gloomberb 0.11.2 → 0.12.0

package/src/plugins/builtin/market-valuation/indicators.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,422 @@
+import { formatNumber } from "../../../utils/format";
+import type { IndicatorDef, SeriesDef, ShillerField } from "./defs";
+
+const DAY_MS = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
+const MILLIONS_TO_BILLIONS = 0.001;
+
+/** Z.1 lands ~10 weeks after quarter end, then holds until the next quarter's release. */
+const QUARTERLY_STALE_MS = 270 * DAY_MS;
+/** Shiller republishes monthly; two missed months means something is wrong. */
+const MONTHLY_STALE_MS = 75 * DAY_MS;
+const DAILY_STALE_MS = 5 * DAY_MS;
+
+function percent(value: number): string {
+  return `${Math.round(value)}%`;
+}
+
+function percentTenths(value: number): string {
+  return `${formatNumber(value, 1)}%`;
+}
+
+function ratio(value: number): string {
+  return formatNumber(value, 2);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Total US market value. FRED discontinued the WILL5000* family, so this comes
+ * from the cloud's own price history rather than the econ proxy.
+ */
+const WILSHIRE_5000: SeriesDef = {
+  key: "W5000",
+  scaleToBillions: 1,
+  source: {
+    kind: "market-history",
+    symbol: "^W5000",
+    exchange: "INDEX",
+    startDate: "1970-01-01",
+  },
+};
+
+const NOMINAL_GDP: SeriesDef = {
+  key: "GDP",
+  scaleToBillions: 1,
+  source: { kind: "fred", seriesId: "GDP", limit: 340 },
+};
+
+const M2: SeriesDef = {
+  key: "M2SL",
+  scaleToBillions: 1,
+  source: { kind: "fred", seriesId: "M2SL", limit: 900 },
+};
+
+function shillerSeries(key: string, field: ShillerField): SeriesDef {
+  return { key, scaleToBillions: 1, source: { kind: "shiller", field } };
+}
+
+export const BUFFETT_INDICATOR: IndicatorDef = {
+  id: "buffett",
+  label: "Buffett Indicator",
+  shortLabel: "Buffett",
+  description: "US total market cap over nominal GDP.",
+  input: {
+    kind: "ratio",
+    numerator: WILSHIRE_5000,
+    denominator: NOMINAL_GDP,
+    levels: { numeratorLabel: "Mkt cap", denominatorLabel: "GDP" },
+  },
+  ratioScale: 100,
+  formatValue: percent,
+  axisUnit: "%",
+  zones: [
+    { max: 75, id: "significantly-undervalued", label: "Significantly Undervalued" },
+    { max: 90, id: "modestly-undervalued", label: "Modestly Undervalued" },
+    { max: 115, id: "fair", label: "Fair Valued" },
+    { max: 135, id: "modestly-overvalued", label: "Modestly Overvalued" },
+    { max: null, id: "significantly-overvalued", label: "Significantly Overvalued" },
+  ],
+  zoneScale: { min: 0, max: 250, edges: [0, 75, 90, 115, 135, 250], ticks: [0, 75, 100, 135, 250] },
+  reference: { value: 100, label: "parity" },
+  chartGridStep: 150,
+  trendModel: "log",
+  staleAfterMs: DAILY_STALE_MS,
+  notes: [
+    "Total US market value against one year of economic output. Warren Buffett called it probably the best single measure of where valuations stand at any given moment, in a December 2001 Fortune essay written with Carol Loomis.",
+    "Rates, buybacks, and a larger listed share of the economy have all raised what fair looks like since 2001, so read the trend deviation alongside the absolute zone.",
+  ],
+  link: {
+    url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffett_indicator",
+    label: "Buffett indicator, Wikipedia",
+  },
+};
+
+export const TOBINS_Q: IndicatorDef = {
+  id: "tobins-q",
+  label: "Tobin's Q",
+  shortLabel: "Tobin Q",
+  description: "Corporate equity market value over replacement cost of net assets.",
+  input: {
+    kind: "ratio",
+    numerator: {
+      key: "NCBEILQ027S",
+      scaleToBillions: MILLIONS_TO_BILLIONS,
+      source: { kind: "fred", seriesId: "NCBEILQ027S", limit: 400 },
+    },
+    denominator: {
+      key: "TNWMVBSNNCB",
+      scaleToBillions: MILLIONS_TO_BILLIONS,
+      source: { kind: "fred", seriesId: "TNWMVBSNNCB", limit: 400 },
+    },
+    levels: { numeratorLabel: "Equities", denominatorLabel: "Net worth" },
+  },
+  ratioScale: 1,
+  formatValue: ratio,
+  axisUnit: "",
+  // Bands anchored on the 1945-2026 distribution: p25 0.54, median 0.93, p75 1.34.
+  zones: [
+    { max: 0.55, id: "significantly-undervalued", label: "Significantly Undervalued" },
+    { max: 0.8, id: "modestly-undervalued", label: "Modestly Undervalued" },
+    { max: 1.1, id: "fair", label: "Fair Valued" },
+    { max: 1.4, id: "modestly-overvalued", label: "Modestly Overvalued" },
+    { max: null, id: "significantly-overvalued", label: "Significantly Overvalued" },
+  ],
+  zoneScale: { min: 0, max: 2, edges: [0, 0.55, 0.8, 1.1, 1.4, 2], ticks: [0, 0.55, 1, 1.4, 2] },
+  reference: { value: 1, label: "replacement cost" },
+  chartGridStep: 0.5,
+  trendModel: "log",
+  staleAfterMs: QUARTERLY_STALE_MS,
+  notes: [
+    "Equity market value against what it would cost to rebuild the assets behind it. Q above 1 means the market pays more than replacement cost.",
+    "Built from the Fed's quarterly Z.1 financial accounts for nonfinancial corporate business, so it moves in quarterly steps and revises with each release.",
+  ],
+  link: { url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobin%27s_q", label: "Tobin's q, Wikipedia" },
+};
+
+export const SHILLER_CAPE: IndicatorDef = {
+  id: "shiller-cape",
+  label: "Shiller CAPE",
+  shortLabel: "CAPE",
+  description: "S&P 500 price over ten years of inflation-adjusted earnings.",
+  input: { kind: "direct", series: shillerSeries("SHILLER_CAPE", "cape") },
+  ratioScale: 1,
+  formatValue: (value) => formatNumber(value, 1),
+  axisUnit: "",
+  // Bands anchored on the 1881-2026 distribution: p25 12.0, median 16.6, p75 21.5.
+  zones: [
+    { max: 12, id: "significantly-undervalued", label: "Significantly Undervalued" },
+    { max: 15, id: "modestly-undervalued", label: "Modestly Undervalued" },
+    { max: 22, id: "fair", label: "Fair Valued" },
+    { max: 30, id: "modestly-overvalued", label: "Modestly Overvalued" },
+    { max: null, id: "significantly-overvalued", label: "Significantly Overvalued" },
+  ],
+  zoneScale: { min: 0, max: 45, edges: [0, 12, 15, 22, 30, 45], ticks: [0, 12, 22, 30, 45] },
+  reference: { value: 16.6, label: "median" },
+  chartGridStep: 10,
+  trendModel: "log",
+  staleAfterMs: MONTHLY_STALE_MS,
+  notes: [
+    "Price divided by the average of ten years of real earnings, which smooths away the profit cycle that makes a one-year P/E swing hardest exactly when it matters most.",
+    "Robert Shiller's series runs back to 1881. It has spent decades above its own median without mean-reverting, so treat it as a long-horizon return signal rather than a timing tool.",
+  ],
+  link: {
+    url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclically_adjusted_price-to-earnings_ratio",
+    label: "CAPE ratio, Wikipedia",
+  },
+};
+
+export const EXCESS_CAPE_YIELD: IndicatorDef = {
+  id: "excess-cape-yield",
+  label: "Excess CAPE Yield",
+  shortLabel: "ERP (ECY)",
+  description: "CAPE earnings yield over the real 10-year Treasury yield.",
+  input: { kind: "direct", series: shillerSeries("SHILLER_ECY", "excessCapeYield") },
+  // Shiller publishes it as a decimal fraction; show it as a percent.
+  ratioScale: 100,
+  formatValue: percentTenths,
+  axisUnit: "%",
+  // A high excess yield means stocks are paid well over bonds, so the bands run the
+  // opposite way to a price ratio. Anchored on p25 1.5%, median 3.3%, p75 6.6%.
+  zones: [
+    { max: 1.5, id: "significantly-overvalued", label: "Significantly Overvalued" },
+    { max: 2.5, id: "modestly-overvalued", label: "Modestly Overvalued" },
+    { max: 4.5, id: "fair", label: "Fair Valued" },
+    { max: 6.5, id: "modestly-undervalued", label: "Modestly Undervalued" },
+    { max: null, id: "significantly-undervalued", label: "Significantly Undervalued" },
+  ],
+  zoneScale: { min: -3, max: 12, edges: [-3, 1.5, 2.5, 4.5, 6.5, 12], ticks: [-3, 1.5, 4.5, 6.5, 12] },
+  reference: { value: 0, label: "no premium" },
+  chartGridStep: 5,
+  // The spread has been negative, so a log fit would silently drop those years.
+  trendModel: "linear",
+  staleAfterMs: MONTHLY_STALE_MS,
+  notes: [
+    "What stocks yield over inflation-protected bonds: the CAPE earnings yield minus the real ten-year Treasury yield. It is the equity risk premium in the form Shiller publishes.",
+    "Unlike a price ratio, higher is cheaper. It went negative before the 1929 and 2000 peaks, when bonds out-yielded stocks outright.",
+  ],
+  link: {
+    url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equity_premium_puzzle",
+    label: "Equity risk premium, Wikipedia",
+  },
+};
+
+export const SP500_DIVIDEND_YIELD: IndicatorDef = {
+  id: "sp500-dividend-yield",
+  label: "S&P 500 Dividend Yield",
+  shortLabel: "Div yield",
+  description: "Index dividend over index price.",
+  input: {
+    kind: "ratio",
+    numerator: shillerSeries("SHILLER_DIVIDEND", "dividend"),
+    denominator: shillerSeries("SHILLER_PRICE", "price"),
+  },
+  ratioScale: 100,
+  formatValue: percentTenths,
+  axisUnit: "%",
+  // Higher yield is cheaper, so the bands invert. Anchored on p25 3.0%, median 4.2%.
+  zones: [
+    { max: 2, id: "significantly-overvalued", label: "Significantly Overvalued" },
+    { max: 3, id: "modestly-overvalued", label: "Modestly Overvalued" },
+    { max: 5, id: "fair", label: "Fair Valued" },
+    { max: 6.5, id: "modestly-undervalued", label: "Modestly Undervalued" },
+    { max: null, id: "significantly-undervalued", label: "Significantly Undervalued" },
+  ],
+  zoneScale: { min: 0, max: 10, edges: [0, 2, 3, 5, 6.5, 10], ticks: [0, 2, 5, 6.5, 10] },
+  reference: { value: 4.2, label: "median" },
+  chartGridStep: 4,
+  trendModel: "log",
+  staleAfterMs: MONTHLY_STALE_MS,
+  notes: [
+    "What the index pays out against what it costs. Buybacks have moved a large share of shareholder return off this line since the 1980s, so the modern level is structurally lower than the pre-1990 record.",
+    "Read it against its own recent decades rather than the full history for that reason.",
+  ],
+  link: { url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dividend_yield", label: "Dividend yield, Wikipedia" },
+};
+
+export const HOUSEHOLD_EQUITY_ALLOCATION: IndicatorDef = {
+  id: "household-equity-allocation",
+  label: "Investor Equity Allocation",
+  shortLabel: "Equity alloc",
+  description: "Share of household financial assets held in equities.",
+  input: {
+    kind: "direct",
+    series: {
+      key: "BOGZ1FL153064486Q",
+      scaleToBillions: 1,
+      source: { kind: "fred", seriesId: "BOGZ1FL153064486Q", limit: 400 },
+    },
+  },
+  // FRED publishes it as a percentage already, so it needs no rescaling.
+  ratioScale: 1,
+  formatValue: percentTenths,
+  axisUnit: "%",
+  // Bands anchored on the 1945-2026 distribution: p25 17.7%, median 24.3%, p75 30.0%.
+  zones: [
+    { max: 18, id: "significantly-undervalued", label: "Significantly Undervalued" },
+    { max: 22, id: "modestly-undervalued", label: "Modestly Undervalued" },
+    { max: 28, id: "fair", label: "Fair Valued" },
+    { max: 34, id: "modestly-overvalued", label: "Modestly Overvalued" },
+    { max: null, id: "significantly-overvalued", label: "Significantly Overvalued" },
+  ],
+  zoneScale: { min: 0, max: 50, edges: [0, 18, 22, 28, 34, 50], ticks: [0, 18, 28, 34, 50] },
+  reference: { value: 24.3, label: "median" },
+  chartGridStep: 10,
+  trendModel: "log",
+  staleAfterMs: QUARTERLY_STALE_MS,
+  notes: [
+    "How much of what households own sits in stocks. When investors are already all-in there is little cash left to bid prices higher, which is why this has tracked ten-year forward returns more closely than any price ratio.",
+    "From the Fed's quarterly Z.1 accounts, counting equities held directly and through funds.",
+  ],
+  link: {
+    url: "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/BOGZ1FL153064486Q",
+    label: "Household equity share, FRED",
+  },
+};
+
+export const MARKET_CAP_TO_M2: IndicatorDef = {
+  id: "market-cap-m2",
+  label: "Market Cap to M2",
+  shortLabel: "Cap / M2",
+  description: "US total market cap against the money supply.",
+  input: {
+    kind: "ratio",
+    numerator: WILSHIRE_5000,
+    denominator: M2,
+    levels: { numeratorLabel: "Mkt cap", denominatorLabel: "M2" },
+  },
+  ratioScale: 100,
+  formatValue: percent,
+  axisUnit: "%",
+  // Bands anchored on the 1989-2026 distribution: p25 142%, median 180%, p75 206%.
+  zones: [
+    { max: 130, id: "significantly-undervalued", label: "Significantly Undervalued" },
+    { max: 160, id: "modestly-undervalued", label: "Modestly Undervalued" },
+    { max: 210, id: "fair", label: "Fair Valued" },
+    { max: 260, id: "modestly-overvalued", label: "Modestly Overvalued" },
+    { max: null, id: "significantly-overvalued", label: "Significantly Overvalued" },
+  ],
+  zoneScale: { min: 0, max: 350, edges: [0, 130, 160, 210, 260, 350], ticks: [0, 130, 210, 260, 350] },
+  reference: { value: 180, label: "median" },
+  chartGridStep: 100,
+  trendModel: "log",
+  staleAfterMs: DAILY_STALE_MS,
+  notes: [
+    "Market value measured against the money supply rather than output, which is the liquidity-adjusted read on the same question the Buffett indicator asks.",
+    "It falls when the Fed expands M2 faster than equities rise, so the 2020 surge shows up here as cheapening even while price ratios were climbing.",
+  ],
+  link: { url: "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/M2SL", label: "M2 money stock, FRED" },
+};
+
+export const MARGIN_DEBT_TO_GDP: IndicatorDef = {
+  id: "margin-debt-gdp",
+  label: "Margin Debt to GDP",
+  shortLabel: "Margin debt",
+  description: "Borrowing against securities, against the size of the economy.",
+  input: {
+    kind: "ratio",
+    numerator: {
+      key: "BOGZ1FL663067003Q",
+      scaleToBillions: MILLIONS_TO_BILLIONS,
+      source: { kind: "fred", seriesId: "BOGZ1FL663067003Q", limit: 400 },
+    },
+    denominator: NOMINAL_GDP,
+    levels: { numeratorLabel: "Margin debt", denominatorLabel: "GDP" },
+  },
+  ratioScale: 100,
+  formatValue: percentTenths,
+  axisUnit: "%",
+  // Bands anchored on the 1945-2026 distribution: p25 0.71%, median 0.92%, p75 1.40%.
+  zones: [
+    { max: 0.7, id: "significantly-undervalued", label: "Significantly Undervalued" },
+    { max: 0.9, id: "modestly-undervalued", label: "Modestly Undervalued" },
+    { max: 1.4, id: "fair", label: "Fair Valued" },
+    { max: 1.8, id: "modestly-overvalued", label: "Modestly Overvalued" },
+    { max: null, id: "significantly-overvalued", label: "Significantly Overvalued" },
+  ],
+  zoneScale: { min: 0, max: 3, edges: [0, 0.7, 0.9, 1.4, 1.8, 3], ticks: [0, 0.9, 1.4, 1.8, 3] },
+  reference: { value: 0.92, label: "median" },
+  chartGridStep: 1,
+  trendModel: "log",
+  staleAfterMs: QUARTERLY_STALE_MS,
+  notes: [
+    "How much investors have borrowed against their holdings. Leverage is what turns a decline into forced selling, so it is froth rather than value, but it peaks where valuations do.",
+    "Its two highest readings are the first quarter of 2000 and the third of 2008. From the Fed's Z.1 accounts, which reach further back than FINRA's own margin table.",
+  ],
+  link: {
+    url: "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/BOGZ1FL663067003Q",
+    label: "Margin account receivables, FRED",
+  },
+};
+
+export const MARKET_CAP_TO_PROFITS: IndicatorDef = {
+  id: "market-cap-profits",
+  label: "Market Cap to Corporate Profits",
+  shortLabel: "Cap / profits",
+  description: "US total market cap over after-tax corporate profits.",
+  input: {
+    kind: "ratio",
+    numerator: WILSHIRE_5000,
+    denominator: {
+      key: "CPROFIT",
+      scaleToBillions: 1,
+      source: { kind: "fred", seriesId: "CPROFIT", limit: 400 },
+    },
+    levels: { numeratorLabel: "Mkt cap", denominatorLabel: "Profits" },
+  },
+  ratioScale: 1,
+  formatValue: (value) => formatNumber(value, 1),
+  axisUnit: "",
+  // Bands anchored on the 1989-2026 distribution: p25 7.9, median 9.1, p75 12.3.
+  zones: [
+    { max: 8, id: "significantly-undervalued", label: "Significantly Undervalued" },
+    { max: 9, id: "modestly-undervalued", label: "Modestly Undervalued" },
+    { max: 12, id: "fair", label: "Fair Valued" },
+    { max: 15, id: "modestly-overvalued", label: "Modestly Overvalued" },
+    { max: null, id: "significantly-overvalued", label: "Significantly Overvalued" },
+  ],
+  zoneScale: { min: 0, max: 20, edges: [0, 8, 9, 12, 15, 20], ticks: [0, 9, 12, 15, 20] },
+  reference: { value: 9.1, label: "median" },
+  chartGridStep: 5,
+  trendModel: "log",
+  staleAfterMs: DAILY_STALE_MS,
+  notes: [
+    "A price-to-earnings ratio for the whole economy rather than the index, using what every US corporation actually earned after tax.",
+    "Profits are near a record share of GDP, so this asks whether the market is dear even against unusually good earnings. Its highest reading is March 2000.",
+  ],
+  link: {
+    url: "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CPROFIT",
+    label: "Corporate profits after tax, FRED",
+  },
+};
+
+export const INDICATORS: readonly IndicatorDef[] = [
+  BUFFETT_INDICATOR,
+  SHILLER_CAPE,
+  EXCESS_CAPE_YIELD,
+  TOBINS_Q,
+  HOUSEHOLD_EQUITY_ALLOCATION,
+  SP500_DIVIDEND_YIELD,
+  MARGIN_DEBT_TO_GDP,
+  MARKET_CAP_TO_PROFITS,
+  MARKET_CAP_TO_M2,
+];
+
+export const DEFAULT_INDICATOR_ID = BUFFETT_INDICATOR.id;
+
+export function findIndicator(id: string | null | undefined): IndicatorDef {
+  const normalized = id?.trim().toLowerCase();
+  return INDICATORS.find((entry) => entry.id === normalized) ?? BUFFETT_INDICATOR;
+}
+
+/** Resolves shortcut arguments like `VAL cape` or `VAL buffett` onto an indicator. */
+export function resolveIndicatorArg(arg: string | null | undefined): IndicatorDef | null {
+  const query = arg?.trim().toLowerCase();
+  if (!query) return null;
+  const direct = INDICATORS.find((entry) => entry.id === query);
+  if (direct) return direct;
+  return INDICATORS.find((entry) =>
+    entry.shortLabel.toLowerCase() === query
+    || entry.label.toLowerCase() === query
+    || entry.id.startsWith(query)
+    || entry.label.toLowerCase().startsWith(query)
+    || entry.shortLabel.toLowerCase().startsWith(query)
+  ) ?? null;
+}