HydPy 6.2.dev1__cp313-cp313-win_amd64.whl

hydpy/models/dam_lreservoir.py

@@ -0,0 +1,548 @@
+# pylint: disable=line-too-long, unused-wildcard-import
+"""
+.. _`LARSIM`: http://www.larsim.de/en/the-model/
+
+|dam_lreservoir| is a relatively simple reservoir model, similar to the "TALS" model of
+`LARSIM`_.  It combines the features of |dam_llake| ("controlled lake") and
+|dam_lretention| ("retention basin").  Additionally, it allows controlling the stored
+water volume via defining target values that can vary seasonally.
+
+Like |dam_lretention|, |dam_lreservoir| allows for combining controlled, "harmless
+outflow" (via parameter |AllowedRelease|) and uncontrolled, "spillway outflow" (via
+parameter |WaterLevel2FloodDischarge|), and like |dam_llake|, it allows restricting the
+speed of the water level decrease during periods with little inflow via parameter
+|AllowedWaterLevelDrop| (only through reducing the controlled outflow, of course).
+Before continuing, please first read the documentation on these two application models.
+
+The additional feature of |dam_lreservoir| is its ability to track seasonal target
+volumes.  We define these target volumes via parameter |TargetVolume|.  The parameters
+|VolumeTolerance|, |TargetRangeAbsolute|, and |TargetRangeRelative| serve to yield more
+smooth and realistic reservoir responses for slight deviations from the given target
+values.  Setting |TargetRangeRelative| to 0.2 and both other parameters to zero
+corresponds to selecting the "TALSPERRE SOLLRANGE" option in `LARSIM`_.  Please see the
+following examples and the documentation on method |Calc_ActualRelease_V3| for more
+information on setting and combining the individual parameter values for different use
+cases.
+
+Integration tests
+=================
+
+.. how_to_understand_integration_tests::
+
+We prepare a test set similar to the ones for application models |dam_llake| and
+|dam_lretention|, including an identical inflow series and an identical relationship
+between stage and volume:
+
+>>> from hydpy import IntegrationTest, Element, pub
+>>> pub.timegrids = "01.01.2000", "21.01.2000", "1d"
+>>> from hydpy.models.dam_lreservoir import *
+>>> parameterstep("1d")
+>>> element = Element("element", inlets="input_", outlets="output")
+>>> element.model = model
+>>> test = IntegrationTest(element)
+>>> test.dateformat = "%d.%m."
+>>> test.plotting_options.axis1 = fluxes.inflow, fluxes.outflow
+>>> test.plotting_options.axis2 = states.watervolume
+>>> test.inits = [
+...     (states.watervolume, 0.0),
+...     (logs.loggedadjustedevaporation, 0.0)]
+>>> test.reset_inits()
+>>> conditions = model.conditions
+>>> watervolume2waterlevel(PPoly.from_data(xs=[0.0, 1.0], ys=[0.0, 1.0]))
+>>> surfacearea(1.44)
+>>> catchmentarea(86.4)
+>>> correctionprecipitation(1.2)
+>>> correctionevaporation(1.2)
+>>> weightevaporation(0.8)
+>>> thresholdevaporation(0.0)
+>>> toleranceevaporation(0.001)
+>>> with model.add_precipmodel_v2("meteo_precip_io") as precipmodel:
+...     precipitationfactor(1.0)
+>>> precipmodel.prepare_inputseries()
+>>> precipmodel.sequences.inputs.precipitation.series = [
+...     0.0, 50.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0,
+...     0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
+>>> element.inlets.input_.sequences.sim.series = [
+...     0.0, 0.0, 6.0, 12.0, 10.0, 6.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.0, 0.0,
+...     0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
+
+.. _dam_lreservoir_base_scenario:
+
+base scenario
+_____________
+
+First, we again use the linear relation between discharge and stage used
+throughout the integration tests of |dam_llake| and in the :ref:`base example
+<dam_lretention_base_scenario>` of |dam_lretention|:
+
+>>> waterlevel2flooddischarge(PPoly.from_data(xs=[0.0, 1.0], ys=[0.0, 10.0]))
+
+Additionally, we set some of the remaining parameter values extremely high or low to
+ensure the reservoir stores all water except the one activating the spillway, which
+becomes "flood discharge":
+
+>>> targetvolume(100.0)
+>>> neardischargeminimumthreshold.shape = 1
+>>> neardischargeminimumthreshold.values = -100.0
+>>> targetrangeabsolute(0.1)
+>>> targetrangerelative(0.2)
+>>> watervolumeminimumthreshold(0.0)
+>>> volumetolerance(0.1)
+>>> dischargetolerance(0.1)
+>>> allowedrelease(100.0)
+>>> allowedwaterleveldrop(100.0)
+
+Due to the same the neural network configuration, the results are identical to the ones
+of the :ref:`base example <dam_llake_base_scenario>` of |dam_llake| and the
+:ref:`base example <dam_lretention_base_scenario>` of |dam_lretention|:
+
+.. integration-test::
+
+    >>> test("dam_lreservoir_base_scenario")
+    |   date | waterlevel | precipitation | adjustedprecipitation | potentialevaporation | adjustedevaporation | actualevaporation | inflow | actualrelease | flooddischarge |  outflow | watervolume | input_ |   output |
+    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | 01.01. |        0.0 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.0 |            0.0 |      0.0 |         0.0 |    0.0 |      0.0 |
+    | 02.01. |   0.057853 |          50.0 |                   1.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.0 |         0.3304 |   0.3304 |    0.057853 |    0.0 |   0.3304 |
+    | 03.01. |     0.3715 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    6.0 |           0.0 |       2.369831 | 2.369831 |      0.3715 |    6.0 | 2.369831 |
+    | 04.01. |    0.85081 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |   12.0 |           0.0 |       6.452432 | 6.452432 |     0.85081 |   12.0 | 6.452432 |
+    | 05.01. |    0.93712 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |   10.0 |           0.0 |       9.001037 | 9.001037 |     0.93712 |   10.0 | 9.001037 |
+    | 06.01. |   0.742087 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    6.0 |           0.0 |       8.257327 | 8.257327 |    0.742087 |    6.0 | 8.257327 |
+    | 07.01. |   0.486328 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    3.0 |           0.0 |       5.960176 | 5.960176 |    0.486328 |    3.0 | 5.960176 |
+    | 08.01. |    0.32068 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    2.0 |           0.0 |       3.917227 | 3.917227 |     0.32068 |    2.0 | 3.917227 |
+    | 09.01. |   0.193011 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    1.0 |           0.0 |       2.477651 | 2.477651 |    0.193011 |    1.0 | 2.477651 |
+    | 10.01. |   0.081349 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.0 |       1.292382 | 1.292382 |    0.081349 |    0.0 | 1.292382 |
+    | 11.01. |   0.034286 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.0 |       0.544712 | 0.544712 |    0.034286 |    0.0 | 0.544712 |
+    | 12.01. |    0.01445 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.0 |       0.229577 | 0.229577 |     0.01445 |    0.0 | 0.229577 |
+    | 13.01. |   0.006091 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.0 |       0.096747 | 0.096747 |    0.006091 |    0.0 | 0.096747 |
+    | 14.01. |   0.002568 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.0 |       0.040782 | 0.040782 |    0.002568 |    0.0 | 0.040782 |
+    | 15.01. |   0.001082 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.0 |       0.017191 | 0.017191 |    0.001082 |    0.0 | 0.017191 |
+    | 16.01. |   0.000456 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.0 |       0.007254 | 0.007254 |    0.000456 |    0.0 | 0.007254 |
+    | 17.01. |   0.000192 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.0 |       0.003054 | 0.003054 |    0.000192 |    0.0 | 0.003054 |
+    | 18.01. |   0.000082 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.0 |       0.001277 | 0.001277 |    0.000082 |    0.0 | 0.001277 |
+    | 19.01. |   0.000035 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.0 |       0.000542 | 0.000542 |    0.000035 |    0.0 | 0.000542 |
+    | 20.01. |   0.000014 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.0 |        0.00024 |  0.00024 |    0.000014 |    0.0 |  0.00024 |
+
+There is no indication of an error in the water balance:
+
+>>> from hydpy import round_
+>>> round_(model.check_waterbalance(conditions))
+0.0
+
+.. _dam_lreservoir_spillway:
+
+spillway
+________
+
+When we reuse the more realistic relationship between flood discharge and stage of the
+:ref:`spillway example <dam_lretention_spillway>` on |dam_lretention|, we again get the
+same flood discharge time series:
+
+.. integration-test::
+
+    >>> waterlevel2flooddischarge(ANN(weights_input=10.0, weights_output=50.0,
+    ...                               intercepts_hidden=-20.0, intercepts_output=0.0))
+    >>> test("dam_lreservoir_spillway")
+    |   date | waterlevel | precipitation | adjustedprecipitation | potentialevaporation | adjustedevaporation | actualevaporation | inflow | actualrelease | flooddischarge |  outflow | watervolume | input_ |   output |
+    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | 01.01. |        0.0 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.0 |            0.0 |      0.0 |         0.0 |    0.0 |      0.0 |
+    | 02.01. |     0.0864 |          50.0 |                   1.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.0 |            0.0 |      0.0 |      0.0864 |    0.0 |      0.0 |
+    | 03.01. |   0.604798 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    6.0 |           0.0 |       0.000022 | 0.000022 |    0.604798 |    6.0 | 0.000022 |
+    | 04.01. |   1.630781 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |   12.0 |           0.0 |       0.125198 | 0.125198 |    1.630781 |   12.0 | 0.125198 |
+    | 05.01. |   1.860804 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |   10.0 |           0.0 |       7.337699 | 7.337699 |    1.860804 |   10.0 | 7.337699 |
+    | 06.01. |   1.801264 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    6.0 |           0.0 |       6.689121 | 6.689121 |    1.801264 |    6.0 | 6.689121 |
+    | 07.01. |   1.729848 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    3.0 |           0.0 |       3.826574 | 3.826574 |    1.729848 |    3.0 | 3.826574 |
+    | 08.01. |   1.689809 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    2.0 |           0.0 |       2.463407 | 2.463407 |    1.689809 |    2.0 | 2.463407 |
+    | 09.01. |    1.63782 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    1.0 |           0.0 |       1.601733 | 1.601733 |     1.63782 |    1.0 | 1.601733 |
+    | 10.01. |   1.561989 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.0 |       0.877667 | 0.877667 |    1.561989 |    0.0 | 0.877667 |
+    | 11.01. |   1.519092 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.0 |       0.496492 | 0.496492 |    1.519092 |    0.0 | 0.496492 |
+    | 12.01. |   1.489092 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.0 |       0.347228 | 0.347228 |    1.489092 |    0.0 | 0.347228 |
+    | 13.01. |   1.466012 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.0 |       0.267126 | 0.267126 |    1.466012 |    0.0 | 0.267126 |
+    | 14.01. |   1.447256 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.0 |       0.217087 | 0.217087 |    1.447256 |    0.0 | 0.217087 |
+    | 15.01. |   1.431458 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.0 |       0.182846 | 0.182846 |    1.431458 |    0.0 | 0.182846 |
+    | 16.01. |   1.417812 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.0 |       0.157936 | 0.157936 |    1.417812 |    0.0 | 0.157936 |
+    | 17.01. |   1.405803 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.0 |       0.138999 | 0.138999 |    1.405803 |    0.0 | 0.138999 |
+    | 18.01. |   1.395079 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.0 |       0.124117 | 0.124117 |    1.395079 |    0.0 | 0.124117 |
+    | 19.01. |   1.385393 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.0 |       0.112112 | 0.112112 |    1.385393 |    0.0 | 0.112112 |
+    | 20.01. |    1.37656 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.0 |       0.102224 | 0.102224 |     1.37656 |    0.0 | 0.102224 |
+
+There is no indication of an error in the water balance:
+
+>>> round_(model.check_waterbalance(conditions))
+0.0
+
+.. _dam_lreservoir_target_volume:
+
+target volume
+_____________
+
+During dry periods, application model |dam_lretention| generally releases all its water
+until the basin runs dry, as long as |AllowedRelease| is larger than zero.  Application
+model |dam_lreservoir| instead allows fo defining target volumes.  |dam_lreservoir|
+tries to control its outflow so that the actual volume approximately equals the
+(potentially seasonally varying) target volume.  However, it cannot release arbitrary
+amounts of water to fulfil this task due to its priority to release a predefined
+minimum amount of water (for ecological reasons) and its second priority to not release
+too much water (for flood protection).  In this example, we activate these mechanisms
+by changing some corresponding parameter values (see the documentation on method
+|Calc_ActualRelease_V3| for more detailed examples, including the numerous corner
+cases):
+
+>>> targetvolume(0.5)
+>>> neardischargeminimumthreshold(0.1)
+>>> allowedrelease(4.0)
+>>> allowedwaterleveldrop(1.0)
+
+Compared with the :ref:`dam_lretention_allowed_release` results of |dam_lretention|,
+|dam_lreservoir| dampens the given flood event less efficiently.  |dam_lretention|
+releases all initial inflow, while |dam_lreservoir| stores most of it until it reaches
+the  target volume of 0.5 million m³. After peak flow, |dam_lreservoir| first releases
+its water as fast as allowed but then tries  to meet the target volume again.  The slow
+negative trend away from the target value at the end of the simulation period results
+from the lack of inflow while still needing to release at least 0.1 m³/s:
+
+.. integration-test::
+
+    >>> test("dam_lreservoir_target_volume")
+    |   date | waterlevel | precipitation | adjustedprecipitation | potentialevaporation | adjustedevaporation | actualevaporation | inflow | actualrelease | flooddischarge |  outflow | watervolume | input_ |   output |
+    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | 01.01. |  -0.004502 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |      0.052109 |            0.0 | 0.052109 |   -0.004502 |    0.0 | 0.052109 |
+    | 02.01. |   0.074385 |          50.0 |                   1.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |      0.086952 |            0.0 | 0.086952 |    0.074385 |    0.0 | 0.086952 |
+    | 03.01. |   0.501715 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    6.0 |      1.054045 |       0.000005 |  1.05405 |    0.501715 |    6.0 |  1.05405 |
+    | 04.01. |   1.192722 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |   12.0 |      3.999981 |       0.002258 | 4.002239 |    1.192722 |   12.0 | 4.002239 |
+    | 05.01. |    1.67387 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |   10.0 |           4.0 |       0.431153 | 4.431153 |     1.67387 |   10.0 | 4.431153 |
+    | 06.01. |    1.68056 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    6.0 |           4.0 |       1.922574 | 5.922574 |     1.68056 |    6.0 | 5.922574 |
+    | 07.01. |   1.516996 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    3.0 |           4.0 |       0.893095 | 4.893095 |    1.516996 |    3.0 | 4.893095 |
+    | 08.01. |   1.329056 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    2.0 |           4.0 |       0.175235 | 4.175235 |    1.329056 |    2.0 | 4.175235 |
+    | 09.01. |   1.067995 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    1.0 |           4.0 |       0.021544 | 4.021544 |    1.067995 |    1.0 | 4.021544 |
+    | 10.01. |   0.722287 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |      3.999987 |       0.001256 | 4.001243 |    0.722287 |    0.0 | 4.001243 |
+    | 11.01. |    0.51737 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |       2.37168 |       0.000045 | 2.371724 |     0.51737 |    0.0 | 2.371724 |
+    | 12.01. |   0.502797 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |      0.168652 |       0.000017 | 0.168669 |    0.502797 |    0.0 | 0.168669 |
+    | 13.01. |   0.492469 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |      0.119528 |       0.000015 | 0.119543 |    0.492469 |    0.0 | 0.119543 |
+    | 14.01. |   0.482061 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |      0.120443 |       0.000013 | 0.120457 |    0.482061 |    0.0 | 0.120457 |
+    | 15.01. |   0.471841 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |      0.118275 |       0.000012 | 0.118287 |    0.471841 |    0.0 | 0.118287 |
+    | 16.01. |    0.46177 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |      0.116561 |       0.000011 | 0.116572 |     0.46177 |    0.0 | 0.116572 |
+    | 17.01. |   0.451801 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |      0.115362 |        0.00001 | 0.115372 |    0.451801 |    0.0 | 0.115372 |
+    | 18.01. |    0.44192 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |      0.114359 |       0.000009 | 0.114368 |     0.44192 |    0.0 | 0.114368 |
+    | 19.01. |   0.432119 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |      0.113425 |       0.000008 | 0.113434 |    0.432119 |    0.0 | 0.113434 |
+    | 20.01. |   0.422396 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |      0.112527 |       0.000007 | 0.112534 |    0.422396 |    0.0 | 0.112534 |
+
+There is no indication of an error in the water balance:
+
+>>> round_(model.check_waterbalance(conditions))
+0.0
+
+.. _dam_lreservoir_sharp_transitions:
+
+sharp transitions
+_________________
+
+Due to smoothing, the above results deviate from the ones one would expect from
+`LARSIM`_ simulations to some degree.  However, if we set both "target range"
+parameters to zero (like one does not select the `LARSIM`_ option "TALSPERRE
+SOLLRANGE") and both "tolerance" parameters to zero (to turn off any smoothing), we get
+more similar results:
+
+.. integration-test::
+
+    >>> targetrangeabsolute(0.0)
+    >>> targetrangerelative(0.0)
+    >>> volumetolerance(0.0)
+    >>> dischargetolerance(0.0)
+    >>> test("dam_lreservoir_sharp_transitions")
+    |   date | waterlevel | precipitation | adjustedprecipitation | potentialevaporation | adjustedevaporation | actualevaporation | inflow | actualrelease | flooddischarge |  outflow | watervolume | input_ |   output |
+    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | 01.01. |  -0.000014 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |      0.000167 |            0.0 | 0.000167 |   -0.000014 |    0.0 | 0.000167 |
+    | 02.01. |   0.077753 |          50.0 |                   1.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |      0.099917 |            0.0 | 0.099917 |    0.077753 |    0.0 | 0.099917 |
+    | 03.01. |   0.529668 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    6.0 |      0.769489 |       0.000006 | 0.769495 |    0.529668 |    6.0 | 0.769495 |
+    | 04.01. |    1.22061 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |   12.0 |           4.0 |       0.002985 | 4.002985 |     1.22061 |   12.0 | 4.002985 |
+    | 05.01. |   1.692409 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |   10.0 |           4.0 |       0.539367 | 4.539367 |    1.692409 |   10.0 | 4.539367 |
+    | 06.01. |   1.684067 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    6.0 |           4.0 |       2.096553 | 6.096553 |    1.684067 |    6.0 | 6.096553 |
+    | 07.01. |   1.518626 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    3.0 |           4.0 |       0.914827 | 4.914827 |    1.518626 |    3.0 | 4.914827 |
+    | 08.01. |   1.330456 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    2.0 |           4.0 |       0.177892 | 4.177892 |    1.330456 |    2.0 | 4.177892 |
+    | 09.01. |   1.069369 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    1.0 |           4.0 |       0.021845 | 4.021845 |    1.069369 |    1.0 | 4.021845 |
+    | 10.01. |   0.723659 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           4.0 |       0.001273 | 4.001273 |    0.723659 |    0.0 | 4.001273 |
+    | 11.01. |    0.49691 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |       2.62436 |       0.000043 | 2.624403 |     0.49691 |    0.0 | 2.624403 |
+    | 12.01. |   0.488269 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.1 |       0.000014 | 0.100014 |    0.488269 |    0.0 | 0.100014 |
+    | 13.01. |   0.479628 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.1 |       0.000013 | 0.100013 |    0.479628 |    0.0 | 0.100013 |
+    | 14.01. |   0.470987 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.1 |       0.000012 | 0.100012 |    0.470987 |    0.0 | 0.100012 |
+    | 15.01. |   0.462346 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.1 |       0.000011 | 0.100011 |    0.462346 |    0.0 | 0.100011 |
+    | 16.01. |   0.453705 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.1 |        0.00001 |  0.10001 |    0.453705 |    0.0 |  0.10001 |
+    | 17.01. |   0.445064 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.1 |       0.000009 | 0.100009 |    0.445064 |    0.0 | 0.100009 |
+    | 18.01. |   0.436423 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.1 |       0.000008 | 0.100008 |    0.436423 |    0.0 | 0.100008 |
+    | 19.01. |   0.427783 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.1 |       0.000008 | 0.100008 |    0.427783 |    0.0 | 0.100008 |
+    | 20.01. |   0.419142 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.1 |       0.000007 | 0.100007 |    0.419142 |    0.0 | 0.100007 |
+
+There is no indication of an error in the water balance:
+
+>>> round_(model.check_waterbalance(conditions))
+0.0
+
+.. _dam_lreservoir_higher_accuracy:
+
+higher accuracy
+_______________
+
+The first water volume calculated in the :ref:`sharp transitions example
+<dam_lreservoir_sharp_transitions>` is negative, resulting from the limited numerical
+accuracy of the underlying integration algorithm.  We can decrease such errors by
+defining smaller error tolerances but at the risk of relevant increases in computation
+times (especially in case one applies zero smoothing values):
+
+.. integration-test::
+
+    >>> solver.abserrormax(1e-6)
+    >>> test("dam_lreservoir_higher_accuracy")
+    |   date | waterlevel | precipitation | adjustedprecipitation | potentialevaporation | adjustedevaporation | actualevaporation | inflow | actualrelease | flooddischarge |  outflow | watervolume | input_ |   output |
+    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | 01.01. |        0.0 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |      0.000002 |            0.0 | 0.000002 |         0.0 |    0.0 | 0.000002 |
+    | 02.01. |    0.07776 |          50.0 |                   1.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |      0.099998 |            0.0 | 0.099998 |     0.07776 |    0.0 | 0.099998 |
+    | 03.01. |   0.529676 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    6.0 |      0.769489 |       0.000006 | 0.769495 |    0.529676 |    6.0 | 0.769495 |
+    | 04.01. |   1.220618 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |   12.0 |           4.0 |       0.002983 | 4.002983 |    1.220618 |   12.0 | 4.002983 |
+    | 05.01. |   1.692414 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |   10.0 |           4.0 |       0.539399 | 4.539399 |    1.692414 |   10.0 | 4.539399 |
+    | 06.01. |   1.684067 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    6.0 |           4.0 |       2.096604 | 6.096604 |    1.684067 |    6.0 | 6.096604 |
+    | 07.01. |   1.518685 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    3.0 |           4.0 |       0.914146 | 4.914146 |    1.518685 |    3.0 | 4.914146 |
+    | 08.01. |   1.330507 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    2.0 |           4.0 |       0.177989 | 4.177989 |    1.330507 |    2.0 | 4.177989 |
+    | 09.01. |   1.069419 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    1.0 |           4.0 |       0.021856 | 4.021856 |    1.069419 |    1.0 | 4.021856 |
+    | 10.01. |   0.723709 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           4.0 |       0.001273 | 4.001273 |    0.723709 |    0.0 | 4.001273 |
+    | 11.01. |   0.496812 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |      2.626076 |       0.000042 | 2.626118 |    0.496812 |    0.0 | 2.626118 |
+    | 12.01. |   0.488171 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.1 |       0.000014 | 0.100014 |    0.488171 |    0.0 | 0.100014 |
+    | 13.01. |    0.47953 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.1 |       0.000013 | 0.100013 |     0.47953 |    0.0 | 0.100013 |
+    | 14.01. |   0.470889 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.1 |       0.000012 | 0.100012 |    0.470889 |    0.0 | 0.100012 |
+    | 15.01. |   0.462248 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.1 |       0.000011 | 0.100011 |    0.462248 |    0.0 | 0.100011 |
+    | 16.01. |   0.453607 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.1 |        0.00001 |  0.10001 |    0.453607 |    0.0 |  0.10001 |
+    | 17.01. |   0.444966 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.1 |       0.000009 | 0.100009 |    0.444966 |    0.0 | 0.100009 |
+    | 18.01. |   0.436325 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.1 |       0.000008 | 0.100008 |    0.436325 |    0.0 | 0.100008 |
+    | 19.01. |   0.427685 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.1 |       0.000008 | 0.100008 |    0.427685 |    0.0 | 0.100008 |
+    | 20.01. |   0.419044 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.1 |       0.000007 | 0.100007 |    0.419044 |    0.0 | 0.100007 |
+
+There is no indication of an error in the water balance:
+
+>>> round_(model.check_waterbalance(conditions))
+0.0
+
+.. _dam_lreservoir_target_range:
+
+target range
+____________
+
+In the last example, the reservoir behaviour changes abruptly when the actual volume
+transcends the target volume. According to its documentation, `LARSIM`_ predicts
+unrealistic jumps in discharge in such cases.  To solve this issue, `LARSIM`_ offers
+the "TALSPERRE SOLLRANGE" option, which ensures smoother transitions between 80 % and
+120 % of the target volume, accomplished by linear interpolation.  |dam_lreservoir|
+should never output similar jumps as it controls the correctness of its results.  As a
+drawback, correcting these jumps (which still occur "unseeable" and possibly multiple
+times within each affected simulation time step) costs computation time.  Hence, at
+least for small smoothing parameter values, |dam_lreservoir| can also benefit from this
+approach.  You can define the interpolation range freely via |TargetRangeAbsolute| and
+|TargetRangeRelative|, depending on your specific needs.  Setting the latter to 0.2
+corresponds to the original "TALSPERRE SOLLRANGE"-configuration:
+
+.. integration-test::
+
+    >>> targetrangerelative(0.2)
+    >>> test("dam_lreservoir_target_range")
+    |   date | waterlevel | precipitation | adjustedprecipitation | potentialevaporation | adjustedevaporation | actualevaporation | inflow | actualrelease | flooddischarge |  outflow | watervolume | input_ |   output |
+    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | 01.01. |        0.0 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |      0.000002 |            0.0 | 0.000002 |         0.0 |    0.0 | 0.000002 |
+    | 02.01. |    0.07776 |          50.0 |                   1.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |      0.099998 |            0.0 | 0.099998 |     0.07776 |    0.0 | 0.099998 |
+    | 03.01. |   0.508089 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    6.0 |       1.01934 |       0.000005 | 1.019345 |    0.508089 |    6.0 | 1.019345 |
+    | 04.01. |   1.199081 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |   12.0 |           4.0 |       0.002404 | 4.002404 |    1.199081 |   12.0 | 4.002404 |
+    | 05.01. |   1.678243 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |   10.0 |           4.0 |       0.454147 | 4.454147 |    1.678243 |   10.0 | 4.454147 |
+    | 06.01. |   1.681431 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    6.0 |           4.0 |       1.963095 | 5.963095 |    1.681431 |    6.0 | 5.963095 |
+    | 07.01. |   1.517459 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    3.0 |           4.0 |       0.897827 | 4.897827 |    1.517459 |    3.0 | 4.897827 |
+    | 08.01. |   1.329454 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    2.0 |           4.0 |       0.175985 | 4.175985 |    1.329454 |    2.0 | 4.175985 |
+    | 09.01. |   1.068385 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    1.0 |           4.0 |       0.021629 | 4.021629 |    1.068385 |    1.0 | 4.021629 |
+    | 10.01. |   0.722676 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           4.0 |        0.00126 |  4.00126 |    0.722676 |    0.0 |  4.00126 |
+    | 11.01. |   0.509105 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |      2.471849 |       0.000044 | 2.471893 |    0.509105 |    0.0 | 2.471893 |
+    | 12.01. |   0.495244 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |      0.160404 |       0.000015 |  0.16042 |    0.495244 |    0.0 |  0.16042 |
+    | 13.01. |   0.486603 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.1 |       0.000014 | 0.100014 |    0.486603 |    0.0 | 0.100014 |
+    | 14.01. |   0.477962 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.1 |       0.000013 | 0.100013 |    0.477962 |    0.0 | 0.100013 |
+    | 15.01. |   0.469321 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.1 |       0.000012 | 0.100012 |    0.469321 |    0.0 | 0.100012 |
+    | 16.01. |    0.46068 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.1 |       0.000011 | 0.100011 |     0.46068 |    0.0 | 0.100011 |
+    | 17.01. |   0.452039 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.1 |        0.00001 |  0.10001 |    0.452039 |    0.0 |  0.10001 |
+    | 18.01. |   0.443399 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.1 |       0.000009 | 0.100009 |    0.443399 |    0.0 | 0.100009 |
+    | 19.01. |   0.434758 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.1 |       0.000008 | 0.100008 |    0.434758 |    0.0 | 0.100008 |
+    | 20.01. |   0.426117 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.1 |       0.000008 | 0.100008 |    0.426117 |    0.0 | 0.100008 |
+
+There is no indication of an error in the water balance:
+
+>>> round_(model.check_waterbalance(conditions))
+0.0
+
+minimum volume
+______________
+
+In all the examples above, the dam would run dry entirely after a certain time to
+fulfil the downstream demand defined by parameter |NearDischargeMinimumThreshold|.
+Usually, this is neither desired nor technically possible.  The following example shows
+that the parameter |WaterVolumeMinimumThreshold| allows setting a minimum amount of
+water below which no release occurs:
+
+.. integration-test::
+
+    >>> watervolumeminimumthreshold(0.45)
+    >>> test("dam_lreservoir_minimum_volume")
+    |   date | waterlevel | precipitation | adjustedprecipitation | potentialevaporation | adjustedevaporation | actualevaporation | inflow | actualrelease | flooddischarge |  outflow | watervolume | input_ |   output |
+    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | 01.01. |        0.0 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.0 |            0.0 |      0.0 |         0.0 |    0.0 |      0.0 |
+    | 02.01. |     0.0864 |          50.0 |                   1.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.0 |            0.0 |      0.0 |      0.0864 |    0.0 |      0.0 |
+    | 03.01. |   0.516694 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    6.0 |      1.019739 |       0.000006 | 1.019745 |    0.516694 |    6.0 | 1.019745 |
+    | 04.01. |   1.207668 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |   12.0 |           4.0 |        0.00262 |  4.00262 |    1.207668 |   12.0 |  4.00262 |
+    | 05.01. |   1.684012 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |   10.0 |           4.0 |       0.486752 | 4.486752 |    1.684012 |   10.0 | 4.486752 |
+    | 06.01. |   1.682538 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    6.0 |           4.0 |        2.01706 |  6.01706 |    1.682538 |    6.0 |  6.01706 |
+    | 07.01. |   1.517976 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    3.0 |           4.0 |       0.904657 | 4.904657 |    1.517976 |    3.0 | 4.904657 |
+    | 08.01. |   1.329898 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    2.0 |           4.0 |       0.176827 | 4.176827 |    1.329898 |    2.0 | 4.176827 |
+    | 09.01. |   1.068821 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    1.0 |           4.0 |       0.021725 | 4.021725 |    1.068821 |    1.0 | 4.021725 |
+    | 10.01. |   0.723112 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           4.0 |       0.001265 | 4.001265 |    0.723112 |    0.0 | 4.001265 |
+    | 11.01. |   0.509154 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |      2.476314 |       0.000044 | 2.476358 |    0.509154 |    0.0 | 2.476358 |
+    | 12.01. |   0.495255 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |      0.160853 |       0.000015 | 0.160869 |    0.495255 |    0.0 | 0.160869 |
+    | 13.01. |   0.486614 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.1 |       0.000014 | 0.100014 |    0.486614 |    0.0 | 0.100014 |
+    | 14.01. |   0.477973 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.1 |       0.000013 | 0.100013 |    0.477973 |    0.0 | 0.100013 |
+    | 15.01. |   0.469332 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.1 |       0.000012 | 0.100012 |    0.469332 |    0.0 | 0.100012 |
+    | 16.01. |   0.460691 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.1 |       0.000011 | 0.100011 |    0.460691 |    0.0 | 0.100011 |
+    | 17.01. |    0.45205 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.1 |        0.00001 |  0.10001 |     0.45205 |    0.0 |  0.10001 |
+    | 18.01. |   0.449999 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |      0.023728 |       0.000009 | 0.023737 |    0.449999 |    0.0 | 0.023737 |
+    | 19.01. |   0.449998 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.0 |       0.000009 | 0.000009 |    0.449998 |    0.0 | 0.000009 |
+    | 20.01. |   0.449998 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  0.0 |                 0.0 |               0.0 |    0.0 |           0.0 |       0.000009 | 0.000009 |    0.449998 |    0.0 | 0.000009 |
+
+There is no indication of an error in the water balance:
+
+>>> round_(model.check_waterbalance(conditions))
+0.0
+
+.. _dam_lreservoir_evaporation:
+
+evaporation
+___________
+
+This example takes up the :ref:`evaporation example <dam_llake_evaporation>` of
+application model |dam_llake|.  The reservoir can no longer maintain the target water
+level at the end of the simulation period due to missing precipitation or inflow for
+compensating evaporation:
+
+.. integration-test::
+
+    >>> with model.add_pemodel_v1("evap_ret_io") as pemodel:
+    ...     evapotranspirationfactor(1.0)
+    >>> pemodel.prepare_inputseries()
+    >>> pemodel.sequences.inputs.referenceevapotranspiration.series = 10 * [1.0] + 10 * [5.0]
+    >>> test("dam_lreservoir_evaporation")
+    |   date | waterlevel | precipitation | adjustedprecipitation | potentialevaporation | adjustedevaporation | actualevaporation | inflow | actualrelease | flooddischarge |  outflow | watervolume | input_ |   output |
+    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | 01.01. |  -0.000376 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  1.0 |               0.016 |           0.00435 |    0.0 |           0.0 |            0.0 |      0.0 |   -0.000376 |    0.0 |      0.0 |
+    | 02.01. |   0.084373 |          50.0 |                   1.0 |                  1.0 |              0.0192 |          0.019108 |    0.0 |           0.0 |            0.0 |      0.0 |    0.084373 |    0.0 |      0.0 |
+    | 03.01. |   0.515216 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  1.0 |             0.01984 |           0.01984 |    6.0 |      0.993553 |       0.000006 | 0.993558 |    0.515216 |    6.0 | 0.993558 |
+    | 04.01. |   1.204471 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  1.0 |            0.019968 |          0.019968 |   12.0 |           4.0 |       0.002544 | 4.002544 |    1.204471 |   12.0 | 4.002544 |
+    | 05.01. |   1.680614 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  1.0 |            0.019994 |          0.019994 |   10.0 |           4.0 |       0.469085 | 4.469085 |    1.680614 |   10.0 | 4.469085 |
+    | 06.01. |   1.681045 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  1.0 |            0.019999 |          0.019999 |    6.0 |           4.0 |        1.97502 |  5.97502 |    1.681045 |    6.0 |  5.97502 |
+    | 07.01. |   1.515945 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  1.0 |                0.02 |              0.02 |    3.0 |           4.0 |       0.890873 | 4.890873 |    1.515945 |    3.0 | 4.890873 |
+    | 08.01. |    1.32651 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  1.0 |                0.02 |              0.02 |    2.0 |           4.0 |       0.172536 | 4.172536 |     1.32651 |    2.0 | 4.172536 |
+    | 09.01. |   1.063776 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  1.0 |                0.02 |              0.02 |    1.0 |           4.0 |       0.020899 | 4.020899 |    1.063776 |    1.0 | 4.020899 |
+    | 10.01. |   0.716345 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  1.0 |                0.02 |              0.02 |    0.0 |           4.0 |       0.001198 | 4.001198 |    0.716345 |    0.0 | 4.001198 |
+    | 11.01. |   0.506224 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  5.0 |               0.084 |             0.084 |    0.0 |      2.347909 |       0.000041 | 2.347951 |    0.506224 |    0.0 | 2.347951 |
+    | 12.01. |    0.48705 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  5.0 |              0.0968 |            0.0968 |    0.0 |       0.12511 |       0.000015 | 0.125124 |     0.48705 |    0.0 | 0.125124 |
+    | 13.01. |   0.469824 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  5.0 |             0.09936 |           0.09936 |    0.0 |           0.1 |       0.000012 | 0.100012 |    0.469824 |    0.0 | 0.100012 |
+    | 14.01. |   0.452555 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  5.0 |            0.099872 |          0.099872 |    0.0 |           0.1 |        0.00001 |  0.10001 |    0.452555 |    0.0 |  0.10001 |
+    | 15.01. |   0.442639 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  5.0 |            0.099974 |          0.099974 |    0.0 |      0.014785 |       0.000009 | 0.014794 |    0.442639 |    0.0 | 0.014794 |
+    | 16.01. |   0.433998 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  5.0 |            0.099995 |          0.099995 |    0.0 |           0.0 |       0.000008 | 0.000008 |    0.433998 |    0.0 | 0.000008 |
+    | 17.01. |   0.425358 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  5.0 |            0.099999 |          0.099999 |    0.0 |           0.0 |       0.000008 | 0.000008 |    0.425358 |    0.0 | 0.000008 |
+    | 18.01. |   0.416717 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  5.0 |                 0.1 |               0.1 |    0.0 |           0.0 |       0.000007 | 0.000007 |    0.416717 |    0.0 | 0.000007 |
+    | 19.01. |   0.408077 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  5.0 |                 0.1 |               0.1 |    0.0 |           0.0 |       0.000006 | 0.000006 |    0.408077 |    0.0 | 0.000006 |
+    | 20.01. |   0.399436 |           0.0 |                   0.0 |                  5.0 |                 0.1 |               0.1 |    0.0 |           0.0 |       0.000006 | 0.000006 |    0.399436 |    0.0 | 0.000006 |
+
+There is no indication of an error in the water balance:
+
+>>> round_(model.check_waterbalance(conditions))
+0.0
+"""
+# import...
+# ...from HydPy
+import hydpy
+from hydpy.auxs.anntools import ANN  # pylint: disable=unused-import
+from hydpy.auxs.ppolytools import Poly, PPoly  # pylint: disable=unused-import
+from hydpy.core import modeltools
+from hydpy.core.typingtools import *
+from hydpy.interfaces import petinterfaces
+from hydpy.interfaces import precipinterfaces
+from hydpy.exe.modelimports import *
+
+# ...from dam
+from hydpy.models.dam import dam_model
+from hydpy.models.dam import dam_solver
+
+
+class Model(dam_model.Main_PrecipModel_V2, dam_model.Main_PEModel_V1):
+    """|dam_lreservoir.DOCNAME.complete|."""
+
+    DOCNAME = modeltools.DocName(
+        short="Dam-L-Res", description="reservoir model adopted from LARSIM"
+    )
+    __HYDPY_ROOTMODEL__ = True
+
+    SOLVERPARAMETERS = (
+        dam_solver.AbsErrorMax,
+        dam_solver.RelErrorMax,
+        dam_solver.RelDTMin,
+        dam_solver.RelDTMax,
+    )
+    SOLVERSEQUENCES = ()
+    INLET_METHODS = (
+        dam_model.Calc_Precipitation_V1,
+        dam_model.Calc_PotentialEvaporation_V1,
+        dam_model.Calc_AdjustedEvaporation_V1,
+    )
+    RECEIVER_METHODS = ()
+    ADD_METHODS = ()
+    PART_ODE_METHODS = (
+        dam_model.Calc_AdjustedPrecipitation_V1,
+        dam_model.Pic_Inflow_V1,
+        dam_model.Calc_WaterLevel_V1,
+        dam_model.Calc_ActualEvaporation_V1,
+        dam_model.Calc_SurfaceArea_V1,
+        dam_model.Calc_AllowedDischarge_V2,
+        dam_model.Calc_ActualRelease_V3,
+        dam_model.Calc_FloodDischarge_V1,
+        dam_model.Calc_Outflow_V1,
+    )
+    FULL_ODE_METHODS = (dam_model.Update_WaterVolume_V1,)
+    OUTLET_METHODS = (dam_model.Calc_WaterLevel_V1, dam_model.Pass_Outflow_V1)
+    SENDER_METHODS = ()
+    SUBMODELINTERFACES = (precipinterfaces.PrecipModel_V2, petinterfaces.PETModel_V1)
+    SUBMODELS = ()
+
+    precipmodel = modeltools.SubmodelProperty(
+        precipinterfaces.PrecipModel_V2, optional=True
+    )
+    pemodel = modeltools.SubmodelProperty(petinterfaces.PETModel_V1, optional=True)
+
+    def check_waterbalance(self, initial_conditions: ConditionsModel) -> float:
+        r"""Determine the water balance error of the previous simulation run in million
+        m³.
+
+        Method |Model.check_waterbalance| calculates the balance error as follows:
+
+        :math:`Seconds \cdot 10^{-6} \cdot \sum_{t=t0}^{t1}
+        \big( AdjustedPrecipitation_t - ActualEvaporation_t + Inflow_t - Outflow_t \big)
+        + \big( WaterVolume_{t0}^k - WaterVolume_{t1}^k \big)`
+
+        The returned error should always be in scale with numerical precision so
+        that it does not affect the simulation results in any relevant manner.
+
+        Pick the required initial conditions before starting the simulation run via
+        property |Sequences.conditions|.  See the integration tests of the application
+        model |dam_lreservoir| for some examples.
+        """
+        fluxes = self.sequences.fluxes
+        first = initial_conditions["model"]["states"]
+        last = self.sequences.states
+        return (hydpy.pub.timegrids.stepsize.seconds / 1e6) * (
+            sum(fluxes.adjustedprecipitation.series)
+            - sum(fluxes.actualevaporation.series)
+            + sum(fluxes.inflow.series)
+            - sum(fluxes.outflow.series)
+        ) - (last.watervolume - first["watervolume"])
+
+
+tester = Tester()
+cythonizer = Cythonizer()