passagemath-polyhedra 10.6.31rc3__cp314-cp314-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl

sage/schemes/toric/weierstrass_higher.py

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+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-polyhedra
+# sage.doctest: needs sage.geometry.polyhedron sage.graphs
+r"""
+Weierstrass for elliptic curves in higher codimension
+
+The :mod:`~sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass` module lets you transform a
+genus-one curve, given as a hypersurface in a toric surface, into
+Weierstrass form. The purpose of this module is to extend this to
+higher codimension subschemes of toric varieties. In general, this is
+an unsolved problem. However, for certain special cases this is known.
+
+The simplest codimension-two case is the complete intersection of two
+quadratic equations in `\mathbb{P}^3` ::
+
+    sage: R.<w,x,y,z> = QQ[]
+    sage: quadratic1 = w^2 + x^2 + y^2
+    sage: quadratic2 = z^2 + w*x
+    sage: WeierstrassForm([quadratic1, quadratic2])
+    (-1/4, 0)
+
+Hence, the Weierstrass form of this complete intersection is `Y^2 =
+X^3 - \frac{1}{4} X Z^4`.
+"""
+
+# ****************************************************************************
+#       Copyright (C) 2012 Volker Braun <vbraun.name@gmail.com>
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
+#  as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
+#  the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+# ****************************************************************************
+
+from sage.rings.polynomial.polynomial_ring_constructor import PolynomialRing
+from sage.rings.invariants.invariant_theory import invariant_theory
+from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass import _check_homogeneity
+
+
+######################################################################
+def WeierstrassForm2(polynomial, variables=None, transformation=False):
+    r"""
+    Helper function for :func:`~sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass.WeierstrassForm`.
+
+    Currently, only the case of the complete intersection of two
+    quadratic equations in `\mathbb{P}^3` is supported.
+
+    INPUT / OUTPUT: see :func:`~sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass.WeierstrassForm`
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass_higher import WeierstrassForm2
+        sage: R.<w,x,y,z> = QQ[]
+        sage: quadratic1 = w^2 + x^2 + y^2
+        sage: quadratic2 = z^2 + w*x
+        sage: WeierstrassForm2([quadratic1, quadratic2])
+        (-1/4, 0)
+    """
+    if transformation:
+        return WeierstrassMap_P3(*polynomial, variables=variables)
+    else:
+        return WeierstrassForm_P3(*polynomial, variables=variables)
+
+
+######################################################################
+#
+#  Weierstrass form of complete intersection of two quadratics  in P^3
+#
+######################################################################
+def _check_polynomials_P3(quadratic1, quadratic2, variables):
+    """
+    Check that the polynomial is weighted homogeneous in standard variables.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``quadratic1``, ``quadratic2`` -- two quadratic polynomials in 4
+      homogeneous or 3 inhomogeneous variables
+
+    - ``variables`` -- the variables or ``None`` (default)
+
+    OUTPUT:
+
+    This function returns ``variables``, potentially guessed from the
+    polynomial ring. A :exc:`ValueError` is raised if the polynomial is
+    not homogeneous.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass_higher import _check_polynomials_P3
+        sage: R.<w,x,y,z> = QQ[]
+        sage: quadratic = w^2 + x^2 + y^2 + z^2
+        sage: _check_polynomials_P3(w^2, quadratic, [w,x,y,z])
+        (w, x, y, z)
+        sage: _check_polynomials_P3(w^2, quadratic, None)
+        (w, x, y, z)
+        sage: _check_polynomials_P3(z^2, quadratic.subs(w=0), None)
+        (x, y, z, None)
+        sage: R.<w,x,y,z,t> = QQ[]
+        sage: quadratic = w^2 + x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + t*(x*y+y*z+z*w+w*x)
+        sage: _check_polynomials_P3(w^2, quadratic, [w,x,y,z])
+        (w, x, y, z)
+        sage: _check_polynomials_P3(w^2, quadratic, [w,x,y,t])
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: the polynomial is not homogeneous with weights (1, 1, 1, 1)
+    """
+    if quadratic1.parent() is not quadratic2.parent():
+        raise ValueError('the two quadratics must be in the same polynomial ring')
+    if variables is None:
+        variables = quadratic1.variables() + quadratic2.variables()
+        variables = sorted(set(variables), reverse=True)
+    if len(variables) == 4:
+        w, x, y, z = variables
+        _check_homogeneity(quadratic1, [w, x, y, z], (1, 1, 1, 1), 2)
+        _check_homogeneity(quadratic2, [w, x, y, z], (1, 1, 1, 1), 2)
+    elif len(variables) == 3:
+        w, x, y = variables
+        z = None
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f'need three or four variables, got {variables}')
+    return (w, x, y, z)
+
+
+######################################################################
+def _biquadratic_syzygy_quartic(quadratic1, quadratic2, variables=None):
+    r"""
+    Helper function for the Weierstrass form of a biquadratic in `\mathbb{P}^3`.
+
+    The invariants and covariants of a quaternary biquadratic satisfy
+    the relation
+    :meth:`sage.rings.invariant_theory.TwoQuaternaryQuadratics.syzygy`,
+    which is (modulo the two quadratic equations) of the form `J^2 =
+    p_4(T, T')` where
+
+    * `J`, `T`, `T'` are the covariants of the biquadratic.
+
+    * `p_4` is some quartic polynomial whose coefficients are
+      invariants of the biquadratic.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    See :func:`WeierstrassForm_P3`.
+
+    OUTPUT: a triple consisting of
+
+    - The quaternary biquadratic as an algebraic form
+      :class:`~sage.rings.invariant_theory.TwoQuaternaryQuadratics`
+
+    - The binary quartic `p_4` as a
+      :class:`~sage.rings.invariant_theory.BinaryQuartic`
+
+    - The dictionary of variable substitutions from the variables of
+      the quartic to the variables of the biquadratic.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass_higher import _biquadratic_syzygy_quartic
+        sage: R.<w,x,y,z> = QQ[]
+        sage: _biquadratic_syzygy_quartic(w^2 + x^2 + y^2, z^2)
+        (Joint quaternary quadratic with coefficients (1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+         and quaternary quadratic with coefficients (0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),
+         Binary quartic with coefficients (0, 0, 0, -1, 0), {aux...})
+    """
+    w, x, y, z = _check_polynomials_P3(quadratic1, quadratic2, variables)
+    biquadratic = invariant_theory.quaternary_biquadratic(quadratic1, quadratic2, [w, x, y, z])
+
+    # construct auxiliary polynomial ring to work with the rhs of the syzygy
+    R = biquadratic.ring()
+    n = R.ngens()
+    R_aux = PolynomialRing(R.base_ring(), n + 2, 'aux')
+    to_aux = {}
+    from_aux = {}
+    for var, var_aux in zip(R.gens(), R_aux.gens()[0:n]):
+        to_aux[var] = var_aux
+        from_aux[var_aux] = var
+    T, T_prime = R_aux.gens()[n:]
+    from_aux[T] = biquadratic.T_covariant()
+    from_aux[T_prime] = biquadratic.T_prime_covariant()
+
+    # Syzygy is J^2 = syz_rhs + (terms that vanish on the biquadratic) with
+    # J = biquadratic.J_covariant()
+    syz_rhs = T**4 * biquadratic.Delta_invariant().subs(to_aux) \
+        - T**3 * T_prime * biquadratic.Theta_invariant().subs(to_aux) \
+        + T**2 * T_prime**2 * biquadratic.Phi_invariant().subs(to_aux) \
+        - T * T_prime**3 * biquadratic.Theta_prime_invariant().subs(to_aux) \
+        + T_prime**4 * biquadratic.Delta_prime_invariant().subs(to_aux)
+    quartic = invariant_theory.binary_quartic(syz_rhs, [T, T_prime])
+    return (biquadratic, quartic, from_aux)
+
+
+######################################################################
+def WeierstrassForm_P3(quadratic1, quadratic2, variables=None):
+    r"""
+    Bring a complete intersection of two quadratics into Weierstrass form.
+
+    Input/output is the same as
+    :func:`sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass.WeierstrassForm`, except
+    that the two input polynomials must be quadratic polynomials in
+    `\mathbb{P}^3`.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass_higher import WeierstrassForm_P3
+        sage: R.<w,x,y,z> = QQ[]
+        sage: quadratic1 = w^2 + x^2 + y^2
+        sage: quadratic2 = z^2 + w*x
+        sage: WeierstrassForm_P3(quadratic1, quadratic2)
+        (-1/4, 0)
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: R.<w,x,y,z,a0,a1,a2,a3,b0,b1,b2,b3,b4,b5> = QQ[]
+        sage: p1 = w^2 + x^2 + y^2 + z^2
+        sage: p2 = a0*w^2 + a1*x^2 + a2*y^2 + a3*z^2
+        sage: p2 += b0*x*y + b1*x*z + b2*x*w + b3*y*z + b4*y*w + b5*z*w
+        sage: a, b = WeierstrassForm_P3(p1, p2, [w,x,y,z])
+        sage: a.total_degree(), len(a.coefficients())
+        (4, 107)
+        sage: b.total_degree(), len(b.coefficients())
+        (6, 648)
+    """
+    biquadratic, quartic, from_aux = \
+        _biquadratic_syzygy_quartic(quadratic1, quadratic2, variables=variables)
+    a = quartic.EisensteinD().subs(from_aux)
+    b = quartic.EisensteinE().subs(from_aux)
+    return (-4 * a, 16 * b)
+
+
+######################################################################
+def WeierstrassMap_P3(quadratic1, quadratic2, variables=None):
+    r"""
+    Bring a complete intersection of two quadratics into Weierstrass form.
+
+    Input/output is the same as
+    :func:`sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass.WeierstrassForm`, except
+    that the two input polynomials must be quadratic polynomials in
+    `\mathbb{P}^3`.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.schemes.toric.weierstrass_higher import \
+        ....:     WeierstrassMap_P3, WeierstrassForm_P3
+        sage: R.<w,x,y,z> = QQ[]
+        sage: quadratic1 = w^2 + x^2 + y^2
+        sage: quadratic2 = z^2 + w*x
+        sage: X, Y, Z = WeierstrassMap_P3(quadratic1, quadratic2)
+        sage: X
+        1/1024*w^8 + 3/256*w^6*x^2 + 19/512*w^4*x^4 + 3/256*w^2*x^6 + 1/1024*x^8
+        sage: Y
+        1/32768*w^12 - 7/16384*w^10*x^2 - 145/32768*w^8*x^4 - 49/8192*w^6*x^6
+        - 145/32768*w^4*x^8 - 7/16384*w^2*x^10 + 1/32768*x^12
+        sage: Z
+        -1/8*w^2*y*z + 1/8*x^2*y*z
+
+        sage: a, b = WeierstrassForm_P3(quadratic1, quadratic2);  a, b
+        (-1/4, 0)
+
+        sage: ideal = R.ideal(quadratic1, quadratic2)
+        sage: (-Y^2 + X^3 + a*X*Z^4 + b*Z^6).reduce(ideal)                              # needs sage.libs.singular
+        0
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: R.<w,x,y,z,a0,a1,a2,a3> = GF(101)[]
+        sage: p1 = w^2 + x^2 + y^2 + z^2
+        sage: p2 = a0*w^2 + a1*x^2 + a2*y^2 + a3*z^2
+        sage: X, Y, Z = WeierstrassMap_P3(p1, p2, [w,x,y,z])
+        sage: X.total_degree(), len(X.coefficients())
+        (22, 4164)
+        sage: Y.total_degree(), len(Y.coefficients())
+        (33, 26912)
+        sage: Z.total_degree(), len(Z.coefficients())
+        (10, 24)
+        sage: Z
+        w*x*y*z*a0^3*a1^2*a2 - w*x*y*z*a0^2*a1^3*a2 - w*x*y*z*a0^3*a1*a2^2
+        + w*x*y*z*a0*a1^3*a2^2 + w*x*y*z*a0^2*a1*a2^3 - w*x*y*z*a0*a1^2*a2^3
+        - w*x*y*z*a0^3*a1^2*a3 + w*x*y*z*a0^2*a1^3*a3 + w*x*y*z*a0^3*a2^2*a3
+        - w*x*y*z*a1^3*a2^2*a3 - w*x*y*z*a0^2*a2^3*a3 + w*x*y*z*a1^2*a2^3*a3
+        + w*x*y*z*a0^3*a1*a3^2 - w*x*y*z*a0*a1^3*a3^2 - w*x*y*z*a0^3*a2*a3^2
+        + w*x*y*z*a1^3*a2*a3^2 + w*x*y*z*a0*a2^3*a3^2 - w*x*y*z*a1*a2^3*a3^2
+        - w*x*y*z*a0^2*a1*a3^3 + w*x*y*z*a0*a1^2*a3^3 + w*x*y*z*a0^2*a2*a3^3
+        - w*x*y*z*a1^2*a2*a3^3 - w*x*y*z*a0*a2^2*a3^3 + w*x*y*z*a1*a2^2*a3^3
+    """
+    biquadratic, quartic, from_aux = \
+        _biquadratic_syzygy_quartic(quadratic1, quadratic2, variables=variables)
+    J = biquadratic.J_covariant()
+    g = quartic.g_covariant().subs(from_aux)
+    h = quartic.h_covariant().subs(from_aux)
+    return (4 * g, 4 * h, J)

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