megadetector 5.0.11__py3-none-any.whl → 5.0.12__py3-none-any.whl

megadetector/utils/split_locations_into_train_val.py

@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+"""
+
+split_locations_into_train_val.py
+
+Splits a list of location IDs into training and validation, targeting a specific
+train/val split for each category, but allowing some categories to be tighter or looser
+than others.  Does nothing particularly clever, just randomly splits locations into 
+train/val lots of times using the target val fraction, and picks the one that meets the 
+specified constraints and minimizes weighted error, where "error" is defined as the
+sum of each class's absolute divergence from the target val fraction.
+
+"""
+
+#%% Imports/constants
+
+import random
+import numpy as np
+
+from collections import defaultdict
+from megadetector.utils.ct_utils import sort_dictionary_by_value
+from tqdm import tqdm
+
+
+#%% Main function
+
+def split_locations_into_train_val(location_to_category_counts,
+                                   n_random_seeds=10000,
+                                   target_val_fraction=0.15,
+                                   category_to_max_allowable_error=None,                                   
+                                   category_to_error_weight=None,
+                                   default_max_allowable_error=0.1):
+    """
+    Splits a list of location IDs into training and validation, targeting a specific
+    train/val split for each category, but allowing some categories to be tighter or looser
+    than others.  Does nothing particularly clever, just randomly splits locations into 
+    train/val lots of times using the target val fraction, and picks the one that meets the 
+    specified constraints and minimizes weighted error, where "error" is defined as the
+    sum of each class's absolute divergence from the target val fraction.    
+    
+    Args:
+        location_to_category_counts (dict): a dict mapping location IDs to dicts,
+            with each dict mapping a category name to a count.  Any categories not present 
+            in a particular dict are assumed to have a count of zero for that location.
+            
+            For example:
+                
+            .. code-block:: none
+
+                {'location-000': {'bear':4,'wolf':10},
+                 'location-001': {'bear':12,'elk':20}}
+    
+        n_random_seeds (int, optional): number of random seeds to try, always starting from zero
+        target_val_fraction (float, optional): fraction of images containing each species we'd
+            like to put in the val split
+        category_to_max_allowable_error (dict, optional): a dict mapping category names
+            to maximum allowable errors.  These are hard constraints (i.e., we will error
+            if we can't meet them).  Does not need to include all categories; categories not 
+            included will be assigned a maximum error according to [default_max_allowable_error].
+            If this is None, no hard constraints are applied.
+        category_to_error_weight (dict, optional): a dict mapping category names to
+            error weights.  You can specify a subset of categories; categories not included here
+            have a weight of 1.0.  If None, all categories have the same weight.
+        default_max_allowable_error (float, optional): the maximum allowable error for categories not 
+            present in [category_to_max_allowable_error].  Set to None (or >= 1.0) to disable hard 
+            constraints for categories not present in [category_to_max_allowable_error]
+    
+    Returns:
+        tuple: A two-element tuple:
+            - list of location IDs in the val split
+            - a dict mapping category names to the fraction of images in the val split                
+    """
+    
+    location_ids = list(location_to_category_counts.keys())
+    
+    n_val_locations = int(target_val_fraction*len(location_ids))
+    
+    if category_to_max_allowable_error is None:
+        category_to_max_allowable_error = {}
+        
+    if category_to_error_weight is None:
+        category_to_error_weight = {}
+        
+    # category ID to total count; the total count is used only for printouts
+    category_id_to_count = {}
+    for location_id in location_to_category_counts:
+        for category_id in location_to_category_counts[location_id].keys():
+            if category_id not in category_id_to_count:
+                category_id_to_count[category_id] = 0
+            category_id_to_count[category_id] += \
+                location_to_category_counts[location_id][category_id]
+    
+    category_ids = set(category_id_to_count.keys())
+    
+    print('Splitting {} categories over {} locations'.format(
+        len(category_ids),len(location_ids)))
+    
+    # random_seed = 0
+    def compute_seed_errors(random_seed):
+        """
+        Computes the per-category error for a specific random seed.
+        
+        returns weighted_average_error,category_to_val_fraction
+        """
+        
+        # Randomly split into train/val
+        random.seed(random_seed)
+        val_locations = random.sample(location_ids,k=n_val_locations)
+        val_locations_set = set(val_locations)
+        
+        # For each category, measure the % of images that went into the val set
+        category_to_val_fraction = defaultdict(float)
+        
+        for category_id in category_ids:
+            category_val_count = 0
+            category_train_count = 0
+            for location_id in location_to_category_counts:
+                if category_id not in location_to_category_counts[location_id]:
+                    location_category_count = 0
+                else:
+                    location_category_count = location_to_category_counts[location_id][category_id]
+                if location_id in val_locations_set:
+                    category_val_count += location_category_count
+                else:
+                    category_train_count += location_category_count
+            category_val_fraction = category_val_count / (category_val_count + category_train_count)
+            category_to_val_fraction[category_id] = category_val_fraction
+        
+        # Absolute deviation from the target val fraction for each categorys
+        category_errors = {}
+        weighted_category_errors = {}
+        
+        # category = next(iter(category_to_val_fraction))
+        for category in category_to_val_fraction:
+            
+            category_val_fraction = category_to_val_fraction[category]
+            
+            category_error = abs(category_val_fraction-target_val_fraction)
+            category_errors[category] = category_error
+        
+            category_weight = 1.0
+            if category in category_to_error_weight:
+                category_weight = category_to_error_weight[category]
+            weighted_category_error = category_error * category_weight
+            weighted_category_errors[category] = weighted_category_error
+        
+        weighted_average_error = np.mean(list(weighted_category_errors.values()))
+        
+        return weighted_average_error,weighted_category_errors,category_to_val_fraction
+    
+    # ... def compute_seed_errors(...)
+    
+    # This will only include random seeds that satisfy the hard constraints
+    random_seed_to_weighted_average_error = {}
+    
+    # random_seed = 0
+    for random_seed in tqdm(range(0,n_random_seeds)):
+        
+        weighted_average_error,weighted_category_errors,category_to_val_fraction = \
+            compute_seed_errors(random_seed)
+            
+        seed_satisfies_hard_constraints = True
+        
+        for category in category_to_val_fraction:
+            if category in category_to_max_allowable_error:
+                max_allowable_error = category_to_max_allowable_error[category]
+            else:
+                if default_max_allowable_error is None:
+                    continue
+                max_allowable_error = default_max_allowable_error
+            val_fraction = category_to_val_fraction[category]
+            category_error = abs(val_fraction - target_val_fraction)
+            if category_error > max_allowable_error:
+                seed_satisfies_hard_constraints = False
+                break
+        
+        if seed_satisfies_hard_constraints:            
+            random_seed_to_weighted_average_error[random_seed] = weighted_average_error
+        
+    # ...for each random seed
+    
+    assert len(random_seed_to_weighted_average_error) > 0, \
+        'No random seed met all the hard constraints'
+        
+    print('\n{} of {} random seeds satisfied hard constraints'.format(
+        len(random_seed_to_weighted_average_error),n_random_seeds))
+    
+    min_error = None
+    min_error_seed = None
+    
+    for random_seed in random_seed_to_weighted_average_error.keys():
+        error_metric = random_seed_to_weighted_average_error[random_seed]
+        if min_error is None or error_metric < min_error:
+            min_error = error_metric
+            min_error_seed = random_seed
+    
+    random.seed(min_error_seed)
+    val_locations = random.sample(location_ids,k=n_val_locations)
+    train_locations = []
+    for location_id in location_ids:
+        if location_id not in val_locations:
+            train_locations.append(location_id)
+            
+    print('\nVal locations:\n')        
+    for loc in val_locations:
+        print('{}'.format(loc))
+    print('')
+    
+    weighted_average_error,weighted_category_errors,category_to_val_fraction = \
+        compute_seed_errors(min_error_seed)
+        
+    random_seed = min_error_seed
+    
+    category_to_val_fraction = sort_dictionary_by_value(category_to_val_fraction,reverse=True)
+    category_to_val_fraction = sort_dictionary_by_value(category_to_val_fraction,
+                                                        sort_values=category_id_to_count,
+                                                        reverse=True)
+    
+    
+    print('Val fractions by category:\n')
+    
+    for category in category_to_val_fraction:
+        print('{} ({}) {:.2f}'.format(
+            category,category_id_to_count[category],
+            category_to_val_fraction[category]))
+          
+    return val_locations,category_to_val_fraction
+
+# ...def split_locations_into_train_val(...)

megadetector/utils/string_utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+"""
+
+string_utils.py
+
+Miscellaneous string utilities.
+
+"""
+
+#%% Imports
+
+import re
+
+
+#%% Functions
+
+def is_float(s):
+    """ 
+    Checks whether [s] is an object (typically a string) that can be cast to a float
+    
+    Args:
+        s (object): object to evaluate
+        
+    Returns:
+        bool: True if s successfully casts to a float, otherwise False
+    """
+    
+    try:
+        _ = float(s)
+    except ValueError:
+        return False
+    return True
+
+
+def human_readable_to_bytes(size):
+    """
+    Given a human-readable byte string (e.g. 2G, 10GB, 30MB, 20KB),
+    returns the number of bytes.  Will return 0 if the argument has
+    unexpected form.
+    
+    https://gist.github.com/beugley/ccd69945346759eb6142272a6d69b4e0
+    
+    Args:
+        size (str): string representing a size
+        
+    Returns:
+        int: the corresponding size in bytes
+    """
+    
+    size = re.sub(r'\s+', '', size)
+    
+    if (size[-1] == 'B'):
+        size = size[:-1]
+        
+    if (size.isdigit()):
+        bytes = int(size)
+    elif (is_float(size)):
+        bytes = float(size)
+    else:
+        bytes = size[:-1]
+        unit = size[-1]
+        try:        
+            bytes = float(bytes)
+            if (unit == 'T'):
+                bytes *= 1024*1024*1024*1024
+            elif (unit == 'G'):
+                bytes *= 1024*1024*1024
+            elif (unit == 'M'):
+                bytes *= 1024*1024
+            elif (unit == 'K'):
+                bytes *= 1024
+            else:
+                bytes = 0
+        except ValueError:
+            bytes = 0
+            
+    return bytes
+
+
+def remove_ansi_codes(s):
+    """
+    Removes ANSI escape codes from a string.
+    
+    https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14693701/how-can-i-remove-the-ansi-escape-sequences-from-a-string-in-python#14693789
+    
+    Args:
+        s (str): the string to de-ANSI-i-fy
+        
+    Returns:
+        str: A copy of [s] without ANSI codes
+    """
+    ansi_escape = re.compile(r'\x1B(?:[@-Z\\-_]|\[[0-?]*[ -/]*[@-~])')
+    return ansi_escape.sub('', s)

megadetector/utils/url_utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+"""
+
+url_utils.py
+
+Frequently-used functions for downloading or manipulating URLs
+
+"""
+
+#%% Imports and constants
+
+import os
+import re
+import urllib
+import tempfile
+import requests
+
+from functools import partial
+from tqdm import tqdm
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
+from multiprocessing.pool import ThreadPool
+from multiprocessing.pool import Pool
+
+url_utils_temp_dir = None
+max_path_len = 255
+
+
+#%% Download functions
+
+class DownloadProgressBar():
+    """
+    Progress updater based on the progressbar2 package.
+    
+    https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37748105/how-to-use-progressbar-module-with-urlretrieve
+    """
+    
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.pbar = None
+
+    def __call__(self, block_num, block_size, total_size):
+        if not self.pbar:
+            # This is a pretty random import I'd rather not depend on outside of the
+            # rare case where it's used, so importing locally
+            # pip install progressbar2
+            import progressbar            
+            self.pbar = progressbar.ProgressBar(max_value=total_size)
+            self.pbar.start()
+            
+        downloaded = block_num * block_size
+        if downloaded < total_size:
+            self.pbar.update(downloaded)
+        else:
+            self.pbar.finish()
+            
+
+def get_temp_folder(preferred_name='url_utils'):
+    """
+    Gets a temporary folder for use within this module.
+    
+    Args:
+        preferred_name (str, optional): subfolder to use within the system temp folder
+        
+    Returns:
+        str: the full path to the temporary subfolder
+    """
+    global url_utils_temp_dir
+    
+    if url_utils_temp_dir is None:
+        url_utils_temp_dir = os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(),preferred_name)
+        os.makedirs(url_utils_temp_dir,exist_ok=True)
+        
+    return url_utils_temp_dir
+    
+           
+def download_url(url, 
+                 destination_filename=None, 
+                 progress_updater=None, 
+                 force_download=False, 
+                 verbose=True):
+    """
+    Downloads a URL to a file.  If no file is specified, creates a temporary file, 
+    making a best effort to avoid filename collisions.
+    
+    Prints some diagnostic information and makes sure to omit SAS tokens from printouts.
+    
+    Args:
+        url (str): the URL to download
+        destination_filename (str, optional): the target filename; if None, will create
+            a file in system temp space        
+        progress_updater (object or bool, optional): can be "None", "False", "True", or a 
+            specific callable object.  If None or False, no progress updated will be 
+            displayed.  If True, a default progress bar will be created.
+        force_download (bool, optional): download this file even if [destination_filename]
+            exists.
+        verbose (bool, optional): enable additional debug console output
+        
+    Returns:
+        str: the filename to which [url] was downloaded, the same as [destination_filename]
+        if [destination_filename] was not None
+    """
+    
+    if progress_updater is not None and isinstance(progress_updater,bool):
+        if not progress_updater:
+            progress_updater = None
+        else:
+            progress_updater = DownloadProgressBar()
+            
+    url_no_sas = url.split('?')[0]
+        
+    if destination_filename is None:
+        target_folder = get_temp_folder()
+        url_without_sas = url.split('?', 1)[0]
+        
+        # This does not guarantee uniqueness, hence "semi-best-effort"
+        url_as_filename = re.sub(r'\W+', '', url_without_sas)
+        n_folder_chars = len(url_utils_temp_dir)
+        if len(url_as_filename) + n_folder_chars > max_path_len:
+            print('Warning: truncating filename target to {} characters'.format(max_path_len))
+            url_as_filename = url_as_filename[-1*(max_path_len-n_folder_chars):]
+        destination_filename = \
+            os.path.join(target_folder,url_as_filename)
+        
+    if (not force_download) and (os.path.isfile(destination_filename)):
+        if verbose:
+            print('Bypassing download of already-downloaded file {}'.format(os.path.basename(url_no_sas)))
+    else:
+        if verbose:
+            print('Downloading file {} to {}'.format(os.path.basename(url_no_sas),destination_filename),end='')
+        target_dir = os.path.dirname(destination_filename)
+        os.makedirs(target_dir,exist_ok=True)
+        urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, destination_filename, progress_updater)  
+        assert(os.path.isfile(destination_filename))
+        nBytes = os.path.getsize(destination_filename)
+        if verbose:
+            print('...done, {} bytes.'.format(nBytes))
+        
+    return destination_filename
+
+
+def download_relative_filename(url, output_base, verbose=False):
+    """
+    Download a URL to output_base, preserving relative path.  Path is relative to 
+    the site, so:
+        
+        https://abc.com/xyz/123.txt
+    
+    ...will get downloaded to:
+        
+        output_base/xyz/123.txt        
+        
+    Args:
+        url (str): the URL to download
+        output_base (str): the base folder to which we should download this file
+        verbose (bool, optional): enable additional debug console output
+        
+    Returns:
+        str: the local destination filename
+    """
+    
+    p = urlparse(url)
+    # remove the leading '/'
+    assert p.path.startswith('/'); relative_filename = p.path[1:]
+    destination_filename = os.path.join(output_base,relative_filename)
+    return download_url(url, destination_filename, verbose=verbose)
+
+
+def _do_parallelized_download(download_info,overwrite=False,verbose=False):
+    """
+    Internal function for download parallelization.
+    """
+    
+    url = download_info['url']
+    target_file = download_info['target_file']
+    result = {'status':'unknown','url':url,'target_file':target_file}
+    
+    if ((os.path.isfile(target_file)) and (not overwrite)):
+        if verbose:
+            print('Skipping existing file {}'.format(target_file))
+        result['status'] = 'skipped'
+        return result
+    try:
+        download_url(url=url, 
+                     destination_filename=target_file,
+                     verbose=verbose, 
+                     force_download=overwrite)
+    except Exception as e:
+        print('Warning: error downloading URL {}: {}'.format(
+            url,str(e)))     
+        result['status'] = 'error: {}'.format(str(e))
+        return result
+    
+    result['status'] = 'success'
+    return result
+
+
+def parallel_download_urls(url_to_target_file,verbose=False,overwrite=False,
+                           n_workers=20,pool_type='thread'):
+    """
+    Downloads a list of URLs to local files.
+    
+    Catches exceptions and reports them in the returned "results" array.    
+    
+    Args:
+        url_to_target_file: a dict mapping URLs to local filenames.
+        verbose (bool, optional): enable additional debug console output
+        overwrite (bool, optional): whether to overwrite existing local files
+        n_workers (int, optional): number of concurrent workers, set to <=1 to disable
+            parallelization
+        pool_type (str, optional): worker type to use; should be 'thread' or 'process'
+        
+    Returns:
+        list: list of dicts with keys:
+            - 'url': the url this item refers to
+            - 'status': 'skipped', 'success', or a string starting with 'error'
+            - 'target_file': the local filename to which we downloaded (or tried to 
+              download) this URL            
+    """
+    
+    all_download_info = []
+    
+    print('Preparing download list')
+    for url in tqdm(url_to_target_file):
+        download_info = {}
+        download_info['url'] = url
+        download_info['target_file'] = url_to_target_file[url]
+        all_download_info.append(download_info)
+        
+    print('Downloading {} images on {} workers'.format(
+        len(all_download_info),n_workers))
+
+    if n_workers <= 1:
+
+        results = []
+        
+        for download_info in tqdm(all_download_info):        
+            result = _do_parallelized_download(download_info,overwrite=overwrite,verbose=verbose)
+            results.append(result)
+        
+    else:
+
+        if pool_type == 'thread':
+            pool = ThreadPool(n_workers)
+        else:
+            assert pool_type == 'process', 'Unsupported pool type {}'.format(pool_type)
+            pool = Pool(n_workers)
+        
+        print('Starting a {} pool with {} workers'.format(pool_type,n_workers))
+        
+        results = list(tqdm(pool.imap(
+            partial(_do_parallelized_download,overwrite=overwrite,verbose=verbose),
+            all_download_info), total=len(all_download_info)))
+                
+    return results
+
+    
+def test_url(url, error_on_failure=True, timeout=None):
+    """
+    Tests the availability of [url], returning an http status code.
+    
+    Args:
+        url (str): URL to test
+        error_on_failure (bool, optional): whether to error (vs. just returning an
+            error code) if accessing this URL fails
+        timeout (int, optional): timeout in seconds to wait before considering this 
+            access attempt to be a failure; see requests.head() for precise documentation
+    
+    Returns:
+        int: http status code (200 for success)
+    """
+    
+    # r = requests.get(url, stream=True, verify=True, timeout=timeout)
+    r = requests.head(url, stream=True, verify=True, timeout=timeout)
+    
+    if error_on_failure and r.status_code != 200:        
+        raise ValueError('Could not access {}: error {}'.format(url,r.status_code))
+    return r.status_code
+    
+
+def test_urls(urls, error_on_failure=True, n_workers=1, pool_type='thread', timeout=None):
+    """
+    Verify that URLs are available (i.e., returns status 200).  By default,
+    errors if any URL is unavailable.  
+    
+    Args:
+        urls (list): list of URLs to test
+        error_on_failure (bool, optional): whether to error (vs. just returning an
+            error code) if accessing this URL fails
+        n_workers (int, optional): number of concurrent workers, set to <=1 to disable
+            parallelization
+        pool_type (str, optional): worker type to use; should be 'thread' or 'process'
+        timeout (int, optional): timeout in seconds to wait before considering this 
+            access attempt to be a failure; see requests.head() for precise documentation
+    
+    Returns:
+        list: a list of http status codes, the same length and order as [urls]
+    """
+        
+    if n_workers <= 1:
+
+        status_codes = []
+        
+        for url in tqdm(urls):
+            
+            r = requests.get(url, timeout=timeout)
+            
+            if error_on_failure and r.status_code != 200:        
+                raise ValueError('Could not access {}: error {}'.format(url,r.status_code))
+            status_codes.append(r.status_code)
+                
+    else:
+
+        if pool_type == 'thread':
+            pool = ThreadPool(n_workers)
+        else:
+            assert pool_type == 'process', 'Unsupported pool type {}'.format(pool_type)
+            pool = Pool(n_workers)
+        
+        print('Starting a {} pool with {} workers'.format(pool_type,n_workers))
+        
+        status_codes = list(tqdm(pool.imap(
+            partial(test_url,error_on_failure=error_on_failure,timeout=timeout),
+            urls), total=len(urls)))
+                
+    return status_codes