HydPy 6.2.dev1__cp313-cp313-win_amd64.whl

hydpy/models/ga_garto.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1001 @@
+# pylint: disable=line-too-long, unused-wildcard-import
+"""
+.. _`issue 89`: https://github.com/hydpy-dev/hydpy/issues/89
+
+|ga_garto| implements GARTO, a "Green-Ampt infiltration with Redistribution" model that
+"incorporates features from the Talbot-Ogden infiltration and redistribution method",
+developed by :cite:t:`ref-Lai2015`.  Thankfully, two of its authors, Fred L. Ogden and
+Cary A. Talbot, provided their source code (written in C), which we used to ensure
+|ga_garto| mostly works like this original implementation.  However, there are also
+some differences, which interested users find discussed in `issue 89`_.  The most
+notable difference is that |ga_garto| generally assumes a hydrostatic groundwater
+table, while the complete GARTO method also simulates groundwater dynamics (in terms of
+vertically moving groundwater fronts).
+
+GARTO combines the oriinal  Green-Ampt infiltration model with redistribution
+equations.  In the Green-Ampt model, a saturated wetting front moves downwards in a
+piston-like form through a homogeneous soil with constant initial moisture and assumes
+rainfall intensity always exceeds infiltration intensity.  The redistribution equations
+apply for periods with little or no rainfall.  When redistribution begins, a previously
+saturated wetting front still grows in length but reduces its relative water content.
+With the next heavy rainfall event, a new saturated front develops, and both the old
+and the new front advance downwards.
+
+One improvement of GARTO over simpler GAR approaches is that the number of active
+wetting fronts is (principally) not restricted.  Wetting fronts only disappear when
+being merged with other fronts, which happens when a newer (wetter) front overshoots an
+older (dryer) one or when a wetting front reaches the soil's depth (the groundwater
+table).  Due to approximating natural soil moisture distributions with multiple wetting
+fronts, GARTO can cope with complex rainfall patterns with (long) hiatus periods,
+making it a suitable tool for long-term simulations.
+
+Another functionality required for long-term simulations is evapotranspiration, which
+is not discussed by :cite:t:`ref-Lai2015` but implemented in the mentioned C code.
+|ga_garto| requires the complete withdrawal to be calculated externally and takes it
+from the surface water and the wettest wetting fronts like one can do with the author's
+GARTO code for evaporation.  The additional transpiration features of the C code (e.g.
+taking rooted depth into account) are neglected since we expect |ga_garto| to be
+applied for modelling the rooted soil zone.
+
+ToDo: Taking the rooted depth as the depth of the considered soil domain and assuming a
+      hydrostatic groundwater table at the soil's bottom do not go hand in hand for
+      many catchments.  Do we need alternative lower boundary conditions?
+
+.. _ga_garto_integration_tests:
+
+Integration tests
+=================
+
+.. how_to_understand_integration_tests::
+
+We prepare an initialisation period of 24 hours but restrict the actual simulation and
+evaluation period to 5 hours for the first examples:
+
+>>> from hydpy import pub
+>>> pub.timegrids = "2000-01-01 00:00", "2000-01-02 00:00", "1h"
+>>> pub.timegrids.sim.lastdate = pub.timegrids.eval_.lastdate = "2000-01-01 05:00"
+
+We prepare a |ga_garto| model, set the base time for defining (most) time-dependent
+parameter values to one hour, connect the model to an |Element| instance, and hand this
+element to an |IntegrationTest| instance that will execute and evaluate the following
+example simulations:
+
+>>> from hydpy.models.ga_garto import *
+>>> parameterstep("1h")
+>>> from hydpy import Element, IntegrationTest
+>>> soil = Element("soil")
+>>> soil.model = model
+>>> test = IntegrationTest(soil)
+>>> test.dateformat = "%H:%M"
+>>> test.plotting_options.axis1 = (inputs.rainfall, fluxes.infiltration,
+...                                fluxes.surfacerunoff, fluxes.percolation,
+...                                fluxes.withdrawal)
+>>> test.plotting_options.axis2 = states.frontdepth
+
+For the first set of examples, we initialise a single soil compartment (via parameter
+|NmbSoils|) consisting of three "bins" (via parameter |NmbBins|).  So, besides the
+first "filled" bin, there can be at most two active wetting fronts at the same time:
+
+>>> nmbsoils(1)
+>>> nmbbins(3)
+
+We set the length of the numerical substeps to one second:
+
+>>> with pub.options.parameterstep("1s"):
+...     dt(1.0)
+
+The single soil compartment is not sealed, meaning infiltration is possible:
+
+>>> sealed(False)
+
+The defined subarea is irrelevant as long as we deal with a single compartment:
+
+>>> soilarea(2.0)
+
+We perform all tests for an "average" soil (loam) and take its parameters from
+:cite:t:`ref-Lai2015`, table 1:
+
+>>> residualmoisture(0.027)
+>>> saturationmoisture(0.434)
+>>> saturatedconductivity(13.2)
+>>> poresizedistribution(0.252)
+>>> airentrypotential(111.5)
+
+In agreement with the evaluations performed by :cite:t:`ref-Lai2015`, all our test runs
+start with a relative moisture content of 10 %:
+
+>>> test.inits = ((states.moisture, 0.1),
+...               (states.frontdepth, 0.0),
+...               (logs.moisturechange, 0.0))
+
+
+5 hours, no evaporation, no capillary rise
+__________________________________________
+
+In this subsection, we focus on a short simulation period of five hours without any
+evaporation losses or capillary rise gains.  The chosen rainfall pattern stems from
+:cite:t:`ref-Lai2015`, table 2  (soil number 4, loam):
+
+>>> inputs.rainfall.series[:5] = [40.0, 0.0, 0.0, 40.0, 0.0]
+>>> inputs.evaporation.series = 0.0
+>>> inputs.capillaryrise.series = 0.0
+
+The next commands store the current initial conditions, so we can use them later to
+check that |ga_garto| is not violating the water balance:
+
+>>> test.reset_inits()
+>>> conditions = model.conditions
+
+.. _ga_garto_5h_1000mm:
+
+deep soil
+---------
+
+In this example, we set the soil compartment's depth to one meter so that it does not
+restrict the movement of any front:
+
+>>> soildepth(1000.0)
+
+The infiltration sums for the first and the second event agree well but not perfectly
+with the results reported by :cite:t:`ref-Lai2015`, table 3  (soil number 4, loam),
+which are 38.62 mm (instead of 38.90 mm) and  29.67 mm (instead of 30.01 mm).  We
+checked if the different lengths of the numerical substeps (10 s vs 1 s) cause this
+error, but they do not.  The authors' GARTO code, which we adapted to the same example,
+also using a numerical substep length of 1 s, calculates the same infiltration sums as
+|ga_garto| (38.90 mm and 30.01 mm).
+
+The water content equals the saturation water content at the end of both rainfall
+impulses and decreases afterwards.  Inspecting the front depths', it looks like
+everything takes place in the second bin.  However, |ga_garto| actually creates a
+second wetting front in the third bin during the second impulse, but this front reaches
+the first one during the same simulation step, so they both get merged in the second
+bin:
+
+.. integration-test::
+
+    >>> test("ga_garto_5h_1000mm")
+    |  date | rainfall | capillaryrise | evaporation | surfacewatersupply | soilwatersupply | demand | infiltration | percolation | soilwateraddition | withdrawal | surfacerunoff | totalinfiltration | totalpercolation | totalsoilwateraddition | totalwithdrawal | totalsurfacerunoff |                moisture |                     frontdepth |
+    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | 00:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |    38.896943 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |      1.103057 |         38.896943 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |           1.103057 | 0.1     0.434       0.1 | 1000.0  116.457913         0.0 |
+    | 01:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.364279       0.1 | 1000.0   147.18132         0.0 |
+    | 02:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.343632       0.1 | 1000.0  159.654404         0.0 |
+    | 03:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |    30.008647 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |      9.991353 |         30.008647 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |           9.991353 | 0.1     0.434       0.1 | 1000.0  206.304161         0.0 |
+    | 04:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.387446       0.1 | 1000.0  239.716877         0.0 |
+
+There is no indication of an error in the water balance:
+
+>>> from hydpy import round_
+>>> round_(model.check_waterbalance(conditions))
+0.0
+
+.. _ga_garto_5h_200mm:
+
+200 mm depth
+------------
+
+Next, we repeat the above example with a reduced soil depth of 200 mm:
+
+>>> soildepth(200.0)
+
+All results for the first three hours are identical to those of the
+:ref:`ga_garto_5h_1000mm` example.  But during the second rainfall event, the saturated
+wetting front reaches the soil's bottom so that the first "filled" bin becomes
+saturated and is the only active bin from then on.  Complete saturation comes with a
+dramatic increase in actual conductivity through the whole soil column and thus in
+percolation (groundwater recharge).  On the other hand, the overall downward water
+movement and thus infiltration slows due to losing capillary drive after building
+complete contact with groundwater:
+
+.. integration-test::
+
+    >>> test("ga_garto_5h_200mm")
+    |  date | rainfall | capillaryrise | evaporation | surfacewatersupply | soilwatersupply | demand | infiltration | percolation | soilwateraddition | withdrawal | surfacerunoff | totalinfiltration | totalpercolation | totalsoilwateraddition | totalwithdrawal | totalsurfacerunoff |                  moisture |                    frontdepth |
+    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | 00:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |    38.896943 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |      1.103057 |         38.896943 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |           1.103057 |   0.1     0.434       0.1 | 200.0  116.457913         0.0 |
+    | 01:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 |   0.1  0.364279       0.1 | 200.0   147.18132         0.0 |
+    | 02:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 |   0.1  0.343632       0.1 | 200.0  159.654404         0.0 |
+    | 03:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |     29.03239 |    1.129333 |               0.0 |        0.0 |      10.96761 |          29.03239 |         1.129333 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |           10.96761 | 0.434     0.434     0.434 | 200.0         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 04:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.434     0.434     0.434 | 200.0         0.0         0.0 |
+
+There is no indication of an error in the water balance:
+
+>>> round_(model.check_waterbalance(conditions))
+0.0
+
+.. _ga_garto_5h_150mm:
+
+150 mm depth
+------------
+
+When reducing the soil depth further to 150 mm, the first (and, so far, only) wetting
+front reaches the soil's bottom yet in the first redistribution phase within the third
+hour.  The soil water deficit at the start of the second rainfall event is smaller due
+to increased relative moisture and the reduced soil depth, so infiltration declines
+even more than in the :ref:`ga_garto_5h_200mm` example:
+
+.. integration-test::
+
+    >>> soildepth(150.0)
+    >>> test("ga_garto_5h_150mm")
+    |  date | rainfall | capillaryrise | evaporation | surfacewatersupply | soilwatersupply | demand | infiltration | percolation | soilwateraddition | withdrawal | surfacerunoff | totalinfiltration | totalpercolation | totalsoilwateraddition | totalwithdrawal | totalsurfacerunoff |                    moisture |                    frontdepth |
+    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | 00:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |    38.896943 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |      1.103057 |         38.896943 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |           1.103057 |     0.1     0.434       0.1 | 150.0  116.457913         0.0 |
+    | 01:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 |     0.1  0.364279       0.1 | 150.0   147.18132         0.0 |
+    | 02:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |    0.000403 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |         0.000403 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.35931   0.35931   0.35931 | 150.0         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 03:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |    20.394407 |    9.190947 |               0.0 |        0.0 |     19.605593 |         20.394407 |         9.190947 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |          19.605593 |   0.434     0.434     0.434 | 150.0         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 04:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 |   0.434     0.434     0.434 | 150.0         0.0         0.0 |
+
+There is no indication of an error in the water balance:
+
+>>> round_(model.check_waterbalance(conditions))
+0.0
+
+.. _ga_garto_5h_100mm:
+
+100 mm depth
+------------
+
+When reducing the soil depth even to 100 mm, the soil already saturates in the first
+hour.  Then, the (potential) infiltration sum of the second event gets its smallest
+possible value defined by saturated conductivity:
+
+.. integration-test::
+
+    >>> soildepth(100.0)
+    >>> test("ga_garto_5h_100mm")
+    |  date | rainfall | capillaryrise | evaporation | surfacewatersupply | soilwatersupply | demand | infiltration | percolation | soilwateraddition | withdrawal | surfacerunoff | totalinfiltration | totalpercolation | totalsoilwateraddition | totalwithdrawal | totalsurfacerunoff |               moisture |             frontdepth |
+    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | 00:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |    35.497333 |    2.097333 |               0.0 |        0.0 |      4.502667 |         35.497333 |         2.097333 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |           4.502667 | 0.434  0.434     0.434 | 100.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 01:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.434  0.434     0.434 | 100.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 02:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.434  0.434     0.434 | 100.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 03:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |         13.2 |        13.2 |               0.0 |        0.0 |          26.8 |              13.2 |             13.2 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |               26.8 | 0.434  0.434     0.434 | 100.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 04:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.434  0.434     0.434 | 100.0  0.0         0.0 |
+
+There is no indication of an error in the water balance:
+
+>>> round_(model.check_waterbalance(conditions))
+0.0
+
+5 hours, evaporation
+____________________
+
+In this subsection, we repeat some of the above examples with an evaporation rate of
+1 mm/h:
+
+>>> inputs.evaporation.series = 1.0
+
+.. _ga_garto_5h_1000mm_evap:
+
+deep soil
+---------
+
+Repeating the :ref:`ga_garto_5h_1000mm` example but including evaporation reduces
+surface runoff generation.  This effect emerges especially for the second event, where
+evaporation has a cumulative impact due to also withdrawing water during the previous
+redistribution phase:
+
+.. integration-test::
+
+    >>> soildepth(1000.0)
+    >>> test("ga_garto_5h_1000mm_evap")
+    |  date | rainfall | capillaryrise | evaporation | surfacewatersupply | soilwatersupply | demand | infiltration | percolation | soilwateraddition | withdrawal | surfacerunoff | totalinfiltration | totalpercolation | totalsoilwateraddition | totalwithdrawal | totalsurfacerunoff |                moisture |                     frontdepth |
+    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | 00:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    39.024721 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |      0.727698 |         39.024721 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |           0.727698 | 0.1     0.434       0.1 | 1000.0   114.58773         0.0 |
+    | 01:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.358798       0.1 | 1000.0  144.020647         0.0 |
+    | 02:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.334277       0.1 | 1000.0  154.826468         0.0 |
+    | 03:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    30.689523 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |      8.547812 |         30.689523 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |           8.547812 | 0.1     0.434       0.1 | 1000.0  199.773922         0.0 |
+    | 04:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.383222       0.1 | 1000.0  232.060146         0.0 |
+
+There is no indication of an error in the water balance:
+
+>>> round_(model.check_waterbalance(conditions))
+0.0
+
+.. _ga_garto_5h_100mm_evap:
+
+100 mm depth
+------------
+
+When repeating the :ref:`ga_garto_5h_100mm` example with evaporation, |ga_garto| does
+not always withdraw water from the surface or the currently wettest wetting front (as
+in the :ref:`ga_garto_5h_1000mm_evap` example) but (during rain-free periods) also from
+the filled bin:
+
+.. integration-test::
+
+    >>> soildepth(100.0)
+    >>> test("ga_garto_5h_100mm_evap")
+    |  date | rainfall | capillaryrise | evaporation | surfacewatersupply | soilwatersupply | demand | infiltration | percolation | soilwateraddition | withdrawal | surfacerunoff | totalinfiltration | totalpercolation | totalsoilwateraddition | totalwithdrawal | totalsurfacerunoff |                  moisture |             frontdepth |
+    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | 00:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |     36.00042 |       1.848 |               0.0 |        1.0 |         3.752 |          36.00042 |            1.848 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |              3.752 | 0.434     0.434     0.434 | 100.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 01:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.424  0.424003  0.424003 | 100.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 02:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.414  0.414003  0.414003 | 100.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 03:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |      14.9125 |   12.848611 |               0.0 |        1.0 |     24.151389 |           14.9125 |        12.848611 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |          24.151389 | 0.434     0.434     0.434 | 100.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 04:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.424  0.424003  0.424003 | 100.0  0.0         0.0 |
+
+There is no indication of an error in the water balance:
+
+>>> round_(model.check_waterbalance(conditions))
+0.0
+
+4 mm depth
+----------
+
+Reducing the soil depth to 4 mm is surely no realistic configuration, but we use it to
+show |ga_garto| works stably in case the soil runs completely dry during the third
+hour:
+
+.. integration-test::
+
+    >>> soildepth(4.0)
+    >>> test("ga_garto_5h_4mm_evap")
+    |  date | rainfall | capillaryrise | evaporation | surfacewatersupply | soilwatersupply | demand | infiltration | percolation | soilwateraddition | withdrawal | surfacerunoff | totalinfiltration | totalpercolation | totalsoilwateraddition | totalwithdrawal | totalsurfacerunoff |                  moisture |           frontdepth |
+    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | 00:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    14.450938 |   13.068271 |               0.0 |        1.0 |     24.595729 |         14.450938 |        13.068271 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |          24.595729 | 0.434     0.434     0.434 | 4.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 01:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.184  0.184069  0.184069 | 4.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 02:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |      0.628 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |           0.628 |                0.0 | 0.027     0.027     0.027 | 4.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 03:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    14.651938 |   12.969771 |               0.0 |        1.0 |     24.402229 |         14.651938 |        12.969771 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |          24.402229 | 0.434     0.434     0.434 | 4.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 04:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.184  0.184069  0.184069 | 4.0  0.0         0.0 |
+
+There is no indication of an error in the water balance:
+
+>>> round_(model.check_waterbalance(conditions))
+0.0
+
+.. _ga_garto_5h_1000mm_evap_10s:
+
+deep soil, 10 sec
+-----------------
+
+In the following, we reuse the :ref:`ga_garto_5h_1000mm_evap` example to give an
+impression of the relation between computational effort and numerical accuracy.  Please
+consider this the first impression because such relationships can be distinctly
+different for other conditions.  For example, setting the numerical substep length to
+10 s (as done by :cite:t:`ref-Lai2015`) instead of 1 s (as in all our previous
+examples) increases the total infiltration sum from 69.71 mm to 69.75 mm, which is an
+irrelevant deviation for practical applications:
+
+.. integration-test::
+
+    >>> soildepth(1000.0)
+    >>> with pub.options.parameterstep("1s"):
+    ...     dt(10)
+    >>> derived.nmbsubsteps.update()
+    >>> test("ga_garto_5h_1000mm_evap_10sec")
+    |  date | rainfall | capillaryrise | evaporation | surfacewatersupply | soilwatersupply | demand | infiltration | percolation | soilwateraddition | withdrawal | surfacerunoff | totalinfiltration | totalpercolation | totalsoilwateraddition | totalwithdrawal | totalsurfacerunoff |                moisture |                     frontdepth |
+    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | 00:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    39.035173 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |      0.718436 |         39.035173 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |           0.718436 | 0.1     0.434       0.1 | 1000.0  114.615461         0.0 |
+    | 01:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.358667       0.1 | 1000.0   144.12976         0.0 |
+    | 02:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.1    0.3342       0.1 | 1000.0  154.916779         0.0 |
+    | 03:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    30.713686 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |      8.524923 |         30.713686 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |           8.524923 | 0.1     0.434       0.1 | 1000.0  199.870182         0.0 |
+    | 04:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.383154       0.1 | 1000.0  232.229057         0.0 |
+
+There is no indication of an error in the water balance:
+
+>>> round_(model.check_waterbalance(conditions))
+0.0
+
+.. _ga_garto_5h_1000mm_evap_1min:
+
+deep soil, 1 min
+----------------
+
+:cite:t:`ref-Lai2015` recommend using a numerical substep length of less than 1 min.
+If we set it to 1 min exactly, the total infiltration sum increases from 69.7 mm to
+69.9 mm.   Hence, at least for deep loam soils, calculating in 1 min intervals seems
+acceptable for practical applications:
+
+.. integration-test::
+
+    >>> with pub.options.parameterstep("1m"):
+    ...     dt(1)
+    >>> derived.nmbsubsteps.update()
+    >>> test("ga_garto_5h_1000mm_evap_1min")
+    |  date | rainfall | capillaryrise | evaporation | surfacewatersupply | soilwatersupply | demand | infiltration | percolation | soilwateraddition | withdrawal | surfacerunoff | totalinfiltration | totalpercolation | totalsoilwateraddition | totalwithdrawal | totalsurfacerunoff |                moisture |                     frontdepth |
+    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | 00:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |     39.09203 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |      0.667335 |          39.09203 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |           0.667335 | 0.1     0.434       0.1 | 1000.0  114.768457         0.0 |
+    | 01:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.357898       0.1 | 1000.0  144.757288         0.0 |
+    | 02:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.333753       0.1 | 1000.0   155.43215         0.0 |
+    | 03:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    30.843714 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |      8.405415 |         30.843714 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |           8.405415 | 0.1     0.434       0.1 | 1000.0  200.380986         0.0 |
+    | 04:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.382766       0.1 | 1000.0  233.151397         0.0 |
+
+There is no indication of an error in the water balance:
+
+>>> round_(model.check_waterbalance(conditions))
+0.0
+
+.. _ga_garto_5h_1000mm_evap_1hour:
+
+deep soil, 1 hour
+-----------------
+
+This example shows that even when selecting way too long substeps (in this case, equal
+to the simulation step size), |ga_garto| works stably and holds the water balance
+(still, its results might be more or less random):
+
+.. integration-test::
+
+    >>> with pub.options.parameterstep("1h"):
+    ...     dt(1.0)
+    >>> derived.nmbsubsteps.update()
+    >>> test("ga_garto_5h_1000mm_evap_1h")
+    |  date | rainfall | capillaryrise | evaporation | surfacewatersupply | soilwatersupply | demand | infiltration | percolation | soilwateraddition | withdrawal | surfacerunoff | totalinfiltration | totalpercolation | totalsoilwateraddition | totalwithdrawal | totalsurfacerunoff |                     moisture |                     frontdepth |
+    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | 00:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    35.149692 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |      3.850308 |         35.149692 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |           3.850308 |      0.1     0.434       0.1 | 1000.0    105.2386         0.0 |
+    | 01:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 |  0.13415   0.13515   0.13515 | 1000.0         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 02:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 |  0.13315   0.13415   0.13415 | 1000.0         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 03:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    33.775558 |    0.000005 |               0.0 |        1.0 |      5.224442 |         33.775558 |         0.000005 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |           5.224442 |  0.13315     0.434   0.13415 | 1000.0  112.266969         0.0 |
+    | 04:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.165925  0.166925  0.166925 | 1000.0         0.0         0.0 |
+
+There is no indication of an error in the water balance:
+
+>>> round_(model.check_waterbalance(conditions))
+0.0
+
+5 hours, capillary rise
+_______________________
+
+In this subsection, we repeat some of the above examples with a capillary rise rate of
+1 mm/h:
+
+>>> inputs.evaporation.series = 0.0
+>>> inputs.capillaryrise.series = 1.0
+
+We set the numerical substep length to 1 s, as in most examples above:
+
+>>> with pub.options.parameterstep("1s"):
+...     dt(1)
+>>> derived.nmbsubsteps.update()
+
+.. _ga_garto_5h_1000mm_caprise:
+
+deep soil
+---------
+
+Repeating the :ref:`ga_garto_5h_1000mm` example but including capillary rise reduces
+surface runoff generation.  This effect emerges especially for the second event, where
+capillary rise has a cumulative impact due to also adding water during the previous
+redistribution phase:
+
+.. integration-test::
+
+    >>> soildepth(1000.0)
+    >>> test("ga_garto_5h_1000mm_caprise")
+    |  date | rainfall | capillaryrise | evaporation | surfacewatersupply | soilwatersupply | demand | infiltration | percolation | soilwateraddition | withdrawal | surfacerunoff | totalinfiltration | totalpercolation | totalsoilwateraddition | totalwithdrawal | totalsurfacerunoff |                     moisture |                     frontdepth |
+    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | 00:00 |     40.0 |           1.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             1.0 |    0.0 |     38.88927 |         0.0 |               1.0 |        0.0 |       1.11073 |          38.88927 |              0.0 |                    1.0 |             0.0 |            1.11073 | 0.101065     0.434  0.101065 | 1000.0  116.611777         0.0 |
+    | 01:00 |      0.0 |           1.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             1.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               1.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    1.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.102222   0.36437  0.102222 | 1000.0  147.500306         0.0 |
+    | 02:00 |      0.0 |           1.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             1.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               1.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    1.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.103405  0.343752  0.103405 | 1000.0  160.120235         0.0 |
+    | 03:00 |     40.0 |           1.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             1.0 |    0.0 |    29.978803 |         0.0 |               1.0 |        0.0 |     10.021197 |         29.978803 |              0.0 |                    1.0 |             0.0 |          10.021197 | 0.104618     0.434  0.104618 | 1000.0  207.207357         0.0 |
+    | 04:00 |      0.0 |           1.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             1.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               1.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    1.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.105912  0.387649  0.105912 | 1000.0  241.204907         0.0 |
+
+There is no indication of an error in the water balance:
+
+>>> round_(model.check_waterbalance(conditions))
+0.0
+
+.. _ga_garto_5h_100mm_caprise:
+
+100 mm depth
+------------
+
+After decreasing the soil's depth to 100 mm, the soil can absorb the available
+capillary rise only at the start of the simulation.  The actual soil water addition is
+0.82 mm for the first hour instead of the potential 1.0 mm.  Afterwards, the soil is
+full and cannot absorb any capillary rise:
+
+.. integration-test::
+
+    >>> soildepth(100.0)
+    >>> test("ga_garto_5h_100mm_caprise")
+    |  date | rainfall | capillaryrise | evaporation | surfacewatersupply | soilwatersupply | demand | infiltration | percolation | soilwateraddition | withdrawal | surfacerunoff | totalinfiltration | totalpercolation | totalsoilwateraddition | totalwithdrawal | totalsurfacerunoff |               moisture |             frontdepth |
+    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | 00:00 |     40.0 |           1.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             1.0 |    0.0 |    34.956278 |    2.376001 |          0.819722 |        0.0 |      5.043722 |         34.956278 |         2.376001 |               0.819722 |             0.0 |           5.043722 | 0.434  0.434     0.434 | 100.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 01:00 |      0.0 |           1.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             1.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.434  0.434     0.434 | 100.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 02:00 |      0.0 |           1.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             1.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.434  0.434     0.434 | 100.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 03:00 |     40.0 |           1.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             1.0 |    0.0 |         13.2 |        13.2 |               0.0 |        0.0 |          26.8 |              13.2 |             13.2 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |               26.8 | 0.434  0.434     0.434 | 100.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 04:00 |      0.0 |           1.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             1.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.434  0.434     0.434 | 100.0  0.0         0.0 |
+
+There is no indication of an error in the water balance:
+
+>>> round_(model.check_waterbalance(conditions))
+0.0
+
+.. _ga_garto_5h_1000mm_evap_caprise:
+
+capillary rise and evaporation
+------------------------------
+
+In this example, we show what happens when simultaneously considering both capillary
+rise and evaporation by assuming the same intensity of 1 mm/h:
+
+>>> inputs.evaporation.series = 1.0
+
+At first, one might assume |ga_garto| calculates the same infiltration rates as in the
+:ref:`ga_garto_5h_1000mm` example because the capillary rise and evaporation cancel
+each other out.  However, we see slightly higher infiltration rates as in the
+:ref:`ga_garto_5h_1000mm` results due to the different "priorities" of both processes.
+For evaporation, method |Withdraw_AllBins_V1| prefers to take water from the wettest
+bin (proceeds from right to left).  For capillary rise, method |Withdraw_AllBins_V1|
+prefers adding water to the dryest bin (proceeds from left to right):
+
+.. integration-test::
+
+    >>> soildepth(1000.0)
+    >>> test("ga_garto_5h_1000mm_evap_caprise")
+    |  date | rainfall | capillaryrise | evaporation | surfacewatersupply | soilwatersupply | demand | infiltration | percolation | soilwateraddition | withdrawal | surfacerunoff | totalinfiltration | totalpercolation | totalsoilwateraddition | totalwithdrawal | totalsurfacerunoff |                     moisture |                     frontdepth |
+    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | 00:00 |     40.0 |           1.0 |         1.0 |               40.0 |             1.0 |    1.0 |    39.017221 |         0.0 |               1.0 |        1.0 |      0.734334 |         39.017221 |              0.0 |                    1.0 |             1.0 |           0.734334 | 0.101064     0.434  0.101064 | 1000.0  114.742841         0.0 |
+    | 01:00 |      0.0 |           1.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             1.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               1.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    1.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.102218  0.358898  0.102218 | 1000.0  144.335188         0.0 |
+    | 02:00 |      0.0 |           1.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             1.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               1.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    1.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.103395  0.334413  0.103395 | 1000.0  155.273537         0.0 |
+    | 03:00 |     40.0 |           1.0 |         1.0 |               40.0 |             1.0 |    1.0 |     30.66013 |         0.0 |               1.0 |        1.0 |      8.576934 |          30.66013 |              0.0 |                    1.0 |             1.0 |           8.576934 | 0.104598     0.434  0.104598 | 1000.0  200.638186         0.0 |
+    | 04:00 |      0.0 |           1.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             1.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               1.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    1.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.105881  0.383441  0.105881 | 1000.0  233.492414         0.0 |
+
+There is no indication of an error in the water balance:
+
+>>> round_(model.check_waterbalance(conditions))
+0.0
+
+
+24 hours, no evaporation
+________________________
+
+In this and the following subsection, we deal with more complex series of rainfall
+events spanning 24 hours:
+
+>>> pub.timegrids = pub.timegrids.init
+
+The examples demonstrate how |ga_garto| works when pronounced hiatus periods occur,
+where the accuracy of the redistribution process becomes highly important.
+Additionally, we perform some "stress tests" to check the robustness of the interaction
+of the different underlying methods.  We begin with a repeating pattern of hourly
+rainfall sums of 0 mm and 40 mm and zero evaporation:
+
+>>> inputs.rainfall.series = 12 * [0.0, 40.0]
+>>> inputs.evaporation.series = 0.0
+>>> inputs.capillaryrise.series = 0.0
+
+The following "no evaporation" examples focus on a sufficiently deep soil column of 1 m
+depth:
+
+>>> soildepth(1000.0)
+
+.. _ga_garto_24h_1000mm_3bins:
+
+three bins
+----------
+
+For a series of 40 mm rainfall impulses, separated by hiatus periods of only one hour,
+one should expect infiltration rates to decrease from event to event.  However, the
+eleventh event (21:00 - 22:00) deviates from this expectation.  Inspecting the
+evolution of the wetting fronts' relative moisture and depth reveals the cause.  For
+the first event (01:00 - 02:00), a single saturated wetting front (handled by the
+second bin) is sufficient.  For the next few subevents, an additional bin is required
+for modelling new wetting fronts until they reach the old redistributing wetting front
+of the second bin.  From the seventh event (13:00 - 14:00), the new wetting front
+cannot reach the depth of the old wetting front during the event anymore, but still in
+the subsequent hiatus period.  After the tenth event (19:00 - 20:00), the old front has
+sufficiently grown to be out of reach for the new front, even during the hiatus period.
+Then, |ga_garto| would need to activate a new bin to model the eleventh event with two
+old and one new wetting front, which is impossible due to the limited number of
+available bins:
+
+ToDo: Should we think about increasing the number of bins automatically?
+
+.. integration-test::
+
+    >>> test("ga_garto_24h_1000mm_3bins")
+    |  date | rainfall | capillaryrise | evaporation | surfacewatersupply | soilwatersupply | demand | infiltration | percolation | soilwateraddition | withdrawal | surfacerunoff | totalinfiltration | totalpercolation | totalsoilwateraddition | totalwithdrawal | totalsurfacerunoff |                moisture |                     frontdepth |
+    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | 00:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1       0.1       0.1 | 1000.0         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 01:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |    38.896943 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |      1.103057 |         38.896943 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |           1.103057 | 0.1     0.434       0.1 | 1000.0  116.457913         0.0 |
+    | 02:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.364279       0.1 | 1000.0   147.18132         0.0 |
+    | 03:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |    29.427627 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |     10.572373 |         29.427627 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |          10.572373 | 0.1     0.434       0.1 | 1000.0  204.564581         0.0 |
+    | 04:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.387148       0.1 | 1000.0  237.941999         0.0 |
+    | 05:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |    25.626714 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |     14.373286 |         25.626714 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |          14.373286 | 0.1     0.434       0.1 | 1000.0  281.291271         0.0 |
+    | 06:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.397405       0.1 | 1000.0  315.903728         0.0 |
+    | 07:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |    23.681158 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |     16.318842 |         23.681158 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |          16.318842 | 0.1     0.434       0.1 | 1000.0  352.192943         0.0 |
+    | 08:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.403518       0.1 | 1000.0  387.563853         0.0 |
+    | 09:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |    22.433986 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |     17.566014 |         22.433986 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |          17.566014 | 0.1     0.434       0.1 | 1000.0  419.360565         0.0 |
+    | 10:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.407664       0.1 | 1000.0  455.257579         0.0 |
+    | 11:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |    21.542888 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |     18.457112 |         21.542888 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |          18.457112 | 0.1     0.434       0.1 | 1000.0   483.86023         0.0 |
+    | 12:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.410698       0.1 | 1000.0  520.148824         0.0 |
+    | 13:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |    20.851521 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |     19.148479 |         20.851521 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |          19.148479 | 0.1  0.410698     0.434 | 1000.0  549.592648  502.252611 |
+    | 14:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.413271       0.1 | 1000.0  582.437628         0.0 |
+    | 15:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |    20.248024 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |     19.751976 |         20.248024 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |          19.751976 | 0.1  0.413271     0.434 | 1000.0  613.068675  513.880136 |
+    | 16:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.415161       0.1 | 1000.0  643.192319         0.0 |
+    | 17:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |     19.76204 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |      20.23796 |          19.76204 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |           20.23796 | 0.1  0.415161     0.434 | 1000.0  674.655072  522.639168 |
+    | 18:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.416592       0.1 | 1000.0  702.704838         0.0 |
+    | 19:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |    19.363437 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |     20.636563 |         19.363437 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |          20.636563 | 0.1  0.416592     0.434 | 1000.0  734.757786  529.403244 |
+    | 20:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.416592   0.41723 | 1000.0  762.475214  690.509816 |
+    | 21:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |    20.503402 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |     19.496598 |         20.503402 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |          19.496598 | 0.1  0.416592     0.434 | 1000.0  792.704507  653.366365 |
+    | 22:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.418979       0.1 | 1000.0  822.429032         0.0 |
+    | 23:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |    18.677018 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |     21.322982 |         18.677018 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |          21.322982 | 0.1  0.418979     0.434 | 1000.0  855.509696  540.914341 |
+
+There is no indication of an error in the water balance:
+
+>>> round_(model.check_waterbalance(conditions))
+0.0
+
+.. _ga_garto_24h_1000mm_4bins:
+
+four bins
+---------
+
+After setting the number of available bins to four, |ga_garto| can create all wetting
+fronts required during the simulation period and predicts the infiltration rate
+decrease expected for all events:
+
+.. integration-test::
+
+    >>> nmbbins(4)
+    >>> test("ga_garto_24h_1000mm_4bins")
+    |  date | rainfall | capillaryrise | evaporation | surfacewatersupply | soilwatersupply | demand | infiltration | percolation | soilwateraddition | withdrawal | surfacerunoff | totalinfiltration | totalpercolation | totalsoilwateraddition | totalwithdrawal | totalsurfacerunoff |                         moisture |                                 frontdepth |
+    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | 00:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1       0.1      0.1       0.1 | 1000.0         0.0         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 01:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |    38.896943 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |      1.103057 |         38.896943 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |           1.103057 | 0.1     0.434      0.1       0.1 | 1000.0  116.457913         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 02:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.364279      0.1       0.1 | 1000.0   147.18132         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 03:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |    29.427627 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |     10.572373 |         29.427627 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |          10.572373 | 0.1     0.434      0.1       0.1 | 1000.0  204.564581         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 04:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.387148      0.1       0.1 | 1000.0  237.941999         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 05:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |    25.626714 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |     14.373286 |         25.626714 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |          14.373286 | 0.1     0.434      0.1       0.1 | 1000.0  281.291271         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 06:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.397405      0.1       0.1 | 1000.0  315.903728         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 07:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |    23.681158 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |     16.318842 |         23.681158 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |          16.318842 | 0.1     0.434      0.1       0.1 | 1000.0  352.192943         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 08:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.403518      0.1       0.1 | 1000.0  387.563853         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 09:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |    22.434993 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |     17.565007 |         22.434993 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |          17.565007 | 0.1     0.434      0.1       0.1 | 1000.0   419.36358         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 10:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.407664      0.1       0.1 | 1000.0  455.260614         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 11:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |    21.543879 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |     18.456121 |         21.543879 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |          18.456121 | 0.1     0.434      0.1       0.1 | 1000.0  483.866211         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 12:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.410698      0.1       0.1 | 1000.0  520.154838         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 13:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |    20.852762 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |     19.147238 |         20.852762 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |          19.147238 | 0.1  0.410698    0.434       0.1 | 1000.0  549.604576  502.232076         0.0 |
+    | 14:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.413271      0.1       0.1 | 1000.0  582.447698         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 15:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |    20.249245 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |     19.750755 |         20.249245 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |          19.750755 | 0.1  0.413271    0.434       0.1 | 1000.0  613.084239  513.859417         0.0 |
+    | 16:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.415161      0.1       0.1 | 1000.0  643.205436         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 17:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |    19.763163 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |     20.236837 |         19.763163 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |          20.236837 | 0.1  0.415161    0.434       0.1 | 1000.0   674.67364  522.620811         0.0 |
+    | 18:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.416593      0.1       0.1 | 1000.0   702.72179         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 19:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |    19.364813 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |     20.635187 |         19.364813 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |          20.635187 | 0.1  0.416593    0.434       0.1 | 1000.0  734.780849  529.379914         0.0 |
+    | 20:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.416593  0.41723       0.1 | 1000.0  762.498422   690.44692         0.0 |
+    | 21:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |     19.10987 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |      20.89013 |          19.10987 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |           20.89013 | 0.1   0.41723    0.434       0.1 | 1000.0  794.446748  532.431799         0.0 |
+    | 22:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1   0.41723  0.41729       0.1 | 1000.0  822.468829  652.505949         0.0 |
+    | 23:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         0.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    0.0 |    18.967684 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |     21.032316 |         18.967684 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |          21.032316 | 0.1   0.41729    0.434       0.1 | 1000.0  854.161255   532.72863         0.0 |
+
+There is no indication of an error in the water balance:
+
+>>> round_(model.check_waterbalance(conditions))
+0.0
+
+24 hours, evaporation
+_____________________
+
+This subsection combines complex precipitation events with an evaporation rate of
+1 mm/h:
+
+>>> inputs.evaporation.series = 1.0
+
+.. _ga_garto_24h_1000mm_evap:
+
+multiple events
+---------------
+
+In contrast to the :ref:`ga_garto_5h_1000mm_evap` example, rainfall starts in the
+second simulation step.  Hence, the initial moisture (handled by the first bin)
+decreases during the first simulation step:
+
+.. integration-test::
+
+    >>> test("ga_garto_24h_1000mm_evap")
+    |  date | rainfall | capillaryrise | evaporation | surfacewatersupply | soilwatersupply | demand | infiltration | percolation | soilwateraddition | withdrawal | surfacerunoff | totalinfiltration | totalpercolation | totalsoilwateraddition | totalwithdrawal | totalsurfacerunoff |                            moisture |                                 frontdepth |
+    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | 00:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.099     0.099     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0         0.0         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 01:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    39.041594 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |      0.713078 |         39.041594 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |           0.713078 | 0.099     0.434     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0  114.289319         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 02:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.099  0.358644     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0  143.607705         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 03:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    29.920271 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |      9.273387 |         29.920271 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |           9.273387 | 0.099     0.434     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0  200.040404         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 04:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.099  0.383262     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0  232.228153         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 05:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    26.151093 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |     12.997939 |         26.151093 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |          12.997939 | 0.099     0.434     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0  274.673421         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 06:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.099  0.394281     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0   308.23364         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 07:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    24.246288 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |     14.881992 |         24.246288 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |          14.881992 | 0.099     0.434     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0  343.682399         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 08:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.099   0.40086     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0  378.101578         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 09:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    23.029243 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |     16.085756 |         23.029243 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |          16.085756 | 0.099     0.434     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0  409.098052         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 10:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.099   0.40533     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0  444.121263         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 11:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    22.159184 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |     16.946127 |         22.159184 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |          16.946127 | 0.099     0.434     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0  471.945433         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 12:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.099  0.408607     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0  507.422909         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 13:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    21.486061 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |      17.61165 |         21.486061 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |           17.61165 | 0.099  0.408607     0.434     0.099 | 1000.0  535.098528  504.856362         0.0 |
+    | 14:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.099    0.4113     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0  568.331329         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 15:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |     20.90663 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |     18.184482 |          20.90663 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |          18.184482 | 0.099    0.4113     0.434     0.099 | 1000.0  597.246501  519.184071         0.0 |
+    | 16:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.099  0.413387     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0  627.587693         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 17:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    20.421532 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |      18.66414 |         20.421532 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |           18.66414 | 0.099  0.413387     0.434     0.099 | 1000.0  657.465384  530.870913         0.0 |
+    | 18:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.099  0.414936     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0  685.713192         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 19:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    20.025604 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |     19.055781 |         20.025604 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |          19.055781 | 0.099  0.414936     0.434     0.099 | 1000.0  716.263636   539.87659         0.0 |
+    | 20:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.099  0.414936  0.416189     0.099 | 1000.0  742.803107  724.318214         0.0 |
+    | 21:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    19.689022 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |     19.388809 |         19.689022 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |          19.388809 | 0.099  0.416189     0.434     0.099 | 1000.0  773.818616    547.4229         0.0 |
+    | 22:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.099  0.416189  0.416346     0.099 | 1000.0  801.068162  680.245328         0.0 |
+    | 23:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    19.538331 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |     19.538741 |         19.538331 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |          19.538741 | 0.099  0.416346     0.434     0.099 | 1000.0  831.823337  548.446593         0.0 |
+
+There is no indication of an error in the water balance:
+
+>>> round_(model.check_waterbalance(conditions))
+0.0
+
+.. _ga_garto_24h_1000mm_evap_continuous:
+
+continuous event
+----------------
+
+Now, we define an extreme rainfall event with multiple increases and decreases in
+intensity:
+
+>>> inputs.rainfall.series = [
+...     0.0, 10.0, 20.0, 10.0, 20.0, 30.0, 20.0, 30.0, 40.0, 30.0, 40.0, 50.0,
+...     50.0, 40.0, 30.0, 40.0, 30.0, 20.0, 30.0, 20.0, 10.0, 20.0, 10.0, 0.0]
+
+Because of the vast rainfall, the soil saturates entirely in the 20th hour, and
+percolation becomes significant afterwards.  In the 21st hour, it is restricted by
+saturated conductivity and in the 22nd hour, by the current rainfall rate.  Note there
+is a difference in the behaviour especially relevant during the 21st hour, which we
+discuss in the documentation on method |Redistribute_Front_V1|:
+
+.. integration-test::
+
+    >>> test("ga_garto_24h_1000mm_evap_continuous")
+    |  date | rainfall | capillaryrise | evaporation | surfacewatersupply | soilwatersupply | demand | infiltration | percolation | soilwateraddition | withdrawal | surfacerunoff | totalinfiltration | totalpercolation | totalsoilwateraddition | totalwithdrawal | totalsurfacerunoff |                               moisture |                          frontdepth |
+    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | 00:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 |    0.099     0.099     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0         0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 01:00 |     10.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               10.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |         10.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |              10.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 |    0.099  0.362114     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0   34.205692  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 02:00 |     20.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               20.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |         20.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |              20.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 |    0.099  0.423016     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0   86.415369  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 03:00 |     10.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               10.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |         10.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |              10.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 |    0.099  0.401285     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0  122.401136  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 04:00 |     20.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               20.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |         20.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |              20.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 |    0.099  0.432646     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0  167.842713  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 05:00 |     30.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               30.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    24.597228 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |      4.402772 |         24.597228 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |           4.402772 |    0.099     0.434     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0  240.588739  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 06:00 |     20.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               20.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |         20.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |              20.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 |    0.099  0.433999     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0  297.305986  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 07:00 |     30.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               30.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    20.265771 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |      8.734229 |         20.265771 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |           8.734229 |    0.099     0.434     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0  357.799995  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 08:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    19.185635 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |     19.814365 |         19.185635 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |          19.814365 |    0.099     0.434     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0  415.070547  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 09:00 |     30.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               30.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    18.424562 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |     10.575438 |         18.424562 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |          10.575438 |    0.099     0.434     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0  470.069238  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 10:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    17.854101 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |     21.145899 |         17.854101 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |          21.145899 |    0.099     0.434     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0  523.365062  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 11:00 |     50.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               50.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    17.407673 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |     31.592327 |         17.407673 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |          31.592327 |    0.099     0.434     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0  575.328266  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 12:00 |     50.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               50.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    17.047104 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |     31.952896 |         17.047104 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |          31.952896 |    0.099     0.434     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0  626.215142  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 13:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    16.748785 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |     22.251215 |         16.748785 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |          22.251215 |    0.099     0.434     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0  676.211516  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 14:00 |     30.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               30.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    16.497275 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |     12.502725 |         16.497275 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |          12.502725 |    0.099     0.434     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0  725.457114  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 15:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    16.282023 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |     22.717977 |         16.282023 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |          22.717977 |    0.099     0.434     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0  774.060169  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 16:00 |     30.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               30.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    16.095253 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |     12.904747 |         16.095253 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |          12.904747 |    0.099     0.434     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0  822.105699  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 17:00 |     20.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               20.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    15.931516 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |      3.068484 |         15.931516 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |           3.068484 |    0.099     0.434     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0  869.662463  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 18:00 |     30.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               30.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    15.786723 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |     13.213277 |         15.786723 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |          13.213277 |    0.099     0.434     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0   916.78701  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 19:00 |     20.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               20.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    15.657507 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |      3.342493 |         15.657507 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |           3.342493 |    0.099     0.434     0.099     0.099 | 1000.0  963.525835  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 20:00 |     10.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               10.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |         10.0 |    0.867385 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |              10.0 |         0.867385 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.429914  0.429914  0.429914  0.429914 | 1000.0         0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 21:00 |     20.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               20.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    17.495333 |   12.776553 |               0.0 |        1.0 |      2.136333 |         17.495333 |        12.776553 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |           2.136333 | 0.434001  0.434001  0.434001  0.434001 | 1000.0         0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 22:00 |     10.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               10.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |         10.0 |        10.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |              10.0 |             10.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.433001  0.433001  0.433001  0.433001 | 1000.0         0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 23:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.432001  0.432001  0.432001  0.432001 | 1000.0         0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+
+There is no indication of an error in the water balance:
+
+>>> round_(model.check_waterbalance(conditions))
+0.0
+
+.. _ga_garto_24h_1000mm_evap_interruptions:
+
+long interruption
+-----------------
+
+We define three strong rainfall impulses with hiatus periods of ten and eleven hours to
+give better insight into the longer-term behaviour of wetting front redistribution:
+
+>>> inputs.rainfall.series = 0.0
+>>> inputs.rainfall.series[[0, 11, 23]] = 40.0, 15.0, 15.0
+
+The second, smaller rainfall impulse cause the creation of a second wetting front.
+This front does not become fully saturated and requires about three hours for to reach
+the first front's depth:
+
+.. integration-test::
+
+    >>> test("ga_garto_24h_1000mm_evap_interruptions")
+    |  date | rainfall | capillaryrise | evaporation | surfacewatersupply | soilwatersupply | demand | infiltration | percolation | soilwateraddition | withdrawal | surfacerunoff | totalinfiltration | totalpercolation | totalsoilwateraddition | totalwithdrawal | totalsurfacerunoff |                          moisture |                                 frontdepth |
+    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | 00:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |    39.024721 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |      0.727698 |         39.024721 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |           0.727698 | 0.1     0.434       0.1       0.1 | 1000.0   114.58773         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 01:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.358798       0.1       0.1 | 1000.0  144.020647         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 02:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.334277       0.1       0.1 | 1000.0  154.826468         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 03:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.318405       0.1       0.1 | 1000.0  161.499839         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 04:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.306195       0.1       0.1 | 1000.0  166.212888         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 05:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.295993       0.1       0.1 | 1000.0  169.763106         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 06:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.287043       0.1       0.1 | 1000.0  172.539757         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 07:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.1   0.27894       0.1       0.1 | 1000.0  174.764504         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 08:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.1   0.27144       0.1       0.1 | 1000.0  176.576626         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 09:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.264387       0.1       0.1 | 1000.0  178.069861         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 10:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.257672       0.1       0.1 | 1000.0  179.310578         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 11:00 |     15.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               15.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |         15.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |              15.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.257672  0.408371       0.1 | 1000.0  179.504341   92.697947         0.0 |
+    | 12:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.257672  0.348534       0.1 | 1000.0  179.691196     142.414         0.0 |
+    | 13:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.257672  0.329314       0.1 | 1000.0  179.868591  166.271421         0.0 |
+    | 14:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.316885       0.1       0.1 | 1000.0  181.074289         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 15:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.306472       0.1       0.1 | 1000.0    185.3631         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 16:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.297508       0.1       0.1 | 1000.0  188.713192         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 17:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.289506       0.1       0.1 | 1000.0  191.404458         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 18:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.282184       0.1       0.1 | 1000.0  193.608049         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 19:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.275362       0.1       0.1 | 1000.0  195.436907         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 20:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.268921       0.1       0.1 | 1000.0  196.969814         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 21:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.262774       0.1       0.1 | 1000.0  198.264096         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 22:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.256861       0.1       0.1 | 1000.0  199.362866         0.0         0.0 |
+    | 23:00 |     15.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               15.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |         15.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |           0.0 |              15.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.256861  0.408284       0.1 | 1000.0  199.547726   92.265084         0.0 |
+
+There is no indication of an error in the water balance:
+
+>>> round_(model.check_waterbalance(conditions))
+0.0
+
+.. _ga_garto_24h_sealed:
+
+sealed surface
+--------------
+
+One can mark individual soil compartments as "sealed":
+
+>>> sealed(True)
+
+Then, the soil's surface prevents infiltration and all rainfall evaporates, or becomes
+surface runoff:
+
+.. integration-test::
+
+    >>> test("ga_garto_24h_sealed")
+    |  date | rainfall | capillaryrise | evaporation | surfacewatersupply | soilwatersupply | demand | infiltration | percolation | soilwateraddition | withdrawal | surfacerunoff | totalinfiltration | totalpercolation | totalsoilwateraddition | totalwithdrawal | totalsurfacerunoff |                moisture |                frontdepth |
+    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | 00:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               40.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |          39.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |               39.0 | 0.1  0.1  0.1       0.1 | 0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 01:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.1  0.1       0.1 | 0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 02:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.1  0.1       0.1 | 0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 03:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.1  0.1       0.1 | 0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 04:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.1  0.1       0.1 | 0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 05:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.1  0.1       0.1 | 0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 06:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.1  0.1       0.1 | 0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 07:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.1  0.1       0.1 | 0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 08:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.1  0.1       0.1 | 0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 09:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.1  0.1       0.1 | 0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 10:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.1  0.1       0.1 | 0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 11:00 |     15.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               15.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |          14.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |               14.0 | 0.1  0.1  0.1       0.1 | 0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 12:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.1  0.1       0.1 | 0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 13:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.1  0.1       0.1 | 0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 14:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.1  0.1       0.1 | 0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 15:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.1  0.1       0.1 | 0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 16:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.1  0.1       0.1 | 0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 17:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.1  0.1       0.1 | 0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 18:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.1  0.1       0.1 | 0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 19:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.1  0.1       0.1 | 0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 20:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.1  0.1       0.1 | 0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 21:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.1  0.1       0.1 | 0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 22:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |                0.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        0.0 |           0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.0 |                0.0 | 0.1  0.1  0.1       0.1 | 0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 23:00 |     15.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |               15.0 |             0.0 |    1.0 |          0.0 |         0.0 |               0.0 |        1.0 |          14.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |               14.0 | 0.1  0.1  0.1       0.1 | 0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+
+There is no indication of an error in the water balance:
+
+>>> round_(model.check_waterbalance(conditions))
+0.0
+
+
+.. _ga_garto_5h_3soils:
+
+three compartments
+------------------
+
+We prepare three soil compartments within the same model instance, of which the last
+one is sealed:
+
+>>> nmbsoils(3)
+>>> sealed(False, False, True)
+
+
+We must define each compartment's area but only the depth of unsealed ones:
+
+>>> soilarea(1.0, 2.0, 3.0)
+>>> soildepth(400.0, 100.0, nan)
+
+We take the soil properties for sand (first compartment) and clay (second compartment)
+from table 1 of :cite:t:`ref-Lai2015`:
+
+>>> residualmoisture(0.02, 0.09, nan)
+>>> saturationmoisture(0.417, 0.385, nan)
+>>> saturatedconductivity(235.6, 0.6, nan)
+>>> poresizedistribution(0.694, 0.165, nan)
+>>> airentrypotential(72.6, 373.0, nan)
+
+Due to changing the arrays' shapes, we need to update the memorised initial conditions
+required for checking the water balance:
+
+>>> test.reset_inits()
+>>> conditions = model.conditions
+
+Sand allows for much more infiltration than clay, of course.  So, the wetting front
+created during the first rainfall impulse reaches the sand soil's bottom (at a depth of
+400 mm) during the 6th hour.  The tiny amount of percolation (0.0002 mm) at this time
+is due to numerical inaccuracy (or the fact that |Merge_SoilDepthOvershootings_V1|
+considers water overshooting the soil's depth as groundwater recharge).  In contrast,
+in the clay soil, the deepest wetting front propagates to a depth of less than 70 mm
+during the entire 24 h period only:
+
+.. integration-test::
+
+    >>> test("ga_garto_5h_3soils")
+    |  date | rainfall | capillaryrise | evaporation |             surfacewatersupply |           soilwatersupply |           demand |                  infiltration |                percolation |           soilwateraddition |           withdrawal |                 surfacerunoff | totalinfiltration | totalpercolation | totalsoilwateraddition | totalwithdrawal | totalsurfacerunoff |                                                                                   moisture |                                                                               frontdepth |
+    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | 00:00 |     40.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 | 40.0  40.0                40.0 | 0.0  0.0              0.0 | 1.0  1.0     1.0 | 40.0  14.791244           0.0 | 0.019062  0.0          0.0 | 0.0  0.0                0.0 | 1.0  1.0         1.0 | 0.0  24.279057           39.0 |         11.597081 |         0.003177 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |          27.593019 |      0.1  0.1  0.1  0.301056     0.385  0.1       0.1    0.1  0.1       0.1  0.1       0.1 | 400.0  100.0  0.0  193.881434  51.652432  0.0  0.0        0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 01:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |  0.0   0.0                 0.0 | 0.0  0.0              0.0 | 1.0  1.0     1.0 |  0.0        0.0           0.0 |      0.0  0.0          0.0 | 0.0  0.0                0.0 | 1.0  1.0         0.0 | 0.0        0.0            0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.5 |                0.0 |      0.1  0.1  0.1  0.230493  0.332214  0.1       0.1    0.1  0.1       0.1  0.1       0.1 | 400.0  100.0  0.0  291.056551  59.087523  0.0  0.0        0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 02:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |  0.0   0.0                 0.0 | 0.0  0.0              0.0 | 1.0  1.0     1.0 |  0.0        0.0           0.0 |      0.0  0.0          0.0 | 0.0  0.0                0.0 | 1.0  1.0         0.0 | 0.0        0.0            0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.5 |                0.0 |      0.1  0.1  0.1  0.209759  0.307931  0.1       0.1    0.1  0.1       0.1  0.1       0.1 | 400.0  100.0  0.0  336.929013   61.17858  0.0  0.0        0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 03:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |  0.0   0.0                 0.0 | 0.0  0.0              0.0 | 1.0  1.0     1.0 |  0.0        0.0           0.0 |      0.0  0.0          0.0 | 0.0  0.0                0.0 | 1.0  1.0         0.0 | 0.0        0.0            0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.5 |                0.0 |      0.1  0.1  0.1  0.197433  0.288756  0.1       0.1    0.1  0.1       0.1  0.1       0.1 | 400.0  100.0  0.0  369.288731  62.095805  0.0  0.0        0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 04:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |  0.0   0.0                 0.0 | 0.0  0.0              0.0 | 1.0  1.0     1.0 |  0.0        0.0           0.0 |      0.0  0.0          0.0 | 0.0  0.0                0.0 | 1.0  1.0         0.0 | 0.0        0.0            0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.5 |                0.0 |      0.1  0.1  0.1  0.188608  0.271453  0.1       0.1    0.1  0.1       0.1  0.1       0.1 | 400.0  100.0  0.0  394.781137  62.530085  0.0  0.0        0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 05:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |  0.0   0.0                 0.0 | 0.0  0.0              0.0 | 1.0  1.0     1.0 |  0.0        0.0           0.0 | 0.000201  0.0          0.0 | 0.0  0.0                0.0 | 1.0  1.0         0.0 | 0.0        0.0            0.0 |               0.0 |         0.000033 |                    0.0 |             0.5 |                0.0 | 0.184952  0.1  0.1  0.184953  0.254952  0.1  0.184953    0.1  0.1  0.184953  0.1       0.1 | 400.0  100.0  0.0         0.0  62.735058  0.0  0.0        0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 06:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |  0.0   0.0                 0.0 | 0.0  0.0              0.0 | 1.0  1.0     1.0 |  0.0        0.0           0.0 |      0.0  0.0          0.0 | 0.0  0.0                0.0 | 1.0  1.0         0.0 | 0.0        0.0            0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.5 |                0.0 | 0.182452  0.1  0.1  0.182453  0.238807  0.1  0.182453    0.1  0.1  0.182453  0.1       0.1 | 400.0  100.0  0.0         0.0   62.82789  0.0  0.0        0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 07:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |  0.0   0.0                 0.0 | 0.0  0.0              0.0 | 1.0  1.0     1.0 |  0.0        0.0           0.0 |      0.0  0.0          0.0 | 0.0  0.0                0.0 | 1.0  1.0         0.0 | 0.0        0.0            0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.5 |                0.0 | 0.179952  0.1  0.1  0.179953  0.222814  0.1  0.179953    0.1  0.1  0.179953  0.1       0.1 | 400.0  100.0  0.0         0.0  62.867167  0.0  0.0        0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 08:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |  0.0   0.0                 0.0 | 0.0  0.0              0.0 | 1.0  1.0     1.0 |  0.0        0.0           0.0 |      0.0  0.0          0.0 | 0.0  0.0                0.0 | 1.0  1.0         0.0 | 0.0        0.0            0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.5 |                0.0 | 0.177452  0.1  0.1  0.177453  0.206881  0.1  0.177453    0.1  0.1  0.177453  0.1       0.1 | 400.0  100.0  0.0         0.0  62.882303  0.0  0.0        0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 09:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |  0.0   0.0                 0.0 | 0.0  0.0              0.0 | 1.0  1.0     1.0 |  0.0        0.0           0.0 |      0.0  0.0          0.0 | 0.0  0.0                0.0 | 1.0  1.0         0.0 | 0.0        0.0            0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.5 |                0.0 | 0.174952  0.1  0.1  0.174953  0.190971  0.1  0.174953    0.1  0.1  0.174953  0.1       0.1 | 400.0  100.0  0.0         0.0  62.887463  0.0  0.0        0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 10:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |  0.0   0.0                 0.0 | 0.0  0.0              0.0 | 1.0  1.0     1.0 |  0.0        0.0           0.0 |      0.0  0.0          0.0 | 0.0  0.0                0.0 | 1.0  1.0         0.0 | 0.0        0.0            0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.5 |                0.0 | 0.172452  0.1  0.1  0.172453  0.175068  0.1  0.172453    0.1  0.1  0.172453  0.1       0.1 | 400.0  100.0  0.0         0.0   62.88896  0.0  0.0        0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 11:00 |     15.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 | 15.0  15.0                15.0 | 0.0  0.0              0.0 | 1.0  1.0     1.0 | 15.0  11.882861           0.0 | 0.845942  0.0          0.0 | 0.0  0.0                0.0 | 1.0  1.0         1.0 | 0.0   2.520368           14.0 |          6.460954 |          0.14099 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |           7.840123 | 0.172452  0.1  0.1  0.247859  0.175068  0.1  0.172452  0.385  0.1  0.172452  0.1       0.1 | 400.0  100.0  0.0  174.440504   62.88896  0.0  0.0  54.682601  0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 12:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |  0.0   0.0                 0.0 | 0.0  0.0              0.0 | 1.0  1.0     1.0 |  0.0        0.0           0.0 |      0.0  0.0          0.0 | 0.0  0.0                0.0 | 1.0  1.0         0.0 | 0.0        0.0            0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.5 |                0.0 | 0.172452  0.1  0.1  0.213064  0.336058  0.1  0.172452    0.1  0.1  0.172452  0.1       0.1 | 400.0  100.0  0.0  299.268379  64.393528  0.0  0.0        0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 13:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |  0.0   0.0                 0.0 | 0.0  0.0              0.0 | 1.0  1.0     1.0 |  0.0        0.0           0.0 |      0.0  0.0          0.0 | 0.0  0.0                0.0 | 1.0  1.0         0.0 | 0.0        0.0            0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.5 |                0.0 | 0.172452  0.1  0.1  0.200519  0.313074  0.1  0.172452    0.1  0.1  0.172452  0.1       0.1 | 400.0  100.0  0.0  397.400794  66.646073  0.0  0.0        0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 14:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |  0.0   0.0                 0.0 | 0.0  0.0              0.0 | 1.0  1.0     1.0 |  0.0        0.0           0.0 |  0.00029  0.0          0.0 | 0.0  0.0                0.0 | 1.0  1.0         0.0 | 0.0        0.0            0.0 |               0.0 |         0.000048 |                    0.0 |             0.5 |                0.0 | 0.197836  0.1  0.1  0.197837  0.295007  0.1  0.197837    0.1  0.1  0.197837  0.1       0.1 | 400.0  100.0  0.0         0.0  67.692993  0.0  0.0        0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 15:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |  0.0   0.0                 0.0 | 0.0  0.0              0.0 | 1.0  1.0     1.0 |  0.0        0.0           0.0 |      0.0  0.0          0.0 | 0.0  0.0                0.0 | 1.0  1.0         0.0 | 0.0        0.0            0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.5 |                0.0 | 0.195336  0.1  0.1  0.195337  0.278839  0.1  0.195337    0.1  0.1  0.195337  0.1       0.1 | 400.0  100.0  0.0         0.0  68.220977  0.0  0.0        0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 16:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |  0.0   0.0                 0.0 | 0.0  0.0              0.0 | 1.0  1.0     1.0 |  0.0        0.0           0.0 |      0.0  0.0          0.0 | 0.0  0.0                0.0 | 1.0  1.0         0.0 | 0.0        0.0            0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.5 |                0.0 | 0.192836  0.1  0.1  0.192837  0.263536  0.1  0.192837    0.1  0.1  0.192837  0.1       0.1 | 400.0  100.0  0.0         0.0  68.489783  0.0  0.0        0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 17:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |  0.0   0.0                 0.0 | 0.0  0.0              0.0 | 1.0  1.0     1.0 |  0.0        0.0           0.0 |      0.0  0.0          0.0 | 0.0  0.0                0.0 | 1.0  1.0         0.0 | 0.0        0.0            0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.5 |                0.0 | 0.190336  0.1  0.1  0.190337  0.248646  0.1  0.190337    0.1  0.1  0.190337  0.1       0.1 | 400.0  100.0  0.0         0.0  68.623364  0.0  0.0        0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 18:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |  0.0   0.0                 0.0 | 0.0  0.0              0.0 | 1.0  1.0     1.0 |  0.0        0.0           0.0 |      0.0  0.0          0.0 | 0.0  0.0                0.0 | 1.0  1.0         0.0 | 0.0        0.0            0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.5 |                0.0 | 0.187836  0.1  0.1  0.187837   0.23395  0.1  0.187837    0.1  0.1  0.187837  0.1       0.1 | 400.0  100.0  0.0         0.0  68.686744  0.0  0.0        0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 19:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |  0.0   0.0                 0.0 | 0.0  0.0              0.0 | 1.0  1.0     1.0 |  0.0        0.0           0.0 |      0.0  0.0          0.0 | 0.0  0.0                0.0 | 1.0  1.0         0.0 | 0.0        0.0            0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.5 |                0.0 | 0.185336  0.1  0.1  0.185337  0.219342  0.1  0.185337    0.1  0.1  0.185337  0.1       0.1 | 400.0  100.0  0.0         0.0  68.714921  0.0  0.0        0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 20:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |  0.0   0.0                 0.0 | 0.0  0.0              0.0 | 1.0  1.0     1.0 |  0.0        0.0           0.0 |      0.0  0.0          0.0 | 0.0  0.0                0.0 | 1.0  1.0         0.0 | 0.0        0.0            0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.5 |                0.0 | 0.182836  0.1  0.1  0.182837  0.204772  0.1  0.182837    0.1  0.1  0.182837  0.1       0.1 | 400.0  100.0  0.0         0.0  68.726433  0.0  0.0        0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 21:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |  0.0   0.0                 0.0 | 0.0  0.0              0.0 | 1.0  1.0     1.0 |  0.0        0.0           0.0 |      0.0  0.0          0.0 | 0.0  0.0                0.0 | 1.0  1.0         0.0 | 0.0        0.0            0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.5 |                0.0 | 0.180336  0.1  0.1  0.180337  0.190216  0.1  0.180337    0.1  0.1  0.180337  0.1       0.1 | 400.0  100.0  0.0         0.0  68.730654  0.0  0.0        0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 22:00 |      0.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 |  0.0   0.0                 0.0 | 0.0  0.0              0.0 | 1.0  1.0     1.0 |  0.0        0.0           0.0 |      0.0  0.0          0.0 | 0.0  0.0                0.0 | 1.0  1.0         0.0 | 0.0        0.0            0.0 |               0.0 |              0.0 |                    0.0 |             0.5 |                0.0 | 0.177836  0.1  0.1  0.177837  0.175665  0.1  0.177837    0.1  0.1  0.177837  0.1       0.1 | 400.0  100.0  0.0         0.0  68.731999  0.0  0.0        0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+    | 23:00 |     15.0 |           0.0 |         1.0 | 15.0  15.0                15.0 | 0.0  0.0              0.0 | 1.0  1.0     1.0 | 15.0  11.870193           0.0 | 1.037538  0.0          0.0 | 0.0  0.0                0.0 | 1.0  1.0         1.0 | 0.0    2.53189           14.0 |          6.456731 |         0.172923 |                    0.0 |             1.0 |           7.843963 | 0.177836  0.1  0.1  0.247817  0.175665  0.1  0.177836  0.385  0.1  0.177836  0.1       0.1 | 400.0  100.0  0.0  185.229656     68.732  0.0  0.0   54.78341  0.0  0.0  0.0         0.0 |
+
+There is no indication of an error in the water balance:
+
+>>> round_(model.check_waterbalance(conditions))
+0.0
+"""
+# import...
+# ...from HydPy
+from hydpy.core import modeltools
+from hydpy.exe.modelimports import *
+from hydpy.core.typingtools import *
+
+# ...from ga
+from hydpy.models.ga import ga_model
+
+
+class Model(ga_model.BaseModel):
+    """|ga_garto.DOCNAME.complete|."""
+
+    DOCNAME = modeltools.DocName(
+        short="GA-GARTO",
+        description=(
+            "main model for calculating the Green-Ampt / Talbot-Ogden infiltration "
+            "with redistribution"
+        ),
+    )
+    __HYDPY_ROOTMODEL__ = False  # ToDo: merge `ga_garto` and `ga_garto_submodel1`
+
+    INLET_METHODS = ()
+    RECEIVER_METHODS = ()
+    RUN_METHODS = (
+        ga_model.Calc_SurfaceWaterSupply_V1,
+        ga_model.Calc_SoilWaterSupply_V1,
+        ga_model.Calc_Demand_V1,
+        ga_model.Perform_GARTO_V1,
+        ga_model.Calc_TotalInfiltration_V1,
+        ga_model.Calc_TotalPercolation_V1,
+        ga_model.Calc_TotalSoilWaterAddition_V1,
+        ga_model.Calc_TotalWithdrawal_V1,
+        ga_model.Calc_TotalSurfaceRunoff_V1,
+    )
+    ADD_METHODS = (
+        ga_model.Return_RelativeMoisture_V1,
+        ga_model.Return_Conductivity_V1,
+        ga_model.Return_CapillaryDrive_V1,
+        ga_model.Return_DryDepth_V1,
+        ga_model.Return_LastActiveBin_V1,
+        ga_model.Active_Bin_V1,
+        ga_model.Percolate_FilledBin_V1,
+        ga_model.Shift_Front_V1,
+        ga_model.Redistribute_Front_V1,
+        ga_model.Infiltrate_WettingFrontBins_V1,
+        ga_model.Merge_FrontDepthOvershootings_V1,
+        ga_model.Merge_SoilDepthOvershootings_V1,
+        ga_model.Water_AllBins_V1,
+        ga_model.Withdraw_AllBins_V1,
+    )
+    OUTLET_METHODS = ()
+    SENDER_METHODS = ()
+    SUBMODELINTERFACES = ()
+    SUBMODELS = ()
+
+
+tester = Tester()
+cythonizer = Cythonizer()