial of an experiment
+        session, along with all the iohub device events recorded by iohub
+        during the session.
+
+        Example psychopy code usage::
+
+            # Load a trial handler and
+            # create an associated table in the iohub data file
+            #
+            from psychopy.data import TrialHandler, importConditions
+
+            exp_conditions=importConditions('trial_conditions.xlsx')
+            trials = TrialHandler(exp_conditions, 1)
+
+            # Inform the ioHub server about the TrialHandler
+            #
+            io.createTrialHandlerRecordTable(trials)
+
+            # Read a row of the trial handler for
+            # each trial of your experiment
+            #
+            for trial in trials:
+                # do whatever...
+
+
+            # During the trial, trial variable values can be updated
+            #
+            trial['TRIAL_START']=flip_time
+
+            # At the end of each trial, before getting
+            # the next trial handler row, send the trial
+            # variable states to iohub so they can be stored for future
+            # reference.
+            #
+            io.addTrialHandlerRecord(trial)
+
+        """
+        trial = trials.trialList[0]
+        self._cv_order = cv_order
+        if cv_order is None:
+            self._cv_order = trial.keys()
+
+        trial_condition_types = []
+
+        for cond_name in self._cv_order:
+            cond_val = trial[cond_name]
+            if isinstance(cond_val, str):
+                numpy_dtype = (cond_name, 'S', 256)
+            elif isinstance(cond_val, int):
+                numpy_dtype = (cond_name, 'i8')
+            elif isinstance(cond_val, float):
+                numpy_dtype = (cond_name, 'f8')
+            else:
+                numpy_dtype = (cond_name, 'S', 256)
+            trial_condition_types.append(numpy_dtype)
+
+        # pylint: disable=protected-access
+        cvt_rpc = ('RPC', 'initConditionVariableTable',
+                   (self.experimentID, self.experimentSessionID,
+                    trial_condition_types))
+        r = self._sendToHubServer(cvt_rpc)
+        return r[2]
+
+    def addTrialHandlerRecord(self, cv_row):
+        """Adds the values from a TriaHandler row / record to the iohub data
+        file for future data analysis use.
+
+        :param cv_row:
+        :return: None
+
+        """
+        data = []
+        if isinstance(cv_row, (list, tuple)):
+            data = list(cv_row)
+        elif self._cv_order:
+            for cv_name in self._cv_order:
+                data.append(cv_row[cv_name])
+        else:
+            data = list(cv_row.values())
+
+        for i, d in enumerate(data):
+            if isinstance(d, str):
+                data[i] = d.encode('utf-8')
+
+        cvt_rpc = ('RPC', 'extendConditionVariableTable',
+                   (self.experimentID, self.experimentSessionID, data))
+        r = self._sendToHubServer(cvt_rpc)
+        return r[2]
+
+    def registerWindowHandles(self, *winHandles):
+        """
+        Sends 1 - n Window handles to iohub so it can determine if kb or
+        mouse events were targeted at a psychopy window or other window.
+        """
+        r = self._sendToHubServer(('RPC', 'registerWindowHandles', winHandles))
+        return r[2]
+
+    def unregisterWindowHandles(self, *winHandles):
+        """
+        Sends 1 - n Window handles to iohub so it can determine if kb or
+        mouse events were targeted at a psychopy window or other window.
+        """
+        r = self._sendToHubServer(
+            ('RPC', 'unregisterWindowHandles', winHandles))
+        return r[2]
+
+    def updateWindowPos(self, win, x, y):
+        r = self._sendToHubServer(('RPC', 'updateWindowPos', (win._hw_handle, (x, y))))
+        return r[2]
+
+    def getTime(self):
+        """
+        **Deprecated Method:** Use Computer.getTime instead. Remains here for
+        testing time bases between processes only.
+        """
+        return self._sendToHubServer(('RPC', 'getTime'))[2]
+
+    def syncClock(self, clock):
+        """
+        Synchronise ioHub's internal clock with a given instance of MonotonicClock.
+        """
+        params = {
+            '_timeAtLastReset': clock._timeAtLastReset,
+            '_epochTimeAtLastReset': clock._epochTimeAtLastReset,
+            'format': clock.format,
+        }
+        if isinstance(params['format'], type):
+            params['format'] = params['format'].__name__
+        # sync clock in this process
+        for key, value in params.items():
+            setattr(Computer.global_clock, key, value)
+        # sync clock in server process
+        return self._sendToHubServer(('RPC', 'syncClock', (params,)))
+
+    def setPriority(self, level='normal', disable_gc=False):
+        """See Computer.setPriority documentation, where current process will
+        be the iohub process."""
+        return self._sendToHubServer(('RPC', 'setPriority',
+                                      [level, disable_gc]))[2]
+
+    def getPriority(self):
+        """See Computer.getPriority documentation, where current process will
+        be the iohub process."""
+        return self._sendToHubServer(('RPC', 'getPriority'))[2]
+
+    def getProcessAffinity(self):
+        """
+        Returns the current **ioHub Process** affinity setting,
+        as a list of 'processor' id's (from 0 to getSystemProcessorCount()-1).
+        A Process's Affinity determines which CPU's or CPU cores a process can
+        run on. By default the ioHub Process can run on any CPU or CPU core.
+
+        This method is not supported on OS X at this time.
+
+        Args:
+            None
+
+        Returns:
+            list: A list of integer values between 0 and
+                  Computer.getSystemProcessorCount()-1, where values in the
+                  list indicate processing unit indexes that the ioHub
+                  process is able to run on.
+        """
+        r = self._sendToHubServer(('RPC', 'getProcessAffinity'))
+        return r[2]
+
+    def setProcessAffinity(self, processor_list):
+        """
+        Sets the **ioHub Process** Affinity based on the value of
+        processor_list.
+
+        A Process's Affinity determines which CPU's or CPU cores a process can
+        run on. By default the ioHub Process can run on any CPU or CPU core.
+
+        The processor_list argument must be a list of 'processor' id's;
+        integers in the range of 0 to Computer.processing_unit_count-1,
+        representing the processing unit indexes that the ioHub Server should
+        be allowed to run on.
+
+        If processor_list is given as an empty list, the ioHub Process will be
+        able to run on any processing unit on the computer.
+
+        This method is not supported on OS X at this time.
+
+        Args:
+            processor_list (list): A list of integer values between 0 and
+                                   Computer.processing_unit_count-1,
+                                   where values in the list indicate
+                                   processing unit indexes that the ioHub
+                                   process is able to run on.
+
+        Returns:
+            None
+        """
+        r = self._sendToHubServer(
+            ('RPC', 'setProcessAffinity', processor_list))
+        return r[2]
+
+    def addDeviceToMonitor(self, device_class, device_config=None):
+        """
+        Normally this method should not be used, as all devices
+        should be specified when the iohub server is being started.
+
+        Adds a device to the ioHub Server for event monitoring during the
+        experiment. Adding a device to the iohub server after it has been
+        started can take 10'2 to 100's of msec to perform on the ioHub
+        server (depending on the device type). When the device is being added,
+        events from existing devices can not be monitored.
+
+        Args:
+            device_class (str): The iohub class name of the device being added.
+
+            device_config (dict): The device configuration settings to be set.
+                                  Device settings not provided in device_config
+                                  will be set to the default values
+                                  specified by the device.
+
+        Returns:
+            DeviceView Instance: The PsychoPy Process's view of the ioHub
+                                 Device created that was created,
+                                 as would be returned if a device was
+                                 accessed using the .devices attribute
+                                 or the .getDeviceByLabel() method.
+
+        """
+        if device_config is None:
+            device_config = {}
+        drpc = ('EXP_DEVICE', 'ADD_DEVICE', device_class, device_config)
+        r = self._sendToHubServer(drpc)
+        device_class_name, dev_name, _ = r[2]
+        return self._addDeviceView(dev_name, device_class_name)
+
+    def flushDataStoreFile(self):
+        """Manually tell the iohub datastore to flush any events it has buffered in
+        memory to disk. Any cached message events are sent to the iohub server
+        before flushing the iohub datastore.
+
+        Args:
+            None
+
+        Returns:
+            None
+        """
+        self.sendMessageEvents()
+        r = self._sendToHubServer(('RPC', 'flushIODataStoreFile'))
+        return r
+
+    def startCustomTasklet(self, task_name, task_class_path, **class_kwargs):
+        """
+        Instruct the iohub server to start running a custom tasklet given
+        by task_class_path. It is important that the custom task does not block
+        for any significant amount of time, or the processing of events by the
+        iohub server will be negatively effected.
+
+        See the customtask.py demo for an example of how to make a long running
+        task not block the rest of the iohub server.
+        """
+        class_kwargs.setdefault('name', task_name)
+        r = self._sendToHubServer(('CUSTOM_TASK', 'START', task_name,
+                                   task_class_path, class_kwargs))
+        return r
+
+    def stopCustomTasklet(self, task_name):
+        """
+        Instruct the iohub server to stop the custom task that was previously
+        started by calling self.startCustomTasklet(....). task_name identifies
+        which custom task should be stopped and must match the task_name
+        of a previously started custom task.
+        """
+        r = self._sendToHubServer(('CUSTOM_TASK', 'STOP', task_name))
+        return r
+
+    def shutdown(self):
+        """Tells the ioHub Server to close all ioHub Devices, the ioDataStore,
+        and the connection monitor between the PsychoPy and ioHub Processes.
+        Then end the server process itself.
+
+        Args:
+            None
+
+        Returns:
+            None
+
+        """
+        self._shutDownServer()
+
+    def quit(self):
+        """Same as the shutdown() method, but has same name as PsychoPy
+        core.quit() so maybe easier to remember."""
+        self.shutdown()
+
+    # Private Methods.....
+
+    def _startServer(self, ioHubConfig=None, ioHubConfigAbsPath=None):
+        """Starts the ioHub Process, storing it's process id, and creating the
+        experiment side device representation for IPC access to public device
+        methods."""
+        experiment_info = None
+        session_info = None
+        hub_defaults_config = {}
+        rootScriptPath = os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0])
+        if len(rootScriptPath)<=1:
+            rootScriptPath = os.path.abspath(".")
+        # >>>>> Load / Create / Update iohub config file.....
+        cfpath = os.path.join(IOHUB_DIRECTORY, 'default_config.yaml')
+        with open(cfpath, 'r') as config_file:
+            hub_defaults_config = yload(config_file, Loader=yLoader)
+
+        if ioHubConfigAbsPath is None and ioHubConfig is None:
+            ioHubConfig = dict(monitor_devices=[dict(Keyboard={}),
+                                                dict(Display={}),
+                                                dict(Mouse={})])
+        elif ioHubConfig is not None and ioHubConfigAbsPath is None:
+            if 'monitor_devices' not in ioHubConfig:
+                raise KeyError("ioHubConfig must be provided with "
+                               "'monitor_devices' key:value.")
+            if 'data_store' in ioHubConfig:
+                iods = ioHubConfig['data_store']
+                if 'experiment_info' in iods and 'session_info' in iods:
+                    experiment_info = iods['experiment_info']
+                    session_info = iods['session_info']
+                else:
+                    raise KeyError("ERROR: ioHubConfig:ioDataStore must "
+                                   "contain both a 'experiment_info' and a "
+                                   "'session_info' entry.")
+        elif ioHubConfigAbsPath is not None and ioHubConfig is None:
+            with open(ioHubConfigAbsPath, 'r') as config_file:
+                ioHubConfig = yload(config_file, Loader=yLoader)
+        else:
+            raise ValueError('Both a ioHubConfig dict object AND a path to an '
+                             'ioHubConfig file can not be provided.')
+
+        if ioHubConfig:
+            updateDict(ioHubConfig, hub_defaults_config)
+
+        if ioHubConfig and ioHubConfigAbsPath is None:
+            if isinstance(ioHubConfig.get('monitor_devices'), dict):
+                # short hand device spec is being used. Convert dict of
+                # devices in a list of device dicts.
+                devs = ioHubConfig.get('monitor_devices')
+                devsList = [{dname: dc} for dname, dc in devs.items()]
+                ioHubConfig['monitor_devices'] = devsList
+
+            import tempfile
+            with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode='w', suffix='iohub',
+                                             delete=False) as tfile:
+                tfile.write(json.dumps(ioHubConfig))
+                ioHubConfigAbsPath = os.path.abspath(tfile.name)
+        # <<<<< Finished Load / Create / Update iohub config file.
+
+        self._iohub_server_config = ioHubConfig
+
+        if sys.platform == 'darwin':
+            self._osxKillAndFreePort()
+
+        # >>>> Start iohub subprocess
+        run_script = os.path.join(IOHUB_DIRECTORY, 'start_iohub_process.py')
+        subprocessArgList = [sys.executable,
+                             run_script,
+                             '%.6f' % Computer.global_clock.getLastResetTime(),
+                             rootScriptPath,
+                             ioHubConfigAbsPath,
+                             "{}".format(Computer.current_process.pid)]
+
+        # To enable coverage in the iohub process, set the iohub\default_config
+        # setting 'coverage_env_var' to the name of the coverage
+        # config file that exists in the psychopy\iohub site-packages folder.
+        # For example:
+        #   coverage_env_var: .coveragerc
+        #
+        # If coverage_env_var is None or the file is not found,
+        # coverage of ioHub Server process is disabled.
+        coverage_env_var = self._iohub_server_config.get('coverage_env_var')
+
+        envars = dict(os.environ)
+        if coverage_env_var not in [None, 'None']:
+            coverage_env_var = "{}".format(coverage_env_var)
+            cov_config_path = os.path.join(IOHUB_DIRECTORY, coverage_env_var)
+            if os.path.exists(cov_config_path):
+                print("Coverage enabled for ioHub Server Process.")
+            else:
+                print("ioHub Process Coverage conf file not found: %s",
+                      cov_config_path)
+            envars['COVERAGE_PROCESS_START'] = coverage_env_var
+
+        self._server_process = subprocess.Popen(subprocessArgList,
+                                                env=envars,
+                                                cwd=IOHUB_DIRECTORY,
+                                                # set sub process stderr to be stdout so PsychoPy Runner
+                                                # shows errors from iohub
+                                                stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
+                                                )
+
+        # Get iohub server pid and psutil process object
+        # for affinity and process priority setting.
+        Computer.iohub_process_id = self._server_process.pid
+        Computer.iohub_process = psutil.Process(self._server_process.pid)
+
+        # >>>>> Create open UDP port to ioHub Server
+        server_udp_port = self._iohub_server_config.get('udp_port', 9000)
+        from ..net import UDPClientConnection
+        # initially open with a timeout so macOS does not hang.        
+        self.udp_client = UDPClientConnection(remote_port=server_udp_port, timeout=0.1)
+
+        # If ioHub server does not respond correctly,
+        # terminate process and exit the program.
+        if self._waitForServerInit() is False:
+            self._server_process.terminate()
+            return "ioHub startup failed."
+        
+        # close and reopen blocking version of socket
+        self.udp_client.close()
+        self.udp_client = UDPClientConnection(remote_port=server_udp_port)
+        # <<<<< Done Creating open UDP port to ioHub Server
+
+        # <<<<< Done starting iohub subprocess
+
+        ioHubConnection.ACTIVE_CONNECTION = proxy(self)
+        # Send iohub server any existing open psychopy window handles.
+        try:
+            from psychopy.visual import window
+            window.IOHUB_ACTIVE = True
+            if window.openWindows:
+                whs = []
+                # pylint: disable=protected-access
+                for w in window.openWindows:
+                    winfo = windowInfoDict(w())
+                    whs.append(winfo)
+                    w().backend.onMoveCallback = self.updateWindowPos
+                self.registerWindowHandles(*whs)
+        except ImportError:
+            pass
+
+        # Sending experiment_info if available.....
+        if experiment_info:
+            self._sendExperimentInfo(experiment_info)
+        # Sending session_info if available.....
+        if session_info:
+            # print 'Sending session_info: {0}'.format(session_info)
+            self._sendSessionInfo(session_info)
+
+        # >>>> Creating client side iohub device wrappers...
+        self._createDeviceList(ioHubConfig['monitor_devices'])
+
+        return 'OK'
+
+    def _waitForServerInit(self):
+        # >>>> Wait for iohub server ready signal ....
+        hubonline = False
+        # timeout if ioServer does not reply in 30 seconds
+        timeout_duration = self._iohub_server_config.get('start_process_timeout', 30.0)
+        timeout_time = Computer.getTime() + timeout_duration
+        while hubonline is False and Computer.getTime() < timeout_time:
+            r = self._sendToHubServer(['GET_IOHUB_STATUS', ])
+            if r:
+                hubonline = r[1] == 'RUNNING'
+            time.sleep(0.1)
+        return hubonline
+
+        # # <<<< Finished wait for iohub server ready signal ....
+
+    def _createDeviceList(self, monitor_devices_config):
+        """Create client side iohub device views.
+        """
+        # get the list of devices registered with the ioHub
+        for device_config_dict in monitor_devices_config:
+            device_class_name = list(device_config_dict.keys())[0]
+            device_config = list(device_config_dict.values())[0]
+            if device_config.get('enable', True) is True:
+                try:
+                    self._addDeviceView(device_class_name, device_config)
+                except Exception: # pylint: disable=broad-except
+                    print2err('_createDeviceList: Error adding class. ')
+                    printExceptionDetailsToStdErr()
+
+    def _addDeviceView(self, dev_cls_name, dev_config):
+        """Add an iohub device view to self.devices"""
+        try:
+            name = dev_config.get('name', dev_cls_name.lower())
+            dev_cls_name = "{}".format(dev_cls_name)
+            dev_name = dev_cls_name.lower()
+            cls_name_start = dev_name.rfind('.')
+            dev_mod_pth = 'psychopy.iohub.devices.'
+            if cls_name_start > 0:
+                dev_mod_pth2 = dev_name[:cls_name_start]
+                dev_mod_pth = '{0}{1}'.format(dev_mod_pth, dev_mod_pth2)
+                dev_cls_name = dev_cls_name[cls_name_start + 1:]
+            else:
+                dev_mod_pth = '{0}{1}'.format(dev_mod_pth, dev_name)
+
+            dev_import_result = import_device(dev_mod_pth, dev_cls_name)
+            dev_cls, dev_cls_name, evt_cls_list = dev_import_result
+
+            DeviceConstants.addClassMapping(dev_cls)
+
+            device_event_ids = []
+            for ev in list(evt_cls_list.values()):
+                if ev.EVENT_TYPE_ID:
+                    device_event_ids.append(ev.EVENT_TYPE_ID)
+            EventConstants.addClassMappings(device_event_ids, evt_cls_list)
+
+            name_start = name.rfind('.')
+            if name_start > 0:
+                name = name[name_start + 1:]
+
+            from .. import client as iohubclientmod
+            local_class = None
+            local_module = getattr(iohubclientmod, dev_cls_name.lower(), False)
+            if local_module:
+                # need to touch local_module since it was lazy loaded
+
+                # pylint: disable=exec-used
+                exec('import psychopy.iohub.client.{}'.format(dev_cls_name.lower()))
+                local_class = getattr(local_module, dev_cls_name, False)
+
+            if local_class:
+                d = local_class(self, dev_cls_name, dev_config)
+            else:
+                full_device_class_name = getFullClassName(dev_cls)[len('psychopy.iohub.devices.'):]
+                full_device_class_name = full_device_class_name.replace('eyetracker.EyeTracker', 'EyeTracker')
+                d = ioHubDeviceView(self, full_device_class_name, dev_cls_name, dev_config)
+
+            self.devices.addDevice(name, d)
+            return d
+        except Exception: # pylint: disable=broad-except
+            print2err('_addDeviceView: Error adding class. ')
+            printExceptionDetailsToStdErr()
+        return None
+
+    def _convertDict(self, d):
+        r = {}
+        for k, v in d.items():
+            if isinstance(v, bytes):
+                v = str(v, 'utf-8')
+            elif isinstance(v, list) or  isinstance(v, tuple):
+                v = self._convertList(v)
+            elif isinstance(v, dict):
+                v = self._convertDict(v)
+        
+            if isinstance(k, bytes):
+                k = str(k, 'utf-8')
+            r[k]=v
+        return r
+
+    def _convertList(self, l):
+        r = []
+        for i in l:
+            if isinstance(i, bytes):
+                r.append(str(i, 'utf-8'))
+            elif isinstance(i, list) or  isinstance(i, tuple):
+                r.append(self._convertList(i))
+            elif isinstance(i, dict):
+                r.append(self._convertDict(i))
+            else:
+                r.append(i)
+        return r
+
+    def _sendToHubServer(self, tx_data):
+        """General purpose local <-> iohub server process UDP based
+        request - reply code. The method blocks until the request is fulfilled
+        and and a response is received from the ioHub server.
+
+        Args:
+            tx_data (tuple): data to send to iohub server
+
+        Return (object): response from the ioHub Server process.
+        """
+        try:
+            # send request to host, return is # bytes sent.
+            #print("SEND:",tx_data)
+            self.udp_client.sendTo(tx_data)
+        except Exception as e: # pylint: disable=broad-except
+            import traceback
+            traceback.print_exc()
+            self.shutdown()
+            raise e
+        
+        result = None
+        
+        try:
+            # wait for response from ioHub server, which will be the
+            # result data and iohub server address (ip4,port).
+            result = self.udp_client.receive()
+            if result:
+                result, _ = result
+            #print("RESULT:",result)
+        except Exception as e: # pylint: disable=broad-except
+            import traceback
+            traceback.print_exc()
+            self.shutdown()
+            raise e
+
+        # check if the reply is an error or not. If it is, raise the error.
+        # TODO: This is not really working as planned, in part because iohub
+        #       server does not consistently return error responses when needed
+        errorReply = self._isErrorReply(result)
+        if errorReply:           
+            raise ioHubError(result)
+        # Otherwise return the result
+        
+        if result is not None:
+            # Use recursive conversion funcs                     
+            if isinstance(result, list) or  isinstance(result, tuple):
+                result = self._convertList(result)
+            elif isinstance(result, dict):
+                result = self._convertDict(result)
+        return result
+
+    def _sendExperimentInfo(self, experimentInfoDict):
+        """Sends the experiment info from the experiment config file to the
+        ioHub Server, which passes it to the ioDataStore, determines if the
+        experiment already exists in the hdf5 file based on 'experiment_code',
+        and returns a new or existing experiment ID based on that criteria.
+        """
+        fieldOrder = (('experiment_id', 0), ('code', ''), ('title', ''),
+                      ('description', ''), ('version', ''))
+        values = []
+        for key, defaultValue in fieldOrder:
+            if key in experimentInfoDict:
+                values.append(experimentInfoDict[key])
+            else:
+                values.append(defaultValue)
+                experimentInfoDict[key] = defaultValue
+
+        r = self._sendToHubServer(('RPC', 'setExperimentInfo', (values,)))
+        self.experimentID = r[2]
+        experimentInfoDict['experiment_id'] = self.experimentID
+        self._experimentMetaData = experimentInfoDict
+        return r[2]
+
+    def _sendSessionInfo(self, sess_info):
+        """Sends the experiment session info from the experiment config file
+        and the values entered into the session dialog to the ioHub Server,
+        which passes it to the ioDataStore.
+
+        The dataStore determines if the session already exists in the
+        experiment file based on 'session_code', and returns a new
+        session ID  if session_code is not in use by the experiment.
+        """
+        if self.experimentID is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("Experiment ID must be set by calling"
+                               " _sendExperimentInfo before calling"
+                               " _sendSessionInfo.")
+        if 'code' not in sess_info:
+            raise ValueError("Code must be provided in sessionInfoDict"
+                             " ( StringCol(24) ).")
+        if 'name' not in sess_info:
+            sess_info['name'] = ''
+        if 'comments' not in sess_info:
+            sess_info['comments'] = ''
+        if 'user_variables' not in sess_info:
+            sess_info['user_variables'] = {}
+
+        org_sess_info = sess_info['user_variables']
+
+        sess_info['user_variables'] = json.dumps(sess_info['user_variables'])
+        r = self._sendToHubServer(('RPC', 'createExperimentSessionEntry',
+                                   (sess_info,))
+                                 )
+
+        self.experimentSessionID = r[2]
+        sess_info['user_variables'] = org_sess_info
+        sess_info['session_id'] = self.experimentSessionID
+        self._sessionMetaData = sess_info
+        return sess_info['session_id']
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def eventListToObject(evt_data):
+        """Convert an ioHub event currently in list value format into the
+        correct ioHub.devices.DeviceEvent subclass for the given event type."""
+        evt_type = evt_data[DeviceEvent.EVENT_TYPE_ID_INDEX]
+        return EventConstants.getClass(evt_type).createEventAsClass(evt_data)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def eventListToDict(evt_data):
+        """Convert an ioHub event currently in list value format into
+        the event as a dictionary of attribute name, attribute values."""
+        if isinstance(evt_data, dict):
+            return evt_data
+        etype = evt_data[DeviceEvent.EVENT_TYPE_ID_INDEX]
+        return EventConstants.getClass(etype).createEventAsDict(evt_data)
+
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def eventListToNamedTuple(evt_data):
+        """Convert an ioHub event currently in list value format into the
+         namedtuple format for an event."""
+        if not isinstance(evt_data, list):
+            return evt_data
+        etype = evt_data[DeviceEvent.EVENT_TYPE_ID_INDEX]
+        return EventConstants.getClass(etype).createEventAsNamedTuple(evt_data)
+
+    # client utility methods.
+    def _getDeviceList(self):
+        r = self._sendToHubServer(('EXP_DEVICE', 'GET_DEVICE_LIST'))
+        return r[2]
+
+    def _shutDownServer(self):
+        if self._shutdown_attempted is False:
+            # send any cached experiment messages
+            self.sendMessageEvents()
+
+            try:
+                from psychopy.visual import window
+                window.IOHUB_ACTIVE = False
+            except ImportError:
+                pass
+
+            self._shutdown_attempted = True
+            TimeoutError = psutil.TimeoutExpired
+            try:
+                if self.udp_client:  # if it isn't already garbage-collected
+                    self.udp_client.sendTo(('STOP_IOHUB_SERVER',))
+                    self.udp_client.close()
+                if Computer.iohub_process:
+                    r = Computer.iohub_process.wait(timeout=5)
+                    print('ioHub Server Process Completed With Code: ', r)
+            except TimeoutError:
+                print('Warning: TimeoutExpired, Killing ioHub Server process.')
+                Computer.iohub_process.kill()
+            except Exception:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
+                print("Warning: Unhandled Exception. "
+                      "Killing ioHub Server process.")
+                if Computer.iohub_process:
+                    Computer.iohub_process.kill()
+                printExceptionDetailsToStdErr()
+            finally:
+                ioHubConnection.ACTIVE_CONNECTION = None
+                self._server_process = None
+                Computer.iohub_process_id = None
+                Computer.iohub_process = None
+            return True
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _isErrorReply(data):
+        """
+        Check if an iohub server reply contains an error that should be raised
+        by the local process.
+        """
+        # is it an ioHub error object?
+        if isinstance(data, ioHubError):
+            return True
+
+        if isIterable(data) and len(data) > 0:
+            d0 = data[0]
+            if isIterable(d0):
+                return False
+            else:
+                if isinstance(d0, str) and d0.find('ERROR') >= 0:
+                    return data
+                return False
+        else:
+            return data #'Invalid Response Received from ioHub Server'
+
+
+    def _osxKillAndFreePort(self):
+        server_udp_port = self._iohub_server_config.get('udp_port', 9000)
+        p = subprocess.Popen(['lsof', '-i:%d'%server_udp_port, '-P'],
+                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                             encoding='utf-8')
+        lines = p.communicate()[0]
+        for line in lines.splitlines():
+            if line.startswith('Python'):
+                PID, userID = line.split()[1:3]
+                # could verify same userID as current user, probably not needed
+                os.kill(int(PID), signal.SIGKILL)
+                print('Called  os.kill(int(PID),signal.SIGKILL): ', PID, userID)
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        try:
+            self._shutDownServer()
+            ioHubConnection.ACTIVE_CONNECTION = None
+        except Exception: # pylint: disable=broad-except
+            pass
+
+##############################################################################
+
+class ioEvent():
+    """
+    Parent class for all events generated by a psychopy.iohub.client
+    Device wrapper.
+    """
+    _attrib_index = dict()
+    _attrib_index['id'] = DeviceEvent.EVENT_ID_INDEX
+    _attrib_index['time'] = DeviceEvent.EVENT_HUB_TIME_INDEX
+    _attrib_index['type'] = DeviceEvent.EVENT_TYPE_ID_INDEX
+
+    def __init__(self, ioe_array, device=None):
+        self._time = ioe_array[ioEvent._attrib_index['time']]
+        self._id = ioe_array[ioEvent._attrib_index['id']]
+        self._type = ioe_array[ioEvent._attrib_index['type']]
+        self._device = device
+
+    @property
+    def device(self):
+        """
+        The ioHubDeviceView that is associated with the event, i.e. the
+        iohub device view for the device that generated the event.
+
+        :return: ioHubDeviceView
+
+        """
+        return self._device
+
+    @property
+    def time(self):
+        """
+        The time stamp of the event. Uses the same time base that is used by
+        psychopy.core.getTime()
+
+        :return: float
+        """
+        return self._time
+
+    @property
+    def id(self):
+        """The unique id for the event; in some cases used to track associated
+        events.
+
+        :return: int
+
+        """
+        return self._id
+
+    @property
+    def type(self):
+        """The event type string constant.
+
+        :return: str
+
+        """
+        return EventConstants.getName(self._type)
+
+    @property
+    def dict(self):
+        d = {}
+        for k in self._attrib_index:
+            d[k] = getattr(self, k)
+        return d
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return 'time: %.3f, type: %s, id: %d' % (self.time,
+                                                 self.type,
+                                                 self.id)
+
+_lazyImports = """
+from psychopy.iohub.client.connect import launchHubServer
+from psychopy.iohub.client import keyboard
+from psychopy.iohub.client import wintab
+"""
+
+try:
+    lazy_import(globals(), _lazyImports)
+except Exception as e: #pylint: disable=broad-except
+    print2err('lazy_import Exception:', e)
+    exec(_lazyImports) #pylint: disable=exec-used