eslint 8.57.1 → 9.39.1

package/lib/eslint/eslint-helpers.js

@@ -9,15 +9,19 @@
 // Requirements
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-const path = require("path");
-const fs = require("fs");
+const path = require("node:path");
+const fs = require("node:fs");
+const { isMainThread, threadId } = require("node:worker_threads");
 const fsp = fs.promises;
 const isGlob = require("is-glob");
 const hash = require("../cli-engine/hash");
 const minimatch = require("minimatch");
-const fswalk = require("@nodelib/fs.walk");
 const globParent = require("glob-parent");
-const isPathInside = require("is-path-inside");
+const { Linter } = require("../linter");
+const { getShorthandName } = require("../shared/naming");
+const LintResultCache = require("../cli-engine/lint-result-cache");
+const { ConfigLoader, LegacyConfigLoader } = require("../config/config-loader");
+const createDebug = require("debug");
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Fixup references
@@ -25,11 +29,25 @@ const isPathInside = require("is-path-inside");
 
 const Minimatch = minimatch.Minimatch;
 const MINIMATCH_OPTIONS = { dot: true };
+const hrtimeBigint = process.hrtime.bigint;
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Types
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+/**
+ * @import { ESLintOptions } from "./eslint.js";
+ * @import { Config as CalculatedConfig } from "../config/config.js";
+ * @import { FlatConfigArray } from "../config/flat-config-array.js";
+ * @import { WarningService } from "../services/warning-service.js";
+ * @import { Retrier } from "@humanwhocodes/retry";
+ */
+
+/** @typedef {import("../types").Linter.Config} Config */
+/** @typedef {import("../types").Linter.LintMessage} LintMessage */
+/** @typedef {import("../types").ESLint.LintResult} LintResult */
+/** @typedef {import("../types").ESLint.Plugin} Plugin */
+
 /**
  * @typedef {Object} GlobSearch
  * @property {Array<string>} patterns The normalized patterns to use for a search.
@@ -37,6 +55,18 @@ const MINIMATCH_OPTIONS = { dot: true };
  *      before doing any normalization.
  */
 
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Debug Helpers
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Add %t formatter to print bigint nanosecond times in milliseconds.
+createDebug.formatters.t = timeDiff =>
+	`${(timeDiff + 500_000n) / 1_000_000n} ms`;
+
+const debug = createDebug(
+	`eslint:eslint-helpers${isMainThread ? "" : `:thread-${threadId}`}`,
+);
+
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Errors
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -45,78 +75,99 @@ const MINIMATCH_OPTIONS = { dot: true };
  * The error type when no files match a glob.
  */
 class NoFilesFoundError extends Error {
-
-    /**
-     * @param {string} pattern The glob pattern which was not found.
-     * @param {boolean} globEnabled If `false` then the pattern was a glob pattern, but glob was disabled.
-     */
-    constructor(pattern, globEnabled) {
-        super(`No files matching '${pattern}' were found${!globEnabled ? " (glob was disabled)" : ""}.`);
-        this.messageTemplate = "file-not-found";
-        this.messageData = { pattern, globDisabled: !globEnabled };
-    }
+	/**
+	 * @param {string} pattern The glob pattern which was not found.
+	 * @param {boolean} globEnabled If `false` then the pattern was a glob pattern, but glob was disabled.
+	 */
+	constructor(pattern, globEnabled) {
+		super(
+			`No files matching '${pattern}' were found${!globEnabled ? " (glob was disabled)" : ""}.`,
+		);
+		this.messageTemplate = "file-not-found";
+		this.messageData = { pattern, globDisabled: !globEnabled };
+	}
 }
 
 /**
  * The error type when a search fails to match multiple patterns.
  */
 class UnmatchedSearchPatternsError extends Error {
-
-    /**
-     * @param {Object} options The options for the error.
-     * @param {string} options.basePath The directory that was searched.
-     * @param {Array<string>} options.unmatchedPatterns The glob patterns
-     *      which were not found.
-     * @param {Array<string>} options.patterns The glob patterns that were
-     *      searched.
-     * @param {Array<string>} options.rawPatterns The raw glob patterns that
-     *      were searched.
-     */
-    constructor({ basePath, unmatchedPatterns, patterns, rawPatterns }) {
-        super(`No files matching '${rawPatterns}' in '${basePath}' were found.`);
-        this.basePath = basePath;
-        this.unmatchedPatterns = unmatchedPatterns;
-        this.patterns = patterns;
-        this.rawPatterns = rawPatterns;
-    }
+	/**
+	 * @param {Object} options The options for the error.
+	 * @param {string} options.basePath The directory that was searched.
+	 * @param {Array<string>} options.unmatchedPatterns The glob patterns
+	 *      which were not found.
+	 * @param {Array<string>} options.patterns The glob patterns that were
+	 *      searched.
+	 * @param {Array<string>} options.rawPatterns The raw glob patterns that
+	 *      were searched.
+	 */
+	constructor({ basePath, unmatchedPatterns, patterns, rawPatterns }) {
+		super(
+			`No files matching '${rawPatterns}' in '${basePath}' were found.`,
+		);
+		this.basePath = basePath;
+		this.unmatchedPatterns = unmatchedPatterns;
+		this.patterns = patterns;
+		this.rawPatterns = rawPatterns;
+	}
 }
 
 /**
  * The error type when there are files matched by a glob, but all of them have been ignored.
  */
 class AllFilesIgnoredError extends Error {
-
-    /**
-     * @param {string} pattern The glob pattern which was not found.
-     */
-    constructor(pattern) {
-        super(`All files matched by '${pattern}' are ignored.`);
-        this.messageTemplate = "all-files-ignored";
-        this.messageData = { pattern };
-    }
+	/**
+	 * @param {string} pattern The glob pattern which was not found.
+	 */
+	constructor(pattern) {
+		super(`All files matched by '${pattern}' are ignored.`);
+		this.messageTemplate = "all-matched-files-ignored";
+		this.messageData = { pattern };
+	}
 }
 
-
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // General Helpers
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 /**
  * Check if a given value is a non-empty string or not.
- * @param {any} x The value to check.
- * @returns {boolean} `true` if `x` is a non-empty string.
+ * @param {any} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} `true` if `value` is a non-empty string.
  */
-function isNonEmptyString(x) {
-    return typeof x === "string" && x.trim() !== "";
+function isNonEmptyString(value) {
+	return typeof value === "string" && value.trim() !== "";
 }
 
 /**
  * Check if a given value is an array of non-empty strings or not.
- * @param {any} x The value to check.
- * @returns {boolean} `true` if `x` is an array of non-empty strings.
+ * @param {any} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} `true` if `value` is an array of non-empty strings.
+ */
+function isArrayOfNonEmptyString(value) {
+	return (
+		Array.isArray(value) && !!value.length && value.every(isNonEmptyString)
+	);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if a given value is an empty array or an array of non-empty strings.
+ * @param {any} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} `true` if `value` is an empty array or an array of non-empty
+ *      strings.
+ */
+function isEmptyArrayOrArrayOfNonEmptyString(value) {
+	return Array.isArray(value) && value.every(isNonEmptyString);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if a given value is a positive integer.
+ * @param {unknown} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} `true` if `value` is a positive integer.
  */
-function isArrayOfNonEmptyString(x) {
-    return Array.isArray(x) && x.every(isNonEmptyString);
+function isPositiveInteger(value) {
+	return Number.isInteger(value) && value > 0;
 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -129,7 +180,7 @@ function isArrayOfNonEmptyString(x) {
  * @returns {string} The pattern with slashes normalized.
  */
 function normalizeToPosix(pattern) {
-    return pattern.replace(/\\/gu, "/");
+	return pattern.replace(/\\/gu, "/");
 }
 
 /**
@@ -138,70 +189,51 @@ function normalizeToPosix(pattern) {
  * @returns {boolean} `true` if the string is a glob pattern.
  */
 function isGlobPattern(pattern) {
-    return isGlob(path.sep === "\\" ? normalizeToPosix(pattern) : pattern);
+	return isGlob(path.sep === "\\" ? normalizeToPosix(pattern) : pattern);
 }
 
-
 /**
  * Determines if a given glob pattern will return any results.
  * Used primarily to help with useful error messages.
  * @param {Object} options The options for the function.
  * @param {string} options.basePath The directory to search.
- * @param {string} options.pattern A glob pattern to match.
+ * @param {string} options.pattern An absolute path glob pattern to match.
  * @returns {Promise<boolean>} True if there is a glob match, false if not.
  */
-function globMatch({ basePath, pattern }) {
-
-    let found = false;
-    const patternToUse = path.isAbsolute(pattern)
-        ? normalizeToPosix(path.relative(basePath, pattern))
-        : pattern;
-
-    const matcher = new Minimatch(patternToUse, MINIMATCH_OPTIONS);
-
-    const fsWalkSettings = {
-
-        deepFilter(entry) {
-            const relativePath = normalizeToPosix(path.relative(basePath, entry.path));
-
-            return !found && matcher.match(relativePath, true);
-        },
-
-        entryFilter(entry) {
-            if (found || entry.dirent.isDirectory()) {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            const relativePath = normalizeToPosix(path.relative(basePath, entry.path));
-
-            if (matcher.match(relativePath)) {
-                found = true;
-                return true;
-            }
-
-            return false;
-        }
-    };
-
-    return new Promise(resolve => {
-
-        // using a stream so we can exit early because we just need one match
-        const globStream = fswalk.walkStream(basePath, fsWalkSettings);
-
-        globStream.on("data", () => {
-            globStream.destroy();
-            resolve(true);
-        });
-
-        // swallow errors as they're not important here
-        globStream.on("error", () => { });
-
-        globStream.on("end", () => {
-            resolve(false);
-        });
-        globStream.read();
-    });
-
+async function globMatch({ basePath, pattern }) {
+	let found = false;
+	const { hfs } = await import("@humanfs/node");
+	const patternToUse = normalizeToPosix(path.relative(basePath, pattern));
+
+	const matcher = new Minimatch(patternToUse, MINIMATCH_OPTIONS);
+
+	const walkSettings = {
+		directoryFilter(entry) {
+			return !found && matcher.match(entry.path, true);
+		},
+
+		entryFilter(entry) {
+			if (found || entry.isDirectory) {
+				return false;
+			}
+
+			if (matcher.match(entry.path)) {
+				found = true;
+				return true;
+			}
+
+			return false;
+		},
+	};
+
+	if (await hfs.isDirectory(basePath)) {
+		return hfs
+			.walk(basePath, walkSettings)
+			.next()
+			.then(() => found);
+	}
+
+	return found;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -211,11 +243,11 @@ function globMatch({ basePath, pattern }) {
  * ESLint.
  * @param {Object} options The options for this function.
  * @param {string} options.basePath The directory to search.
- * @param {Array<string>} options.patterns An array of glob patterns
+ * @param {Array<string>} options.patterns An array of absolute path glob patterns
  *      to match.
  * @param {Array<string>} options.rawPatterns An array of glob patterns
  *      as the user inputted them. Used for errors.
- * @param {FlatConfigArray} options.configs The config array to use for
+ * @param {ConfigLoader|LegacyConfigLoader} options.configLoader The config array to use for
  *      determining what to ignore.
  * @param {boolean} options.errorOnUnmatchedPattern Determines if an error
  *      should be thrown when a pattern is unmatched.
@@ -225,150 +257,128 @@ function globMatch({ basePath, pattern }) {
  *      match any files.
  */
 async function globSearch({
-    basePath,
-    patterns,
-    rawPatterns,
-    configs,
-    errorOnUnmatchedPattern
+	basePath,
+	patterns,
+	rawPatterns,
+	configLoader,
+	errorOnUnmatchedPattern,
 }) {
-
-    if (patterns.length === 0) {
-        return [];
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * In this section we are converting the patterns into Minimatch
-     * instances for performance reasons. Because we are doing the same
-     * matches repeatedly, it's best to compile those patterns once and
-     * reuse them multiple times.
-     *
-     * To do that, we convert any patterns with an absolute path into a
-     * relative path and normalize it to Posix-style slashes. We also keep
-     * track of the relative patterns to map them back to the original
-     * patterns, which we need in order to throw an error if there are any
-     * unmatched patterns.
-     */
-    const relativeToPatterns = new Map();
-    const matchers = patterns.map((pattern, i) => {
-        const patternToUse = path.isAbsolute(pattern)
-            ? normalizeToPosix(path.relative(basePath, pattern))
-            : pattern;
-
-        relativeToPatterns.set(patternToUse, patterns[i]);
-
-        return new Minimatch(patternToUse, MINIMATCH_OPTIONS);
-    });
-
-    /*
-     * We track unmatched patterns because we may want to throw an error when
-     * they occur. To start, this set is initialized with all of the patterns.
-     * Every time a match occurs, the pattern is removed from the set, making
-     * it easy to tell if we have any unmatched patterns left at the end of
-     * search.
-     */
-    const unmatchedPatterns = new Set([...relativeToPatterns.keys()]);
-
-    const filePaths = (await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
-
-        let promiseRejected = false;
-
-        /**
-         * Wraps a boolean-returning filter function. The wrapped function will reject the promise if an error occurs.
-         * @param {Function} filter A filter function to wrap.
-         * @returns {Function} A function similar to the wrapped filter that rejects the promise if an error occurs.
-         */
-        function wrapFilter(filter) {
-            return (...args) => {
-
-                // No need to run the filter if an error has been thrown.
-                if (!promiseRejected) {
-                    try {
-                        return filter(...args);
-                    } catch (error) {
-                        promiseRejected = true;
-                        reject(error);
-                    }
-                }
-                return false;
-            };
-        }
-
-        fswalk.walk(
-            basePath,
-            {
-                deepFilter: wrapFilter(entry => {
-                    const relativePath = normalizeToPosix(path.relative(basePath, entry.path));
-                    const matchesPattern = matchers.some(matcher => matcher.match(relativePath, true));
-
-                    return matchesPattern && !configs.isDirectoryIgnored(entry.path);
-                }),
-                entryFilter: wrapFilter(entry => {
-                    const relativePath = normalizeToPosix(path.relative(basePath, entry.path));
-
-                    // entries may be directories or files so filter out directories
-                    if (entry.dirent.isDirectory()) {
-                        return false;
-                    }
-
-                    /*
-                     * Optimization: We need to track when patterns are left unmatched
-                     * and so we use `unmatchedPatterns` to do that. There is a bit of
-                     * complexity here because the same file can be matched by more than
-                     * one pattern. So, when we start, we actually need to test every
-                     * pattern against every file. Once we know there are no remaining
-                     * unmatched patterns, then we can switch to just looking for the
-                     * first matching pattern for improved speed.
-                     */
-                    const matchesPattern = unmatchedPatterns.size > 0
-                        ? matchers.reduce((previousValue, matcher) => {
-                            const pathMatches = matcher.match(relativePath);
-
-                            /*
-                             * We updated the unmatched patterns set only if the path
-                             * matches and the file isn't ignored. If the file is
-                             * ignored, that means there wasn't a match for the
-                             * pattern so it should not be removed.
-                             *
-                             * Performance note: isFileIgnored() aggressively caches
-                             * results so there is no performance penalty for calling
-                             * it twice with the same argument.
-                             */
-                            if (pathMatches && !configs.isFileIgnored(entry.path)) {
-                                unmatchedPatterns.delete(matcher.pattern);
-                            }
-
-                            return pathMatches || previousValue;
-                        }, false)
-                        : matchers.some(matcher => matcher.match(relativePath));
-
-                    return matchesPattern && !configs.isFileIgnored(entry.path);
-                })
-            },
-            (error, entries) => {
-
-                // If the promise is already rejected, calling `resolve` or `reject` will do nothing.
-                if (error) {
-                    reject(error);
-                } else {
-                    resolve(entries);
-                }
-            }
-        );
-    })).map(entry => entry.path);
-
-    // now check to see if we have any unmatched patterns
-    if (errorOnUnmatchedPattern && unmatchedPatterns.size > 0) {
-        throw new UnmatchedSearchPatternsError({
-            basePath,
-            unmatchedPatterns: [...unmatchedPatterns].map(
-                pattern => relativeToPatterns.get(pattern)
-            ),
-            patterns,
-            rawPatterns
-        });
-    }
-
-    return filePaths;
+	if (patterns.length === 0) {
+		return [];
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * In this section we are converting the patterns into Minimatch
+	 * instances for performance reasons. Because we are doing the same
+	 * matches repeatedly, it's best to compile those patterns once and
+	 * reuse them multiple times.
+	 *
+	 * To do that, we convert any patterns with an absolute path into a
+	 * relative path and normalize it to Posix-style slashes. We also keep
+	 * track of the relative patterns to map them back to the original
+	 * patterns, which we need in order to throw an error if there are any
+	 * unmatched patterns.
+	 */
+	const relativeToPatterns = new Map();
+	const matchers = patterns.map((pattern, i) => {
+		const patternToUse = normalizeToPosix(path.relative(basePath, pattern));
+
+		relativeToPatterns.set(patternToUse, patterns[i]);
+
+		return new Minimatch(patternToUse, MINIMATCH_OPTIONS);
+	});
+
+	/*
+	 * We track unmatched patterns because we may want to throw an error when
+	 * they occur. To start, this set is initialized with all of the patterns.
+	 * Every time a match occurs, the pattern is removed from the set, making
+	 * it easy to tell if we have any unmatched patterns left at the end of
+	 * search.
+	 */
+	const unmatchedPatterns = new Set([...relativeToPatterns.keys()]);
+	const { hfs } = await import("@humanfs/node");
+
+	const walk = hfs.walk(basePath, {
+		async directoryFilter(entry) {
+			if (!matchers.some(matcher => matcher.match(entry.path, true))) {
+				return false;
+			}
+
+			const absolutePath = path.resolve(basePath, entry.path);
+			const configs =
+				await configLoader.loadConfigArrayForDirectory(absolutePath);
+
+			return !configs.isDirectoryIgnored(absolutePath);
+		},
+		async entryFilter(entry) {
+			const absolutePath = path.resolve(basePath, entry.path);
+
+			// entries may be directories or files so filter out directories
+			if (entry.isDirectory) {
+				return false;
+			}
+
+			const configs =
+				await configLoader.loadConfigArrayForFile(absolutePath);
+			const config = configs.getConfig(absolutePath);
+
+			/*
+			 * Optimization: We need to track when patterns are left unmatched
+			 * and so we use `unmatchedPatterns` to do that. There is a bit of
+			 * complexity here because the same file can be matched by more than
+			 * one pattern. So, when we start, we actually need to test every
+			 * pattern against every file. Once we know there are no remaining
+			 * unmatched patterns, then we can switch to just looking for the
+			 * first matching pattern for improved speed.
+			 */
+			const matchesPattern =
+				unmatchedPatterns.size > 0
+					? matchers.reduce((previousValue, matcher) => {
+							const pathMatches = matcher.match(entry.path);
+
+							/*
+							 * We updated the unmatched patterns set only if the path
+							 * matches and the file has a config. If the file has no
+							 * config, that means there wasn't a match for the
+							 * pattern so it should not be removed.
+							 *
+							 * Performance note: `getConfig()` aggressively caches
+							 * results so there is no performance penalty for calling
+							 * it multiple times with the same argument.
+							 */
+							if (pathMatches && config) {
+								unmatchedPatterns.delete(matcher.pattern);
+							}
+
+							return pathMatches || previousValue;
+						}, false)
+					: matchers.some(matcher => matcher.match(entry.path));
+
+			return matchesPattern && config !== void 0;
+		},
+	});
+
+	const filePaths = [];
+
+	if (await hfs.isDirectory(basePath)) {
+		for await (const entry of walk) {
+			filePaths.push(path.resolve(basePath, entry.path));
+		}
+	}
+
+	// now check to see if we have any unmatched patterns
+	if (errorOnUnmatchedPattern && unmatchedPatterns.size > 0) {
+		throw new UnmatchedSearchPatternsError({
+			basePath,
+			unmatchedPatterns: [...unmatchedPatterns].map(pattern =>
+				relativeToPatterns.get(pattern),
+			),
+			patterns,
+			rawPatterns,
+		});
+	}
+
+	return filePaths;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -380,112 +390,113 @@ async function globSearch({
  *      that were used in the original search.
  * @param {Array<string>} options.rawPatterns An array of glob patterns
  *      as the user inputted them. Used for errors.
- * @param {Array<string>} options.unmatchedPatterns A non-empty array of glob patterns
+ * @param {Array<string>} options.unmatchedPatterns A non-empty array of absolute path glob patterns
  *      that were unmatched in the original search.
- * @returns {void} Always throws an error.
+ * @returns {Promise<never>} Always throws an error.
  * @throws {NoFilesFoundError} If the first unmatched pattern
  *      doesn't match any files even when there are no ignores.
  * @throws {AllFilesIgnoredError} If the first unmatched pattern
  *      matches some files when there are no ignores.
  */
 async function throwErrorForUnmatchedPatterns({
-    basePath,
-    patterns,
-    rawPatterns,
-    unmatchedPatterns
+	basePath,
+	patterns,
+	rawPatterns,
+	unmatchedPatterns,
 }) {
+	const pattern = unmatchedPatterns[0];
+	const rawPattern = rawPatterns[patterns.indexOf(pattern)];
 
-    const pattern = unmatchedPatterns[0];
-    const rawPattern = rawPatterns[patterns.indexOf(pattern)];
+	const patternHasMatch = await globMatch({
+		basePath,
+		pattern,
+	});
 
-    const patternHasMatch = await globMatch({
-        basePath,
-        pattern
-    });
+	if (patternHasMatch) {
+		throw new AllFilesIgnoredError(rawPattern);
+	}
 
-    if (patternHasMatch) {
-        throw new AllFilesIgnoredError(rawPattern);
-    }
-
-    // if we get here there are truly no matches
-    throw new NoFilesFoundError(rawPattern, true);
+	// if we get here there are truly no matches
+	throw new NoFilesFoundError(rawPattern, true);
 }
 
 /**
  * Performs multiple glob searches in parallel.
  * @param {Object} options The options for this function.
  * @param {Map<string,GlobSearch>} options.searches
- *      An array of glob patterns to match.
- * @param {FlatConfigArray} options.configs The config array to use for
+ *      A map of absolute path glob patterns to match.
+ * @param {ConfigLoader|LegacyConfigLoader} options.configLoader The config loader to use for
  *      determining what to ignore.
  * @param {boolean} options.errorOnUnmatchedPattern Determines if an
  *      unmatched glob pattern should throw an error.
  * @returns {Promise<Array<string>>} An array of matching file paths
  *      or an empty array if there are no matches.
  */
-async function globMultiSearch({ searches, configs, errorOnUnmatchedPattern }) {
-
-    /*
-     * For convenience, we normalized the search map into an array of objects.
-     * Next, we filter out all searches that have no patterns. This happens
-     * primarily for the cwd, which is prepopulated in the searches map as an
-     * optimization. However, if it has no patterns, it means all patterns
-     * occur outside of the cwd and we can safely filter out that search.
-     */
-    const normalizedSearches = [...searches].map(
-        ([basePath, { patterns, rawPatterns }]) => ({ basePath, patterns, rawPatterns })
-    ).filter(({ patterns }) => patterns.length > 0);
-
-    const results = await Promise.allSettled(
-        normalizedSearches.map(
-            ({ basePath, patterns, rawPatterns }) => globSearch({
-                basePath,
-                patterns,
-                rawPatterns,
-                configs,
-                errorOnUnmatchedPattern
-            })
-        )
-    );
-
-    const filePaths = [];
-
-    for (let i = 0; i < results.length; i++) {
-
-        const result = results[i];
-        const currentSearch = normalizedSearches[i];
-
-        if (result.status === "fulfilled") {
-
-            // if the search was successful just add the results
-            if (result.value.length > 0) {
-                filePaths.push(...result.value);
-            }
-
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        // if we make it here then there was an error
-        const error = result.reason;
-
-        // unexpected errors should be re-thrown
-        if (!error.basePath) {
-            throw error;
-        }
-
-        if (errorOnUnmatchedPattern) {
-
-            await throwErrorForUnmatchedPatterns({
-                ...currentSearch,
-                unmatchedPatterns: error.unmatchedPatterns
-            });
-
-        }
-
-    }
-
-    return filePaths;
-
+async function globMultiSearch({
+	searches,
+	configLoader,
+	errorOnUnmatchedPattern,
+}) {
+	/*
+	 * For convenience, we normalized the search map into an array of objects.
+	 * Next, we filter out all searches that have no patterns. This happens
+	 * primarily for the cwd, which is prepopulated in the searches map as an
+	 * optimization. However, if it has no patterns, it means all patterns
+	 * occur outside of the cwd and we can safely filter out that search.
+	 */
+	const normalizedSearches = [...searches]
+		.map(([basePath, { patterns, rawPatterns }]) => ({
+			basePath,
+			patterns,
+			rawPatterns,
+		}))
+		.filter(({ patterns }) => patterns.length > 0);
+
+	const results = await Promise.allSettled(
+		normalizedSearches.map(({ basePath, patterns, rawPatterns }) =>
+			globSearch({
+				basePath,
+				patterns,
+				rawPatterns,
+				configLoader,
+				errorOnUnmatchedPattern,
+			}),
+		),
+	);
+
+	/*
+	 * The first loop handles errors from the glob searches. Since we can't
+	 * use `await` inside `flatMap`, we process errors separately in this loop.
+	 * This results in two iterations over `results`, but since the length is
+	 * less than or equal to the number of globs and directories passed on the
+	 * command line, the performance impact should be minimal.
+	 */
+	for (let i = 0; i < results.length; i++) {
+		const result = results[i];
+		const currentSearch = normalizedSearches[i];
+
+		if (result.status === "fulfilled") {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		// if we make it here then there was an error
+		const error = result.reason;
+
+		// unexpected errors should be re-thrown
+		if (!error.basePath) {
+			throw error;
+		}
+
+		if (errorOnUnmatchedPattern) {
+			await throwErrorForUnmatchedPatterns({
+				...currentSearch,
+				unmatchedPatterns: error.unmatchedPatterns,
+			});
+		}
+	}
+
+	// second loop for `fulfilled` results
+	return results.flatMap(result => result.value);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -495,7 +506,7 @@ async function globMultiSearch({ searches, configs, errorOnUnmatchedPattern }) {
  * @param {boolean} args.globInputPaths true to interpret glob patterns,
  *      false to not interpret glob patterns.
  * @param {string} args.cwd The current working directory to find from.
- * @param {FlatConfigArray} args.configs The configs for the current run.
+ * @param {ConfigLoader|LegacyConfigLoader} args.configLoader The config loader for the current run.
  * @param {boolean} args.errorOnUnmatchedPattern Determines if an unmatched pattern
  *      should throw an error.
  * @returns {Promise<Array<string>>} The fully resolved file paths.
@@ -503,99 +514,137 @@ async function globMultiSearch({ searches, configs, errorOnUnmatchedPattern }) {
  * @throws {NoFilesFoundError} If no files matched the given patterns.
  */
 async function findFiles({
-    patterns,
-    globInputPaths,
-    cwd,
-    configs,
-    errorOnUnmatchedPattern
+	patterns,
+	globInputPaths,
+	cwd,
+	configLoader,
+	errorOnUnmatchedPattern,
 }) {
+	const results = [];
+	const missingPatterns = [];
+	let globbyPatterns = [];
+	let rawPatterns = [];
+	const searches = new Map([
+		[cwd, { patterns: globbyPatterns, rawPatterns: [] }],
+	]);
+
+	/*
+	 * This part is a bit involved because we need to account for
+	 * the different ways that the patterns can match directories.
+	 * For each different way, we need to decide if we should look
+	 * for a config file or just use the default config. (Directories
+	 * without a config file always use the default config.)
+	 *
+	 * Here are the cases:
+	 *
+	 * 1. A directory is passed directly (e.g., "subdir"). In this case, we
+	 * can assume that the user intends to lint this directory and we should
+	 * not look for a config file in the parent directory, because the only
+	 * reason to do that would be to ignore this directory (which we already
+	 * know we don't want to do). Instead, we use the default config until we
+	 * get to the directory that was passed, at which point we start looking
+	 * for config files again.
+	 *
+	 * 2. A dot (".") or star ("*"). In this case, we want to read
+	 * the config file in the current directory because the user is
+	 * explicitly asking to lint the current directory. Note that "."
+	 * will traverse into subdirectories while "*" will not.
+	 *
+	 * 3. A directory is passed in the form of "subdir/subsubdir".
+	 * In this case, we don't want to look for a config file in the
+	 * parent directory ("subdir"). We can skip looking for a config
+	 * file until `entry.depth` is greater than 1 because there's no
+	 * way that the pattern can match `entry.path` yet.
+	 *
+	 * 4. A directory glob pattern is passed (e.g., "subd*"). We want
+	 * this case to act like case 2 because it's unclear whether or not
+	 * any particular directory is meant to be traversed.
+	 *
+	 * 5. A recursive glob pattern is passed (e.g., "**"). We want this
+	 * case to act like case 2.
+	 */
+
+	// check to see if we have explicit files and directories
+	const filePaths = patterns.map(filePath => path.resolve(cwd, filePath));
+	const stats = await Promise.all(
+		filePaths.map(filePath => fsp.stat(filePath).catch(() => {})),
+	);
+
+	const promises = [];
+	stats.forEach((stat, index) => {
+		const filePath = filePaths[index];
+		const pattern = normalizeToPosix(patterns[index]);
+
+		if (stat) {
+			// files are added directly to the list
+			if (stat.isFile()) {
+				results.push(filePath);
+				promises.push(configLoader.loadConfigArrayForFile(filePath));
+			}
+
+			// directories need extensions attached
+			if (stat.isDirectory()) {
+				if (!searches.has(filePath)) {
+					searches.set(filePath, { patterns: [], rawPatterns: [] });
+				}
+				({ patterns: globbyPatterns, rawPatterns } =
+					searches.get(filePath));
+
+				globbyPatterns.push(`${normalizeToPosix(filePath)}/**`);
+				rawPatterns.push(pattern);
+			}
+
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// save patterns for later use based on whether globs are enabled
+		if (globInputPaths && isGlobPattern(pattern)) {
+			/*
+			 * We are grouping patterns by their glob parent. This is done to
+			 * make it easier to determine when a config file should be loaded.
+			 */
+
+			const basePath = path.resolve(cwd, globParent(pattern));
+
+			if (!searches.has(basePath)) {
+				searches.set(basePath, { patterns: [], rawPatterns: [] });
+			}
+			({ patterns: globbyPatterns, rawPatterns } =
+				searches.get(basePath));
+
+			globbyPatterns.push(filePath);
+			rawPatterns.push(pattern);
+		} else {
+			missingPatterns.push(pattern);
+		}
+	});
+
+	// there were patterns that didn't match anything, tell the user
+	if (errorOnUnmatchedPattern && missingPatterns.length) {
+		throw new NoFilesFoundError(missingPatterns[0], globInputPaths);
+	}
+
+	// now we are safe to do the search
+	promises.push(
+		globMultiSearch({
+			searches,
+			configLoader,
+			errorOnUnmatchedPattern,
+		}),
+	);
+	const globbyResults = (await Promise.all(promises)).at(-1);
+
+	return [...new Set([...results, ...globbyResults])];
+}
 
-    const results = [];
-    const missingPatterns = [];
-    let globbyPatterns = [];
-    let rawPatterns = [];
-    const searches = new Map([[cwd, { patterns: globbyPatterns, rawPatterns: [] }]]);
-
-    // check to see if we have explicit files and directories
-    const filePaths = patterns.map(filePath => path.resolve(cwd, filePath));
-    const stats = await Promise.all(
-        filePaths.map(
-            filePath => fsp.stat(filePath).catch(() => { })
-        )
-    );
-
-    stats.forEach((stat, index) => {
-
-        const filePath = filePaths[index];
-        const pattern = normalizeToPosix(patterns[index]);
-
-        if (stat) {
-
-            // files are added directly to the list
-            if (stat.isFile()) {
-                results.push(filePath);
-            }
-
-            // directories need extensions attached
-            if (stat.isDirectory()) {
-
-                // group everything in cwd together and split out others
-                if (isPathInside(filePath, cwd)) {
-                    ({ patterns: globbyPatterns, rawPatterns } = searches.get(cwd));
-                } else {
-                    if (!searches.has(filePath)) {
-                        searches.set(filePath, { patterns: [], rawPatterns: [] });
-                    }
-                    ({ patterns: globbyPatterns, rawPatterns } = searches.get(filePath));
-                }
-
-                globbyPatterns.push(`${normalizeToPosix(filePath)}/**`);
-                rawPatterns.push(pattern);
-            }
-
-            return;
-        }
-
-        // save patterns for later use based on whether globs are enabled
-        if (globInputPaths && isGlobPattern(pattern)) {
-
-            const basePath = path.resolve(cwd, globParent(pattern));
-
-            // group in cwd if possible and split out others
-            if (isPathInside(basePath, cwd)) {
-                ({ patterns: globbyPatterns, rawPatterns } = searches.get(cwd));
-            } else {
-                if (!searches.has(basePath)) {
-                    searches.set(basePath, { patterns: [], rawPatterns: [] });
-                }
-                ({ patterns: globbyPatterns, rawPatterns } = searches.get(basePath));
-            }
-
-            globbyPatterns.push(filePath);
-            rawPatterns.push(pattern);
-        } else {
-            missingPatterns.push(pattern);
-        }
-    });
-
-    // there were patterns that didn't match anything, tell the user
-    if (errorOnUnmatchedPattern && missingPatterns.length) {
-        throw new NoFilesFoundError(missingPatterns[0], globInputPaths);
-    }
-
-    // now we are safe to do the search
-    const globbyResults = await globMultiSearch({
-        searches,
-        configs,
-        errorOnUnmatchedPattern
-    });
-
-    return [
-        ...new Set([
-            ...results,
-            ...globbyResults.map(filePath => path.resolve(filePath))
-        ])
-    ];
+/**
+ * Return the absolute path of a file named `"__placeholder__.js"` in a given directory.
+ * This is used as a replacement for a missing file path.
+ * @param {string} cwd An absolute directory path.
+ * @returns {string} The absolute path of a file named `"__placeholder__.js"` in the given directory.
+ */
+function getPlaceholderPath(cwd) {
+	return path.join(cwd, "__placeholder__.js");
 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -609,58 +658,120 @@ async function findFiles({
  * @private
  */
 function isErrorMessage(message) {
-    return message.severity === 2;
+	return message.severity === 2;
 }
 
 /**
  * Returns result with warning by ignore settings
- * @param {string} filePath File path of checked code
+ * @param {string} filePath Absolute file path of checked code
  * @param {string} baseDir Absolute path of base directory
+ * @param {"ignored"|"external"|"unconfigured"} configStatus A status that determines why the file is ignored
  * @returns {LintResult} Result with single warning
  * @private
  */
-function createIgnoreResult(filePath, baseDir) {
-    let message;
-    const isInNodeModules = baseDir && path.dirname(path.relative(baseDir, filePath)).split(path.sep).includes("node_modules");
-
-    if (isInNodeModules) {
-        message = "File ignored by default because it is located under the node_modules directory. Use ignore pattern \"!**/node_modules/\" to disable file ignore settings or use \"--no-warn-ignored\" to suppress this warning.";
-    } else {
-        message = "File ignored because of a matching ignore pattern. Use \"--no-ignore\" to disable file ignore settings or use \"--no-warn-ignored\" to suppress this warning.";
-    }
-
-    return {
-        filePath: path.resolve(filePath),
-        messages: [
-            {
-                ruleId: null,
-                fatal: false,
-                severity: 1,
-                message,
-                nodeType: null
-            }
-        ],
-        suppressedMessages: [],
-        errorCount: 0,
-        warningCount: 1,
-        fatalErrorCount: 0,
-        fixableErrorCount: 0,
-        fixableWarningCount: 0
-    };
+function createIgnoreResult(filePath, baseDir, configStatus) {
+	let message;
+
+	switch (configStatus) {
+		case "external":
+			message = "File ignored because outside of base path.";
+			break;
+		case "unconfigured":
+			message =
+				"File ignored because no matching configuration was supplied.";
+			break;
+		default:
+			{
+				const isInNodeModules =
+					baseDir &&
+					path
+						.dirname(path.relative(baseDir, filePath))
+						.split(path.sep)
+						.includes("node_modules");
+
+				if (isInNodeModules) {
+					message =
+						'File ignored by default because it is located under the node_modules directory. Use ignore pattern "!**/node_modules/" to disable file ignore settings or use "--no-warn-ignored" to suppress this warning.';
+				} else {
+					message =
+						'File ignored because of a matching ignore pattern. Use "--no-ignore" to disable file ignore settings or use "--no-warn-ignored" to suppress this warning.';
+				}
+			}
+			break;
+	}
+
+	return {
+		filePath,
+		messages: [
+			{
+				ruleId: null,
+				fatal: false,
+				severity: 1,
+				message,
+				nodeType: null,
+			},
+		],
+		suppressedMessages: [],
+		errorCount: 0,
+		warningCount: 1,
+		fatalErrorCount: 0,
+		fixableErrorCount: 0,
+		fixableWarningCount: 0,
+	};
+}
+
+/**
+ * It will calculate the error and warning count for collection of messages per file
+ * @param {LintMessage[]} messages Collection of messages
+ * @returns {Object} Contains the stats
+ * @private
+ */
+function calculateStatsPerFile(messages) {
+	const stat = {
+		errorCount: 0,
+		fatalErrorCount: 0,
+		warningCount: 0,
+		fixableErrorCount: 0,
+		fixableWarningCount: 0,
+	};
+
+	for (let i = 0; i < messages.length; i++) {
+		const message = messages[i];
+
+		if (message.fatal || message.severity === 2) {
+			stat.errorCount++;
+			if (message.fatal) {
+				stat.fatalErrorCount++;
+			}
+			if (message.fix) {
+				stat.fixableErrorCount++;
+			}
+		} else {
+			stat.warningCount++;
+			if (message.fix) {
+				stat.fixableWarningCount++;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return stat;
 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Options-related Helpers
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-
 /**
  * Check if a given value is a valid fix type or not.
  * @param {any} x The value to check.
  * @returns {boolean} `true` if `x` is valid fix type.
  */
 function isFixType(x) {
-    return x === "directive" || x === "problem" || x === "suggestion" || x === "layout";
+	return (
+		x === "directive" ||
+		x === "problem" ||
+		x === "suggestion" ||
+		x === "layout"
+	);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -669,171 +780,240 @@ function isFixType(x) {
  * @returns {boolean} `true` if `x` is an array of fix types.
  */
 function isFixTypeArray(x) {
-    return Array.isArray(x) && x.every(isFixType);
+	return Array.isArray(x) && x.every(isFixType);
 }
 
 /**
  * The error for invalid options.
  */
 class ESLintInvalidOptionsError extends Error {
-    constructor(messages) {
-        super(`Invalid Options:\n- ${messages.join("\n- ")}`);
-        this.code = "ESLINT_INVALID_OPTIONS";
-        Error.captureStackTrace(this, ESLintInvalidOptionsError);
-    }
+	constructor(messages) {
+		super(`Invalid Options:\n- ${messages.join("\n- ")}`);
+		this.code = "ESLINT_INVALID_OPTIONS";
+		Error.captureStackTrace(this, ESLintInvalidOptionsError);
+	}
 }
 
 /**
  * Validates and normalizes options for the wrapped CLIEngine instance.
- * @param {FlatESLintOptions} options The options to process.
+ * @param {ESLintOptions} options The options to process.
  * @throws {ESLintInvalidOptionsError} If of any of a variety of type errors.
- * @returns {FlatESLintOptions} The normalized options.
+ * @returns {ESLintOptions} The normalized options.
  */
 function processOptions({
-    allowInlineConfig = true, // ← we cannot use `overrideConfig.noInlineConfig` instead because `allowInlineConfig` has side-effect that suppress warnings that show inline configs are ignored.
-    baseConfig = null,
-    cache = false,
-    cacheLocation = ".eslintcache",
-    cacheStrategy = "metadata",
-    cwd = process.cwd(),
-    errorOnUnmatchedPattern = true,
-    fix = false,
-    fixTypes = null, // ← should be null by default because if it's an array then it suppresses rules that don't have the `meta.type` property.
-    globInputPaths = true,
-    ignore = true,
-    ignorePatterns = null,
-    overrideConfig = null,
-    overrideConfigFile = null,
-    plugins = {},
-    warnIgnored = true,
-    ...unknownOptions
+	allowInlineConfig = true, // ← we cannot use `overrideConfig.noInlineConfig` instead because `allowInlineConfig` has side-effect that suppress warnings that show inline configs are ignored.
+	baseConfig = null,
+	cache = false,
+	cacheLocation = ".eslintcache",
+	cacheStrategy = "metadata",
+	concurrency = "off",
+	cwd = process.cwd(),
+	errorOnUnmatchedPattern = true,
+	fix = false,
+	fixTypes = null, // ← should be null by default because if it's an array then it suppresses rules that don't have the `meta.type` property.
+	flags = [],
+	globInputPaths = true,
+	ignore = true,
+	ignorePatterns = null,
+	overrideConfig = null,
+	overrideConfigFile = null,
+	plugins = {},
+	stats = false,
+	warnIgnored = true,
+	passOnNoPatterns = false,
+	ruleFilter = () => true,
+	...unknownOptions
 }) {
-    const errors = [];
-    const unknownOptionKeys = Object.keys(unknownOptions);
-
-    if (unknownOptionKeys.length >= 1) {
-        errors.push(`Unknown options: ${unknownOptionKeys.join(", ")}`);
-        if (unknownOptionKeys.includes("cacheFile")) {
-            errors.push("'cacheFile' has been removed. Please use the 'cacheLocation' option instead.");
-        }
-        if (unknownOptionKeys.includes("configFile")) {
-            errors.push("'configFile' has been removed. Please use the 'overrideConfigFile' option instead.");
-        }
-        if (unknownOptionKeys.includes("envs")) {
-            errors.push("'envs' has been removed.");
-        }
-        if (unknownOptionKeys.includes("extensions")) {
-            errors.push("'extensions' has been removed.");
-        }
-        if (unknownOptionKeys.includes("resolvePluginsRelativeTo")) {
-            errors.push("'resolvePluginsRelativeTo' has been removed.");
-        }
-        if (unknownOptionKeys.includes("globals")) {
-            errors.push("'globals' has been removed. Please use the 'overrideConfig.languageOptions.globals' option instead.");
-        }
-        if (unknownOptionKeys.includes("ignorePath")) {
-            errors.push("'ignorePath' has been removed.");
-        }
-        if (unknownOptionKeys.includes("ignorePattern")) {
-            errors.push("'ignorePattern' has been removed. Please use the 'overrideConfig.ignorePatterns' option instead.");
-        }
-        if (unknownOptionKeys.includes("parser")) {
-            errors.push("'parser' has been removed. Please use the 'overrideConfig.languageOptions.parser' option instead.");
-        }
-        if (unknownOptionKeys.includes("parserOptions")) {
-            errors.push("'parserOptions' has been removed. Please use the 'overrideConfig.languageOptions.parserOptions' option instead.");
-        }
-        if (unknownOptionKeys.includes("rules")) {
-            errors.push("'rules' has been removed. Please use the 'overrideConfig.rules' option instead.");
-        }
-        if (unknownOptionKeys.includes("rulePaths")) {
-            errors.push("'rulePaths' has been removed. Please define your rules using plugins.");
-        }
-        if (unknownOptionKeys.includes("reportUnusedDisableDirectives")) {
-            errors.push("'reportUnusedDisableDirectives' has been removed. Please use the 'overrideConfig.linterOptions.reportUnusedDisableDirectives' option instead.");
-        }
-    }
-    if (typeof allowInlineConfig !== "boolean") {
-        errors.push("'allowInlineConfig' must be a boolean.");
-    }
-    if (typeof baseConfig !== "object") {
-        errors.push("'baseConfig' must be an object or null.");
-    }
-    if (typeof cache !== "boolean") {
-        errors.push("'cache' must be a boolean.");
-    }
-    if (!isNonEmptyString(cacheLocation)) {
-        errors.push("'cacheLocation' must be a non-empty string.");
-    }
-    if (
-        cacheStrategy !== "metadata" &&
-        cacheStrategy !== "content"
-    ) {
-        errors.push("'cacheStrategy' must be any of \"metadata\", \"content\".");
-    }
-    if (!isNonEmptyString(cwd) || !path.isAbsolute(cwd)) {
-        errors.push("'cwd' must be an absolute path.");
-    }
-    if (typeof errorOnUnmatchedPattern !== "boolean") {
-        errors.push("'errorOnUnmatchedPattern' must be a boolean.");
-    }
-    if (typeof fix !== "boolean" && typeof fix !== "function") {
-        errors.push("'fix' must be a boolean or a function.");
-    }
-    if (fixTypes !== null && !isFixTypeArray(fixTypes)) {
-        errors.push("'fixTypes' must be an array of any of \"directive\", \"problem\", \"suggestion\", and \"layout\".");
-    }
-    if (typeof globInputPaths !== "boolean") {
-        errors.push("'globInputPaths' must be a boolean.");
-    }
-    if (typeof ignore !== "boolean") {
-        errors.push("'ignore' must be a boolean.");
-    }
-    if (!isArrayOfNonEmptyString(ignorePatterns) && ignorePatterns !== null) {
-        errors.push("'ignorePatterns' must be an array of non-empty strings or null.");
-    }
-    if (typeof overrideConfig !== "object") {
-        errors.push("'overrideConfig' must be an object or null.");
-    }
-    if (!isNonEmptyString(overrideConfigFile) && overrideConfigFile !== null && overrideConfigFile !== true) {
-        errors.push("'overrideConfigFile' must be a non-empty string, null, or true.");
-    }
-    if (typeof plugins !== "object") {
-        errors.push("'plugins' must be an object or null.");
-    } else if (plugins !== null && Object.keys(plugins).includes("")) {
-        errors.push("'plugins' must not include an empty string.");
-    }
-    if (Array.isArray(plugins)) {
-        errors.push("'plugins' doesn't add plugins to configuration to load. Please use the 'overrideConfig.plugins' option instead.");
-    }
-    if (typeof warnIgnored !== "boolean") {
-        errors.push("'warnIgnored' must be a boolean.");
-    }
-    if (errors.length > 0) {
-        throw new ESLintInvalidOptionsError(errors);
-    }
-
-    return {
-        allowInlineConfig,
-        baseConfig,
-        cache,
-        cacheLocation,
-        cacheStrategy,
-
-        // when overrideConfigFile is true that means don't do config file lookup
-        configFile: overrideConfigFile === true ? false : overrideConfigFile,
-        overrideConfig,
-        cwd: path.normalize(cwd),
-        errorOnUnmatchedPattern,
-        fix,
-        fixTypes,
-        globInputPaths,
-        ignore,
-        ignorePatterns,
-        warnIgnored
-    };
+	const errors = [];
+	const unknownOptionKeys = Object.keys(unknownOptions);
+
+	if (unknownOptionKeys.length >= 1) {
+		errors.push(`Unknown options: ${unknownOptionKeys.join(", ")}`);
+		if (unknownOptionKeys.includes("cacheFile")) {
+			errors.push(
+				"'cacheFile' has been removed. Please use the 'cacheLocation' option instead.",
+			);
+		}
+		if (unknownOptionKeys.includes("configFile")) {
+			errors.push(
+				"'configFile' has been removed. Please use the 'overrideConfigFile' option instead.",
+			);
+		}
+		if (unknownOptionKeys.includes("envs")) {
+			errors.push("'envs' has been removed.");
+		}
+		if (unknownOptionKeys.includes("extensions")) {
+			errors.push("'extensions' has been removed.");
+		}
+		if (unknownOptionKeys.includes("resolvePluginsRelativeTo")) {
+			errors.push("'resolvePluginsRelativeTo' has been removed.");
+		}
+		if (unknownOptionKeys.includes("globals")) {
+			errors.push(
+				"'globals' has been removed. Please use the 'overrideConfig.languageOptions.globals' option instead.",
+			);
+		}
+		if (unknownOptionKeys.includes("ignorePath")) {
+			errors.push("'ignorePath' has been removed.");
+		}
+		if (unknownOptionKeys.includes("ignorePattern")) {
+			errors.push(
+				"'ignorePattern' has been removed. Please use the 'overrideConfig.ignorePatterns' option instead.",
+			);
+		}
+		if (unknownOptionKeys.includes("parser")) {
+			errors.push(
+				"'parser' has been removed. Please use the 'overrideConfig.languageOptions.parser' option instead.",
+			);
+		}
+		if (unknownOptionKeys.includes("parserOptions")) {
+			errors.push(
+				"'parserOptions' has been removed. Please use the 'overrideConfig.languageOptions.parserOptions' option instead.",
+			);
+		}
+		if (unknownOptionKeys.includes("rules")) {
+			errors.push(
+				"'rules' has been removed. Please use the 'overrideConfig.rules' option instead.",
+			);
+		}
+		if (unknownOptionKeys.includes("rulePaths")) {
+			errors.push(
+				"'rulePaths' has been removed. Please define your rules using plugins.",
+			);
+		}
+		if (unknownOptionKeys.includes("reportUnusedDisableDirectives")) {
+			errors.push(
+				"'reportUnusedDisableDirectives' has been removed. Please use the 'overrideConfig.linterOptions.reportUnusedDisableDirectives' option instead.",
+			);
+		}
+	}
+	if (typeof allowInlineConfig !== "boolean") {
+		errors.push("'allowInlineConfig' must be a boolean.");
+	}
+	if (typeof baseConfig !== "object") {
+		errors.push("'baseConfig' must be an object or null.");
+	}
+	if (typeof cache !== "boolean") {
+		errors.push("'cache' must be a boolean.");
+	}
+	if (!isNonEmptyString(cacheLocation)) {
+		errors.push("'cacheLocation' must be a non-empty string.");
+	}
+	if (cacheStrategy !== "metadata" && cacheStrategy !== "content") {
+		errors.push('\'cacheStrategy\' must be any of "metadata", "content".');
+	}
+	if (
+		concurrency !== "off" &&
+		concurrency !== "auto" &&
+		!isPositiveInteger(concurrency)
+	) {
+		errors.push(
+			'\'concurrency\' must be a positive integer, "auto", or "off".',
+		);
+	}
+	if (!isNonEmptyString(cwd) || !path.isAbsolute(cwd)) {
+		errors.push("'cwd' must be an absolute path.");
+	}
+	if (typeof errorOnUnmatchedPattern !== "boolean") {
+		errors.push("'errorOnUnmatchedPattern' must be a boolean.");
+	}
+	if (typeof fix !== "boolean" && typeof fix !== "function") {
+		errors.push("'fix' must be a boolean or a function.");
+	}
+	if (fixTypes !== null && !isFixTypeArray(fixTypes)) {
+		errors.push(
+			'\'fixTypes\' must be an array of any of "directive", "problem", "suggestion", and "layout".',
+		);
+	}
+	if (!isEmptyArrayOrArrayOfNonEmptyString(flags)) {
+		errors.push("'flags' must be an array of non-empty strings.");
+	}
+	if (typeof globInputPaths !== "boolean") {
+		errors.push("'globInputPaths' must be a boolean.");
+	}
+	if (typeof ignore !== "boolean") {
+		errors.push("'ignore' must be a boolean.");
+	}
+	if (
+		!isEmptyArrayOrArrayOfNonEmptyString(ignorePatterns) &&
+		ignorePatterns !== null
+	) {
+		errors.push(
+			"'ignorePatterns' must be an array of non-empty strings or null.",
+		);
+	}
+	if (typeof overrideConfig !== "object") {
+		errors.push("'overrideConfig' must be an object or null.");
+	}
+	if (
+		!isNonEmptyString(overrideConfigFile) &&
+		overrideConfigFile !== null &&
+		overrideConfigFile !== true
+	) {
+		errors.push(
+			"'overrideConfigFile' must be a non-empty string, null, or true.",
+		);
+	}
+	if (typeof passOnNoPatterns !== "boolean") {
+		errors.push("'passOnNoPatterns' must be a boolean.");
+	}
+	if (typeof plugins !== "object") {
+		errors.push("'plugins' must be an object or null.");
+	} else if (plugins !== null && Object.keys(plugins).includes("")) {
+		errors.push("'plugins' must not include an empty string.");
+	}
+	if (Array.isArray(plugins)) {
+		errors.push(
+			"'plugins' doesn't add plugins to configuration to load. Please use the 'overrideConfig.plugins' option instead.",
+		);
+	}
+	if (typeof stats !== "boolean") {
+		errors.push("'stats' must be a boolean.");
+	}
+	if (typeof warnIgnored !== "boolean") {
+		errors.push("'warnIgnored' must be a boolean.");
+	}
+	if (typeof ruleFilter !== "function") {
+		errors.push("'ruleFilter' must be a function.");
+	}
+	if (errors.length > 0) {
+		throw new ESLintInvalidOptionsError(errors);
+	}
+
+	return {
+		allowInlineConfig,
+		baseConfig,
+		cache,
+		cacheLocation,
+		cacheStrategy,
+		concurrency,
+
+		// when overrideConfigFile is true that means don't do config file lookup
+		configFile: overrideConfigFile === true ? false : overrideConfigFile,
+		overrideConfig,
+		cwd: path.normalize(cwd),
+		errorOnUnmatchedPattern,
+		fix,
+		fixTypes,
+		flags: [...flags],
+		globInputPaths,
+		ignore,
+		ignorePatterns,
+		stats,
+		passOnNoPatterns,
+		warnIgnored,
+		ruleFilter,
+	};
 }
 
+/**
+ * Loads ESLint constructor options from an options module.
+ * @param {string} optionsURL The URL string of the options module to load.
+ * @returns {Promise<ESLintOptions>} ESLint constructor options.
+ */
+async function loadOptionsFromModule(optionsURL) {
+	return (await import(optionsURL)).default;
+}
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Cache-related helpers
@@ -847,86 +1027,439 @@ function processOptions({
  * if cacheFile points to a file or looks like a file then in will just use that file
  * @param {string} cacheFile The name of file to be used to store the cache
  * @param {string} cwd Current working directory
+ * @param {Object} options The options
+ * @param {string} [options.prefix] The prefix to use for the cache file
  * @returns {string} the resolved path to the cache file
  */
-function getCacheFile(cacheFile, cwd) {
+function getCacheFile(cacheFile, cwd, { prefix = ".cache_" } = {}) {
+	/*
+	 * make sure the path separators are normalized for the environment/os
+	 * keeping the trailing path separator if present
+	 */
+	const normalizedCacheFile = path.normalize(cacheFile);
+
+	const resolvedCacheFile = path.resolve(cwd, normalizedCacheFile);
+	const looksLikeADirectory = normalizedCacheFile.slice(-1) === path.sep;
+
+	/**
+	 * return the name for the cache file in case the provided parameter is a directory
+	 * @returns {string} the resolved path to the cacheFile
+	 */
+	function getCacheFileForDirectory() {
+		return path.join(resolvedCacheFile, `${prefix}${hash(cwd)}`);
+	}
+
+	let fileStats;
+
+	try {
+		fileStats = fs.lstatSync(resolvedCacheFile);
+	} catch {
+		fileStats = null;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * in case the file exists we need to verify if the provided path
+	 * is a directory or a file. If it is a directory we want to create a file
+	 * inside that directory
+	 */
+	if (fileStats) {
+		/*
+		 * is a directory or is a file, but the original file the user provided
+		 * looks like a directory but `path.resolve` removed the `last path.sep`
+		 * so we need to still treat this like a directory
+		 */
+		if (fileStats.isDirectory() || looksLikeADirectory) {
+			return getCacheFileForDirectory();
+		}
+
+		// is file so just use that file
+		return resolvedCacheFile;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * here we known the file or directory doesn't exist,
+	 * so we will try to infer if its a directory if it looks like a directory
+	 * for the current operating system.
+	 */
+
+	// if the last character passed is a path separator we assume is a directory
+	if (looksLikeADirectory) {
+		return getCacheFileForDirectory();
+	}
+
+	return resolvedCacheFile;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new lint result cache.
+ * @param {ESLintOptions} eslintOptions The processed ESLint options.
+ * @param {string} cacheFilePath The path to the cache file.
+ * @returns {?LintResultCache} A new lint result cache or `null`.
+ */
+function createLintResultCache({ cache, cacheStrategy }, cacheFilePath) {
+	return cache ? new LintResultCache(cacheFilePath, cacheStrategy) : null;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Lint helpers
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Checks whether a message's rule type should be fixed.
+ * @param {LintMessage} message The message to check.
+ * @param {CalculatedConfig} config The config for the file that generated the message.
+ * @param {string[]} fixTypes An array of fix types to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} Whether the message should be fixed.
+ */
+function shouldMessageBeFixed(message, config, fixTypes) {
+	if (!message.ruleId) {
+		return fixTypes.has("directive");
+	}
+
+	const rule = message.ruleId && config.getRuleDefinition(message.ruleId);
+
+	return Boolean(rule && rule.meta && fixTypes.has(rule.meta.type));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a fixer function based on the provided fix, fixTypesSet, and config.
+ * @param {Function|boolean} fix The original fix option.
+ * @param {Set<string>} fixTypesSet A set of fix types to filter messages for fixing.
+ * @param {CalculatedConfig} config The config for the file that generated the message.
+ * @returns {Function|boolean} The fixer function or the original fix value.
+ */
+function getFixerForFixTypes(fix, fixTypesSet, config) {
+	if (!fix || !fixTypesSet) {
+		return fix;
+	}
 
-    /*
-     * make sure the path separators are normalized for the environment/os
-     * keeping the trailing path separator if present
-     */
-    const normalizedCacheFile = path.normalize(cacheFile);
+	const originalFix = typeof fix === "function" ? fix : () => true;
 
-    const resolvedCacheFile = path.resolve(cwd, normalizedCacheFile);
-    const looksLikeADirectory = normalizedCacheFile.slice(-1) === path.sep;
+	return message =>
+		shouldMessageBeFixed(message, config, fixTypesSet) &&
+		originalFix(message);
+}
 
-    /**
-     * return the name for the cache file in case the provided parameter is a directory
-     * @returns {string} the resolved path to the cacheFile
-     */
-    function getCacheFileForDirectory() {
-        return path.join(resolvedCacheFile, `.cache_${hash(cwd)}`);
-    }
+/**
+ * Processes a source code using ESLint.
+ * @param {Object} config The config object.
+ * @param {string} config.text The source code to verify.
+ * @param {string} config.cwd The path to the current working directory.
+ * @param {string|undefined} config.filePath The path to the file of `text`. If this is undefined, it uses `<text>`.
+ * @param {FlatConfigArray} config.configs The config.
+ * @param {boolean} config.fix If `true` then it does fix.
+ * @param {boolean} config.allowInlineConfig If `true` then it uses directive comments.
+ * @param {Function} config.ruleFilter A predicate function to filter which rules should be run.
+ * @param {boolean} config.stats If `true`, then if reports extra statistics with the lint results.
+ * @param {Linter} config.linter The linter instance to verify.
+ * @returns {LintResult} The result of linting.
+ * @private
+ */
+function verifyText({
+	text,
+	cwd,
+	filePath: providedFilePath,
+	configs,
+	fix,
+	allowInlineConfig,
+	ruleFilter,
+	stats,
+	linter,
+}) {
+	const startTime = hrtimeBigint();
+
+	const filePath = providedFilePath || "<text>";
+
+	/*
+	 * Verify.
+	 * `config.extractConfig(filePath)` requires an absolute path, but `linter`
+	 * doesn't know CWD, so it gives `linter` an absolute path always.
+	 */
+	const filePathToVerify =
+		filePath === "<text>" ? getPlaceholderPath(cwd) : filePath;
+	const { fixed, messages, output } = linter.verifyAndFix(text, configs, {
+		allowInlineConfig,
+		filename: filePathToVerify,
+		fix,
+		ruleFilter,
+		stats,
+
+		/**
+		 * Check if the linter should adopt a given code block or not.
+		 * @param {string} blockFilename The virtual filename of a code block.
+		 * @returns {boolean} `true` if the linter should adopt the code block.
+		 */
+		filterCodeBlock(blockFilename) {
+			return configs.getConfig(blockFilename) !== void 0;
+		},
+	});
+
+	// Tweak and return.
+	const result = {
+		filePath: filePath === "<text>" ? filePath : path.resolve(filePath),
+		messages,
+		suppressedMessages: linter.getSuppressedMessages(),
+		...calculateStatsPerFile(messages),
+	};
+
+	if (fixed) {
+		result.output = output;
+	}
+
+	if (
+		result.errorCount + result.warningCount > 0 &&
+		typeof result.output === "undefined"
+	) {
+		result.source = text;
+	}
+
+	if (stats) {
+		result.stats = {
+			times: linter.getTimes(),
+			fixPasses: linter.getFixPassCount(),
+		};
+	}
+
+	const endTime = hrtimeBigint();
+	debug('File "%s" linted in %t', filePath, endTime - startTime);
+
+	return result;
+}
 
-    let fileStats;
+/**
+ * Lints a single file.
+ * @param {string} filePath File path to lint.
+ * @param {FlatConfigArray} configs The config array for the file.
+ * @param {ESLintOptions} eslintOptions The processed ESLint options.
+ * @param {Linter} linter The linter instance to use.
+ * @param {?LintResultCache} lintResultCache The result cache or `null`.
+ * @param {?{ duration: bigint; }} readFileCounter Used to keep track of the time spent reading files.
+ * @param {Retrier} [retrier] Used to retry linting on certain errors.
+ * @param {AbortController} [controller] Used to stop linting when an error occurs.
+ * @returns {Promise<LintResult>} The lint result.
+ */
+async function lintFile(
+	filePath,
+	configs,
+	eslintOptions,
+	linter,
+	lintResultCache,
+	readFileCounter,
+	retrier,
+	controller,
+) {
+	const config = configs.getConfig(filePath);
+	const {
+		allowInlineConfig,
+		cwd,
+		fix,
+		fixTypes,
+		ruleFilter,
+		stats,
+		warnIgnored,
+	} = eslintOptions;
+	const fixTypesSet = fixTypes ? new Set(fixTypes) : null;
+
+	/*
+	 * If a filename was entered that cannot be matched
+	 * to a config, then notify the user.
+	 */
+	if (!config) {
+		if (warnIgnored) {
+			const configStatus = configs.getConfigStatus(filePath);
+
+			return createIgnoreResult(filePath, cwd, configStatus);
+		}
+
+		return void 0;
+	}
+
+	// Skip if there is cached result.
+	if (lintResultCache) {
+		const cachedResult = lintResultCache.getCachedLintResults(
+			filePath,
+			config,
+		);
+
+		if (cachedResult) {
+			const hadMessages =
+				cachedResult.messages && cachedResult.messages.length > 0;
+
+			if (hadMessages && fix) {
+				debug(`Reprocessing cached file to allow autofix: ${filePath}`);
+			} else {
+				debug(`Skipping file since it hasn't changed: ${filePath}`);
+				return cachedResult;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// set up fixer for fixTypes if necessary
+	const fixer = getFixerForFixTypes(fix, fixTypesSet, config);
+
+	/**
+	 * Reads the file and lints its content.
+	 * @returns {Promise<LintResult>} A lint result.
+	 */
+	async function readAndVerifyFile() {
+		const readFileEnterTime = hrtimeBigint();
+		const text = await fsp.readFile(filePath, {
+			encoding: "utf8",
+			signal: controller?.signal,
+		});
+		const readFileExitTime = hrtimeBigint();
+		const readFileDuration = readFileExitTime - readFileEnterTime;
+		debug('File "%s" read in %t', filePath, readFileDuration);
+		if (readFileCounter) {
+			readFileCounter.duration += readFileDuration;
+		}
+
+		// fail immediately if an error occurred in another file
+		controller?.signal.throwIfAborted();
+
+		// do the linting
+		return verifyText({
+			text,
+			filePath,
+			configs,
+			cwd,
+			fix: fixer,
+			allowInlineConfig,
+			ruleFilter,
+			stats,
+			linter,
+		});
+	}
+
+	// Use the retrier if provided, otherwise just call the function.
+	const readAndVerifyFilePromise = retrier
+		? retrier.retry(readAndVerifyFile, { signal: controller?.signal })
+		: readAndVerifyFile();
+
+	return readAndVerifyFilePromise.catch(error => {
+		controller?.abort(error);
+		throw error;
+	});
+}
 
-    try {
-        fileStats = fs.lstatSync(resolvedCacheFile);
-    } catch {
-        fileStats = null;
-    }
+/**
+ * Retrieves flags from the environment variable ESLINT_FLAGS.
+ * @param {string[]} flags The flags defined via the API.
+ * @returns {string[]} The merged flags to use.
+ */
+function mergeEnvironmentFlags(flags) {
+	if (!process.env.ESLINT_FLAGS) {
+		return flags;
+	}
 
+	const envFlags = process.env.ESLINT_FLAGS.trim().split(/\s*,\s*/gu);
+	return Array.from(new Set([...envFlags, ...flags]));
+}
 
-    /*
-     * in case the file exists we need to verify if the provided path
-     * is a directory or a file. If it is a directory we want to create a file
-     * inside that directory
-     */
-    if (fileStats) {
+/**
+ * Creates a new linter instance.
+ * @param {ESLintOptions} eslintOptions The processed ESLint options.
+ * @param {WarningService} warningService The warning service to use.
+ * @returns {Linter} The linter instance.
+ */
+function createLinter({ cwd, flags }, warningService) {
+	return new Linter({
+		configType: "flat",
+		cwd,
+		flags: mergeEnvironmentFlags(flags),
+		warningService,
+	});
+}
 
-        /*
-         * is a directory or is a file, but the original file the user provided
-         * looks like a directory but `path.resolve` removed the `last path.sep`
-         * so we need to still treat this like a directory
-         */
-        if (fileStats.isDirectory() || looksLikeADirectory) {
-            return getCacheFileForDirectory();
-        }
+/**
+ * Creates default configs with the specified plugins.
+ * @param {Record<string, Plugin> | undefined} optionPlugins The plugins specified in the ESLint options.
+ * @returns {Config[]} The default configs.
+ */
+function createDefaultConfigs(optionPlugins) {
+	const defaultConfigs = [];
 
-        // is file so just use that file
-        return resolvedCacheFile;
-    }
+	// Add plugins
+	if (optionPlugins) {
+		const plugins = {};
 
-    /*
-     * here we known the file or directory doesn't exist,
-     * so we will try to infer if its a directory if it looks like a directory
-     * for the current operating system.
-     */
+		for (const [pluginName, plugin] of Object.entries(optionPlugins)) {
+			plugins[getShorthandName(pluginName, "eslint-plugin")] = plugin;
+		}
 
-    // if the last character passed is a path separator we assume is a directory
-    if (looksLikeADirectory) {
-        return getCacheFileForDirectory();
-    }
+		defaultConfigs.push({ plugins });
+	}
 
-    return resolvedCacheFile;
+	return defaultConfigs;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Creates a config loader.
+ * @param {ESLintOptions} eslintOptions The processed ESLint options.
+ * @param {Config[]} defaultConfigs The default configs.
+ * @param {Linter} linter The linter instance.
+ * @param {WarningService} warningService The warning service to use.
+ * @returns {ConfigLoader} The config loader.
+ */
+function createConfigLoader(
+	{
+		cwd,
+		baseConfig,
+		overrideConfig,
+		configFile,
+		ignore: ignoreEnabled,
+		ignorePatterns,
+	},
+	defaultConfigs,
+	linter,
+	warningService,
+) {
+	const configLoaderOptions = {
+		cwd,
+		baseConfig,
+		overrideConfig,
+		configFile,
+		ignoreEnabled,
+		ignorePatterns,
+		defaultConfigs,
+		hasUnstableNativeNodeJsTSConfigFlag: linter.hasFlag(
+			"unstable_native_nodejs_ts_config",
+		),
+		warningService,
+	};
+
+	return linter.hasFlag("v10_config_lookup_from_file")
+		? new ConfigLoader(configLoaderOptions)
+		: new LegacyConfigLoader(configLoaderOptions);
+}
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Exports
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 module.exports = {
-    isGlobPattern,
-    findFiles,
+	createDebug,
+
+	findFiles,
+
+	isNonEmptyString,
+	isArrayOfNonEmptyString,
 
-    isNonEmptyString,
-    isArrayOfNonEmptyString,
+	createIgnoreResult,
+	isErrorMessage,
+	calculateStatsPerFile,
+	getPlaceholderPath,
 
-    createIgnoreResult,
-    isErrorMessage,
+	processOptions,
+	loadOptionsFromModule,
 
-    processOptions,
+	getCacheFile,
+	createLintResultCache,
 
-    getCacheFile
+	getFixerForFixTypes,
+	verifyText,
+	lintFile,
+	createLinter,
+	createDefaultConfigs,
+	createConfigLoader,
 };