opencode-skills-collection 4.0.67 → 4.0.69

package/bundled-skills/firewall-config/SKILL.md

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+---
+name: firewall-config
+description: Configure iptables, nftables, and cloud firewalls. Implement network
+  segmentation and traffic filtering. Use when securing network perimeters or implementing
+  security zones.
+category: security
+risk: critical
+source: https://github.com/BagelHole/DevOps-Security-Agent-Skills
+source_repo: BagelHole/DevOps-Security-Agent-Skills
+source_type: community
+date_added: '2026-09-20'
+license: MIT
+license_source: https://github.com/BagelHole/DevOps-Security-Agent-Skills/blob/main/LICENSE
+compatibility: Requires the relevant security tooling (scanners, vault CLIs) and an
+  authorized scope for any active assessment. Docs-only; helper scripts and templates
+  not bundled.
+metadata:
+  author: devops-skills
+  version: '1.0'
+---
+
+# Firewall Configuration
+
+Configure host-based and cloud firewalls for network security.
+
+## When to Use This Skill
+
+Use this skill when:
+- Setting up a new server and need to restrict network access
+- Implementing network segmentation between application tiers
+- Configuring cloud security groups for AWS, GCP, or Azure resources
+- Migrating from iptables to nftables
+- Auditing existing firewall rules for compliance
+- Responding to a security incident requiring emergency network blocks
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+- Root or sudo access on Linux hosts
+- AWS CLI configured for cloud security groups
+- Understanding of TCP/IP, ports, and protocols
+- Network diagram showing required traffic flows
+
+## iptables
+
+### Basic Setup with Default Deny
+
+```bash
+# Flush existing rules
+iptables -F
+iptables -X
+iptables -t nat -F
+iptables -t mangle -F
+
+# Default policies - deny all inbound, allow outbound
+iptables -P INPUT DROP
+iptables -P FORWARD DROP
+iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT
+
+# Allow established connections
+iptables -A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
+
+# Allow loopback
+iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
+
+# Drop invalid packets
+iptables -A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP
+
+# Allow SSH (restrict to management subnet)
+iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -s 10.0.100.0/24 -j ACCEPT
+
+# Allow HTTP/HTTPS from anywhere
+iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m multiport --dports 80,443 -j ACCEPT
+
+# Allow ICMP (ping) with rate limiting
+iptables -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -m limit --limit 1/s --limit-burst 4 -j ACCEPT
+
+# Log dropped packets (rate limited to avoid log flooding)
+iptables -A INPUT -m limit --limit 5/min -j LOG --log-prefix "IPTABLES-DROP: " --log-level 4
+
+# Save rules (Debian/Ubuntu)
+iptables-save > /etc/iptables/rules.v4
+ip6tables-save > /etc/iptables/rules.v6
+```
+
+### Anti-DDoS Rules
+
+```bash
+# SYN flood protection
+iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --syn -m limit --limit 25/s --limit-burst 50 -j ACCEPT
+iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --syn -j DROP
+
+# Limit new connections per source IP
+iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -m connlimit --connlimit-above 50 -j REJECT
+
+# Block port scanning (detect TCP flags abuse)
+iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL NONE -j DROP
+iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL ALL -j DROP
+iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL FIN,URG,PSH -j DROP
+iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --tcp-flags SYN,RST SYN,RST -j DROP
+iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --tcp-flags SYN,FIN SYN,FIN -j DROP
+```
+
+### Application-Specific Rules
+
+```bash
+# Web server with database backend
+# Allow app servers to reach database (port 5432)
+iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 5432 -s 10.0.1.0/24 -j ACCEPT
+
+# Allow monitoring (Prometheus node exporter)
+iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 9100 -s 10.0.200.0/24 -j ACCEPT
+
+# DNS resolution
+iptables -A INPUT -p udp --sport 53 -j ACCEPT
+iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --sport 53 -j ACCEPT
+
+# NTP
+iptables -A INPUT -p udp --sport 123 -j ACCEPT
+
+# Block specific IP (incident response)
+iptables -I INPUT 1 -s 203.0.113.50 -j DROP
+```
+
+## UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall)
+
+```bash
+# Enable UFW with default deny
+ufw default deny incoming
+ufw default allow outgoing
+ufw enable
+
+# Allow SSH from management network
+ufw allow from 10.0.100.0/24 to any port 22 proto tcp
+
+# Allow HTTP/HTTPS
+ufw allow 80/tcp
+ufw allow 443/tcp
+
+# Allow specific application profile
+ufw allow 'Nginx Full'
+
+# Rate limit SSH (max 6 connections in 30 seconds)
+ufw limit ssh
+
+# Allow port range
+ufw allow 8000:8080/tcp
+
+# Deny specific IP
+ufw deny from 203.0.113.50
+
+# Check status
+ufw status verbose
+ufw status numbered
+
+# Delete a rule by number
+ufw delete 3
+
+# Application profiles
+ufw app list
+ufw app info 'Nginx Full'
+```
+
+## nftables
+
+### Complete Server Configuration
+
+```bash
+#!/usr/sbin/nft -f
+flush ruleset
+
+# Define variables
+define LAN = 10.0.0.0/16
+define MGMT = 10.0.100.0/24
+define MONITOR = 10.0.200.0/24
+
+table inet filter {
+  # Rate limiting set
+  set rate_limit {
+    type ipv4_addr
+    flags dynamic,timeout
+    timeout 1m
+  }
+
+  chain input {
+    type filter hook input priority 0; policy drop;
+
+    # Connection tracking
+    ct state established,related accept
+    ct state invalid drop
+
+    # Loopback
+    iif "lo" accept
+
+    # ICMP and ICMPv6
+    ip protocol icmp icmp type { echo-request, destination-unreachable, time-exceeded } limit rate 10/second accept
+    ip6 nexthdr icmpv6 icmpv6 type { echo-request, nd-neighbor-solicit, nd-router-advert } accept
+
+    # SSH from management only
+    tcp dport 22 ip saddr $MGMT accept
+
+    # HTTP/HTTPS from anywhere
+    tcp dport { 80, 443 } accept
+
+    # Prometheus metrics from monitoring subnet
+    tcp dport 9100 ip saddr $MONITOR accept
+
+    # Rate limit new connections
+    tcp flags syn limit rate over 25/second burst 50 packets drop
+
+    # Log dropped traffic
+    log prefix "nft-drop: " level warn limit rate 5/minute
+  }
+
+  chain forward {
+    type filter hook forward priority 0; policy drop;
+  }
+
+  chain output {
+    type filter hook output priority 0; policy accept;
+
+    # Optional: restrict outbound to known destinations
+    # tcp dport { 80, 443, 53 } accept
+    # udp dport { 53, 123 } accept
+    # ct state established,related accept
+    # drop
+  }
+}
+
+# NAT table for port forwarding
+table ip nat {
+  chain prerouting {
+    type nat hook prerouting priority -100;
+    # Forward port 8080 to internal app server
+    tcp dport 8080 dnat to 10.0.1.10:8080
+  }
+
+  chain postrouting {
+    type nat hook postrouting priority 100;
+    oifname "eth0" masquerade
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### nftables Management Commands
+
+```bash
+# Load configuration
+nft -f /etc/nftables.conf
+
+# List all rules
+nft list ruleset
+
+# List specific table
+nft list table inet filter
+
+# Add a rule dynamically
+nft add rule inet filter input tcp dport 8443 accept
+
+# Insert rule at position
+nft insert rule inet filter input position 5 ip saddr 10.0.50.0/24 tcp dport 3306 accept
+
+# Delete a rule by handle
+nft -a list chain inet filter input  # show handles
+nft delete rule inet filter input handle 15
+
+# Monitor in real time
+nft monitor
+```
+
+## AWS Security Groups
+
+### Terraform Configuration
+
+```hcl
+# Web tier security group
+resource "aws_security_group" "web" {
+  name_prefix = "web-sg-"
+  vpc_id      = aws_vpc.main.id
+  description = "Security group for web servers"
+
+  ingress {
+    description = "HTTPS from internet"
+    from_port   = 443
+    to_port     = 443
+    protocol    = "tcp"
+    cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
+  }
+
+  ingress {
+    description = "HTTP redirect"
+    from_port   = 80
+    to_port     = 80
+    protocol    = "tcp"
+    cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
+  }
+
+  egress {
+    description = "All outbound"
+    from_port   = 0
+    to_port     = 0
+    protocol    = "-1"
+    cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
+  }
+
+  tags = {
+    Name        = "web-sg"
+    Environment = "production"
+    ManagedBy   = "terraform"
+  }
+}
+
+# App tier - only accepts traffic from web tier
+resource "aws_security_group" "app" {
+  name_prefix = "app-sg-"
+  vpc_id      = aws_vpc.main.id
+  description = "Security group for application servers"
+
+  ingress {
+    description     = "HTTP from web tier"
+    from_port       = 8080
+    to_port         = 8080
+    protocol        = "tcp"
+    security_groups = [aws_security_group.web.id]
+  }
+
+  egress {
+    from_port   = 0
+    to_port     = 0
+    protocol    = "-1"
+    cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
+  }
+}
+
+# Database tier - only accepts from app tier
+resource "aws_security_group" "db" {
+  name_prefix = "db-sg-"
+  vpc_id      = aws_vpc.main.id
+  description = "Security group for database servers"
+
+  ingress {
+    description     = "PostgreSQL from app tier"
+    from_port       = 5432
+    to_port         = 5432
+    protocol        = "tcp"
+    security_groups = [aws_security_group.app.id]
+  }
+
+  egress {
+    from_port   = 0
+    to_port     = 0
+    protocol    = "-1"
+    cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### AWS CLI Commands
+
+```bash
+# Create security group
+aws ec2 create-security-group \
+  --group-name web-sg \
+  --description "Web server SG" \
+  --vpc-id vpc-0abc123
+
+# Add inbound rule
+aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress \
+  --group-id sg-0abc123 \
+  --protocol tcp --port 443 \
+  --cidr 0.0.0.0/0
+
+# Add rule referencing another security group
+aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress \
+  --group-id sg-0db456 \
+  --protocol tcp --port 5432 \
+  --source-group sg-0app789
+
+# Remove a rule
+aws ec2 revoke-security-group-ingress \
+  --group-id sg-0abc123 \
+  --protocol tcp --port 22 \
+  --cidr 0.0.0.0/0
+
+# Describe rules
+aws ec2 describe-security-group-rules \
+  --filters Name=group-id,Values=sg-0abc123
+```
+
+## Firewall Rule Audit Script
+
+```bash
+#!/bin/bash
+# firewall-audit.sh - Audit current firewall rules for common issues
+
+echo "=== Firewall Audit Report ==="
+echo "Date: $(date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ)"
+echo "Host: $(hostname)"
+echo ""
+
+# Check if firewall is active
+if command -v nft &>/dev/null; then
+    echo "--- nftables rules ---"
+    nft list ruleset
+elif command -v iptables &>/dev/null; then
+    echo "--- iptables rules ---"
+    iptables -L -n -v --line-numbers
+fi
+
+echo ""
+echo "--- Open ports ---"
+ss -tlnp
+
+echo ""
+echo "--- Potential issues ---"
+
+# Check for overly permissive rules
+if iptables -L INPUT -n 2>/dev/null | grep -q "0.0.0.0/0.*dpt:22"; then
+    echo "WARNING: SSH (port 22) open to 0.0.0.0/0 - restrict to management subnet"
+fi
+
+if iptables -L INPUT -n 2>/dev/null | grep -q "0.0.0.0/0.*dpt:3306"; then
+    echo "CRITICAL: MySQL (port 3306) open to 0.0.0.0/0"
+fi
+
+if iptables -L INPUT -n 2>/dev/null | grep -q "0.0.0.0/0.*dpt:5432"; then
+    echo "CRITICAL: PostgreSQL (port 5432) open to 0.0.0.0/0"
+fi
+
+# Check default policies
+DEFAULT_INPUT=$(iptables -L INPUT 2>/dev/null | head -1 | grep -oP 'policy \K\w+')
+if [ "$DEFAULT_INPUT" = "ACCEPT" ]; then
+    echo "CRITICAL: Default INPUT policy is ACCEPT - should be DROP"
+fi
+```
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+| Problem | Cause | Solution |
+|---------|-------|----------|
+| Locked out of SSH | Rule order or default deny applied before allow | Use out-of-band console access; add SSH allow rule first |
+| Rules lost after reboot | Rules not persisted | Install `iptables-persistent` or save to `/etc/nftables.conf` |
+| Docker bypasses iptables | Docker modifies iptables FORWARD chain | Use `DOCKER-USER` chain for custom rules; set `"iptables": false` in daemon.json |
+| nftables and iptables conflict | Both running simultaneously | Migrate fully to nftables; remove iptables packages |
+| AWS SG rule limit reached | Max 60 inbound rules per SG | Use prefix lists or consolidate CIDR ranges |
+| Legitimate traffic blocked | Rule ordering issue | Place more specific allow rules before general deny rules |
+
+## Best Practices
+
+- Default deny policy on all chains
+- Minimal rule sets - only open what is required
+- Regular rule audits (monthly minimum)
+- Log denied traffic for security monitoring
+- Document all rules with descriptions and ticket references
+- Use connection tracking for stateful inspection
+- Rate limit inbound connections to prevent DDoS
+- Separate management traffic from application traffic
+- Test rule changes in staging before production
+- Keep persistent backups of working rule sets
+
+## Related Skills
+
+- linux-hardening (`linux-hardening`) - System security
+- aws-vpc (`aws-vpc`) - AWS networking
+- zero-trust (`zero-trust`) - Identity-based access patterns
+- vpn-setup (`vpn-setup`) - Secure tunnel configuration
+
+## Limitations
+
+- Apply guidance only within authorized scope; test destructive steps in non-production first.
+- Docs-only import: upstream scripts and templates not bundled.
+
+### Example
+
+```bash
+# Read-only first: inventory before any active step.
+which <tool> && <tool> --help | head -n 20
+```
+
+> Adapted from [BagelHole/DevOps-Security-Agent-Skills](https://github.com/BagelHole/DevOps-Security-Agent-Skills) (MIT); frontmatter, When to Use/Limitations, and safety boundaries added for upstream compliance. Docs-only import: helper scripts and templates not bundled.