Cython 3.1.0__py3-none-any.whl

Cython/Compiler/Options.py

@@ -0,0 +1,835 @@
+#
+#  Cython - Compilation-wide options and pragma declarations
+#
+
+
+import os
+
+from .. import Utils
+
+
+class ShouldBeFromDirective:
+
+    known_directives = []
+
+    def __init__(self, options_name, directive_name=None, disallow=False):
+        self.options_name = options_name
+        self.directive_name = directive_name or options_name
+        self.disallow = disallow
+        self.known_directives.append(self)
+
+    def __nonzero__(self):
+        self._bad_access()
+
+    def __int__(self):
+        self._bad_access()
+
+    def _bad_access(self):
+        raise RuntimeError(repr(self))
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "Illegal access of '%s' from Options module rather than directive '%s'" % (
+            self.options_name, self.directive_name)
+
+
+"""
+The members of this module are documented using autodata in
+Cython/docs/src/reference/compilation.rst.
+See https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/extensions/autodoc.html#directive-autoattribute
+for how autodata works.
+Descriptions of those members should start with a #:
+Donc forget to keep the docs in sync by removing and adding
+the members in both this file and the .rst file.
+"""
+
+#: Whether or not to include docstring in the Python extension. If False, the binary size
+#: will be smaller, but the ``__doc__`` attribute of any class or function will be an
+#: empty string.
+docstrings = True
+
+#: Embed the source code position in the docstrings of functions and classes.
+embed_pos_in_docstring = False
+
+# undocumented
+pre_import = None
+
+#: Decref global variables in each module on exit for garbage collection.
+#: 0: None, 1+: interned objects, 2+: cdef globals, 3+: types objects
+#: Mostly for reducing noise in Valgrind as it typically executes at process exit
+#: (when all memory will be reclaimed anyways).
+#: Note that directly or indirectly executed cleanup code that makes use of global
+#: variables or types may no longer be safe when enabling the respective level since
+#: there is no guaranteed order in which the (reference counted) objects will
+#: be cleaned up.  The order can change due to live references and reference cycles.
+generate_cleanup_code = False
+
+#: Should tp_clear() set object fields to None instead of clearing them to NULL?
+clear_to_none = True
+
+#: Generate an annotated HTML version of the input source files for debugging and optimisation purposes.
+#: This has the same effect as the ``annotate`` argument in :func:`cythonize`.
+annotate = False
+
+# When annotating source files in HTML, include coverage information from
+# this file.
+annotate_coverage_xml = None
+
+#: This will abort the compilation on the first error occurred rather than trying
+#: to keep going and printing further error messages.
+fast_fail = False
+
+#: Turn all warnings into errors.
+warning_errors = False
+
+#: Make unknown names an error.  Python raises a NameError when
+#: encountering unknown names at runtime, whereas this option makes
+#: them a compile time error.  If you want full Python compatibility,
+#: you should disable this option and also 'cache_builtins'.
+error_on_unknown_names = True
+
+#: Make uninitialized local variable reference a compile time error.
+#: Python raises UnboundLocalError at runtime, whereas this option makes
+#: them a compile time error. Note that this option affects only variables
+#: of "python object" type.
+error_on_uninitialized = True
+
+#: This will convert statements of the form ``for i in range(...)``
+#: to ``for i from ...`` when ``i`` is a C integer type, and the direction
+#: (i.e. sign of step) can be determined.
+#: WARNING: This may change the semantics if the range causes assignment to
+#: i to overflow. Specifically, if this option is set, an error will be
+#: raised before the loop is entered, whereas without this option the loop
+#: will execute until an overflowing value is encountered.
+convert_range = True
+
+#: Perform lookups on builtin names only once, at module initialisation
+#: time.  This will prevent the module from getting imported if a
+#: builtin name that it uses cannot be found during initialisation.
+#: Default is True.
+#: Note that some legacy builtins are automatically remapped
+#: from their Python 2 names to their Python 3 names by Cython
+#: when building in Python 3.x,
+#: so that they do not get in the way even if this option is enabled.
+cache_builtins = True
+
+#: Generate branch prediction hints to speed up error handling etc.
+gcc_branch_hints = True
+
+#: Enable this to allow one to write ``your_module.foo = ...`` to overwrite the
+#: definition if the cpdef function foo, at the cost of an extra dictionary
+#: lookup on every call.
+#: If this is false it generates only the Python wrapper and no override check.
+lookup_module_cpdef = False
+
+#: Whether or not to embed the Python interpreter, for use in making a
+#: standalone executable or calling from external libraries.
+#: This will provide a C function which initialises the interpreter and
+#: executes the body of this module.
+#: See `this demo <https://github.com/cython/cython/tree/master/Demos/embed>`_
+#: for a concrete example.
+#: If true, the initialisation function is the C main() function, but
+#: this option can also be set to a non-empty string to provide a function name explicitly.
+#: Default is False.
+embed = None
+
+# In previous iterations of Cython, globals() gave the first non-Cython module
+# globals in the call stack.  Sage relies on this behavior for variable injection.
+old_style_globals = ShouldBeFromDirective('old_style_globals')
+
+#: Allows cimporting from a pyx file without a pxd file.
+cimport_from_pyx = False
+
+#: Maximum number of dimensions for buffers -- set lower than number of
+#: dimensions in numpy, as
+#: slices are passed by value and involve a lot of copying.
+buffer_max_dims = 8
+
+#: Number of function closure instances to keep in a freelist (0: no freelists)
+closure_freelist_size = 8
+
+
+def get_directive_defaults():
+    # To add an item to this list, all accesses should be changed to use the new
+    # directive, and the global option itself should be set to an instance of
+    # ShouldBeFromDirective.
+    for old_option in ShouldBeFromDirective.known_directives:
+        value = globals().get(old_option.options_name)
+        assert old_option.directive_name in _directive_defaults
+        if not isinstance(value, ShouldBeFromDirective):
+            if old_option.disallow:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    "Option '%s' must be set from directive '%s'" % (
+                    old_option.option_name, old_option.directive_name))
+            else:
+                # Warn?
+                _directive_defaults[old_option.directive_name] = value
+    return _directive_defaults
+
+def copy_inherited_directives(outer_directives, **new_directives):
+    # A few directives are not copied downwards and this function removes them.
+    # For example, test_assert_path_exists and test_fail_if_path_exists should not be inherited
+    #  otherwise they can produce very misleading test failures
+    new_directives_out = dict(outer_directives)
+    for name in ('test_assert_path_exists', 'test_fail_if_path_exists', 'test_assert_c_code_has', 'test_fail_if_c_code_has',
+                 'critical_section'):
+        new_directives_out.pop(name, None)
+    new_directives_out.update(new_directives)
+    return new_directives_out
+
+
+def copy_for_internal(outer_directives):
+    # Reset some directives that users should not control for internal code.
+    return copy_inherited_directives(
+        outer_directives,
+        binding=False,
+        profile=False,
+        linetrace=False,
+    )
+
+
+# Declare compiler directives
+_directive_defaults = {
+    'binding': True,  # was False before 3.0
+    'boundscheck' : True,
+    'nonecheck' : False,
+    'initializedcheck' : True,
+    'freethreading_compatible': False,
+    'subinterpreters_compatible': 'no',
+    'embedsignature': False,
+    'embedsignature.format': 'c',
+    'auto_cpdef': False,
+    'auto_pickle': None,
+    'cdivision': False,  # was True before 0.12
+    'cdivision_warnings': False,
+    'cpow': None,  # was True before 3.0
+    # None (not set by user) is treated as slightly different from False
+    'c_api_binop_methods': False,  # was True before 3.0
+    'overflowcheck': False,
+    'overflowcheck.fold': True,
+    'always_allow_keywords': True,
+    'allow_none_for_extension_args': True,
+    'wraparound' : True,
+    'ccomplex' : False,  # use C99/C++ for complex types and arith
+    'callspec' : "",
+    'nogil' : False,
+    'gil' : False,
+    'with_gil' : False,
+    'profile': False,
+    'linetrace': False,
+    'emit_code_comments': True,  # copy original source code into C code comments
+    'annotation_typing': True,  # read type declarations from Python function annotations
+    'infer_types': None,
+    'infer_types.verbose': False,
+    'autotestdict': True,
+    'autotestdict.cdef': False,
+    'autotestdict.all': False,
+    'language_level': None,
+    'fast_getattr': False,  # Undocumented until we come up with a better way to handle this everywhere.
+    'py2_import': False,  # For backward compatibility of Cython's source code in Py3 source mode
+    'preliminary_late_includes_cy28': False,  # Temporary directive in 0.28, to be removed in a later version (see GH#2079).
+    'iterable_coroutine': False,  # Make async coroutines backwards compatible with the old asyncio yield-from syntax.
+    'c_string_type': 'bytes',
+    'c_string_encoding': '',
+    'type_version_tag': True,  # enables Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VERSION_TAG on extension types
+    'unraisable_tracebacks': True,
+    'old_style_globals': False,
+    'np_pythran': False,
+    'fast_gil': False,
+    'cpp_locals': False,  # uses std::optional for C++ locals, so that they work more like Python locals
+    'legacy_implicit_noexcept': False,
+    'c_compile_guard': '',
+
+    # set __file__ and/or __path__ to known source/target path at import time (instead of not having them available)
+    'set_initial_path' : None,  # SOURCEFILE or "/full/path/to/module"
+
+    'warn': None,
+    'warn.undeclared': False,
+    'warn.unreachable': True,
+    'warn.maybe_uninitialized': False,
+    'warn.unused': False,
+    'warn.unused_arg': False,
+    'warn.unused_result': False,
+    'warn.multiple_declarators': True,
+    'warn.deprecated.DEF': False,
+    'warn.deprecated.IF': True,
+    'show_performance_hints': True,
+
+# optimizations
+    'optimize.inline_defnode_calls': True,
+    'optimize.unpack_method_calls': True,  # increases code size when True
+    'optimize.unpack_method_calls_in_pyinit': False,  # uselessly increases code size when True
+    'optimize.use_switch': True,
+
+# remove unreachable code
+    'remove_unreachable': True,
+
+# control flow debug directives
+    'control_flow.dot_output': "",  # Graphviz output filename
+    'control_flow.dot_annotate_defs': False,  # Annotate definitions
+
+# test support
+    'test_assert_path_exists' : [],
+    'test_fail_if_path_exists' : [],
+    'test_assert_c_code_has' : [],
+    'test_fail_if_c_code_has' : [],
+
+# experimental, subject to change
+    'formal_grammar': False,
+}
+
+# Extra warning directives
+extra_warnings = {
+    'warn.maybe_uninitialized': True,
+    'warn.unreachable': True,
+    'warn.unused': True,
+}
+
+def one_of(*args, map=None):
+    def validate(name, value):
+        if map is not None:
+            value = map.get(value, value)
+        if value not in args:
+            raise ValueError("%s directive must be one of %s, got '%s'" % (
+                name, args, value))
+        return value
+    return validate
+
+
+_normalise_common_encoding_name = {
+    'utf8': 'utf8',
+    'utf-8': 'utf8',
+    'default': 'utf8',
+    'ascii': 'ascii',
+    'us-ascii': 'ascii',
+}.get
+
+
+def normalise_encoding_name(option_name, encoding):
+    """
+    >>> normalise_encoding_name('c_string_encoding', 'ascii')
+    'ascii'
+    >>> normalise_encoding_name('c_string_encoding', 'AsCIi')
+    'ascii'
+    >>> normalise_encoding_name('c_string_encoding', 'us-ascii')
+    'ascii'
+    >>> normalise_encoding_name('c_string_encoding', 'utF8')
+    'utf8'
+    >>> normalise_encoding_name('c_string_encoding', 'utF-8')
+    'utf8'
+    >>> normalise_encoding_name('c_string_encoding', 'deFAuLT')
+    'utf8'
+    >>> normalise_encoding_name('c_string_encoding', 'default')
+    'utf8'
+    >>> normalise_encoding_name('c_string_encoding', 'SeriousLyNoSuch--Encoding')
+    'SeriousLyNoSuch--Encoding'
+    """
+    if not encoding:
+        return ''
+    encoding_name = _normalise_common_encoding_name(encoding.lower())
+    if encoding_name is not None:
+        return encoding_name
+
+    import codecs
+    try:
+        decoder = codecs.getdecoder(encoding)
+    except LookupError:
+        return encoding  # may exists at runtime ...
+    for name in ('ascii', 'utf8'):
+        if codecs.getdecoder(name) == decoder:
+            return name
+    return encoding
+
+# use as a sential value to defer analysis of the arguments
+# instead of analysing them in InterpretCompilerDirectives. The dataclass directives are quite
+# complicated and it's easier to deal with them at the point the dataclass is created
+class DEFER_ANALYSIS_OF_ARGUMENTS:
+    pass
+DEFER_ANALYSIS_OF_ARGUMENTS = DEFER_ANALYSIS_OF_ARGUMENTS()
+
+# Override types possibilities above, if needed
+directive_types = {
+    'language_level': str,  # values can be None/2/3/'3str', where None == 2+warning
+    'auto_pickle': bool,
+    'locals': dict,
+    'final' : bool,  # final cdef classes and methods
+    'collection_type': one_of('sequence'),
+    'nogil' : DEFER_ANALYSIS_OF_ARGUMENTS,
+    'gil' : DEFER_ANALYSIS_OF_ARGUMENTS,
+    'critical_section' : DEFER_ANALYSIS_OF_ARGUMENTS,
+    'with_gil' : None,
+    'internal' : bool,  # cdef class visibility in the module dict
+    'infer_types' : bool,  # values can be True/None/False
+    'binding' : bool,
+    'cfunc' : None,  # decorators do not take directive value
+    'ccall' : None,
+    'ufunc': None,
+    'cpow' : bool,
+    'inline' : None,
+    'staticmethod' : None,
+    'cclass' : None,
+    'no_gc_clear' : bool,
+    'no_gc' : bool,
+    'returns' : type,
+    'exceptval': type,  # actually (type, check=True/False), but has its own parser
+    'set_initial_path': str,
+    'freelist': int,
+    'c_string_type': one_of('bytes', 'bytearray', 'str', 'unicode', map={'unicode': 'str'}),
+    'c_string_encoding': normalise_encoding_name,
+    'trashcan': bool,
+    'total_ordering': None,
+    'dataclasses.dataclass': DEFER_ANALYSIS_OF_ARGUMENTS,
+    'dataclasses.field': DEFER_ANALYSIS_OF_ARGUMENTS,
+    'embedsignature.format': one_of('c', 'clinic', 'python'),
+    'subinterpreters_compatible': one_of('no', 'shared_gil', 'own_gil'),
+}
+
+for key, val in _directive_defaults.items():
+    if key not in directive_types:
+        directive_types[key] = type(val)
+
+directive_scopes = {  # defaults to available everywhere
+    # 'module', 'function', 'class', 'with statement'
+    'auto_pickle': ('module', 'cclass'),
+    'final' : ('cclass', 'function'),
+    'ccomplex' : ('module',),
+    'collection_type': ('cclass',),
+    'nogil' : ('function', 'with statement'),
+    'gil' : ('with statement'),
+    'with_gil' : ('function',),
+    'critical_section': ('function', 'with statement'),
+    'inline' : ('function',),
+    'cfunc' : ('function', 'with statement'),
+    'ccall' : ('function', 'with statement'),
+    'returns' : ('function',),
+    'exceptval' : ('function',),
+    'locals' : ('function',),
+    'staticmethod' : ('function',),  # FIXME: analysis currently lacks more specific function scope
+    'no_gc_clear' : ('cclass',),
+    'no_gc' : ('cclass',),
+    'internal' : ('cclass',),
+    'cclass' : ('class', 'cclass', 'with statement'),
+    'autotestdict' : ('module',),
+    'autotestdict.all' : ('module',),
+    'autotestdict.cdef' : ('module',),
+    'set_initial_path' : ('module',),
+    'test_assert_path_exists' : ('function', 'class', 'cclass'),
+    'test_fail_if_path_exists' : ('function', 'class', 'cclass'),
+    'test_assert_c_code_has' : ('module',),
+    'test_fail_if_c_code_has' : ('module',),
+    'freelist': ('cclass',),
+    'formal_grammar': ('module',),
+    'emit_code_comments': ('module',),
+    # Avoid scope-specific to/from_py_functions for c_string.
+    'c_string_type': ('module',),
+    'c_string_encoding': ('module',),
+    'type_version_tag': ('module', 'cclass'),
+    'language_level': ('module',),
+    # globals() could conceivably be controlled at a finer granularity,
+    # but that would complicate the implementation
+    'old_style_globals': ('module',),
+    'np_pythran': ('module',),
+    'preliminary_late_includes_cy28': ('module',),
+    'fast_gil': ('module',),
+    'iterable_coroutine': ('module', 'function'),
+    'trashcan' : ('cclass',),
+    'total_ordering': ('class', 'cclass'),
+    'dataclasses.dataclass' : ('class', 'cclass'),
+    'cpp_locals': ('module', 'function', 'cclass'),  # I don't think they make sense in a with_statement
+    'ufunc': ('function',),
+    'legacy_implicit_noexcept': ('module', ),
+    'c_compile_guard': ('function',),  # actually C function but this is enforced later
+    'control_flow.dot_output': ('module',),
+    'control_flow.dot_annotate_defs': ('module',),
+    'freethreading_compatible': ('module',),
+    'subinterpreters_compatible': ('module',),
+}
+
+
+# A list of directives that (when used as a decorator) are only applied to
+# the object they decorate and not to its children.
+immediate_decorator_directives = {
+    'cfunc', 'ccall', 'cclass', 'dataclasses.dataclass', 'ufunc',
+    # function signature directives
+    'inline', 'exceptval', 'returns', 'with_gil',  # 'nogil',
+    # class directives
+    'freelist', 'no_gc', 'no_gc_clear', 'type_version_tag', 'final',
+    'auto_pickle', 'internal', 'collection_type', 'total_ordering',
+    # testing directives
+    'test_fail_if_path_exists', 'test_assert_path_exists',
+}
+
+
+def parse_directive_value(name, value, relaxed_bool=False):
+    """
+    Parses value as an option value for the given name and returns
+    the interpreted value. None is returned if the option does not exist.
+
+    >>> print(parse_directive_value('nonexisting', 'asdf asdfd'))
+    None
+    >>> parse_directive_value('boundscheck', 'True')
+    True
+    >>> parse_directive_value('boundscheck', 'true')
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+       ...
+    ValueError: boundscheck directive must be set to True or False, got 'true'
+
+    >>> parse_directive_value('c_string_encoding', 'us-ascii')
+    'ascii'
+    >>> parse_directive_value('c_string_type', 'str')
+    'str'
+    >>> parse_directive_value('c_string_type', 'bytes')
+    'bytes'
+    >>> parse_directive_value('c_string_type', 'bytearray')
+    'bytearray'
+    >>> parse_directive_value('c_string_type', 'unicode')
+    'str'
+    >>> parse_directive_value('c_string_type', 'unnicode')
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+    ValueError: c_string_type directive must be one of ('bytes', 'bytearray', 'str', 'unicode'), got 'unnicode'
+    """
+    type = directive_types.get(name)
+    if not type:
+        return None
+    orig_value = value
+    if type is bool:
+        value = str(value)
+        if value == 'True':
+            return True
+        if value == 'False':
+            return False
+        if relaxed_bool:
+            value = value.lower()
+            if value in ("true", "yes"):
+                return True
+            elif value in ("false", "no"):
+                return False
+        raise ValueError("%s directive must be set to True or False, got '%s'" % (
+            name, orig_value))
+    elif type is int:
+        try:
+            return int(value)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise ValueError("%s directive must be set to an integer, got '%s'" % (
+                name, orig_value))
+    elif type is str:
+        return str(value)
+    elif callable(type):
+        return type(name, value)
+    else:
+        assert False
+
+
+def parse_directive_list(s, relaxed_bool=False, ignore_unknown=False,
+                         current_settings=None):
+    """
+    Parses a comma-separated list of pragma options. Whitespace
+    is not considered.
+
+    >>> parse_directive_list('      ')
+    {}
+    >>> (parse_directive_list('boundscheck=True') ==
+    ... {'boundscheck': True})
+    True
+    >>> parse_directive_list('  asdf')
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+       ...
+    ValueError: Expected "=" in option "asdf"
+    >>> parse_directive_list('boundscheck=hey')
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+       ...
+    ValueError: boundscheck directive must be set to True or False, got 'hey'
+    >>> parse_directive_list('unknown=True')
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+       ...
+    ValueError: Unknown option: "unknown"
+    >>> warnings = parse_directive_list('warn.all=True')
+    >>> len(warnings) > 1
+    True
+    >>> sum(warnings.values()) == len(warnings)  # all true.
+    True
+    """
+    if current_settings is None:
+        result = {}
+    else:
+        result = current_settings
+    for item in s.split(','):
+        item = item.strip()
+        if not item:
+            continue
+        if '=' not in item:
+            raise ValueError('Expected "=" in option "%s"' % item)
+        name, value = [s.strip() for s in item.strip().split('=', 1)]
+        if name not in _directive_defaults:
+            found = False
+            if name.endswith('.all'):
+                prefix = name[:-3]
+                for directive in _directive_defaults:
+                    if directive.startswith(prefix):
+                        found = True
+                        parsed_value = parse_directive_value(directive, value, relaxed_bool=relaxed_bool)
+                        result[directive] = parsed_value
+            if not found and not ignore_unknown:
+                raise ValueError('Unknown option: "%s"' % name)
+        elif directive_types.get(name) is list:
+            if name in result:
+                result[name].append(value)
+            else:
+                result[name] = [value]
+        else:
+            parsed_value = parse_directive_value(name, value, relaxed_bool=relaxed_bool)
+            result[name] = parsed_value
+    return result
+
+
+def parse_variable_value(value):
+    """
+    Parses value as an option value for the given name and returns
+    the interpreted value.
+
+    >>> parse_variable_value('True')
+    True
+    >>> parse_variable_value('true')
+    'true'
+    >>> parse_variable_value('us-ascii')
+    'us-ascii'
+    >>> parse_variable_value('str')
+    'str'
+    >>> parse_variable_value('123')
+    123
+    >>> parse_variable_value('1.23')
+    1.23
+
+    """
+    if value == "True":
+        return True
+    elif value == "False":
+        return False
+    elif value == "None":
+        return None
+    elif value.isdigit():
+        return int(value)
+    else:
+        try:
+            value = float(value)
+        except Exception:
+            # Not a float
+            pass
+        return value
+
+
+def parse_compile_time_env(s, current_settings=None):
+    """
+    Parses a comma-separated list of pragma options. Whitespace
+    is not considered.
+
+    >>> parse_compile_time_env('      ')
+    {}
+    >>> (parse_compile_time_env('HAVE_OPENMP=True') ==
+    ... {'HAVE_OPENMP': True})
+    True
+    >>> parse_compile_time_env('  asdf')
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+       ...
+    ValueError: Expected "=" in option "asdf"
+    >>> parse_compile_time_env('NUM_THREADS=4') == {'NUM_THREADS': 4}
+    True
+    >>> parse_compile_time_env('unknown=anything') == {'unknown': 'anything'}
+    True
+    """
+    if current_settings is None:
+        result = {}
+    else:
+        result = current_settings
+    for item in s.split(','):
+        item = item.strip()
+        if not item:
+            continue
+        if '=' not in item:
+            raise ValueError('Expected "=" in option "%s"' % item)
+        name, value = [s.strip() for s in item.split('=', 1)]
+        result[name] = parse_variable_value(value)
+    return result
+
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# CompilationOptions are constructed from user input and are the `option`
+#  object passed throughout the compilation pipeline.
+
+class CompilationOptions:
+    r"""
+    See default_options at the end of this module for a list of all possible
+    options and CmdLine.usage and CmdLine.parse_command_line() for their
+    meaning.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, defaults=None, **kw):
+        self.include_path = []
+        if defaults:
+            if isinstance(defaults, CompilationOptions):
+                defaults = defaults.__dict__
+        else:
+            defaults = default_options
+
+        options = dict(defaults)
+        options.update(kw)
+
+        # let's assume 'default_options' contains a value for most known compiler options
+        # and validate against them
+        unknown_options = set(options) - set(default_options)
+        # ignore valid options that are not in the defaults
+        unknown_options.difference_update(['include_path'])
+        if unknown_options:
+            message = "got unknown compilation option%s, please remove: %s" % (
+                's' if len(unknown_options) > 1 else '',
+                ', '.join(unknown_options))
+            raise ValueError(message)
+
+        directive_defaults = get_directive_defaults()
+        directives = dict(options['compiler_directives'])  # copy mutable field
+        # check for invalid directives
+        unknown_directives = set(directives) - set(directive_defaults)
+        if unknown_directives:
+            message = "got unknown compiler directive%s: %s" % (
+                's' if len(unknown_directives) > 1 else '',
+                ', '.join(unknown_directives))
+            raise ValueError(message)
+        options['compiler_directives'] = directives
+        if directives.get('np_pythran', False) and not options['cplus']:
+            import warnings
+            warnings.warn("C++ mode forced when in Pythran mode!")
+            options['cplus'] = True
+        if 'language_level' not in kw and directives.get('language_level'):
+            options['language_level'] = directives['language_level']
+        elif not options.get('language_level'):
+            options['language_level'] = directive_defaults.get('language_level')
+        if 'formal_grammar' in directives and 'formal_grammar' not in kw:
+            options['formal_grammar'] = directives['formal_grammar']
+
+        self.__dict__.update(options)
+
+    def configure_language_defaults(self, source_extension):
+        if source_extension == 'py':
+            if self.compiler_directives.get('binding') is None:
+                self.compiler_directives['binding'] = True
+
+    def get_fingerprint(self):
+        r"""
+        Return a string that contains all the options that are relevant for cache invalidation.
+        """
+        # Collect only the data that can affect the generated file(s).
+        data = {}
+
+        for key, value in self.__dict__.items():
+            if key in ['show_version', 'errors_to_stderr', 'verbose', 'quiet']:
+                # verbosity flags have no influence on the compilation result
+                continue
+            elif key in ['output_file', 'output_dir']:
+                # ignore the exact name of the output file
+                continue
+            elif key in ['depfile']:
+                # external build system dependency tracking file does not influence outputs
+                continue
+            elif key in ['timestamps']:
+                # the cache cares about the content of files, not about the timestamps of sources
+                continue
+            elif key in ['cache']:
+                # hopefully caching has no influence on the compilation result
+                continue
+            elif key in ['compiler_directives']:
+                # directives passed on to the C compiler do not influence the generated C code
+                continue
+            elif key in ['include_path']:
+                # this path changes which headers are tracked as dependencies,
+                # it has no influence on the generated C code
+                continue
+            elif key in ['working_path']:
+                # this path changes where modules and pxd files are found;
+                # their content is part of the fingerprint anyway, their
+                # absolute path does not matter
+                continue
+            elif key in ['create_extension']:
+                # create_extension() has already mangled the options, e.g.,
+                # embedded_metadata, when the fingerprint is computed so we
+                # ignore it here.
+                continue
+            elif key in ['build_dir']:
+                # the (temporary) directory where we collect dependencies
+                # has no influence on the C output
+                continue
+            elif key in ['use_listing_file', 'generate_pxi', 'annotate', 'annotate_coverage_xml']:
+                # all output files are contained in the cache so the types of
+                # files generated must be part of the fingerprint
+                data[key] = value
+            elif key in ['formal_grammar', 'evaluate_tree_assertions']:
+                # these bits can change whether compilation to C passes/fails
+                data[key] = value
+            elif key in ['embedded_metadata', 'emit_linenums',
+                         'c_line_in_traceback', 'gdb_debug',
+                         'relative_path_in_code_position_comments']:
+                # the generated code contains additional bits when these are set
+                data[key] = value
+            elif key in ['cplus', 'language_level', 'compile_time_env', 'np_pythran']:
+                # assorted bits that, e.g., influence the parser
+                data[key] = value
+            elif key in ['capi_reexport_cincludes', 'common_utility_include_dir']:
+                if value:
+                    # our caching implementation does not yet include fingerprints of all the header files
+                    raise NotImplementedError(f'{key} is not compatible with Cython caching')
+            else:
+                # any unexpected option should go into the fingerprint; it's better
+                # to recompile than to return incorrect results from the cache.
+                data[key] = value
+
+        def to_fingerprint(item):
+            r"""
+            Recursively turn item into a string, turning dicts into lists with
+            deterministic ordering.
+            """
+            if isinstance(item, dict):
+                item = sorted([(repr(key), to_fingerprint(value)) for key, value in item.items()])
+            return repr(item)
+
+        return to_fingerprint(data)
+
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#
+#  Set the default options depending on the platform
+#
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+default_options = dict(
+    show_version=0,
+    use_listing_file=0,
+    errors_to_stderr=1,
+    cplus=0,
+    output_file=None,
+    depfile=None,
+    annotate=None,
+    annotate_coverage_xml=None,
+    generate_pxi=0,
+    capi_reexport_cincludes=0,
+    working_path="",
+    timestamps=None,
+    verbose=0,
+    quiet=0,
+    compiler_directives={},
+    embedded_metadata={},
+    evaluate_tree_assertions=False,
+    emit_linenums=False,
+    relative_path_in_code_position_comments=True,
+    c_line_in_traceback=None,
+    language_level=None,  # warn but default to 2
+    formal_grammar=False,
+    gdb_debug=False,
+    compile_time_env=None,
+    module_name=None,
+    common_utility_include_dir=None,
+    output_dir=None,
+    build_dir=None,
+    cache=None,
+    create_extension=None,
+    np_pythran=False,
+    legacy_implicit_noexcept=None,
+    shared_c_file_path=None,
+    shared_utility_qualified_name = None,
+)