consenrich 0.7.5b1__cp314-cp314-macosx_10_15_x86_64.whl

consenrich/matching.py

@@ -0,0 +1,907 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+r"""Module implementing (experimental) 'structured peak detection' features using wavelet-based templates."""
+
+import logging
+import os
+import math
+from pybedtools import BedTool
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+import pandas as pd
+import pywt as pw
+import numpy as np
+import numpy.typing as npt
+
+from scipy import signal, stats
+
+from . import cconsenrich
+from . import core as core
+
+logging.basicConfig(
+    level=logging.INFO,
+    format="%(asctime)s - %(module)s.%(funcName)s -  %(levelname)s - %(message)s",
+)
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def autoMinLengthIntervals(
+    values: np.ndarray, initLen: int = 3
+) -> int:
+    r"""Determines a minimum matching length (in interval units) based on the input signal values.
+
+    Returns the mean length of non-zero contiguous segments in a log-scaled/centered version of `values`
+
+    :param values: A 1D array of signal-like values.
+    :type values: np.ndarray
+    :param initLen: Initial minimum length (in intervals). Defaults to 3.
+    :type initLen: int
+    :return: Estimated minimum matching length (in intervals)
+    :rtype: int
+
+    """
+    trValues = np.asinh(values) - signal.medfilt(
+        np.asinh(values),
+        kernel_size=max(
+            (2 * initLen) + 1,
+            2 * (int(len(values) * 0.005)) + 1,
+        ),
+    )
+    nz = trValues[trValues > 0]
+    if len(nz) == 0:
+        return initLen
+    thr = np.quantile(nz, 0.90, method="interpolated_inverted_cdf")
+    mask = nz >= thr
+    if not np.any(mask):
+        return initLen
+    idx = np.flatnonzero(np.diff(np.r_[False, mask, False]))
+    runs = idx.reshape(-1, 2)
+    widths = runs[:, 1] - runs[:, 0]
+    widths = widths[widths >= initLen]
+    if len(widths) == 0:
+        return initLen
+    return int(np.mean(widths))
+
+
+def scalarClip(value: float, low: float, high: float) -> float:
+    return low if value < low else high if value > high else value
+
+
+def castableToFloat(value) -> bool:
+    if value is None:
+        return False
+    if isinstance(value, bool):
+        return False
+    if isinstance(value, str):
+        if value.lower().replace(" ", "") in [
+            "nan",
+            "inf",
+            "-inf",
+            "infinity",
+            "-infinity",
+            "",
+            " ",
+        ]:
+            return False
+
+    try:
+        float(value)
+        if np.isfinite(float(value)):
+            return True
+    except Exception:
+        return False
+    return False
+
+
+def matchExistingBedGraph(
+    bedGraphFile: str,
+    templateName: str,
+    cascadeLevel: int,
+    alpha: float = 0.05,
+    minMatchLengthBP: Optional[int] = 250,
+    iters: int = 25_000,
+    minSignalAtMaxima: Optional[float | str] = "q:0.75",
+    maxNumMatches: Optional[int] = 100_000,
+    recenterAtPointSource: bool = True,
+    useScalingFunction: bool = True,
+    excludeRegionsBedFile: Optional[str] = None,
+    mergeGapBP: Optional[int] = None,
+    merge: bool = True,
+    weights: Optional[npt.NDArray[np.float64]] = None,
+    randSeed: int = 42,
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    r"""Match discrete templates in a bedGraph file of Consenrich estimates
+
+    This function is a simple wrapper. See :func:`consenrich.matching.matchWavelet` for details on parameters.
+
+    :param bedGraphFile: A bedGraph file with 'consensus' signal estimates derived from multiple samples, e.g., from Consenrich. The suffix '.bedGraph' is required.
+    :type bedGraphFile: str
+
+    :seealso: :func:`consenrich.matching.matchWavelet`, :class:`consenrich.core.matchingParams`, :ref:`matching`
+    """
+    if not os.path.isfile(bedGraphFile):
+        raise FileNotFoundError(f"Couldn't access {bedGraphFile}")
+    if not bedGraphFile.endswith(".bedGraph"):
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Please use a suffix '.bedGraph' for `bedGraphFile`, got: {bedGraphFile}"
+        )
+
+    if mergeGapBP is None:
+        mergeGapBP = (
+            (minMatchLengthBP // 2) + 1
+            if minMatchLengthBP is not None
+            else 75
+        )
+
+    allowedTemplates = [
+        x for x in pw.wavelist(kind="discrete") if "bio" not in x
+    ]
+    if templateName not in allowedTemplates:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Unknown wavelet template: {templateName}\nAvailable templates: {allowedTemplates}"
+        )
+
+    cols = ["chromosome", "start", "end", "value"]
+    bedGraphDF = pd.read_csv(
+        bedGraphFile,
+        sep="\t",
+        header=None,
+        names=cols,
+        dtype={
+            "chromosome": str,
+            "start": np.uint32,
+            "end": np.uint32,
+            "value": np.float64,
+        },
+    )
+
+    outPaths: List[str] = []
+    outPathsMerged: List[str] = []
+    outPathAll: Optional[str] = None
+    outPathMergedAll: Optional[str] = None
+
+    for chrom_ in sorted(bedGraphDF["chromosome"].unique()):
+        df_ = bedGraphDF[bedGraphDF["chromosome"] == chrom_]
+        if len(df_) < 5:
+            logger.info(f"Skipping {chrom_}: less than 5 intervals.")
+            continue
+
+        try:
+            df__ = matchWavelet(
+                chrom_,
+                df_["start"].to_numpy(),
+                df_["value"].to_numpy(),
+                [templateName],
+                [cascadeLevel],
+                iters,
+                alpha,
+                minMatchLengthBP,
+                maxNumMatches,
+                recenterAtPointSource=recenterAtPointSource,
+                useScalingFunction=useScalingFunction,
+                excludeRegionsBedFile=excludeRegionsBedFile,
+                weights=weights,
+                minSignalAtMaxima=minSignalAtMaxima,
+                randSeed=randSeed,
+            )
+        except Exception as ex:
+            logger.info(
+                f"Skipping {chrom_} due to error in matchWavelet: {ex}"
+            )
+            continue
+
+        if df__.empty:
+            logger.info(f"No matches detected on {chrom_}.")
+            continue
+
+        perChromOut = bedGraphFile.replace(
+            ".bedGraph",
+            f".{chrom_}.matched.{templateName}_lvl{cascadeLevel}.narrowPeak",
+        )
+        df__.to_csv(perChromOut, sep="\t", index=False, header=False)
+        logger.info(f"Matches written to {perChromOut}")
+        outPaths.append(perChromOut)
+
+        if merge:
+            mergedPath = mergeMatches(
+                perChromOut, mergeGapBP=mergeGapBP
+            )
+            if mergedPath is not None:
+                logger.info(f"Merged matches written to {mergedPath}")
+                outPathsMerged.append(mergedPath)
+
+    if len(outPaths) == 0 and len(outPathsMerged) == 0:
+        raise ValueError("No matches were detected.")
+
+    if len(outPaths) > 0:
+        outPathAll = (
+            f"{bedGraphFile.replace('.bedGraph', '')}"
+            f".allChroms.matched.{templateName}_lvl{cascadeLevel}.narrowPeak"
+        )
+        with open(outPathAll, "w") as outF:
+            for path_ in outPaths:
+                if os.path.isfile(path_):
+                    with open(path_, "r") as inF:
+                        for line in inF:
+                            outF.write(line)
+        logger.info(f"All unmerged matches written to {outPathAll}")
+
+    if merge and len(outPathsMerged) > 0:
+        outPathMergedAll = (
+            f"{bedGraphFile.replace('.bedGraph', '')}"
+            f".allChroms.matched.{templateName}_lvl{cascadeLevel}.mergedMatches.narrowPeak"
+        )
+        with open(outPathMergedAll, "w") as outF:
+            for path in outPathsMerged:
+                if os.path.isfile(path):
+                    with open(path, "r") as inF:
+                        for line in inF:
+                            outF.write(line)
+        logger.info(
+            f"All merged matches written to {outPathMergedAll}"
+        )
+
+    for path_ in outPaths + outPathsMerged:
+        try:
+            if os.path.isfile(path_):
+                os.remove(path_)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+    if merge and outPathMergedAll:
+        return outPathMergedAll
+    if outPathAll:
+        return outPathAll
+    logger.warning("No matches were detected...returning `None`")
+    return None
+
+
+def matchWavelet(
+    chromosome: str,
+    intervals: npt.NDArray[int],
+    values: npt.NDArray[np.float64],
+    templateNames: List[str],
+    cascadeLevels: List[int],
+    iters: int,
+    alpha: float = 0.05,
+    minMatchLengthBP: Optional[int] = 250,
+    maxNumMatches: Optional[int] = 100_000,
+    minSignalAtMaxima: Optional[float | str] = "q:0.75",
+    randSeed: int = 42,
+    recenterAtPointSource: bool = True,
+    useScalingFunction: bool = True,
+    excludeRegionsBedFile: Optional[str] = None,
+    weights: Optional[npt.NDArray[np.float64]] = None,
+    eps: float = 1.0e-2,
+    isLogScale: bool = False,
+) -> pd.DataFrame:
+    r"""Detect structured peaks in Consenrich tracks by matching wavelet- or scaling-function–based templates.
+
+    :param chromosome: Chromosome name for the input intervals and values.
+    :type chromosome: str
+    :param values: A 1D array of signal-like values. In this documentation, we refer to values derived from Consenrich,
+        but other continuous-valued tracks at evenly spaced genomic intervals may be suitable, too.
+    :type values: npt.NDArray[np.float64]
+    :param templateNames: A list of str values -- each entry references a mother wavelet (or its corresponding scaling function). e.g., `[haar, db2]`
+    :type templateNames: List[str]
+    :param cascadeLevels: Number of cascade iterations used to approximate each template (wavelet or scaling function).
+        Must have the same length as `templateNames`, with each entry aligned to the
+        corresponding template. e.g., given templateNames `[haar, db2]`, then `[2,2]` would use 2 cascade levels for both templates.
+    :type cascadeLevels: List[int]
+    :param iters: Number of random blocks to sample in the response sequence while building
+        an empirical null to test significance. See :func:`cconsenrich.csampleBlockStats`.
+    :type iters: int
+    :param alpha: Primary significance threshold on detected matches. Specifically, the
+        minimum corr. empirical p-value approximated from randomly sampled blocks in the
+        response sequence.
+    :type alpha: float
+    :param minMatchLengthBP: Within a window of `minMatchLengthBP` length (bp), relative maxima in
+        the signal-template convolution must be greater in value than others to qualify as matches.
+        If set to a value less than 1, the minimum length is determined via :func:`consenrich.matching.autoMinLengthIntervals`.
+        If set to `None`, defaults to 250 bp.
+    :type minMatchLengthBP: Optional[int]
+    :param minSignalAtMaxima: Secondary significance threshold coupled with `alpha`. Requires the *signal value*
+        at relative maxima in the response sequence to be greater than this threshold. Comparisons are made in log-scale
+        to temper genome-wide dynamic range. If a `float` value is provided, the minimum signal value must be greater
+        than this (absolute) value. *Set to a negative value to disable the threshold*.
+        If a `str` value is provided, looks for 'q:quantileValue', e.g., 'q:0.90'. The
+        threshold is then set to the corresponding quantile of the non-zero signal estimates.
+        Defaults to str value 'q:0.75' --- the 75th percentile of signal values.
+    :type minSignalAtMaxima: Optional[str | float]
+    :param useScalingFunction: If True, use (only) the scaling function to build the matching template.
+        If False, use (only) the wavelet function.
+    :type useScalingFunction: bool
+    :param excludeRegionsBedFile: A BED file with regions to exclude from matching
+    :type excludeRegionsBedFile: Optional[str]
+    :param recenterAtPointSource: If True, recenter detected matches at the point source (max value)
+    :type recenterAtPointSource: bool
+    :param weights: Optional weights to apply to `values` prior to matching. Must have the same length as `values`.
+    :type weights: Optional[npt.NDArray[np.float64]]
+    :param eps: Tolerance parameter for relative maxima detection in the response sequence. Set to zero to enforce strict
+        inequalities when identifying discrete relative maxima.
+    :type eps: float
+    :param isLogScale: Whether the input values have already been log- or asinh-transformed. Used to avoid redundant transformations.
+    :type isLogScale: bool
+    :seealso: :class:`consenrich.core.matchingParams`, :func:`cconsenrich.csampleBlockStats`, :ref:`matching`
+    :return: A pandas DataFrame with detected matches
+    :rtype: pd.DataFrame
+    """
+
+    rng = np.random.default_rng(int(randSeed))
+    if len(intervals) < 5:
+        raise ValueError("`intervals` must be at least length 5")
+
+    if len(values) != len(intervals):
+        raise ValueError(
+            "`values` must have the same length as `intervals`"
+        )
+
+    if len(templateNames) != len(cascadeLevels):
+        raise ValueError(
+            "\n\t`templateNames` and `cascadeLevels` must have the same length."
+            "\n\tSet products are not supported, i.e., each template needs an explicitly defined cascade level."
+            "\t\ne.g., for `templateNames = [haar, db2]`, use `cascadeLevels = [2, 2]`, not `[2]`.\n"
+        )
+
+    intervalLengthBp = intervals[1] - intervals[0]
+
+    if minMatchLengthBP is not None and minMatchLengthBP < 1:
+        minMatchLengthBP = autoMinLengthIntervals(values) * int(
+            intervalLengthBp
+        )
+    elif minMatchLengthBP is None:
+        minMatchLengthBP = 250
+
+    logger.info(f"\n\tUsing minMatchLengthBP: {minMatchLengthBP}")
+
+    if not np.all(np.abs(np.diff(intervals)) == intervalLengthBp):
+        raise ValueError("`intervals` must be evenly spaced.")
+
+    if weights is not None:
+        if len(weights) != len(values):
+            logger.warning(
+                f"`weights` length {len(weights)} does not match `values` length {len(values)}. Ignoring..."
+            )
+        else:
+            values = values * weights
+
+    if not isLogScale:
+        asinhValues = np.asinh(values, dtype=np.float32)
+    else:
+        asinhValues = values.astype(np.float32)
+    asinhNonZeroValues = asinhValues[asinhValues > 0]
+
+    iters = max(int(iters), 1000)
+    defQuantile = 0.75
+    chromMin = int(intervals[0])
+    chromMax = int(intervals[-1])
+    chromMid = chromMin + (chromMax - chromMin) // 2  # for split
+    halfLeftMask = intervals < chromMid
+    halfRightMask = ~halfLeftMask
+    excludeMaskGlobal = np.zeros(len(intervals), dtype=np.uint8)
+    if excludeRegionsBedFile is not None:
+        excludeMaskGlobal = core.getBedMask(
+            chromosome, excludeRegionsBedFile, intervals
+        ).astype(np.uint8)
+    allRows = []
+
+    def bhFdr(p: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
+        m = len(p)
+        order = np.argsort(p, kind="mergesort")
+        ranked = np.arange(1, m + 1, dtype=float)
+        q = (p[order] * m) / ranked
+        q = np.minimum.accumulate(q[::-1])[::-1]
+        out = np.empty_like(q)
+        out[order] = q
+        return np.clip(out, 0.0, 1.0)
+
+    def parseMinSignalThreshold(val):
+        if val is None:
+            return -1e6
+        if isinstance(val, str):
+            if val.startswith("q:"):
+                qVal = float(val.split("q:")[-1])
+                if not (0 <= qVal <= 1):
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        f"Quantile {qVal} is out of range"
+                    )
+                return float(
+                    np.quantile(
+                        asinhNonZeroValues,
+                        qVal,
+                        method="interpolated_inverted_cdf",
+                    )
+                )
+            elif castableToFloat(val):
+                v = float(val)
+                return -1e6 if v < 0 else float(np.asinh(v))
+            else:
+                return float(
+                    np.quantile(
+                        asinhNonZeroValues,
+                        defQuantile,
+                        method="interpolated_inverted_cdf",
+                    )
+                )
+        if isinstance(val, (float, int)):
+            v = float(val)
+            return -1e6 if v < 0 else float(np.asinh(v))
+        return float(
+            np.quantile(
+                asinhNonZeroValues,
+                defQuantile,
+                method="interpolated_inverted_cdf",
+            )
+        )
+
+    def relativeMaxima(
+        resp: np.ndarray, orderBins: int, eps: float = None
+    ) -> np.ndarray:
+        order_: int = max(int(orderBins), 1)
+        if eps is None:
+            eps = np.finfo(resp.dtype).eps * 10
+
+        def ge_with_tol(a, b):
+            return a > (b - eps)
+
+        # get initial set using loosened criterion
+        idx = signal.argrelextrema(
+            resp, comparator=ge_with_tol, order=order_
+        )[0]
+        if idx.size == 0:
+            return idx
+
+        if eps > 0.0:
+            groups = []
+            start, prev = idx[0], idx[0]
+            for x in idx[1:]:
+                # case: still contiguous
+                if x == prev + 1:
+                    prev = x
+                else:
+                    # case: a gap --> break off from previous group
+                    groups.append((start, prev))
+                    start = x
+                    prev = x
+            groups.append((start, prev))
+
+            centers: list[int] = []
+            for s, e in groups:
+                if s == e:
+                    centers.append(s)
+                else:
+                    # for each `group` of tied indices, picks the center
+                    centers.append((s + e) // 2)
+
+            return np.asarray(centers, dtype=np.intp)
+
+        return idx
+
+    def sampleBlockMaxima(
+        resp: np.ndarray,
+        halfMask: np.ndarray,
+        relWindowBins: int,
+        nsamp: int,
+        seed: int,
+        eps: float,
+    ):
+        exMask = excludeMaskGlobal.astype(np.uint8).copy()
+        exMask |= (~halfMask).astype(np.uint8)
+        vals = np.array(
+            cconsenrich.csampleBlockStats(
+                intervals.astype(np.uint32),
+                resp,
+                int(relWindowBins),
+                int(nsamp),
+                int(seed),
+                exMask.astype(np.uint8),
+                np.float64(eps if eps is not None else 0.0),
+            ),
+            dtype=float,
+        )
+        if len(vals) == 0:
+            return vals
+        low = np.quantile(vals, 0.001)
+        high = np.quantile(vals, 0.999)
+        return vals[(vals > low) & (vals < high)]
+
+    for templateName, cascadeLevel in zip(
+        templateNames, cascadeLevels
+    ):
+        if templateName not in pw.wavelist(kind="discrete"):
+            logger.warning(
+                f"Skipping unknown wavelet template: {templateName}"
+            )
+            continue
+
+        wav = pw.Wavelet(str(templateName))
+        scalingFunc, waveletFunc, _ = wav.wavefun(
+            level=int(cascadeLevel)
+        )
+        template = np.array(
+            scalingFunc if useScalingFunction else waveletFunc,
+            dtype=np.float64,
+        )
+        template /= np.linalg.norm(template)
+
+        logger.info(
+            f"\n\tMatching template: {templateName}"
+            f"\n\tcascade level: {cascadeLevel}"
+            f"\n\ttemplate length: {len(template)}"
+        )
+
+        # efficient FFT-based cross-correlation
+        # (OA may be better for smaller templates, TODO add a check)
+        response = signal.fftconvolve(
+            values, template[::-1], mode="same"
+        )
+        thisMinMatchBp = minMatchLengthBP
+        if thisMinMatchBp is None or thisMinMatchBp < 1:
+            thisMinMatchBp = len(template) * intervalLengthBp
+        if thisMinMatchBp % intervalLengthBp != 0:
+            thisMinMatchBp += intervalLengthBp - (
+                thisMinMatchBp % intervalLengthBp
+            )
+        relWindowBins = int(
+            ((thisMinMatchBp / intervalLengthBp) / 2) + 1
+        )
+        relWindowBins = max(relWindowBins, 1)
+        asinhThreshold = parseMinSignalThreshold(minSignalAtMaxima)
+        for nullMask, testMask, tag in [
+            (halfLeftMask, halfRightMask, "R"),
+            (halfRightMask, halfLeftMask, "L"),
+        ]:
+            blockMaxima = sampleBlockMaxima(
+                response,
+                nullMask,
+                relWindowBins,
+                nsamp=max(iters, 1000),
+                seed=rng.integers(1, 10_000),
+                eps=eps,
+            )
+            if len(blockMaxima) < 25:
+                pooledMask = ~excludeMaskGlobal.astype(bool)
+                blockMaxima = sampleBlockMaxima(
+                    response,
+                    pooledMask,
+                    relWindowBins,
+                    nsamp=max(iters, 1000),
+                    seed=rng.integers(1, 10_000),
+                    eps=eps,
+                )
+            ecdfSf = stats.ecdf(blockMaxima).sf
+            candidateIdx = relativeMaxima(
+                response, relWindowBins, eps=eps
+            )
+
+            candidateMask = (
+                (candidateIdx >= relWindowBins)
+                & (candidateIdx < len(response) - relWindowBins)
+                & (testMask[candidateIdx])
+                & (excludeMaskGlobal[candidateIdx] == 0)
+                & (asinhValues[candidateIdx] > asinhThreshold)
+            )
+
+            candidateIdx = candidateIdx[candidateMask]
+            if len(candidateIdx) == 0:
+                continue
+            if (
+                maxNumMatches is not None
+                and len(candidateIdx) > maxNumMatches
+            ):
+                candidateIdx = candidateIdx[
+                    np.argsort(asinhValues[candidateIdx])[
+                        -maxNumMatches:
+                    ]
+                ]
+            pEmp = np.clip(
+                ecdfSf.evaluate(response[candidateIdx]),
+                1.0e-10,
+                1.0,
+            )
+            startsIdx = np.maximum(candidateIdx - relWindowBins, 0)
+            endsIdx = np.minimum(
+                len(values) - 1, candidateIdx + relWindowBins
+            )
+            pointSourcesIdx = []
+            for s, e in zip(startsIdx, endsIdx):
+                pointSourcesIdx.append(
+                    np.argmax(values[s : e + 1]) + s
+                )
+            pointSourcesIdx = np.array(pointSourcesIdx)
+            starts = intervals[startsIdx]
+            ends = intervals[endsIdx]
+            pointSourcesAbs = (intervals[pointSourcesIdx]) + max(
+                1, intervalLengthBp // 2
+            )
+            if recenterAtPointSource:
+                starts = pointSourcesAbs - (
+                    relWindowBins * intervalLengthBp
+                )
+                ends = pointSourcesAbs + (
+                    relWindowBins * intervalLengthBp
+                )
+            pointSourcesRel = (
+                intervals[pointSourcesIdx] - starts
+            ) + max(1, intervalLengthBp // 2)
+            sqScores = (1 + response[candidateIdx]) ** 2
+            minR, maxR = (
+                float(np.min(sqScores)),
+                float(np.max(sqScores)),
+            )
+            rangeR = max(maxR - minR, 1.0)
+            scores = (250 + 750 * (sqScores - minR) / rangeR).astype(
+                int
+            )
+            for i, idxVal in enumerate(candidateIdx):
+                allRows.append(
+                    {
+                        "chromosome": chromosome,
+                        "start": int(starts[i]),
+                        "end": int(ends[i]),
+                        "name": f"{templateName}_{cascadeLevel}_{idxVal}_{tag}",
+                        "score": int(scores[i]),
+                        "strand": ".",
+                        "signal": float(response[idxVal]),
+                        "p_raw": float(pEmp[i]),
+                        "pointSource": int(pointSourcesRel[i]),
+                    }
+                )
+
+    if not allRows:
+        logger.warning(
+            "No matches detected, returning empty DataFrame."
+        )
+
+        return pd.DataFrame(
+            columns=[
+                "chromosome",
+                "start",
+                "end",
+                "name",
+                "score",
+                "strand",
+                "signal",
+                "pValue",
+                "qValue",
+                "pointSource",
+            ]
+        )
+
+    df = pd.DataFrame(allRows)
+    qVals = bhFdr(df["p_raw"].values.astype(float))
+    df["pValue"] = -np.log10(
+        np.clip(df["p_raw"].values, 1.0e-10, 1.0)
+    )
+    df["qValue"] = -np.log10(np.clip(qVals, 1.0e-10, 1.0))
+    df.drop(columns=["p_raw"], inplace=True)
+    df = df[qVals <= alpha].copy()
+    df["chromosome"] = df["chromosome"].astype(str)
+    df.sort_values(by=["chromosome", "start", "end"], inplace=True)
+    df.reset_index(drop=True, inplace=True)
+    df = df[
+        [
+            "chromosome",
+            "start",
+            "end",
+            "name",
+            "score",
+            "strand",
+            "signal",
+            "pValue",
+            "qValue",
+            "pointSource",
+        ]
+    ]
+    return df
+
+
+def mergeMatches(
+    filePath: str,
+    mergeGapBP: Optional[int],
+) -> Optional[str]:
+    r"""Merge overlapping or nearby structured peaks ('matches') in a narrowPeak file.
+
+    The harmonic mean of p-values and q-values is computed for each merged region within `mergeGapBP` base pairs.
+    The fourth column (name) of each merged peak contains information about the number of features that were merged
+    and the range of q-values among them.
+
+    Expects a `narrowPeak <https://genome.ucsc.edu/FAQ/FAQformat.html#format12>`_ file as input (all numeric columns, '.' for strand if unknown).
+
+    :param filePath: narrowPeak file containing matches detected with :func:`consenrich.matching.matchWavelet`
+    :type filePath: str
+    :param mergeGapBP: Maximum gap size (in base pairs) to consider for merging. Defaults to 75 bp if `None` or less than 1.
+    :type mergeGapBP: Optional[int]
+
+    :seealso: :ref:`matching`, :class:`consenrich.core.matchingParams`
+    """
+
+    if mergeGapBP is None or mergeGapBP < 1:
+        mergeGapBP = 75
+
+    MAX_NEGLOGP = 10.0
+    MIN_NEGLOGP = 1.0e-10
+
+    if not os.path.isfile(filePath):
+        logger.warning(f"Couldn't access {filePath}...skipping merge")
+        return None
+    bed = None
+    try:
+        bed = BedTool(filePath)
+    except Exception as ex:
+        logger.warning(
+            f"Couldn't create BedTool for {filePath}:\n{ex}\n\nskipping merge..."
+        )
+        return None
+    if bed is None:
+        logger.warning(
+            f"Couldn't create BedTool for {filePath}...skipping merge"
+        )
+        return None
+
+    bed = bed.sort()
+    clustered = bed.cluster(d=mergeGapBP)
+    groups = {}
+    for f in clustered:
+        fields = f.fields
+        chrom = fields[0]
+        start = int(fields[1])
+        end = int(fields[2])
+        score = float(fields[4])
+        signal = float(fields[6])
+        pLog10 = float(fields[7])
+        qLog10 = float(fields[8])
+        peak = int(fields[9])
+        clusterID = fields[-1]
+        if clusterID not in groups:
+            groups[clusterID] = {
+                "chrom": chrom,
+                "sMin": start,
+                "eMax": end,
+                "scSum": 0.0,
+                "sigSum": 0.0,
+                "n": 0,
+                "maxS": float("-inf"),
+                "peakAbs": -1,
+                "pMax": float("-inf"),
+                "pTail": 0.0,
+                "pHasInf": False,
+                "qMax": float("-inf"),
+                "qMin": float("inf"),
+                "qTail": 0.0,
+                "qHasInf": False,
+            }
+        g = groups[clusterID]
+        if start < g["sMin"]:
+            g["sMin"] = start
+        if end > g["eMax"]:
+            g["eMax"] = end
+        g["scSum"] += score
+        g["sigSum"] += signal
+        g["n"] += 1
+
+        if math.isinf(pLog10) or pLog10 >= MAX_NEGLOGP:
+            g["pHasInf"] = True
+        else:
+            if pLog10 > g["pMax"]:
+                if g["pMax"] == float("-inf"):
+                    g["pTail"] = 1.0
+                else:
+                    g["pTail"] = (
+                        g["pTail"] * (10 ** (g["pMax"] - pLog10))
+                        + 1.0
+                    )
+                g["pMax"] = pLog10
+            else:
+                g["pTail"] += 10 ** (pLog10 - g["pMax"])
+
+        if (
+            math.isinf(qLog10)
+            or qLog10 >= MAX_NEGLOGP
+            or qLog10 <= MIN_NEGLOGP
+        ):
+            g["qHasInf"] = True
+        else:
+            if qLog10 < g["qMin"]:
+                if qLog10 < MIN_NEGLOGP:
+                    g["qMin"] = MIN_NEGLOGP
+                else:
+                    g["qMin"] = qLog10
+
+            if qLog10 > g["qMax"]:
+                if g["qMax"] == float("-inf"):
+                    g["qTail"] = 1.0
+                else:
+                    g["qTail"] = (
+                        g["qTail"] * (10 ** (g["qMax"] - qLog10))
+                        + 1.0
+                    )
+                g["qMax"] = qLog10
+            else:
+                g["qTail"] += 10 ** (qLog10 - g["qMax"])
+
+        if signal > g["maxS"]:
+            g["maxS"] = signal
+            g["peakAbs"] = start + peak if peak >= 0 else -1
+
+    items = []
+    for clusterID, g in groups.items():
+        items.append((g["chrom"], g["sMin"], g["eMax"], g))
+    items.sort(key=lambda x: (str(x[0]), x[1], x[2]))
+
+    outPath = f"{filePath.replace('.narrowPeak', '')}.mergedMatches.narrowPeak"
+    lines = []
+    i = 0
+    for chrom, sMin, eMax, g in items:
+        i += 1
+        avgScore = g["scSum"] / g["n"]
+        if avgScore < 0:
+            avgScore = 0
+        if avgScore > 1000:
+            avgScore = 1000
+        scoreInt = int(round(avgScore))
+        sigAvg = g["sigSum"] / g["n"]
+
+        if g["pHasInf"]:
+            pHMLog10 = MAX_NEGLOGP
+        else:
+            if (
+                g["pMax"] == float("-inf")
+                or not (g["pTail"] > 0.0)
+                or math.isnan(g["pTail"])
+            ):
+                pHMLog10 = MIN_NEGLOGP
+            else:
+                pHMLog10 = -math.log10(g["n"]) + (
+                    g["pMax"] + math.log10(g["pTail"])
+                )
+                pHMLog10 = max(
+                    MIN_NEGLOGP, min(pHMLog10, MAX_NEGLOGP)
+                )
+
+        if g["qHasInf"]:
+            qHMLog10 = MAX_NEGLOGP
+        else:
+            if (
+                g["qMax"] == float("-inf")
+                or not (g["qTail"] > 0.0)
+                or math.isnan(g["qTail"])
+            ):
+                qHMLog10 = MIN_NEGLOGP
+            else:
+                qHMLog10 = -math.log10(g["n"]) + (
+                    g["qMax"] + math.log10(g["qTail"])
+                )
+                qHMLog10 = max(
+                    MIN_NEGLOGP, min(qHMLog10, MAX_NEGLOGP)
+                )
+
+        pointSource = (
+            g["peakAbs"] - sMin
+            if g["peakAbs"] >= 0
+            else (eMax - sMin) // 2
+        )
+
+        qMinLog10 = g["qMin"]
+        qMaxLog10 = g["qMax"]
+        if math.isfinite(qMinLog10) and qMinLog10 < MIN_NEGLOGP:
+            qMinLog10 = MIN_NEGLOGP
+        if math.isfinite(qMaxLog10) and qMaxLog10 > MAX_NEGLOGP:
+            qMaxLog10 = MAX_NEGLOGP
+        elif (
+            not math.isfinite(qMaxLog10)
+            or not math.isfinite(qMinLog10)
+        ) or (qMaxLog10 < MIN_NEGLOGP):
+            qMinLog10 = 0.0
+            qMaxLog10 = 0.0
+
+        # informative+parsable name
+        # e.g., regex: ^consenrichPeak\|i=(?P<i>\d+)\|gap=(?P<gap>\d+)bp\|ct=(?P<ct>\d+)\|qRange=(?P<qmin>\d+\.\d{3})_(?P<qmax>\d+\_\d{3})$
+        name = f"consenrichPeak|i={i}|gap={mergeGapBP}bp|ct={g['n']}|qRange={qMinLog10:.3f}_{qMaxLog10:.3f}"
+        lines.append(
+            f"{chrom}\t{int(sMin)}\t{int(eMax)}\t{name}\t{scoreInt}\t.\t{sigAvg:.3f}\t{pHMLog10:.3f}\t{qHMLog10:.3f}\t{int(pointSource)}"
+        )
+
+    with open(outPath, "w") as outF:
+        outF.write("\n".join(lines) + ("\n" if lines else ""))
+    logger.info(f"Merged matches written to {outPath}")
+    return outPath