passagemath-symbolics 10.6.37__cp310-cp310-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl

sage/manifolds/section_module.py

@@ -0,0 +1,831 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-symbolics
+r"""
+Section Modules
+
+The set of sections over a vector bundle `E \to M` of class `C^k` on a domain
+`U \in M` is a module over the algebra `C^k(U)` of scalar fields on `U`.
+
+Depending on the domain, there are two classes of section modules:
+
+- :class:`SectionModule` for local sections over a non-trivial part of a
+  topological vector bundle
+- :class:`SectionFreeModule` for local sections over a trivial part of a
+  topological vector bundle
+
+AUTHORS:
+
+- Michael Jung (2019): initial version
+"""
+
+#******************************************************************************
+#       Copyright (C) 2015 Eric Gourgoulhon <eric.gourgoulhon@obspm.fr>
+#       Copyright (C) 2019 Michael Jung <micjung@uni-potsdam.de>
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
+#  as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
+#  the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#                  http://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+#******************************************************************************
+
+from sage.categories.modules import Modules
+from sage.manifolds.section import Section, TrivialSection
+from sage.misc.cachefunc import cached_method
+from sage.rings.infinity import infinity
+from sage.structure.parent import Parent
+from sage.structure.unique_representation import UniqueRepresentation
+from sage.tensor.modules.finite_rank_free_module import FiniteRankFreeModule
+
+
+class SectionModule(UniqueRepresentation, Parent):
+    r"""
+    Module of sections over a vector bundle `E \to M` of class `C^k` on a domain
+    `U \in M`.
+
+    The *section module* `C^k(U;E)` is the set of all `C^k`-maps, called
+    *sections*, of type
+
+    .. MATH::
+
+        s: U \longrightarrow E
+
+    such that
+
+    .. MATH::
+
+        \forall p \in U,\ s(p) \in E_p,
+
+    where `E_p` is the vector bundle fiber of `E` at the point `p`.
+
+    `C^k(U;E)` is a module over `C^k(U)`, the algebra of `C^k` scalar fields on
+    `U`.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``vbundle`` -- vector bundle `E` on which the sections takes its values
+    - ``domain`` -- (default: ``None``) subdomain `U` of the base space on which
+      the sections are defined
+
+    EXAMPLES:
+
+    Module of sections on the Möbius bundle::
+
+        sage: M = Manifold(1, 'RP^1', structure='top', start_index=1)
+        sage: U = M.open_subset('U')  # the complement of one point
+        sage: c_u.<u> =  U.chart() # [1:u] in homogeneous coord.
+        sage: V = M.open_subset('V') # the complement of the point u=0
+        sage: M.declare_union(U,V)   # [v:1] in homogeneous coord.
+        sage: c_v.<v> = V.chart()
+        sage: u_to_v = c_u.transition_map(c_v, (1/u),
+        ....:                             intersection_name='W',
+        ....:                             restrictions1 = u!=0,
+        ....:                             restrictions2 = v!=0)
+        sage: v_to_u = u_to_v.inverse()
+        sage: W = U.intersection(V)
+        sage: E = M.vector_bundle(1, 'E')
+        sage: phi_U = E.trivialization('phi_U', latex_name=r'\varphi_U',
+        ....:                          domain=U)
+        sage: phi_V = E.trivialization('phi_V', latex_name=r'\varphi_V',
+        ....:                          domain=V)
+        sage: transf = phi_U.transition_map(phi_V, [[u]])
+        sage: C0 = E.section_module(); C0
+        Module C^0(RP^1;E) of sections on the 1-dimensional topological manifold
+         RP^1 with values in the real vector bundle E of rank 1
+
+    `C^0(\RR P^1;E)` is a module over the algebra `C^0(\RR P^1)`::
+
+        sage: C0.category()
+        Category of modules over Algebra of scalar fields on the 1-dimensional
+         topological manifold RP^1
+        sage: C0.base_ring() is M.scalar_field_algebra()
+        True
+
+    However, `C^0(\RR P^1;E)` is not a free module::
+
+        sage: isinstance(C0, FiniteRankFreeModule)
+        False
+
+    since the Möbius bundle is not trivial::
+
+        sage: E.is_manifestly_trivial()
+        False
+
+    The section module over `U`, on the other hand, is a free module since
+    `E|_U` admits a trivialization and therefore has a local frame::
+
+        sage: C0_U = E.section_module(domain=U)
+        sage: isinstance(C0_U, FiniteRankFreeModule)
+        True
+
+    The zero element of the module::
+
+        sage: z = C0.zero() ; z
+        Section zero on the 1-dimensional topological manifold RP^1 with values
+         in the real vector bundle E of rank 1
+        sage: z.display(phi_U.frame())
+        zero = 0
+        sage: z.display(phi_V.frame())
+        zero = 0
+
+    The module `C^0(M;E)` coerces to any module of sections defined
+    on a subdomain of `M`, for instance `C^0(U;E)`::
+
+        sage: C0_U.has_coerce_map_from(C0)
+        True
+        sage: C0_U.coerce_map_from(C0)
+        Coercion map:
+          From: Module C^0(RP^1;E) of sections on the 1-dimensional topological
+           manifold RP^1 with values in the real vector bundle E of rank 1
+          To:   Free module C^0(U;E) of sections on the Open subset U of the
+           1-dimensional topological manifold RP^1 with values in the real vector
+           bundle E of rank 1
+
+    The conversion map is actually the restriction of sections defined
+    on `M` to `U`.
+    """
+    Element = Section
+
+    def __init__(self, vbundle, domain):
+        r"""
+        Construct the module of continuous sections over a vector bundle.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(1, 'S^1', latex_name=r'S^1', start_index=1,
+            ....:               structure='topological')
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U')
+            sage: c_x.<x> = U.chart()
+            sage: V = M.open_subset('V')
+            sage: c_u.<u> = V.chart()
+            sage: M.declare_union(U, V)
+            sage: x_to_u = c_x.transition_map(c_u, 1/x, intersection_name='W',
+            ....:                   restrictions1= x!=0, restrictions2= u!=0)
+            sage: W = U.intersection(V)
+            sage: u_to_x = x_to_u.inverse()
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(1, 'E')
+            sage: phi_U = E.trivialization('phi_U', latex_name=r'\varphi_U',
+            ....:                          domain=U)
+            sage: phi_V = E.trivialization('phi_V', latex_name=r'\varphi_V',
+            ....:                          domain=V)
+            sage: transf = phi_U.transition_map(phi_V, [[-1]])
+            sage: C0 = E.section_module(); C0
+            Module C^0(S^1;E) of sections on the 1-dimensional topological
+             manifold S^1 with values in the real vector bundle E of rank 1
+            sage: TestSuite(C0).run()
+        """
+        base_space = vbundle.base_space()
+        if not domain.is_subset(base_space):
+            raise ValueError("domain must be a subset of base space")
+        if vbundle._diff_degree == infinity:
+            repr_deg = "infinity" # to skip the "+" in repr(infinity)
+            latex_deg = r"\infty" # to skip the "+" in latex(infinity)
+        else:
+            repr_deg = r"{}".format(vbundle._diff_degree)
+            latex_deg = r"{}".format(vbundle._diff_degree)
+        self._name = "C^{}({};{})".format(repr_deg, domain._name, vbundle._name)
+        self._latex_name = r"C^{" + latex_deg + r"}" + \
+                           r"({};{})".format(domain._latex_name,
+                                             vbundle._latex_name)
+        self._vbundle = vbundle
+        self._domain = domain
+        self._base_space = vbundle.base_space()
+        self._ring = domain.scalar_field_algebra()
+        self._def_frame = None
+        Parent.__init__(self, base=self._ring,
+                        category=Modules(self._ring))
+
+    #### Begin of parent methods
+
+    def _element_constructor_(self, comp=[], frame=None, name=None,
+                              latex_name=None):
+        r"""
+        Construct an element of the module.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(3, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: c_xyz.<x,y,z> = M.chart()
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U'); V = M.open_subset('V')
+            sage: c_xyz_U = c_xyz.restrict(U); c_xyz_V = c_xyz.restrict(V)
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: C0 = E.section_module()
+            sage: e = E.local_frame('e', domain=U)
+            sage: f = E.local_frame('f', domain=V)
+            sage: s = C0([-x,y], frame=e, name='s'); s
+            Section s on the 3-dimensional topological manifold M with values in
+             the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+            sage: s.display(e)
+            s = -x e_0 + y e_1
+            sage: C0(0) is C0.zero()
+            True
+        """
+        try:
+            if comp.is_trivial_zero():
+                return self.zero()
+        except AttributeError:
+            if comp == 0:
+                return self.zero()
+        if isinstance(comp, Section):
+            if self._domain.is_subset(comp._domain):
+                return comp.restrict(self._domain)
+            else:
+                raise ValueError("cannot convert the {} ".format(comp) +
+                                 "to a local section in {}".format(self))
+        if not isinstance(comp, (list, tuple)):
+            raise TypeError("cannot convert the {} ".format(comp) +
+                            "to an element of {}".format(self))
+        # standard construction
+        resu = self.element_class(self, name=name, latex_name=latex_name)
+        if comp:
+            resu.set_comp(frame)[:] = comp
+        return resu
+
+    def _an_element_(self):
+        r"""
+        Construct some (unnamed) element of the module.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U'); V = M.open_subset('V')
+            sage: c_xy.<x,y> = U.chart(); c_uv.<u,v> = V.chart()
+            sage: M.declare_union(U,V)
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: C0 = E.section_module()
+            sage: C0._an_element_()
+            Section on the 2-dimensional topological manifold M with values in
+             the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+        """
+        resu = self.element_class(self)
+        for oc in self._domain.open_covers(trivial=False):
+            # the first non-trivial open cover is selected
+            for dom in oc:
+                smodule_dom = self._vbundle.section_module(domain=dom)
+                resu.set_restriction(smodule_dom._an_element_())
+            return resu
+        return resu
+
+    def _coerce_map_from_(self, other):
+        r"""
+        Determine whether coercion to ``self`` exists from ``other`` parent.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U')
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: C0 = E.section_module()
+            sage: C0_U = E.section_module(domain=U)
+            sage: C0._coerce_map_from_(C0_U)
+            False
+            sage: C0_U._coerce_map_from_(C0)
+            True
+        """
+        if isinstance(other, (SectionModule, SectionFreeModule)):
+            return self._domain.is_subset(other._domain)
+        else:
+            return False
+
+    #### End of parent methods
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        r"""
+        String representation of the object.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: C0 = E.section_module()
+            sage: C0._repr_()
+            'Module C^0(M;E) of sections on the 2-dimensional topological
+             manifold M with values in the real vector bundle E of rank 2'
+            sage: repr(C0)  # indirect doctest
+            'Module C^0(M;E) of sections on the 2-dimensional topological
+             manifold M with values in the real vector bundle E of rank 2'
+            sage: C0  # indirect doctest
+            Module C^0(M;E) of sections on the 2-dimensional topological
+             manifold M with values in the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+        """
+        desc = "Module {} of sections on the {} with values in the {} vector " \
+               "bundle {} of rank {}"
+        desc = desc.format(self._name, self._domain,
+                           self._vbundle.base_field_type(),
+                           self._vbundle._name,
+                           self._vbundle.rank())
+        return desc
+
+    def _latex_(self):
+        r"""
+        LaTeX representation of the object.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M')
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: C = E.section_module()
+            sage: C._latex_()
+            'C^{\\infty}(M;E)'
+            sage: latex(C) # indirect doctest
+            C^{\infty}(M;E)
+        """
+        return self._latex_name
+
+    def base_space(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the base space of the sections in this module.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(3, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U')
+            sage: E = U.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: C0 = E.section_module(); C0
+            Module C^0(U;E) of sections on the Open subset U of the
+             3-dimensional topological manifold M with values in the real vector
+             bundle E of rank 2
+            sage: C0.base_space()
+            Open subset U of the 3-dimensional topological manifold M
+        """
+        return self._base_space
+
+    def domain(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the domain of the section module.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(3, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U')
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: C0_U = E.section_module(domain=U); C0_U
+            Module C^0(U;E) of sections on the Open subset U of the
+             3-dimensional topological manifold M with values in the real vector
+             bundle E of rank 2
+            sage: C0_U.domain()
+            Open subset U of the 3-dimensional topological manifold M
+        """
+        return self._domain
+
+    def vector_bundle(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the overlying vector bundle on which the section module is
+        defined.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(3, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: C0 = E.section_module(); C0
+            Module C^0(M;E) of sections on the 3-dimensional topological
+             manifold M with values in the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+            sage: C0.vector_bundle()
+            Topological real vector bundle E -> M of rank 2 over the base space
+             3-dimensional topological manifold M
+            sage: E is C0.vector_bundle()
+            True
+        """
+        return self._vbundle
+
+    @cached_method
+    def zero(self):
+        """
+        Return the zero of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: X.<x,y> = M.chart()
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: C0 = E.section_module()
+            sage: z = C0.zero(); z
+            Section zero on the 2-dimensional topological manifold M with values
+             in the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+            sage: z == 0
+            True
+        """
+        res = self.element_class(self, name='zero', latex_name='0')
+        for frame in self._vbundle._frames:
+            if frame._domain.is_subset(self._domain):
+                res.add_comp(frame)
+                # (since new components are initialized to zero)
+        res.set_immutable()
+        return res
+
+    def default_frame(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the default frame defined on ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+
+        Get the default local frame of a non-trivial section module::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(3, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U')
+            sage: V = M.open_subset('V')
+            sage: M.declare_union(U, V)
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: C0 = E.section_module()
+            sage: e = E.local_frame('e', domain=U)
+            sage: C0.default_frame()
+            Local frame (E|_U, (e_0,e_1))
+
+        The local frame is indeed the same, and not a copy::
+
+            sage: e is C0.default_frame()
+            True
+        """
+        return self._def_frame
+
+    def set_default_frame(self, basis):
+        r"""
+        Set the default local frame on ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES:
+
+        Set a default frame of a non-trivial section module::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(3, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U')
+            sage: V = M.open_subset('V')
+            sage: M.declare_union(U, V)
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: C0 = E.section_module(); C0
+            Module C^0(M;E) of sections on the 3-dimensional topological
+             manifold M with values in the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+            sage: e = E.local_frame('e', domain=U)
+            sage: C0.set_default_frame(e)
+            sage: C0.default_frame()
+            Local frame (E|_U, (e_0,e_1))
+
+        The local frame is indeed the same, and not a copy::
+
+            sage: e is C0.default_frame()
+            True
+
+        Notice, that the local frame is defined on a subset and is not part of
+        the section module `C^k(M;E)`::
+
+            sage: C0.default_frame().domain()
+            Open subset U of the 3-dimensional topological manifold M
+        """
+        from sage.manifolds.local_frame import LocalFrame
+        if not isinstance(basis, LocalFrame):
+            raise ValueError("the argument is not a local frame")
+        elif not basis._domain.is_subset(self._domain):
+            raise ValueError("local frame's domain must be a subset "
+                             "of the {}".format(self._domain))
+        self._def_frame = basis
+
+#******************************************************************************
+
+
+class SectionFreeModule(FiniteRankFreeModule):
+    r"""
+    Free module of sections over a vector bundle `E \to M` of class `C^k` on a
+    domain `U \in M` which admits a trivialization or local frame.
+
+    The *section module* `C^k(U;E)` is the set of all `C^k`-maps, called
+    *sections*, of type
+
+    .. MATH::
+
+        s: U \longrightarrow E
+
+    such that
+
+    .. MATH::
+
+        \forall p \in U,\ s(p) \in E_p,
+
+    where `E_p` is the vector bundle fiber of `E` at the point `p`.
+
+    Since the domain `U` admits a local frame, the corresponding vector bundle
+    `E|_U \to U` is trivial and `C^k(U;E)` is a free module over `C^k(U)`.
+
+    .. NOTE::
+
+        If `E|_U` is not trivial, the class :class:`SectionModule` should be
+        used instead, for `C^k(U;E)` is no longer a free module.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``vbundle`` -- vector bundle `E` on which the sections takes its values
+    - ``domain`` -- (default: ``None``) subdomain `U` of the base space on which
+      the sections are defined
+
+    EXAMPLES:
+
+    Module of sections on the 2-rank trivial vector bundle over the Euclidean
+    plane `\RR^2`::
+
+        sage: M = Manifold(2, 'R^2', structure='top')
+        sage: c_cart.<x,y> = M.chart()
+        sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+        sage: e = E.local_frame('e') # Trivializes the vector bundle
+        sage: C0 = E.section_module(); C0
+        Free module C^0(R^2;E) of sections on the 2-dimensional topological
+         manifold R^2 with values in the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+        sage: C0.category()
+        Category of finite dimensional modules over Algebra of scalar fields on
+         the 2-dimensional topological manifold R^2
+        sage: C0.base_ring() is M.scalar_field_algebra()
+        True
+
+    The vector bundle admits a global frame and is therefore trivial::
+
+        sage: E.is_manifestly_trivial()
+        True
+
+    Since the vector bundle is trivial, its section module of global sections
+    is a free module::
+
+        sage: isinstance(C0, FiniteRankFreeModule)
+        True
+
+    Some elements are::
+
+        sage: C0.an_element().display()
+        2 e_0 + 2 e_1
+        sage: C0.zero().display()
+        zero = 0
+        sage: s = C0([-y,x]); s
+        Section on the 2-dimensional topological manifold R^2 with values in the
+         real vector bundle E of rank 2
+        sage: s.display()
+        -y e_0 + x e_1
+
+    The rank of the free module equals the rank of the vector bundle::
+
+        sage: C0.rank()
+        2
+
+    The basis is given by the definition above::
+
+        sage: C0.bases()
+        [Local frame (E|_R^2, (e_0,e_1))]
+
+    The test suite is passed as well::
+
+        sage: TestSuite(C0).run()
+    """
+    Element = TrivialSection
+
+    def __init__(self, vbundle, domain):
+        r"""
+        Construct the free module of sections over a trivial part of a vector
+        bundle.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(3, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: X.<x,y,z> = M.chart()
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: from sage.manifolds.section_module import SectionFreeModule
+            sage: C0 = SectionFreeModule(E, M); C0
+            Free module C^0(M;E) of sections on the 3-dimensional topological
+             manifold M with values in the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+            sage: C0 is E.section_module(force_free=True)
+            True
+            sage: TestSuite(C0).run()
+        """
+        from sage.manifolds.scalarfield import ScalarField
+        self._domain = domain
+        name = "C^0({};{})".format(domain._name, vbundle._name)
+        latex_name = r'C^0({};{})'.format(domain._latex_name,
+                                          vbundle._latex_name)
+        base_space = vbundle.base_space()
+        self._base_space = base_space
+        self._vbundle = vbundle
+        cat = Modules(domain.scalar_field_algebra()).FiniteDimensional()
+        FiniteRankFreeModule.__init__(self, domain.scalar_field_algebra(),
+                               vbundle.rank(), name=name,
+                               latex_name=latex_name,
+                               start_index=base_space._sindex,
+                               output_formatter=ScalarField.coord_function,
+                               category=cat)
+
+    #### Parent methods
+
+    def _element_constructor_(self, comp=[], basis=None, name=None,
+                              latex_name=None):
+        r"""
+        Construct an element of ``self``.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(3, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: c_xyz.<x,y,z> = M.chart()
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: e = E.local_frame('e')
+            sage: C0 = E.section_module(); C0
+            Free module C^0(M;E) of sections on the 3-dimensional topological
+             manifold M with values in the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+            sage: s = C0([-x,y], basis=e, name='s'); s
+            Section s on the 3-dimensional topological manifold M with values in
+             the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+            sage: s.display(e)
+            s = -x e_0 + y e_1
+            sage: C0(0) is C0.zero()
+            True
+        """
+        try:
+            if comp.is_trivial_zero():
+                return self.zero()
+        except AttributeError:
+            if comp == 0:
+                return self.zero()
+        if isinstance(comp, Section):
+            if self._domain.is_subset(comp._domain):
+                return comp.restrict(self._domain)
+            else:
+                raise ValueError("cannot convert the {}".format(comp) +
+                                 "to a local section in {}".format(self))
+        if not isinstance(comp, (list, tuple)):
+            raise TypeError("cannot convert the {} ".format(comp) +
+                            "to an element of {}".format(self))
+        # standard construction
+        resu = self.element_class(self, name=name, latex_name=latex_name)
+        if comp:
+            resu.set_comp(basis)[:] = comp
+        return resu
+
+    # Rem: _an_element_ is declared in the superclass FiniteRankFreeModule
+
+    def _coerce_map_from_(self, other):
+        r"""
+        Determine whether coercion to ``self`` exists from parent ``other``.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U')
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: C0 = E.section_module(force_free=True)
+            sage: C0_U = E.section_module(domain=U, force_free=True)
+            sage: C0._coerce_map_from_(C0_U)
+            False
+            sage: C0_U._coerce_map_from_(C0)
+            True
+        """
+        if isinstance(other, (SectionModule, SectionFreeModule)):
+            return self._domain.is_subset(other._domain)
+        else:
+            return False
+
+    #### End of parent methods
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        r"""
+        String representation of the object.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: C0 = E.section_module(force_free=True)
+            sage: C0._repr_()
+            'Free module C^0(M;E) of sections on the 2-dimensional topological
+             manifold M with values in the real vector bundle E of rank 2'
+            sage: repr(C0)  # indirect doctest
+            'Free module C^0(M;E) of sections on the 2-dimensional topological
+             manifold M with values in the real vector bundle E of rank 2'
+            sage: C0  # indirect doctest
+            Free module C^0(M;E) of sections on the 2-dimensional topological
+             manifold M with values in the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+        """
+        desc = "Free module {} of sections on the {} with values in the {} " \
+               "vector bundle {} of rank {}"
+        desc = desc.format(self._name, self._domain,
+                           self._vbundle.base_field_type(),
+                           self._vbundle._name,
+                           self._vbundle.rank())
+        return desc
+
+    def domain(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the domain of the section module.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(3, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U')
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: C0_U = E.section_module(domain=U, force_free=True); C0_U
+            Free module C^0(U;E) of sections on the Open subset U of the
+             3-dimensional topological manifold M with values in the real vector
+             bundle E of rank 2
+            sage: C0_U.domain()
+            Open subset U of the 3-dimensional topological manifold M
+        """
+        return self._domain
+
+    def base_space(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the base space of the sections in this module.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(3, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: U = M.open_subset('U')
+            sage: E = U.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: C0 = E.section_module(force_free=True); C0
+            Free module C^0(U;E) of sections on the Open subset U of the
+             3-dimensional topological manifold M with values in the real
+             vector bundle E of rank 2
+            sage: C0.base_space()
+            Open subset U of the 3-dimensional topological manifold M
+        """
+        return self._base_space
+
+    def vector_bundle(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the overlying vector bundle on which the section module is
+        defined.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(3, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: C0 = E.section_module(force_free=True); C0
+            Free module C^0(M;E) of sections on the 3-dimensional topological
+             manifold M with values in the real vector bundle E of rank 2
+            sage: C0.vector_bundle()
+            Topological real vector bundle E -> M of rank 2 over the base space
+             3-dimensional topological manifold M
+            sage: E is C0.vector_bundle()
+            True
+        """
+        return self._vbundle
+
+    def basis(self, symbol=None, latex_symbol=None, from_frame=None,
+              indices=None, latex_indices=None, symbol_dual=None,
+              latex_symbol_dual=None):
+        r"""
+        Define a basis of ``self``.
+
+        A basis of the section module is actually a local frame on the
+        differentiable manifold `U` over which the section module is defined.
+
+        If the basis specified by the given symbol already exists, it is
+        simply returned.
+        If no argument is provided the module's default basis is returned.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``symbol`` -- (default: ``None``) either a string, to be used as a
+          common base for the symbols of the elements of the basis, or a
+          tuple of strings, representing the individual symbols of the
+          elements of the basis
+        - ``latex_symbol`` -- (default: ``None``) either a string, to be used
+          as a common base for the LaTeX symbols of the elements of the basis,
+          or a tuple of strings, representing the individual LaTeX symbols
+          of the elements of the basis; if ``None``, ``symbol`` is used in
+          place of ``latex_symbol``
+        - ``indices`` -- (default: ``None``; used only if ``symbol`` is a
+          single string) tuple of strings representing the indices
+          labelling the elements of the basis; if ``None``, the indices will be
+          generated as integers within the range declared on ``self``
+        - ``latex_indices`` -- (default: ``None``) tuple of strings
+          representing the indices for the LaTeX symbols of the elements of
+          the basis; if ``None``, ``indices`` is used instead
+        - ``symbol_dual`` -- (default: ``None``) same as ``symbol`` but for the
+          dual basis; if ``None``, ``symbol`` must be a string and is used
+          for the common base of the symbols of the elements of the dual basis
+        - ``latex_symbol_dual`` -- (default: ``None``) same as ``latex_symbol``
+          but for the dual basis
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        - a :class:`~sage.manifolds.local_frame.LocalFrame` representing a basis
+          on ``self``
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: M = Manifold(2, 'M', structure='top')
+            sage: E = M.vector_bundle(2, 'E')
+            sage: C0 = E.section_module(force_free=True)
+            sage: e = C0.basis('e'); e
+            Local frame (E|_M, (e_0,e_1))
+
+        See :class:`~sage.manifolds.local_frame.LocalFrame` for more examples
+        and documentation.
+        """
+        from sage.manifolds.local_frame import LocalFrame
+        if symbol is None:
+            symbol = from_frame._symbol
+            latex_symbol = from_frame._latex_symbol
+            indices = from_frame._indices
+            latex_indices = from_frame._latex_indices
+            symbol_dual = from_frame._symbol_dual
+            latex_symbol_dual = from_frame._latex_symbol_dual
+        for other in self._known_bases:
+            if symbol == other._symbol:
+                return other
+        return LocalFrame(self, symbol, latex_symbol=latex_symbol,
+                          indices=indices,
+                          latex_indices=latex_indices,
+                          symbol_dual=symbol_dual,
+                          latex_symbol_dual=latex_symbol_dual)
+
+    set_default_frame = FiniteRankFreeModule.set_default_basis
+    default_frame = FiniteRankFreeModule.default_basis