grnsight 4.0.0 → 6.0.0

package/documents/abstracts/SIGGRAPH 2017 Abstract/ACM-Reference-Format.bst

@@ -1,3478 +0,0 @@
-%%% -*-BibTeX-*-
-%%% ====================================================================
-%%%  @BibTeX-style-file{
-%%%     author          = "Nelson H. F. Beebe, Boris Veytsman and Gerald Murray",
-%%%     version         = "1.18",
-%%%     date            = "10 July 2016",
-%%%     filename        = "ACM-Reference-Format.bst",
-%%%     email           = "beebe@math.utah.edu, beebe@acm.org,
-%%%                        beebe@computer.org, borisv@lk.net, murray@hq.acm.org",
-%%%     codetable       = "ISO/ASCII",
-%%%     keywords        = "ACM Transactions bibliography style; BibTeX",
-%%%     license         = "public domain",
-%%%     supported       = "yes",
-%%%     abstract        = "",
-%%%  }
-%%% ====================================================================
-
-%  ACM BibTeX style, ACM-Reference-Format.bst
-%  for BibTeX version 0.99c, LaTeX version 3.141
-%  ACM extensions with code cleaned up, extended, and debugged 10--15-Nov-2008
-%  Revised 17-APRIL-2008 (Nelson)
-%  Revised 13-MARCH-2011 (Boris/Gerry)
-%  Revised 23-MARCH-2011 (Boris/Gerry)
-%  Revised 27-MARCH-2011 (Boris/Gerry)
-%  Revised 15-APRIL-2011 (Boris/Gerry)
-%  Revised 27-SEPTEMBER-2011 (Boris)
-%  Revised 10-JULY-2016 (Boris)
-%  Revised 04-FEB-2017 (Boris)
-%
-%
-% History (by Nelson)
-%
-% Based on 'acmtrans' (for ACM Journals)
-% Date: 28th April 2008
-%
-% 1. Avoid 'repeating' the 'month' values.
-% 2. Avoid incorrectly italicizing the volume number.
-% 3. Avoid non italicizing certain titles (book, inproceedings etc).
-% 4. NO series if there is NO volume.
-% 5. Sorting of reference with first surname.
-% 6. Article no added for Inproceedings.
-%
-% Date: 07th May 2008
-%
-% 1. Abbreviation list added
-%
-%   Citation format: [author-last-name year]
-%             [author-last-name and author-last-name year]
-%             [author-last-name, author-last-name, and author-last-name year]
-%             [author-last-name et al. year]
-%             [author-last-name]
-%             author-last-name [year]
-%             [author-last-name and author-last-name]
-%             [author-last-name et al.]
-%             [year] or [year,year]
-%             year or year,year
-%
-%   Reference list ordering: alphabetical by author or whatever passes
-%    for author in the absence of one.
-%
-% Features of the old acmtrans.bst:
-% =================================
-%
-% - all authors appear last name first.
-% - all pages are listed xx-xx, (no pp.) and are at the end of the reference
-% - publishers are identified as publisher, address
-% - conferences papers (inproceedings) may give city of conference,
-%   date of conference, and journal that the proceedings appear in.
-% - months abbreviated to max four letters (eg. Mar.)
-% - volume of a series indicated after the title of the series
-% - editors appear after edited title and are identified by a trailing "Eds."
-%   not in parentheses.  Editor names are not given in small caps.
-%   (unless there is no author line)
-% - names terminated with a period even if there is no first name.
-% - editions are indicated trailing after the work, not in parentheses.
-% - "et al." citations have a protected period to avoid bad spacing (jrh)
-% - "address" required when publisher given
-% - series (roman) and volume are in a sentence separate from (book-)title
-%
-%
-% Features of chicago.bst:
-% =======================
-%
-% - full names used in citations, but abbreviated citations are available
-%   (see above)
-% - if an entry has a "month", then the month and year are also printed
-%   as part of that bibitem.
-% - all conjunctions use "and" instead of "\&"
-% - major modification from Chicago Manual of Style (13th ed.) is that
-%   only the first author in a reference appears last name first-
-%   additional authors appear as J. Q. Public.
-% - pages are listed as "pp. xx-xx" in all entry types except
-%   article entries.
-% - book, inbook, and manual use "location: publisher" (or organization)
-%   for address and publisher. All other types list publishers separately.
-% - "pp." are used to identify page numbers for all entry types except
-%   articles.
-% - organization is used as a citation label if neither author nor editor
-%   is present (for manuals).
-% - "et al." is used for long author and editor lists, or when "others"
-%   is used.
-%
-% Modifications and bug fixes from newapa.bst:
-% ===========================================
-%
-%   - added month, year to bib entries if month is present
-%   - fixed bug with In proceedings, added necessary comma after title
-%   - all conjunctions changed to "and" from "\&"
-%   - fixed bug with author labels in my.full.label: "et al." now is
-%        generated when "others" is an author name
-%   - major modification from Chicago Manual of Style (13th ed.) is that
-%     only the first author in a reference appears last name first-
-%     additional authors appear as J. Q. Public.
-%   - pages are listed as "pp. xx-xx" in all entry types except
-%     article entries. Unnecessary (IMHO) "()" around page numbers
-%     were removed, and page numbers now don't end with a period.
-%   - created chicago.sty for use with this bibstyle (required).
-%   - fixed bugs in FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages} for missing volume,
-%     number, and /or pages. Renamed to format.journal.volume.number.
-%   - fixed bug in formatting booktitles: additional period an error if
-%     book has a volume.
-%   - fixed bug: editors usually given redundant period before next clause
-%     (format.editors.dot) removed.
-%   - added label support for organizations, if both author and editor
-%     are missing (from alpha.bst). If organization is too long, then
-%     the key field is used for abbreviated citations.
-%   - In proceedings or books of several volumes, no comma was written
-%     between the "Volume x" and the page numbers (this was intentional
-%     in newapa.bst). Fixed.
-%   - Some journals may not have volumes/numbers, only month/year (eg.
-%     IEEE Computer). Fixed bug in article style that assumed volume/number
-%     was always present.
-%
-% Original documentation for newapa.sty:
-% =====================================
-%
-% This version was made by modifying the master file made by
-% Oren Patashnik (PATASHNIK@SCORE.STANFORD.EDU), and the 'named' BibTeX
-% style of Peter F. Patel-Schneider.
-%
-% Copyright (C) 1985, all rights reserved.
-% Copying of this file is authorized only if either
-% (1) you make absolutely no changes to your copy, including name, or
-% (2) if you do make changes, you name it something other than 'newapa.bst'.
-% There are undoubtably bugs in this style.  If you make bug fixes,
-% improvements, etc.  please let me know.  My e-mail address is:
-%    spencer@cgrg.ohio.state.edu or 71160.3141@compuserve.com
-%
-% This style was made from 'plain.bst', 'named.bst', and 'apalike.bst',
-% with lots of tweaking to make it look like APA style, along with tips
-% from Young Ryu and Brian Reiser's modifications of 'apalike.bst'.
-%
-%
-% Start of ACM-Reference-Format-Journals.bst
-%
-% Note: Many of the new bibentry 'fields' will only work with the
-% 'ACM-Reference-Format-Journals.bst' file. Legacy .bib files (which will, in all probability,
-% NOT contain these new fields) will _still_ work with the ACM-Reference-Format-Journals.bst.
-%
-%
-ENTRY
-  { address
-    advisor
-    archiveprefix
-    author
-    booktitle
-    chapter
-    city        % jtb: added
-    date        % jtb: added
-    edition
-    editor
-    eprint
-    howpublished
-    institution
-    journal
-    key
-    month
-    note
-    number
-    organization
-    pages
-    primaryclass
-    publisher
-    school
-    series
-    title
-    type
-    volume
-    year
-        % New keys recognized
-        issue         % UTAH: used in, e.g., ACM SIGSAM Bulletin and ACM Communications in Computer Algebra
-        articleno
-	eid           
-        day           % UTAH: needed for newspapers, weeklies, bi-weeklies
-        doi           % UTAH
-        url           % UTAH
-        bookpages     % UTAH
-        numpages
-        lastaccessed  % UTAH: used only for @Misc{...}
-        coden         % UTAH
-        isbn          % UTAH
-        isbn-13       % UTAH
-        issn          % UTAH
-        lccn          % UTAH
-  }
-  {}
-  { label.year extra.label sort.year sort.label }
-
-INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
-
-INTEGERS { show-isbn-10-and-13 }  % initialized below in begin.bib
-
-INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
-
-INTEGERS { multiresult }
-
-INTEGERS { len }
-
-INTEGERS { last.extra.num }
-
-STRINGS { s t t.org u }
-
-STRINGS { last.label next.extra }
-
-STRINGS { p1 p2 p3 page.count }
-
-FUNCTION { not }
-{
-    { #0 }
-    { #1 }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { and }
-{
-    'skip$
-    { pop$ #0 }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { or }
-{
-   { pop$ #1 }
-    'skip$
-  if$
-}
-
-
-FUNCTION { dump.stack.1 }
-{
-    duplicate$ "STACK[top] = [" swap$ * "]" * warning$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { dump.stack.2 }
-{
-    duplicate$ "STACK[top  ] = [" swap$ * "]" * warning$
-    swap$
-    duplicate$ "STACK[top-1] = [" swap$ * "]" * warning$
-    swap$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { empty.or.unknown }
-{
-  %% Examine the top stack entry, and push 1 if it is empty, or
-  %% consists only of whitespace, or is a string beginning with two
-  %% queries (??), and otherwise, push 0.
-  %%
-  %% This function provides a replacement for empty$, with the
-  %% convenient feature that unknown values marked by two leading
-  %% queries are treated the same as missing values, and thus, do not
-  %% appear in the output .bbl file, and yet, their presence in .bib
-  %% file(s) serves to mark values which are temporarily missing, but
-  %% are expected to be filled in eventually once more data is
-  %% obtained.  The TeX User Group and BibNet bibliography archives
-  %% make extensive use of this practice.
-  %%
-  %% An empty string cannot serve the same purpose, because just as in
-  %% statistics data processing, an unknown value is not the same as an
-  %% empty value.
-  %%
-  %% At entry: stack = ... top:[string]
-  %% At exit:  stack = ... top:[0 or 1]
-
-  duplicate$ empty$
-    { pop$ #1 }
-    { #1 #2 substring$ "??" = }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { writeln }
-{
-  %% In BibTeX style files, the sequences
-  %%
-  %%     ... "one" "two" output
-  %%     ... "one" "two" output.xxx
-  %%
-  %% ship "one" to the output file, possibly following by punctuation,
-  %% leaving the stack with
-  %%
-  %%     ... "two"
-  %%
-  %% There is thus a one-string lag in output processing that must be
-  %% carefully handled to avoid duplicating a string in the output
-  %% file.  Unless otherwise noted, all output.xxx functions leave
-  %% just one new string on the stack, and that model should be born
-  %% in mind when reading or writing function code.
-  %%
-  %% BibTeX's asynchronous buffering of output from strings from the
-  %% stack is confusing because newline$ bypasses the buffer.  It
-  %% would have been so much easier for newline to be a character
-  %% rather than a state of the output-in-progress.
-  %%
-  %% The documentation in btxhak.dvi is WRONG:  it says
-  %%
-  %%    newline$ Writes onto the bbl file what's accumulated in the
-  %%             output buffer. It writes a blank line if and only
-  %%             if the output buffer is empty. Since write$ does
-  %%             reasonable line breaking, you should use this
-  %%             function only when you want a blank line or an
-  %%             explicit line break.
-  %%
-  %%    write$   Pops the top (string) literal and writes it on the
-  %%             output buffer (which will result in stuff being
-  %%             written onto the bbl file when the buffer fills
-  %%             up).
-  %%
-  %% Examination of the BibTeX source code shows that write$ does
-  %% indeed behave as claimed, but newline$ sends a newline character
-  %% directly to the output file, leaving the stack unchanged.  The
-  %% first line "Writes onto ... buffer." is therefore wrong.
-  %%
-  %% The original BibTeX style files almost always use "write$ newline$"
-  %% in that order, so it makes sense to hide that pair in a private
-  %% function like this one, named after a statement in Pascal,
-  %% the programming language embedded in the BibTeX Web program.
-
-  write$                % output top-of-stack string
-  newline$              % immediate write of newline (not via stack)
-}
-
-FUNCTION { init.state.consts }
-{
-  #0 'before.all :=
-  #1 'mid.sentence :=
-  #2 'after.sentence :=
-  #3 'after.block :=
-}
-
-FUNCTION { output.nonnull }
-{ % Stack in: ... R S T  Stack out: ... R T   File out: S<comma><space>
-  's :=
-  output.state mid.sentence =
-    {
-      ", " * write$
-    }
-    {
-      output.state after.block =
-        {
-          add.period$ writeln
-          "\newblock " write$
-        }
-        {
-          output.state before.all =
-            {
-              write$
-            }
-            {
-              add.period$ " " * write$
-            }
-          if$
-        }
-      if$
-      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
-    }
-  if$
-  s
-}
-
-FUNCTION { output.nonnull.dot.space }
-{ % Stack in: ... R S T  Stack out: ... R T   File out: S<dot><space>
-  's :=
-  output.state mid.sentence =           % { "<DEBUG output.nonnull.dot.space>. " * write$ }
-    {
-      ". " * write$
-    }
-    {
-      output.state after.block =
-        {
-          add.period$ writeln "\newblock " write$
-        }
-        {
-          output.state before.all =
-            {
-              write$
-            }
-            {
-              add.period$ " " * write$
-            }
-          if$
-        }
-      if$
-      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
-    }
-  if$
-  s
-}
-
-FUNCTION { output.nonnull.remove }
-{ % Stack in: ... R S T  Stack out: ... R T   File out: S<space>
-  's :=
-  output.state mid.sentence =
-    {
-      " " * write$
-    }
-    {
-      output.state after.block =
-        {
-          add.period$ writeln "\newblock " write$
-        }
-        {
-          output.state before.all =
-            {
-              write$
-            }
-            {
-              add.period$ " " * write$
-            }
-          if$
-        }
-      if$
-      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
-    }
-  if$
-  s
-}
-
-FUNCTION { output.nonnull.removenospace }
-{ % Stack in: ... R S T  Stack out: ... R T   File out: S
-  's :=
-  output.state mid.sentence =
-    {
-      "" * write$
-    }
-    {
-      output.state after.block =
-        {
-          add.period$ writeln "\newblock " write$
-        }
-        {
-          output.state before.all =
-            {
-              write$
-            }
-            {
-              add.period$ " " * write$
-            }
-          if$
-        }
-      if$
-      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
-    }
-  if$
-  s
-}
-
-FUNCTION { output }
-{ % discard top token if empty, else like output.nonnull
-  duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
-    'pop$
-    'output.nonnull
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { output.dot.space }
-{ % discard top token if empty, else like output.nonnull.dot.space
-  duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
-    'pop$
-    'output.nonnull.dot.space
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { output.removenospace }
-{ % discard top token if empty, else like output.nonnull.removenospace
-  duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
-    'pop$
-    'output.nonnull.removenospace
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { output.check }
-{ % like output, but warn if key name on top-of-stack is not set
-  't :=
-  duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
-    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
-    'output.nonnull
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { bibinfo.output.check }
-{ % like output.check, adding bibinfo field
-  't :=
-  duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
-    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
-    { "\bibinfo{" t "}{" * * swap$ * "}" *
-      output.nonnull }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { output.check.dot.space }
-{ % like output.dot.space, but warn if key name on top-of-stack is not set
-  't :=
-  duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
-    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
-    'output.nonnull.dot.space
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { fin.block }
-{ % functionally, but not logically, identical to fin.entry
-   add.period$
-   writeln
-}
-
-FUNCTION { fin.entry }
-{
-   add.period$
-   writeln
-}
-
-FUNCTION { new.sentence }
-{ % update sentence state, with neither output nor stack change
-  output.state after.block =
-    'skip$
-    {
-      output.state before.all =
-        'skip$
-        { after.sentence 'output.state := }
-      if$
-    }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { fin.sentence }
-{
-   add.period$
-   write$
-   new.sentence
-   ""
-}
-
-FUNCTION { new.block }
-{
-  output.state before.all =
-    'skip$
-    { after.block 'output.state := }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { output.coden }       % UTAH
-{ % output non-empty CODEN as one-line sentence (stack untouched)
-  coden empty.or.unknown
-    { }
-    { "\showCODEN{" coden * "}" * writeln }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.articleno }
-{
-  articleno empty.or.unknown not eid empty.or.unknown not and
-     { "Both articleno and eid are defined for " cite$ * warning$ }
-     'skip$
-  if$
-  articleno empty.or.unknown eid empty.or.unknown and
-     { "" }
-     {
-        numpages empty.or.unknown
-          { "articleno or eid field, but no numpages field, in " 
-            cite$ * warning$ }
-          { }
-        if$
-        eid empty.or.unknown 
-          { "Article \bibinfo{articleno}{" articleno * "}" * }
-          { "Article \bibinfo{articleno}{" eid * "}" * }
-        if$
-     }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.year }
-{ % push year string or "????" onto output stack
-  %% Because year is a mandatory field, we always force SOMETHING
-  %% to be output
-  "\bibinfo{year}{"
-  year empty.or.unknown
-    { "????" }
-    { year }
-  if$
-  *  "}" *
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.day.month }
-{ % push "day month " or "month " or "" onto output stack
-  day empty.or.unknown
-    {
-      month empty.or.unknown
-        { "" }
-        { "\bibinfo{date}{" month * "} " *}
-      if$
-    }
-    {
-      month empty.or.unknown
-        { "" }
-        { "\bibinfo{date}{" day * " " * month * "} " *}
-      if$
-    }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.day.month.year }     % UTAH
-{ % if month is empty, push "" else push "(MON.)" or "(DD MON.)"
-  % Needed for frequent periodicals: 2008. ... New York Times C-1, C-2, C-17 (23 Oct.)
-  % acm-*.bst addition: prefix parenthesized date string with
-  % ", Article nnn "
-  articleno empty.or.unknown eid empty.or.unknown and
-    { "" }
-    { output.state after.block =
-       {", " format.articleno * }
-       { format.articleno  }
-      if$
-    }
-  if$
-  " (" * format.day.month * format.year * ")" *
-}
-
-FUNCTION { output.day.month.year }     % UTAH
-{ % if month is empty value, do nothing; else output stack top and
-  % leave with new top string "(MON.)" or "(DD MON.)"
-  % Needed for frequent periodicals: 2008. ... New York Times C-1, C-2, C-17 (23 Oct.)
-  format.day.month.year
-  output.nonnull.remove
-}
-
-FUNCTION { strip.doi } % UTAH
-{ % Strip any Web address prefix to recover the bare DOI, leaving the
-  % result on the output stack, as recommended by CrossRef DOI
-  % documentation.
-  % For example, reduce "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1534530.1534545" to
-  % "10.1145/1534530.1534545".  That is later typeset and displayed as
-  % doi:10.1145/1534530.1534545 as the LAST item in the reference list
-  % entry.  Publisher Web sites wrap this with a suitable link to a real
-  % URL to resolve the DOI, and the master https://doi.org/ address is
-  % preferred, since publisher-specific URLs can disappear in response
-  % to economic events.  All journals are encouraged by the DOI
-  % authorities to use that typeset format and link procedures for
-  % uniformity across all publications that include DOIs in reference
-  % lists.
-  % The numeric prefix is guaranteed to start with "10.", so we use
-  % that as a test.
-  % 2017-02-04 Added stripping of https:// (Boris)
-  doi #1 #3 substring$ "10." =
-    { doi }
-    {
-      doi 't :=  % get modifiable copy of DOI
-
-      % Change https:// to http:// to strip both prefixes (BV)
-
-      t #1 #8 substring$ "https://" =
-        { "http://"  t #9 t text.length$ #8 - substring$ * 't := }
-        { }
-      if$
-
-      t #1 #7 substring$ "http://" =
-        {
-            t #8 t text.length$ #7 - substring$ 't :=
-
-            "INTERNAL STYLE-FILE ERROR" 's :=
-
-            % search for next "/" and assign its suffix to s
-
-            { t text.length$ }
-            {
-              t #1 #1 substring$ "/" =
-                {
-                  % save rest of string as true DOI (should be 10.xxxx/yyyy)
-                  t #2 t text.length$ #1 - substring$ 's :=
-                  "" 't :=    % empty string t terminates the loop
-                }
-                {
-                  % discard first character and continue loop: t <= substring(t,2,last)
-                  t #2 t text.length$ #1 - substring$ 't :=
-                }
-              if$
-            }
-            while$
-
-            % check for valid DOI (should be 10.xxxx/yyyy)
-            s #1 #3 substring$ "10." =
-              { }
-              { "unrecognized DOI substring " s * " in DOI value [" * doi * "]" * warning$ }
-            if$
-
-            s   % push the stripped DOI on the output stack
-
-        }
-        {
-          "unrecognized DOI value [" doi * "]" * warning$
-          doi   % push the unrecognized original DOI on the output stack
-        }
-      if$
-    }
-  if$
-}
-
-%
-% Change by BV: added standard prefix to URL
-%
-FUNCTION { output.doi } % UTAH
-{ % output non-empty DOI as one-line sentence (stack untouched)
-  doi empty.or.unknown
-    { }
-    {
-      %% NB: We want URLs at beginning of line to reduce likelihood of
-      %% BibTeX's nasty line wrapping after column 79, which then requires
-      %% manual (or automated) editing of the .bbl file to repair.
-      %% The \url{} macro strips percent-newlines, and is thus safe in
-      %% the presence of the line wrapping, but \path|...| and
-      %% \verb|...| do not.
-      "\showDOI{%" writeln
-      "\url{https://doi.org/" strip.doi * "}}" * writeln
-    }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { output.isbn }                % UTAH
-{ % output non-empty ISBN-10 and/or ISBN-13 as one-line sentences (stack untouched)
-  show-isbn-10-and-13
-    {
-      %% show both 10- and 13-digit ISBNs
-      isbn empty.or.unknown
-        { }
-        {
-          "\showISBNx{" isbn * "}" * writeln
-        }
-      if$
-      isbn-13 empty.or.unknown
-        { }
-        {
-          "\showISBNxiii{" isbn-13 * "}" * writeln
-        }
-      if$
-    }
-    {
-      %% show 10-digit ISBNs only if 13-digit ISBNs not available
-      isbn-13 empty.or.unknown
-        {
-          isbn empty.or.unknown
-            { }
-            {
-              "\showISBNx{" isbn * "}" * writeln
-            }
-          if$
-        }
-        {
-          "\showISBNxiii{" isbn-13 * "}" * writeln
-        }
-      if$
-    }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { output.issn } % UTAH
-{ % output non-empty ISSN as one-line sentence (stack untouched)
-  issn empty.or.unknown
-    { }
-    { "\showISSN{" issn * "}" * writeln }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { output.issue }
-{ % output non-empty issue number as a one-line sentence (stack untouched)
-  issue empty.or.unknown
-    { }
-    { "Issue " issue * "." * writeln }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { output.lccn } % UTAH
-{ % return with stack untouched
-  lccn empty.or.unknown
-    { }
-    { "\showLCCN{" lccn * "}" * writeln }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { output.note } % UTAH
-{ % return with stack empty
-  note empty.or.unknown
-    { }
-    { "\shownote{" note add.period$ * "}" * writeln }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { output.note.check } % UTAH
-{ % return with stack empty
-  note empty.or.unknown
-    { "empty note in " cite$ * warning$ }
-    { "\shownote{" note add.period$ * "}" * writeln }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { output.eprint } %
-{ % return with stack empty
-  eprint empty.or.unknown
-    { }
-    { "\showeprint"
-         archiveprefix empty.or.unknown
-           { }
-           { "["  archiveprefix "l" change.case$ "]" * * * }
-         if$
-         "{" *
-         primaryclass empty.or.unknown
-           { }
-           { primaryclass "/" * *}
-         if$
-         eprint "}" * *
-         writeln
-    }
-  if$
-}
-
-
-%
-% Changes by BV 2011/04/15.  Do not output
-% url if doi is defined
-%
-FUNCTION { output.url } % UTAH
-{ % return with stack untouched
-  % output URL and associated lastaccessed fields
-  doi empty.or.unknown
-  {
-    url empty.or.unknown
-      { }
-      {
-          %% NB: We want URLs at beginning of line to reduce likelihood of
-          %% BibTeX's nasty line wrapping after column 79, which would require
-          %% manual (or automated) editing of the .bbl file to repair.  However,
-          %% the \url{} macro handles the unwrapping job automatically.
-          "\showURL{%" writeln
-          lastaccessed empty.or.unknown
-            { "" }
-            { "Retrieved " lastaccessed * " from " * }
-          if$
-
-          %% The URL field may contain a semicolon-separated list of Web
-          %% addresses, and we locate and wrap each of them in \url{...}.
-          %% The simplistic approach of putting the entire list into the
-          %% macro argument is that the semicolons are typeset in a
-          %% typewriter font, and no space follows them.
-          %%
-          %% We therefore replace the original code
-          %%    "\url{" * url * "}}" * writeln
-          %% with this character-at-a-time loop:
-
-          "\url{" *
-
-          url 't :=                       % get modifiable copy of URL list
-
-          { t text.length$ }
-          {
-            t #1 #1 substring$ ";" =
-              {                         % then split argument at separator
-                "};" * writeln
-                "\url{"
-              }
-              {                         % else concatenate nonblank character to argument
-                t #1 #1 substring$ " " =
-                  { }
-                  { t #1 #1 substring$ * }
-                if$
-              }
-            if$
-
-            t #2 t text.length$ #1 - substring$ 't :=
-          }
-          while$
-
-          "}}" * writeln
-      }
-    if$
-  }
-  { }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { output.year.check }
-{ % warn if year empty, else output top string and leave " YEAR<label>" on stack in mid-sentence
-  year empty.or.unknown
-     { "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ }
-     { write$
-       " \bibinfo{year}{" year * "}"  *
-       "\natexlab{" extra.label * "}" * *
-       mid.sentence 'output.state :=
-     }
-  if$
-}
-
-
-FUNCTION { le }
-{
-  %% test whether first number is less than or equal to second number
-  %% stack in:  n1 n2
-  %% stack out: if n1 <= n2 then 1 else 0
-
-  %% "DEBUG: le " cite$ * warning$
-  > { #0 } { #1 } if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { ge }
-{
-  %% test whether first number is greater than or equal to second number
-  %% stack in:  n1 n2
-  %% stack out: if n1 >= n2 then 1 else 0
-
-  %% "DEBUG: ge " cite$ * warning$
-  < { #0 } { #1 } if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { is.leading.digit }
-{
-  %% test whether first character of string is a digit
-  %% stack in:  string
-  %% stack out: if first-char-is-digit then 1 else 0
-
-  #1 #1 substring$                      % replace string by string[1:1]
-  duplicate$                            % string[1:1] string[1:1]
-  chr.to.int$
-  "0" chr.to.int$ swap$ le              % "0" <= string[1:1] --> 0-or-1
-  swap$                                 % 0-or-1 string[1:1]
-  chr.to.int$
-  "9" chr.to.int$ le                    % string[1:1} <= "9" --> 0-or-1
-  and
-}
-
-FUNCTION { skip.digits }
-{
-  %% skip over leading digits in string
-  %% stack in:  string
-  %% stack out: rest-of-string leading-digits
-
-  %% "DEBUG: enter skip.digits " cite$ * warning$
-
-  %% dump.stack.1
-
-  duplicate$
-  't :=
-  't.org :=
-  "" 'u :=
-
-  { t text.length$ }
-  {
-    %% "=================DEBUG: skip.digits   t = [" t * "]" * warning$
-    t is.leading.digit
-      { t #2 t text.length$ #1 - substring$ }
-      {
-        t 'u :=
-        ""
-      }
-    if$
-    't :=
-  }
-  while$
-
-  u                                                             % rest of string
-  t.org #1 t.org text.length$ u text.length$ - substring$       % leading digits
-
-  %% "DEBUG: t.org = [" t.org * "]" * warning$
-  %% "DEBUG: u     = [" u * "]" * warning$
-
-  %% dump.stack.2
-
-  %% "DEBUG: leave skip.digits " cite$ * warning$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { skip.nondigits }
-{
-  %% skip over leading nondigits in string
-  %% stack in:  string
-  %% stack out: rest-of-string
-
-  %% "DEBUG: enter skip.nondigits " cite$ * warning$
-
-  't :=
-  "" 'u :=
-
-  { t text.length$ }
-  {
-    %% "=================DEBUG: skip.nondigits   t = [" t * "]" * warning$
-    t is.leading.digit
-      {
-        t 'u :=
-        ""
-      }
-      { t #2 t text.length$ #1 - substring$ }
-    if$
-    't :=
-  }
-  while$
-
-  u                     % rest of string
-
-  %% dump.stack.1
-  %% "DEBUG: leave skip.nondigits " cite$ * warning$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { parse.next.number }
-{
-  %% stack in:  string
-  %% stack out: rest-of-string next-numeric-part-of-string
-  %% Example:
-  %% stack in:  "123:1--123:59"
-  %% stack out: ":1--123:59" "123"
-
-  's :=
-  s skip.nondigits 's :=
-  s skip.digits
-}
-
-FUNCTION { reduce.pages.to.page.count }
-{
-  %% Stack in:  arbitrary-and-unused
-  %% Stack out: unchanged
-  %%
-  %% For the new-style pagination with article number and numpages or
-  %% pages, we expect to have BibTeX entries containing something like
-  %%     articleno = "17",
-  %%     pages     = "1--23",
-  %% with output "Article 17, 23 pages",
-  %% or
-  %%     articleno = "17",
-  %%     numpages  = "23",
-  %% with output "Article 17, 23 pages",
-  %% or
-  %%     articleno = "17",
-  %%     pages     = "17:1--17:23",
-  %% with output "Article 17, 23 pages",
-  %%
-  %% If articleno is missing or empty, then we should output "1--23",
-  %% "23" (with a warning of a missing articleno), or "17:1--17:23",
-  %% respectively.
-
-  %% "DEBUG: enter reduce.pages.to.page.count " cite$ * warning$
-
-  %% "DEBUG: pages = [" pages * "]" * warning$
-
-  pages
-  parse.next.number 'p1 :=
-  parse.next.number 'p2 :=
-  parse.next.number 'p3 :=
-  parse.next.number 'page.count :=
-
-  duplicate$
-  empty.or.unknown
-    {  }
-    {
-      duplicate$ "unexpected trailing garbage [" swap$ *
-      "] after n:p1--n:p2 in pages = [" *
-      pages *
-      "] in " *
-      cite$ *
-      warning$
-    }
-  if$
-
-  pop$
-
-  %% "DEBUG: reduce.pages.to.page.count: "
-  %% " p1 = " p1 * *
-  %% " p2 = " p2 * *
-  %% " p3 = " p3 * *
-  %% " p4 = " page.count * *
-  %% " in " cite$ * * warning$
-
-  p1 p3 =   p2 "1" =   and   numpages empty.or.unknown   and
-    { "INFO: reduced pages = [" pages * "] to numpages = [" * page.count * "]" * warning$ }
-    {
-      numpages empty.or.unknown
-        { pages }
-        { numpages }
-      if$
-      'page.count :=
-    }
-  if$
-
-  p1 "1" =   p3 empty.or.unknown   and   numpages empty.or.unknown   and
-    {
-      p2 'page.count :=
-      "INFO: reduced pages = [" pages * "] to numpages = [" * page.count * "]" * warning$
-    }
-    {
-      numpages empty.or.unknown
-        { pages }
-        { numpages }
-      if$
-      'page.count :=
-    }
-  if$
-
-  %% "DEBUG: leave reduce.pages.to.page.count " cite$ * warning$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { new.block.checkb }
-{ % issue a new.block only if at least one of top two stack strings is not empty
-  empty.or.unknown
-  swap$ empty.or.unknown
-  and
-    'skip$
-    'new.block
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { field.or.null }
-{ % convert empty value to null string, else return value
-  duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
-    { pop$ "" }
-    'skip$
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { emphasize }
-{ % emphasize a non-empty top string on the stack (WITHOUT italic correction)
-  duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
-    { pop$ "" }
-    { "{\em " swap$ * "}" * }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { emphasize.with.italic.correction }
-{ % convert empty string to null string, or emphasize with a trailing italic correction
-  duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
-    { pop$ "" }
-    { "{\em " swap$ * "\/}" * }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { comma }
-{ % convert empty string to null string, or brace string and add trailing comma
-  duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
-    { pop$ "" }
-    { "{" swap$ * "}," * }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.names }
-{
-  % Format bibliographical entries with the first author last name first,
-  % and subsequent authors with initials followed by last name.
-  % All names are formatted in this routine.
-
-  's :=
-  #1 'nameptr :=               % nameptr = 1;
-  s num.names$ 'numnames :=    % numnames = num.name$(s);
-  numnames 'namesleft :=
-    { namesleft #0 > }
-    { nameptr #1 =
-        %NO: BAD ORDER: {"{" s nameptr "{ff~}{ll}{, jj}{, vv}" format.name$ * "}" * 't := }
-        %NO: BAD ORDER: {"{" s nameptr "{ff~}{ll}{, jj}{, vv}" format.name$ * "}" * 't := }
-        {"\bibinfo{person}{" s nameptr "{ff }{vv }{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ * "}" * 't := }
-        {"\bibinfo{person}{" s nameptr "{ff }{vv }{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ * "}" * 't := }
-      if$
-      nameptr #1 >
-        {
-          namesleft #1 >
-            { ", " * t * }
-            {
-              numnames #2 >
-                { "," * }
-                'skip$
-              if$
-              t "{\sc others}" =
-                { " {et~al\mbox{.}}" * } % jrh: avoid spacing problems
-                { " {and} " * t * } % from Chicago Manual of Style
-              if$
-            }
-          if$
-        }
-        't
-      if$
-      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=          % nameptr += 1;
-      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=      % namesleft =- 1;
-    }
-  while$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { my.full.label }
-{
-  's :=
-  #1 'nameptr :=               % nameptr = 1;
-  s num.names$ 'numnames :=    % numnames = num.name$(s);
-  numnames 'namesleft :=
-    { namesleft #0 > }
-
-    { s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ 't :=  % get the next name
-      nameptr #1 >
-        {
-          namesleft #1 >
-            { ", " * t * }
-            {
-              numnames #2 >
-                { "," * }
-                'skip$
-              if$
-              t "others" =
-                { " et~al\mbox{.}" * } % jrh: avoid spacing problems
-                { " and " * t * } % from Chicago Manual of Style
-              if$
-            }
-          if$
-        }
-        't
-      if$
-      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=          % nameptr += 1;
-      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=      % namesleft =- 1;
-    }
-  while$
-
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.names.fml }
-{
-  % Format names in "familiar" format, with first initial followed by
-  % last name. Like format.names, ALL names are formatted.
-  % jtb: The names are NOT put in small caps
-
-  's :=
-  #1 'nameptr :=               % nameptr = 1;
-  s num.names$ 'numnames :=    % numnames = num.name$(s);
-  numnames 'namesleft :=
-    { namesleft #0 > }
-
-    {
-      "\bibinfo{person}{" s nameptr "{ff~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ * "}" * 't :=
-
-      nameptr #1 >
-        {
-          namesleft #1 >
-            { ", " * t * }
-            {
-              numnames #2 >
-                { "," * }
-                'skip$
-              if$
-              t "{others}" =
-                { " {et~al\mbox{.}}" * }
-                { " {and} " * t * }
-              if$
-            }
-          if$
-        }
-        't
-      if$
-      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=          % nameptr += 1;
-      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=      % namesleft =- 1;
-    }
-  while$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.authors }
-{
-  author empty.or.unknown
-    { "" }
-    {
-      "\bibfield{author}{"
-      author format.names add.period$ * "}" *} % jtb: add period if none before
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.key }
-{
-  empty.or.unknown
-    { key field.or.null }
-    { "" }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.no.key }
-{
-  empty.or.unknown
-    { "" }
-    { "" }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.editors.fml }
-{
-  % Format editor names for use in the "in" types: inbook, incollection,
-  % inproceedings: first initial, then last names. When editors are the
-  % LABEL for an entry, then format.editor is used which lists editors
-  % by last name first.
-
-  editor empty.or.unknown
-    { "" }
-    {
-      "\bibfield{editor}{"
-      editor format.names.fml
-      *  "}" *
-      editor num.names$ #1 >
-        { " (Eds.)" * }
-        { " (Ed.)" * }
-      if$
-    }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.editors }
-{ % format editor names for use in labels, last names first.
-  editor empty.or.unknown
-    { "" }
-    {
-      "\bibfield{editor}{"
-      editor format.names
-      *  "}" *
-      editor num.names$ #1 >
-        { " (Eds.)." * }
-        { " (Ed.)." * }
-      if$
-    }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.articletitle }
-{
-  title empty.or.unknown
-    { "" }
-    % Use this to preserve lettercase in titles:
-    { "\showarticletitle{" title * "}" * }
-    % Use this for downcase title style:
-    % { \showarticletitle{" title "t" change.case$ * "}" * }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.title }
-{
-  title empty.or.unknown
-    { "" }
-    % Use this to preserve lettercase in titles:
-    { "\bibinfo{title}{" title * "}" * }
-    % Use this for downcase title style:
-    % { title "t" change.case$ }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { n.dashify }
-{
-  't :=
-  ""
-    { t empty.or.unknown not }
-    {
-      t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
-        {
-          t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
-            { "--" *
-              t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
-            }
-            {
-              { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
-              {
-                "-" *
-                t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
-              }
-              while$
-            }
-          if$
-        }
-        {
-          t #1 #1 substring$ *
-          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
-        }
-      if$
-    }
-  while$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.btitle }
-{
-  "\bibinfo{booktitle}{"
-  edition empty.or.unknown
-  { title emphasize }
-  { title empty.or.unknown
-    { title emphasize } % jtb: what is this supposed to do ?!?
-    { "{\em " title * "\/} (\bibinfo{edition}{" * edition "l" change.case$ *
-    "} ed.)" * } % jtb: no parens for ed.
-    if$
-  }
-  if$
-  * "}" *
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.emphasize.booktitle }
-{ % push "" or "{\em booktitle}" or "{\em booktitle}, (second ed.)" on stack
-  "\bibinfo{booktitle}{"
-  edition empty.or.unknown
-    { booktitle emphasize }
-    { booktitle empty.or.unknown
-      { "" }
-      { "{\em " booktitle * "} (\bibinfo{edition}{" *
-      edition "l" change.case$ * "} ed.)" * }
-      if$
-    }
-  if$
-  * "}" *
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.city }
-{
-  % jtb: if the preceding string (the title of the conference) is non-empty,
-  % jtb: append the location, otherwise leave empty (so as to trigger the
-  % jtb: error message in output.check
-
-  duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
-    { }
-    {
-      city empty.or.unknown
-        {
-          date empty.or.unknown
-            { }
-            { " (" * date * ")" * }
-          if$
-        }
-        {
-          date empty.or.unknown
-            { " (" * city * ")" * }
-            { " (" * city * ", " * date * ")" * }
-          if$
-        }
-      if$
-    }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { tie.or.space.connect }
-{
-  duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
-    { "~" }
-    { " " }
-  if$
-  swap$ * *
-}
-
-FUNCTION { either.or.check }
-{
-  empty.or.unknown
-    'pop$
-    { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.bvolume }
-{
-  % jtb: If there is a series, this is added and the volume trails after it.
-  % jtb: Otherwise, "Vol" is Capitalized.
-
-  volume empty.or.unknown
-    { "" }
-    {
-      series empty.or.unknown
-        { "Vol.~\bibinfo{volume}{" volume "}" * *}
-        { "\bibinfo{series}{" series "}, " * *
-          "Vol.~\bibinfo{volume}{" volume "}" * * *}
-      if$
-      "volume and number" number either.or.check
-    }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.bvolume.noseries }
-{
-  volume empty.or.unknown
-    { "" }
-    { "Vol.~\bibinfo{volume}{" volume "}" * *
-      "volume and number" number either.or.check
-    }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.series }
-{
-  series empty.or.unknown
-    {""}
-    {" {\em (\bibinfo{series}{" * series "})}" *}
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.number.series }
-{
-  volume empty.or.unknown
-    {
-      number empty.or.unknown
-        {
-          volume empty.or.unknown
-          { "" }
-          {
-            series empty.or.unknown
-              { "" }
-              { " (\bibinfo{series}{" series * "})" * }
-            if$
-          }
-          if$
-        }                                       %    { series field.or.null }
-        {
-          output.state mid.sentence =
-            { "Number" }                        % gnp - changed to mixed case always
-            { "Number" }
-          if$
-          number tie.or.space.connect series empty.or.unknown
-            { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
-            { " in \bibinfo{series}{" * series * "}" * }
-          if$
-        }
-      if$
-    }
-    {
-      ""
-    }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { multi.page.check }
-{
-  't :=
-  #0 'multiresult :=
-    { multiresult not
-      t empty.or.unknown not
-      and
-    }
-    { t #1 #1 substring$
-      duplicate$ "-" =
-      swap$ duplicate$ "," =
-      swap$ "+" =
-      or or
-    { #1 'multiresult := }
-    { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
-      if$
-    }
-  while$
-  multiresult
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.pages }
-{
-  pages empty.or.unknown
-    { "" }
-    { "\bibinfo{pages}{"
-      pages multi.page.check
-        { pages n.dashify } % gnp - removed () % jtb: removed pp.
-        { pages }
-      if$
-      * "}" *
-    }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.pages.check.without.articleno }
-{ %% format pages field only if articleno is absent
-  %% Stack out: pages-specification
-  numpages missing$ pages missing$ and
-    { "page numbers missing in both pages and numpages fields in " cite$ * warning$ }
-    { }
-  if$
-
-  articleno empty.or.unknown eid empty.or.unknown and
-    {
-      pages missing$
-        { numpages }
-        { format.pages }
-      if$
-    }
-    { "" }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.pages.check }
-{
-  pages empty.or.unknown
-    { "page numbers missing in " cite$ * warning$ "" }
-    { pages n.dashify }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.bookpages }
-{
-  bookpages empty.or.unknown
-    { "" }
-    { bookpages "book pages" tie.or.space.connect }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.named.pages }
-{
-  pages empty.or.unknown
-    { "" }
-    { format.pages "pages" tie.or.space.connect }
-  if$
-}
-
-%
-% Changed by Boris Veytsman, 2011-03-13
-% Now the word "pages" is printed even if
-% there field pages is not empty.
-%
-
-FUNCTION { format.page.count }
-{
-  page.count empty.or.unknown
-    { "" }
-    { "\bibinfo{numpages}{" page.count * "}~pages" * }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.articleno.numpages }
-{
-  %% There are seven possible outputs, depending on which fields are set.
-  %%
-  %% These four are handled here:
-  %%
-  %%     articleno, numpages, pages     -> "Article articleno-value, numpages-value pages"
-  %%     articleno, numpages            -> "Article articleno-value, numpages-value pages"
-  %%     articleno, pages               -> "Article articleno-value, reduced-pages-value pages"
-  %%     articleno                      -> "Article articleno-value" and warn about missing numpages
-  %%
-  %% The remaining three have already been handled by
-  %% format.pages.check.without.articleno:
-  %%
-  %%     numpages, pages                -> "pages-value"
-  %%     numpages                       -> "numpages-value"
-  %%     pages                          -> "pages-value"
-
-  articleno empty.or.unknown eid empty.or.unknown and
-    {
-      numpages empty.or.unknown
-        { }
-        { "numpages field, but no articleno or eid field, in "
-	  cite$ * warning$ }
-      if$
-      ""
-    }
-    {
-      numpages empty.or.unknown
-        {
-          pages empty.or.unknown
-            {
-              "articleno or eid, but no pages or numpages field in "
-	         cite$ * warning$
-              "" 'page.count :=
-            }
-            { reduce.pages.to.page.count }
-          if$
-        }
-        { numpages 'page.count := }
-      if$
-
-      %% The Article number is now handled in format.day.month.year because
-      %% ACM prefers the style "Digital Libraries 12, 3, Article 5 (July 2008)"
-      %% over "Digital Libraries 12, 3 (July 2008), Article 5"
-      %% format.articleno output
-      format.page.count
-    }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {calc.format.page.count}
-{
-  numpages empty.or.unknown
-   {
-     pages empty.or.unknown
-        {
-        "" 'page.count :=
-        }
-        { reduce.pages.to.page.count }
-     if$
-   }
-   { numpages 'page.count := }
-  if$
-  format.page.count
-}
-
-
-
-FUNCTION { format.journal.volume.number.day.month.year }
-{
-  % By Young (and Spencer)
-  % GNP - fixed bugs with missing volume, number, and/or pages
-  %
-  % Format journal, volume, number, pages for article types.
-  %
-  journal empty.or.unknown
-    { "no journal in " cite$ * warning$
-      "" }
-%    { journal emphasize.with.italic.correction }
-     {
-       "\bibinfo{journal}{"
-           journal "Journal of the ACM" =
-       { "{\it J. ACM}" }
-       {
-           journal "American Mathematical Society Translations" =
-       { "{\it Amer. Math. Soc. Transl.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society" =
-       { "{\it Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society" =
-       { "{\it Proc. Amer. Math. Soc.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Transactions of the American Mathematical Society" =
-       { "{\it Trans. Amer. Math. Soc.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Communications of the {ACM}" =
-       { "{\it Commun. {ACM}}" }
-       {
-           journal "{ACM} Computing Surveys" =
-       { "{\it Comput. Surveys}" }
-       {
-           journal "{ACM} Transactions on Mathematical Software" =
-       { "{\it {ACM} Trans. Math. Software}" }
-       {
-           journal "{ACM} {SIGNUM} Newsletter" =
-       { "{\it {ACM} {SIGNUM} Newslett.}" }
-       {
-           journal "American Journal of Sociology" =
-       { "{\it Amer. J. Sociology}" }
-       {
-           journal "Journal of the American Statistical Association" =
-       { "{\it J. Amer. Statist. Assoc.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Applied Mathematics and Computation" =
-       { "{\it Appl. Math. Comput.}" }
-       {
-           journal "American Mathematical Monthly" =
-       { "{\it Amer. Math. Monthly}" }
-       {
-           journal "British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology" =
-       { "{\it Brit. J. Math. Statist. Psych.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Canadian Mathematical Bulletin" =
-       { "{\it Canad. Math. Bull.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics" =
-       { "{\it J. Comput. Appl. Math.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Journal of Computational Physics" =
-       { "{\it J. Comput. Phys.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Computers and Structures" =
-       { "{\it Comput. \& Structures}" }
-       {
-           journal "The Computer Journal" =
-       { "{\it Comput. J.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Journal of Computer and System Sciences" =
-       { "{\it J. Comput. System Sci.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Contemporary Mathematics" =
-       { "{\it Contemp. Math.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Crelle's Journal" =
-       { "{\it Crelle's J.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Giornale di Mathematiche" =
-       { "{\it Giorn. Mat.}" }
-       {
-           journal "{IEEE} Transactions on Computers" =
-       { "{\it {IEEE} Trans. Comput.}" }
-       {
-           journal "{IEEE} Transactions on Automatic Control" =
-       { "{\it {IEEE} Trans. Automat. Control}" }
-       {
-           journal "Proceedings of the {IEEE}" =
-       { "{\it Proc. {IEEE}}" }
-       {
-           journal "{IEEE} Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems" =
-       { "{\it {IEEE} Trans. Aerospace Electron. Systems}" }
-       {
-           journal "{IMA} Journal of Numerical Analysis" =
-       { "{\it {IMA} J. Numer. Anal.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Information Processing Letters" =
-       { "{\it Inform. Process. Lett.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Journal of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications" =
-       { "{\it J. Inst. Math. Appl.}" }
-       {
-           journal "International Journal of Control" =
-       { "{\it Internat. J. Control}" }
-       {
-           journal "International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering" =
-       { "{\it Internat. J. Numer. Methods Engrg.}" }
-       {
-           journal "International Journal of Supercomputing Applications" =
-       { "{\it Internat. J. Supercomputing Applic.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards" =
-       { "{\it J. Res. Nat. Bur. Standards}" }
-       {
-           journal "Linear Algebra and its Applications" =
-       { "{\it Linear Algebra Appl.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications" =
-       { "{\it J. Math. Anal. Appl.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Mathematische Annalen" =
-       { "{\it Math. Ann.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Journal of Mathematical Physics" =
-       { "{\it J. Math. Phys.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Mathematics of Computation" =
-       { "{\it Math. Comp.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Mathematica Scandinavica" =
-       { "{\it Math. Scand.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Mathematical Tables and Other Aids to Computation" =
-       { "{\it Math. Tables Aids Comput.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Numerische Mathematik" =
-       { "{\it Numer. Math.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Pacific Journal of Mathematics" =
-       { "{\it Pacific J. Math.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing" =
-       { "{\it J. Parallel and Distrib. Comput.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Parallel Computing" =
-       { "{\it Parallel Comput.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Philosophical Magazine" =
-       { "{\it Philos. Mag.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA" =
-       { "{\it Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Quarterly Journal of Mathematics, Oxford, Series (2)" =
-       { "{\it Quart. J. Math. Oxford Ser. (2)}" }
-       {
-           journal "Quarterly of Applied Mathematics" =
-       { "{\it Quart. Appl. Math.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Review of the International Statisical Institute" =
-       { "{\it Rev. Inst. Internat. Statist.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics" =
-       { "{\it J. Soc. Indust. Appl. Math.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Series B, Numerical Analysis" =
-       { "{\it J. Soc. Indust. Appl. Math. Ser. B Numer. Anal.}" }
-       {
-           journal "{SIAM} Journal on Algebraic and Discrete Methods" =
-       { "{\it {SIAM} J. Algebraic Discrete Methods}" }
-       {
-           journal "{SIAM} Journal on Applied Mathematics" =
-       { "{\it {SIAM} J. Appl. Math.}" }
-       {
-           journal "{SIAM} Journal on Computing" =
-       { "{\it {SIAM} J. Comput.}" }
-       {
-           journal "{SIAM} Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications" =
-       { "{\it {SIAM} J. Matrix Anal. Appl.}" }
-       {
-           journal "{SIAM} Journal on Numerical Analysis" =
-       { "{\it {SIAM} J. Numer. Anal.}" }
-       {
-           journal "{SIAM} Review" =
-       { "{\it {SIAM} Rev.}" }
-       {
-           journal "{SIAM} Journal on Scientific and Statistical Computing" =
-       { "{\it {SIAM} J. Sci. Statist. Comput.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Software Practice and Experience" =
-       { "{\it Software Prac. Experience}" }
-       {
-           journal "Statistical Science" =
-       { "{\it Statist. Sci.}" }
-       {
-           journal "{USSR} Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics" =
-       { "{\it {U. S. S. R.} Comput. Math. and Math. Phys.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Journal of {VLSI} and Computer Systems" =
-       { "{\it J. {VLSI} Comput. Syst.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik" =
-       { "{\it Z. Angew. Math. Mech.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Mathematik und Physik" =
-       { "{\it Z. Angew. Math. Phys.}" }
-       {
-           journal "ACM Computing Surveys" =
-       { "{\it Comput. Surveys}" }
-       {
-           journal "ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software" =
-       { "{\it ACM Trans. Math. Software}" }
-       {
-           journal "ACM {SIGNUM} Newsletter" =
-       { "{\it ACM {SIGNUM} Newslett.}" }
-       {
-           journal "IEEE Transactions on Computers" =
-       { "{\it IEEE Trans. Comput.}" }
-       {
-           journal "IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control" =
-       { "{\it IEEE Trans. Automat. Control}" }
-       {
-           journal "Proceedings of the IEEE" =
-       { "{\it Proc. IEEE}" }
-       {
-           journal "IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems" =
-       { "{\it IEEE Trans. Aerospace Electron. Systems}" }
-       {
-           journal "IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis" =
-       { "{\it IMA J. Numer. Anal.}" }
-       {
-           journal "SIAM Journal on Algebraic and Discrete Methods" =
-       { "{\it SIAM J. Algebraic Discrete Methods}" }
-       {
-           journal "SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics" =
-       { "{\it SIAM J. Appl. Math.}" }
-       {
-           journal "SIAM Journal on Computing" =
-       { "{\it SIAM J. Comput.}" }
-       {
-           journal "SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications" =
-       { "{\it SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl.}" }
-       {
-           journal "SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis" =
-       { "{\it SIAM J. Numer. Anal.}" }
-       {
-           journal "SIAM Review" =
-       { "{\it SIAM Rev.}" }
-       {
-           journal "SIAM Journal on Scientific and Statistical Computing" =
-       { "{\it SIAM J. Sci. Statist. Comput.}" }
-       {
-           journal "USSR Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics" =
-       { "{\it U. S. S. R. Comput. Math. and Math. Phys.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Journal of VLSI and Computer Systems" =
-       { "{\it J. VLSI Comput. Syst.}" }
-       {
-           journal "Communications of the ACM" =
-       { "{\it Commun. ACM}" }
-       %% If no match with cases needing special handling, just output journal name
-       {  journal emphasize.with.italic.correction  }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-           }
-     if$
-     * "}" *
-         }
-    if$
-
-  number empty.or.unknown
-    {
-      volume empty.or.unknown
-        { "no number and no volume in " cite$ * warning$ "" * }
-        { " " * " \bibinfo{volume}{" * volume * "}" * }
-      if$
-    }
-    {
-      volume empty.or.unknown
-        {
-          "unusual to have number, but no volume, for " cite$ * warning$
-          " \bibinfo{number}{" * number * "}" *
-        }
-        { " \bibinfo{volume}{" * volume  * "}, \bibinfo{number}{" *
-          number * "}" *}
-      if$
-    }
-  if$
-  after.block 'output.state :=
-
-  % Sometimes proceedings are published in journals
-  % In this case we do not want to put year, day and month here
-
-  type$ "inproceedings" =
-    { }
-    {format.day.month.year * }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.chapter.pages }
-{
-  chapter empty.or.unknown
-    'format.pages
-    { type empty.or.unknown
-        { "Chapter" } % gnp - changed to mixed case
-        { type "t" change.case$ }
-      if$
-      chapter tie.or.space.connect
-      pages empty.or.unknown
-        {"page numbers missing in " cite$ * warning$} % gnp - added check
-        { ", " * format.pages * }
-      if$
-    }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.in.emphasize.booktitle }
-{ % jtb: format for collections or proceedings not appearing in a journal
-  booktitle empty.or.unknown
-  { "" }
-  { "In " format.emphasize.booktitle * }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.in.booktitle }
-{ % jtb: format for proceedings appearing in a journal
-  booktitle empty.or.unknown
-  { "" }
-  { "In \bibinfo{booktitle}{" booktitle * "}" * }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.in.ed.booktitle }
-{
-  booktitle empty.or.unknown
-  { "" }
-  { editor empty.or.unknown
-    { "In " format.emphasize.booktitle * }
-                % jtb: swapped editor location
-    { "In " format.emphasize.booktitle * ", " * format.editors.fml * }
-    if$
-  }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.thesis.type }
-{ % call with default type on stack top
-  type empty.or.unknown
-    'skip$    % use default type
-    {
-      pop$    % discard default type
-      % NO: it is silly to have to brace protect every degree type!:  type "t" change.case$
-      type
-    }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.tr.number }
-{
-  "\bibinfo{type}{"
-  type empty.or.unknown
-    { "{T}echnical {R}eport" }
-    'type
-  if$
-  "}" * *
-  number empty.or.unknown
-    { "t" change.case$ }
-    %% LOOKS BAD: { "." * number tie.or.space.connect }
-    %% Prefer "Research report RJ687." to "Research report. RJ687."
-    { number tie.or.space.connect }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.advisor }
-{
-  advisor empty.or.unknown
-    { "" }
-    { "Advisor(s) " advisor * }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.article.crossref }
-{ "See"
-  "\citeN{" * crossref * "}" *
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.crossref.editor }
-{
-  editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
-  editor num.names$ duplicate$
-  #2 >
-    { pop$ " et~al\mbox{.}" * }         % jrh: avoid spacing problems
-    { #2 <
-    'skip$
-    { editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
-        { " et~al\mbox{.}" * }          % jrh: avoid spacing problems
-        { " and " * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
-      if$
-    }
-      if$
-    }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.book.crossref }
-{
-  volume empty.or.unknown
-    { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
-      "In "
-    }
-    { "Volume" volume tie.or.space.connect % gnp - changed to mixed case
-      " of " *
-    }
-  if$
-  editor empty.or.unknown
-  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
-  or
-    { key empty.or.unknown
-    { series empty.or.unknown
-        { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
-          crossref * warning$
-          "" *
-        }
-        { "{\em " * series * "\/}" * }
-      if$
-    }
-    { key * }
-      if$
-    }
-    { format.crossref.editor * }
-  if$
-  " \citeN{" * crossref * "}" *
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.incoll.inproc.crossref }
-{ "See"
-  " \citeN{" * crossref * "}" *
-}
-
-FUNCTION { format.lab.names }
-{
-  % format.lab.names:
-  %
-  % determines "short" names for the abbreviated author information.
-  % "Long" labels are created in calc.label, using the routine my.full.label
-  % to format author and editor fields.
-  %
-  % There are 4 cases for labels.   (n=3 in the example)
-  % a) one author             Foo
-  % b) one to n               Foo, Bar and Baz
-  % c) use of "and others"    Foo, Bar et al.
-  % d) more than n            Foo et al.
-
-  's :=
-  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
-  numnames #2 >    % change number to number of others allowed before
-                   % forcing "et al".
-    { s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ " et~al\mbox{.}" * } % jrh: \mbox{} added
-    {
-      numnames #1 - 'namesleft :=
-      #2 'nameptr :=
-      s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
-        { namesleft #0 > }
-        { nameptr numnames =
-            { s nameptr "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
-                { " et~al\mbox{.}" * }          % jrh: avoid spacing problems
-                { " and " * s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
-              if$
-            }
-            { ", " * s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
-          if$
-          nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
-          namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
-        }
-      while$
-    }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { author.key.label }
-{
-  author empty.or.unknown
-    { key empty.or.unknown
-          { "no key, author in " cite$ * warning$
-            cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
-         'key
-      if$
-    }
-    { author format.lab.names }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { editor.key.organization.label }
-{ % added - gnp. Provide label formatting by organization if editor is null.
-  editor empty.or.unknown
-    { organization empty.or.unknown
-        { key empty.or.unknown
-            { "no key, editor or organization in " cite$ * warning$
-              cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
-            'key
-          if$
-        }
-        { organization }
-      if$
-    }
-    { editor format.lab.names }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { author.editor.key.label }
-{
-  author empty.or.unknown
-    { editor empty.or.unknown
-          { key empty.or.unknown
-               { "no key, author, or editor in " cite$ * warning$
-                 cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
-             'key
-           if$
-         }
-          { editor format.lab.names }
-      if$
-    }
-    { author format.lab.names }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { author.editor.key.organization.label }
-{ % added - gnp. Provide label formatting by organization if author is null.
-  author empty.or.unknown
-    { editor empty.or.unknown
-        { organization empty.or.unknown
-            { key empty.or.unknown
-               { "no key, author, editor or organization in " cite$ * warning$
-                 cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
-               'key
-              if$
-            }
-            { organization }
-          if$
-        }
-        { editor format.lab.names }
-      if$
-    }
-    { author format.lab.names }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { calc.basic.label }
-{
-  type$ "book" =
-  type$ "inbook" =
-  or
-  type$ "article" =
-  or
-    'author.editor.key.label
-    { type$ "proceedings" =
-      type$ "periodical" =
-      or
-        'editor.key.organization.label
-        { type$ "manual" =
-            'author.editor.key.organization.label
-            'author.key.label
-          if$
-        }
-      if$
-    }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { calc.label }
-{
-  % Changed - GNP. See also author.editor.organization.sort, editor.organization.sort
-  % Form label for BibTeX entry. The classification of which fields are used
-  % for which type of entry (book, inbook, etc.) are taken from alpha.bst.
-  % The change here from newapa is to also include organization as a
-  % citation label if author or editor is missing.
-
-  calc.basic.label
-
-  author empty.or.unknown  % generate the full label citation information.
-    {
-      editor empty.or.unknown
-        {
-          organization empty.or.unknown
-            {
-              key empty.or.unknown
-                {
-                  "no author, editor, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
-                  "??"
-                }
-                { key }
-              if$
-            }
-            { organization }
-          if$
-        }
-        { editor my.full.label }
-      if$
-    }
-    { author my.full.label }
-  if$
-
-  % leave label on the stack, to be popped when required.
-
-  "}{" * swap$ * "}{" *
-  %  year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ *
-  %
-  % save the year for sort processing afterwards (adding a, b, c, etc.)
-  %
-  year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$
-  'label.year :=
-}
-
-
-FUNCTION { output.bibitem }
-{
-  newline$
-  "\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{" write$
-  calc.label write$
-  sort.year write$
-  "}]%" writeln
-  "        {" write$
-  cite$ write$
-  "}" writeln
-  ""
-  before.all 'output.state :=
-}
-
-
-FUNCTION { output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint }
-{ % enter and return with stack empty
-  %% We switch now from buffered output to output of complete lines, so
-  %% that the Issue .. URL data have their own lines, and are less likely
-  %% to be line-wrapped by BibTeX's short-sighted algorithm, which wraps
-  %% lines longer than 79 characters, backtracking to what it thinks is
-  %% a break point in the string.  Any such wrapping MUST be undone to
-  %% prevent percent-newline from appearing in DOIs and URLs.  The
-  %% output data are intentionally wrapped in \showxxx{} macros at
-  %% beginning of line, and that supply their own punctuation (if they
-  %% are not defined to suppress output entirely), to make it easier for
-  %% other software to recover them from .bbl files.
-  %%
-  %% It also makes it possible to later change the macro definitions
-  %% to suppress particular output values, or alter their appearance.
-  %%
-  %% Note that it is possible for theses, technical reports, and
-  %% manuals to have ISBNs, and anything that has an ISBN may also
-  %% have an ISSN.  When there are no values for these keys, there
-  %% is no output generated for them here.
-
-  "\newblock" writeln
-  after.block 'output.state :=
-
-  output.issue
-  output.isbn
-  output.coden  % CODEN is functionally like ISSN, so output them sequentially
-  output.issn
-  output.lccn
-  output.doi    % DOI is ALWAYS last according to CrossRef DOI documentation
-  output.eprint
-  output.url    % but ACM wants URL last
-}
-
-FUNCTION { output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note }
-{ % enter with stack empty, return with empty string on stack
-  output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint
-  note empty.or.unknown
-    { }
-    {
-      "\newblock" writeln
-      output.note
-    }
-  if$
-  ""
-}
-
-FUNCTION { output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note.check }
-{ % enter with stack empty, return with empty string on stack
-  output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint
-  note empty.or.unknown
-    { }
-    {
-      "\newblock" writeln
-      output.note.check
-    }
-  if$
-  ""
-}
-
-FUNCTION { article }
-{
-  output.bibitem
-
-  author empty.or.unknown
-    {
-      editor empty.or.unknown
-        { "neither author and editor supplied for " cite$ * warning$ }
-        { format.editors "editor" output.check }
-      if$
-    }
-    { format.authors "author" output.check }
-  if$
-
-  author format.no.key output       % added
-  output.year.check                 % added
-  new.block
-  format.articletitle "title" output.check
-  new.block
-  howpublished empty.or.unknown
-    { }
-    { "\bibinfo{howpublished}{" howpublished "}" * * output }
-  if$
-
-  crossref missing$
-    { format.journal.volume.number.day.month.year output}
-    {
-      "cross reference in @Article{...} is unusual" warning$
-      format.article.crossref output.nonnull
-    }
-  if$
-
-  format.pages.check.without.articleno output
-  format.articleno.numpages output
-  fin.block
-  output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
-  fin.entry
-}
-
-FUNCTION { book }
-{
-  output.bibitem
-  author empty.or.unknown
-    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check }
-    { format.authors output.nonnull
-      crossref missing$
-        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
-        'skip$
-      if$
-    }
-  if$
-  output.year.check       % added
-  new.block
-  format.btitle "title" output.check
-  crossref missing$
-    { new.sentence              % jtb: start a new sentence for series/volume
-      format.bvolume output
-      new.block
-      format.number.series output
-      new.sentence
-      publisher "publisher" bibinfo.output.check
-      address "address" bibinfo.output.check    % jtb: require address
-      fin.sentence
-      pages empty.or.unknown
-        { format.bookpages }    % use bookpages when pages empty
-        { format.pages.check "pages" tie.or.space.connect }
-      if$
-      output
-    }
-    { new.block
-      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
-    }
-  if$
-  fin.block
-  output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
-  fin.entry
-}
-
-FUNCTION { booklet }
-{
-  output.bibitem
-  format.authors output
-  author format.key output          % added
-  output.year.check                 % added
-  new.block
-  format.title "title" output.check
-  new.block
-    howpublished empty.or.unknown
-    { }
-    { "\bibinfo{howpublished}{" howpublished "}" * * output }
-  if$
-  address output
-  fin.block
-  output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
-  fin.entry
-}
-
-FUNCTION { inbook }
-{
-  output.bibitem
-  author empty.or.unknown
-    { format.editors
-      "author and editor" output.check
-    }
-    { format.authors output.nonnull
-      crossref missing$
-    { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
-    'skip$
-      if$
-    }
-  if$
-  output.year.check                 % added
-  new.block
-  format.btitle "title" output.check
-  crossref missing$
-    { new.sentence              % jtb: start a new sentence for series/volume
-      format.bvolume output
-      new.block
-      format.number.series output
-      new.sentence
-      publisher "publisher" bibinfo.output.check
-      address "address" bibinfo.output.check    % jtb: require address
-      format.bookpages output
-      format.chapter.pages
-      "chapter and pages" output.check  % jtb: moved from before publisher
-    }
-    {
-      format.bookpages output
-      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
-      new.block
-      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
-    }
-  if$
-  fin.block
-  output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
-  fin.entry
-}
-
-FUNCTION { incollection }
-{
-  output.bibitem
-  format.authors "author" output.check
-  author format.key output       % added
-  output.year.check              % added
-  new.block
-  format.articletitle "title" output.check
-  new.block
-  crossref missing$
-    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
-      new.sentence                % jtb: start a new sentence for series/volume
-      format.bvolume output
-      format.number.series output
-      new.sentence
-      publisher "publisher" bibinfo.output.check
-      address "address" bibinfo.output.check      % jtb: require address
-      format.bookpages output
-      format.chapter.pages output % gnp - was special.output.nonnull
-                                  % left out comma before page numbers
-                                  % jtb: moved from before publisher
-    }
-    {
-      format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
-      format.chapter.pages output
-    }
-  if$
-  fin.block
-  output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
-  fin.entry
-}
-
-FUNCTION { inproceedings }
-{
-  output.bibitem
-  format.authors "author" output.check
-  author format.key output            % added
-  output.year.check                   % added
-  new.block
-  format.articletitle "title" output.check
-  howpublished empty.or.unknown
-    { }
-    { "\bibinfo{howpublished}{" howpublished "}" * * output.dot.space }
-  if$
-  crossref missing$
-    {
-      journal missing$          % jtb: proceedings appearing in journals
-        { format.in.emphasize.booktitle format.city "booktitle"  output.check.dot.space
-          format.series output.removenospace
-          format.editors.fml output % BV 2011/09/27 Moved dot to comma
-          format.bvolume.noseries output
-          new.sentence
-          organization output
-          publisher "publisher" bibinfo.output.check % jtb: require publisher (?)
-          address "address" bibinfo.output.check  % jtb: require address
-          format.bookpages output
-        }
-        {
-           format.in.booktitle format.city "booktitle" output.check
-           format.editors.fml output
-           new.sentence
-           format.journal.volume.number.day.month.year output
-        }
-      if$
-      format.articleno output
-      format.pages.check.without.articleno output
-    }
-    {
-      format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
-      format.articleno output
-      format.pages.check.without.articleno output
-    }
-  if$
-  format.articleno.numpages output
-  fin.block
-  output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
-  fin.entry
-}
-
-FUNCTION { conference } { inproceedings }
-
-FUNCTION { manual }
-{
-  output.bibitem
-  author empty.or.unknown
-    { editor empty.or.unknown
-      { organization "organization" output.check
-        organization format.key output }  % if all else fails, use key
-      { format.editors "author and editor" output.check }
-      if$
-    }
-    { format.authors output.nonnull }
-    if$
-  output.year.check                 % added
-  new.block
-  format.btitle "title" output.check
-  organization address new.block.checkb
-  % jtb: back to normal style: organization, address
-  organization "organization" output.check
-  address output
-  fin.block
-  output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
-  fin.entry
-}
-
-FUNCTION { mastersthesis }
-{
-  output.bibitem
-  format.authors "author" output.check
-  author format.key output          % added
-  output.year.check                 % added
-  new.block
-  format.title emphasize "title" output.check  % NB: ACM style requires emphasized thesis title
-  new.block
-  "\bibinfo{thesistype}{Master's\ thesis}" format.thesis.type output
-  new.sentence
-  school "school" bibinfo.output.check
-  address empty.or.unknown
-     { }
-     { "\bibinfo{address}{" address * "}" * output }
-  if$
-  new.block
-  format.advisor output
-  fin.block
-  output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
-  fin.entry
-}
-
-FUNCTION { misc }
-{
-  output.bibitem
-  format.authors output
-  author format.key output            % added
-  output.year.check                   % added
-  title howpublished new.block.checkb
-  format.title output
-  new.block
-  howpublished empty.or.unknown
-    { }
-    { "\bibinfo{howpublished}{" howpublished "}" * * output }
-  if$
-  "" output.nonnull.dot.space
-  output.day.month.year
-  calc.format.page.count output
-  fin.block
-  output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
-  fin.entry
-}
-
-FUNCTION { online } { misc }
-
-FUNCTION { game } { misc }
-
-
-FUNCTION { phdthesis }
-{
-  output.bibitem
-  format.authors "author" output.check
-  author format.key output          % added
-  output.year.check                 % added
-  new.block
-  format.title emphasize "title" output.check  % NB: ACM style requires emphasized thesis title
-  new.block
-  "\bibinfo{thesistype}{Ph.D. Dissertation}" format.thesis.type output
-  new.sentence
-  school "school" bibinfo.output.check
-  address empty.or.unknown
-     { }
-     { "\bibinfo{address}{" address * "}" * output }
-  if$
-  new.block
-  format.advisor output
-  fin.block
-  output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
-  fin.entry
-}
-
-FUNCTION {format.date}
-{ year empty.or.unknown
-    { month empty.or.unknown
-        {
-          ""                    % output empty date if year/month both empty
-          day empty.or.unknown
-            {  }
-            { "there's a day but no month or year in " cite$ * warning$ }
-          if$
-        }
-        { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$
-          month
-          day empty.or.unknown
-            { }
-            { " " * day * }
-          if$
-        }
-      if$
-    }
-    { month empty.or.unknown
-        {
-          year                  % output only year if month empty
-          day empty.or.unknown
-            {  }
-            { "there's a day and year but no month in " cite$ * warning$ }
-          if$
-        }
-        {
-          month " " *
-          day empty.or.unknown
-            { }
-            { day * ", " * }
-          if$
-          year *
-        }
-      if$
-    }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
-{
-  empty.or.unknown
-    'skip$
-    'new.block
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { periodical }
-{
-  output.bibitem
-  editor empty.or.unknown
-    { organization output }
-    { format.editors output.nonnull }
-  if$
-  new.block
-  output.year.check
-  new.sentence
-  format.articletitle "title" output.check
-  format.journal.volume.number.day.month.year output
-  calc.format.page.count output
-  fin.entry
-}
-
-FUNCTION { proceedings }
-{
-  output.bibitem
-  editor empty.or.unknown
-    { organization output
-      organization format.key output }  % gnp - changed from author format.key
-    { format.editors output.nonnull }
-  if$
-  % author format.key output             % gnp - removed (should be either
-  %                                        editor or organization
-  output.year.check                    % added (newapa)
-  new.block
-  format.btitle format.city "title" output.check        % jtb: added city
-  new.sentence
-  format.bvolume output
-  format.number.series output
-  new.sentence
-  organization output
-  % jtb: normal order: publisher, address
-  publisher empty.or.unknown
-     { }
-     { "\bibinfo{publisher}{" publisher * "}" * output }
-  if$
-  address empty.or.unknown
-     { }
-     { "\bibinfo{address}{" address * "}" * output }
-  if$
-  fin.block
-  output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
-  fin.entry
-}
-
-FUNCTION { techreport }
-{
-  output.bibitem
-  format.authors "author" output.check
-  author format.key output             % added
-  output.year.check                    % added
-  new.block
-  format.btitle "title" output.check
-  new.block
-%   format.tr.number output               % jtb: moved month ...
-  format.tr.number output new.sentence    % Gerry  - need dot 2011/09/28
-  institution "institution" bibinfo.output.check
-  address empty.or.unknown
-    { }
-    { "\bibinfo{address}{" address "}" * * output }
-  if$
-  new.sentence
-  format.named.pages output
-  % ACM omits year at end in transactions style
-  % format.day.month.year output.nonnull.dot.space  % jtb: ... to here (no parens)
-  fin.block
-  output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
-  fin.entry
-}
-
-FUNCTION { unpublished }
-{
-  output.bibitem
-  format.authors
-  "author" output.check
-  author format.key output              % added
-  output.year.check                     % added
-  new.block
-  format.title "title" output.check
-  fin.sentence
-  output.day.month.year                 % UTAH
-  calc.format.page.count output
-  fin.block
-  output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note.check
-  fin.entry
-}
-
-FUNCTION { default.type } { misc }
-
-%%% ACM journal-style month definitions: full name if 1--5 letters, else
-%%% abbreviation of 3 or 4 characters and a dot
-
-MACRO {jan}             {"Jan."}
-
-MACRO {feb}             {"Feb."}
-
-MACRO {mar}             {"March"}
-
-MACRO {apr}             {"April"}
-
-MACRO {may}             {"May"}
-
-MACRO {jun}             {"June"}
-
-MACRO {jul}             {"July"}
-
-MACRO {aug}             {"Aug."}
-
-MACRO {sep}             {"Sept."}
-
-MACRO {oct}             {"Oct."}
-
-MACRO {nov}             {"Nov."}
-
-MACRO {dec}             {"Dec."}
-
-
-%%% ====================================================================
-%%%                 I M P O R T A N T   C H A N G E
-%%%
-%%% For the 2009 release of the official acm-*.bst files, there are to
-%%% be NO predefined journal abbreviations in those style files.
-%%%
-%%% ACM may later develop an official list of mappings of full journal
-%%% names of commonly-cited journals to ACM-preferred abbreviations, but
-%%% authors should consider that use of any of these commented-out
-%%% abbreviations is DEPRECATED unless the BibTeX file itself provides
-%%% its own @String{name = "value"} definitions.
-%%%
-%%% Use of journal (and publisher and address) @String{...}
-%%% abbreviations, as opposed to explicit value assignments such as
-%%% journal = "J. ACM" and publisher = "IEEE", is preferred in
-%%% bibliographic databases, because it makes it easier for journal
-%%% production staff to replace those definitions by publisher-preferred
-%%% abbreviations when articles are typeset for publication.
-%%%
-%%% For historical reasons, and because some of these abbreviations are
-%%% used in other (non-ACM) bibliography style files, they are preserved
-%%% here in comments.  Future releases of the acm*-.bst files are likely
-%%% to remove them entirely.
-%%% ====================================================================
-%%%
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {acmcs}           {"ACM Comput. Surv."}                   % original BibTeX
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {acmlett}         {"ACM Lett. Program. Lang. Syst."}
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {acta}            {"Acta Inf."}                           % original BibTeX
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {ai}              {"Artificial Intelligence"}
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {al}              {"Ada Lett."}
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {acr}             {"Adv. Comput. Res."}
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {bit}             {"Bit"}
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {cacm}            {"Commun. ACM"}                         % original BibTeX
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {cj}              {"Comput. J."}
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {cn}              {"Comput. Netw."}
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {cl}              {"Comput. Lang."}
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {ibmjrd}          {"IBM J. Res. and Development"}         % original BibTeX
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {ibmsj}           {"IBM Systems Journal"}                 % original BibTeX
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {ict}             {"Inf. Contr."}
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {ieebcs}          {"IEE/BCS Softw. Eng. J."}
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {ieees}           {"IEEE Softw."}
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {ieeese}          {"IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng."}             % original BibTeX
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {ieeetc}          {"IEEE Trans. Comput."}                 % original BibTeX
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {ieeetcad}        {"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits"} % original BibTeX
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {ieeetpds}        {"IEEE Trans. Parall. Distrib. Syst."}
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {ieeetit}         {"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"}
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {ipl}             {"Inf. Process. Lett."}                 % original BibTeX
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {icp}             {"Inf. Comput."}
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {ist}             {"Inf. Softw. Tech."}
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {ijsa}            {"Int. J. Supercomput. Appl."}
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {ijpp}            {"Int. J. Parallel Program."}
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {jacm}            {"J. ACM"}                              % original BibTeX
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: % MACRO {jcss}          {"Journal of Computer and System Sciences"} % original BibTeX
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {jcss}            {"J. Comput. Syst. Sci."}               % original BibTeX
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {jlp}             {"J. Logic Program."}
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {jfp}             {"J. Funct. Program."}
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {jsmrp}           {"J. Softw. Maint. Res. Pract."}
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {jss}             {"J. Syst. Softw."}
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {jlc}             {"J. Logic and Comput."}
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {jlsc}            {"J. Lisp Symb. Comput."}
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {lpls}            {"Lett. Program. Lang. Syst."}
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {mor}             {"Math. Oper. Res."}
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {mscs}            {"Math. Struct. Comput. Sci."}
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {mst}             {"Math. Syst. Theor."}
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {ngc}             {"New Gen. Comput."}
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {scp}             {"Sci. Comput. Program."}               % original BibTeX
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {sicomp}          {"SIAM J. Comput."}                     % original BibTeX
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {spe}             {"Softw. Pract. Exper."}
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {tocs}            {"ACM Trans. Comput. Syst."}            % original BibTeX
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {tods}            {"ACM Trans. Database Syst."}           % original BibTeX
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {tog}             {"ACM Trans. Graphics"}                 % original BibTeX
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {toms}            {"ACM Trans. Math. Softw."}             % original BibTeX
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {toois}           {"ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst."}        % original BibTeX
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {toplas}          {"ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst."}     % original BibTeX
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {tcs}             {"Theor. Comput. Sci."}                 % original BibTeX
-%%% DEPRECATED:
-%%% DEPRECATED: MACRO {tr}              {"Tech. Rep."}
-%%% ====================================================================
-
-READ
-
-FUNCTION { sortify }
-{
-  purify$
-  "l" change.case$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { chop.word }
-{
-  's :=
-  'len :=
-  s #1 len substring$ =
-    { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
-    's
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { sort.format.names }
-{
-  's :=
-  #1 'nameptr :=
-  ""
-  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
-  numnames 'namesleft :=
-    { namesleft #0 > }
-    { nameptr #1 >
-          { "   " * }
-         'skip$
-      if$
-  %      s nameptr "{ff{ } }{ll{ }}{  vv{ }}{  jj{ }}" format.name$ 't :=
-      s nameptr "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{  f{ }}{  jj{ }}" format.name$ 't :=
-      nameptr numnames = t "others" = and
-          { " et~al" * }
-          { t sortify * }
-      if$
-      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
-      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
-    }
-  while$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { sort.format.title }
-{
-  't :=
-  "A " #2
-    "An " #3
-      "The " #4 t chop.word
-    chop.word
-  chop.word
-  sortify
-  #1 global.max$ substring$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { author.sort }
-{
-  author empty.or.unknown
-    { key empty.or.unknown
-         { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
-           "" }
-         { key sortify }
-      if$
-    }
-    { author sort.format.names }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { author.editor.sort }
-{
-  author empty.or.unknown
-    {
-      editor empty.or.unknown
-         {
-           key empty.or.unknown
-             { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
-               ""
-             }
-             { key sortify }
-           if$
-         }
-         { editor sort.format.names }
-      if$
-    }
-    { author sort.format.names }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { editor.organization.sort }
-{
-  % added - GNP. Stack editor or organization for sorting (from alpha.bst).
-  % Unlike alpha.bst, we need entire names, not abbreviations
-
-  editor empty.or.unknown
-    { organization empty.or.unknown
-        { key empty.or.unknown
-            { "to sort, need editor, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
-              ""
-            }
-            { key sortify }
-          if$
-        }
-        { organization sortify }
-      if$
-    }
-    { editor sort.format.names }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { author.editor.organization.sort }
-{
-  % added - GNP. Stack author or organization for sorting (from alpha.bst).
-  % Unlike alpha.bst, we need entire names, not abbreviations
-
-  author empty.or.unknown
-    {
-      editor empty.or.unknown
-        { organization empty.or.unknown
-            { key empty.or.unknown
-                { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
-                ""
-                }
-                { key sortify }
-              if$
-            }
-            { organization sortify }
-          if$
-        }
-        { editor sort.format.names }
-      if$
-    }
-    { author sort.format.names }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { presort }
-{
-  % Presort creates the bibentry's label via a call to calc.label, and then
-  % sorts the entries based on entry type. Chicago.bst adds support for
-  % including organizations as the sort key; the following is stolen from
-  % alpha.bst.
-
-  calc.label sortify % recalculate bibitem label
-  year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ * % add year
-  "    "
-  *
-  type$ "book" =
-  type$ "inbook" =
-  or
-  type$ "article" =
-  or
-    'author.editor.sort
-    { type$ "proceedings" =
-      type$ "periodical" =
-      or
-        'editor.organization.sort
-        { type$ "manual" =
-            'author.editor.organization.sort
-            'author.sort
-          if$
-        }
-      if$
-    }
-  if$
-  #1 entry.max$ substring$        % added for newapa
-  'sort.label :=                  % added for newapa
-  sort.label                      % added for newapa
-  *
-  "    "
-  *
-  title field.or.null
-  sort.format.title
-  *
-  #1 entry.max$ substring$
-  'sort.key$ :=
-}
-
-ITERATE { presort }
-
-SORT             % by label, year, author/editor, title
-
-FUNCTION { initialize.extra.label.stuff }
-{ #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=
-  "" 'next.extra :=
-  #0 'last.extra.num :=
-}
-
-FUNCTION { forward.pass }
-{
-  % Pass through all entries, comparing current entry to last one.
-  % Need to concatenate year to the stack (done by calc.label) to determine
-  % if two entries are the same (see presort)
-
-  last.label
-  % OLD:calc.label year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ * % add year
-  % NEW:
-  calc.basic.label year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ * % add year
-  #1 entry.max$ substring$ =     % are they equal?
-     { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
-       last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
-     }
-     { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
-       "" 'extra.label :=
-       % OLD: calc.label year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ * % add year
-       % NEW:
-       calc.basic.label year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ * % add year
-       #1 entry.max$ substring$ 'last.label := % assign to last.label
-     }
-  if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION { reverse.pass }
-{
-  next.extra "b" =
-    { "a" 'extra.label := }
-     'skip$
-  if$
-  label.year extra.label * 'sort.year :=
-  extra.label 'next.extra :=
-}
-
-EXECUTE {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
-
-ITERATE {forward.pass}
-
-REVERSE {reverse.pass}
-
-FUNCTION { bib.sort.order }
-{
-  sort.label
-  "    "
-  *
-  year field.or.null sortify
-  *
-  "    "
-  *
-  title field.or.null
-  sort.format.title
-  *
-  #1 entry.max$ substring$
-  'sort.key$ :=
-}
-
-ITERATE { bib.sort.order }
-
-SORT             % by sort.label, year, title --- giving final bib. order.
-
-FUNCTION { begin.bib }
-{
-  %% Set to #0 show 13-digit ISBN in preference to 10-digit ISBN.
-  %% Set to #1 to show both 10-digit and 13-digit ISBNs.
-  #1 'show-isbn-10-and-13 :=
-
-  "%%% -*-BibTeX-*-" writeln
-  "%%% Do NOT edit. File created by BibTeX with style" writeln
-  "%%% ACM-Reference-Format-Journals [18-Jan-2012]." writeln
-  "" writeln
-
-  preamble$ empty.or.unknown
-    'skip$
-    { preamble$ writeln }
-  if$
-  "\begin{thebibliography}{00}" writeln
-  ""                                                                         writeln
-  "%%% ====================================================================" writeln
-  "%%% NOTE TO THE USER: you can override these defaults by providing"       writeln
-  "%%% customized versions of any of these macros before the \bibliography"  writeln
-  "%%% command.  Each of them MUST provide its own final punctuation,"       writeln
-  "%%% except for \shownote{}, \showDOI{}, and \showURL{}.  The latter two"  writeln
-  "%%% do not use final punctuation, in order to avoid confusing it with"    writeln
-  "%%% the Web address."                                                     writeln
-  "%%%"                                                                      writeln
-  "%%% To suppress output of a particular field, define its macro to expand" writeln
-  "%%% to an empty string, or better, \unskip, like this:"                   writeln
-  "%%%"                                                                      writeln
-  "%%% \newcommand{\showDOI}[1]{\unskip}   % LaTeX syntax"                   writeln
-  "%%%"                                                                      writeln
-  "%%% \def \showDOI #1{\unskip}           % plain TeX syntax"               writeln
-  "%%%"                                                                      writeln
-  "%%% ====================================================================" writeln
-  ""                                                                         writeln
-
-  %% ACM publications do not use CODEN, ISSN, and LCCN data, so their default
-  %% macro wrappers expand to \unskip, discarding their values and unwanted
-  %% space.
-  %%
-  %% For other publications, prior definitions like these may be useful:
-  %%
-  %%     Plain TeX:
-  %%         \def \showCODEN     #1{CODEN #1.}
-  %%         \def \showISSN      #1{ISSN #1.}
-  %%         \def \showLCCN      #1{LCCN #1.}
-  %%
-  %%     LaTeX:
-  %%         \newcommand{\showCODEN}[1]{CODEN #1.}
-  %%         \newcommand{\showISSN}[1]#1{ISSN #1.}
-  %%         \newcommand{\showLCCN}[1]{LCCN #1.}
-
-  "\ifx \showCODEN    \undefined \def \showCODEN     #1{\unskip}     \fi" writeln
-  "\ifx \showDOI      \undefined \def \showDOI       #1{#1}\fi" writeln
-  % ACM styles omit ISBNs, but they can be included by suitable definitions of
-  % \showISBNx and \showISBNxiii before the .bbl file is read
-  "\ifx \showISBNx    \undefined \def \showISBNx     #1{\unskip}     \fi" writeln
-  "\ifx \showISBNxiii \undefined \def \showISBNxiii  #1{\unskip}     \fi" writeln
-  "\ifx \showISSN     \undefined \def \showISSN      #1{\unskip}     \fi" writeln
-  "\ifx \showLCCN     \undefined \def \showLCCN      #1{\unskip}     \fi" writeln
-  "\ifx \shownote     \undefined \def \shownote      #1{#1}          \fi" writeln % NB: final period supplied by add.period$ above
-  "\ifx \showarticletitle \undefined \def \showarticletitle #1{#1}   \fi" writeln
-  "\ifx \showURL      \undefined \def \showURL       {\relax}        \fi" writeln
-  "% The following commands are used for tagged output and should be " writeln
-  "% invisible to TeX" writeln
-  "\providecommand\bibfield[2]{#2}" writeln
-  "\providecommand\bibinfo[2]{#2}" writeln
-  "\providecommand\natexlab[1]{#1}" writeln
-  "\providecommand\showeprint[2][]{arXiv:#2}" writeln
-}
-
-EXECUTE {begin.bib}
-
-EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
-
-ITERATE {call.type$}
-
-FUNCTION { end.bib }
-{
-  newline$
-  "\end{thebibliography}"
-  writeln
-}
-
-EXECUTE {end.bib}