ccxt-look 1.81.50

package/js/bitpanda.js

@@ -0,0 +1,1782 @@
+'use strict';
+
+//  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const Exchange = require ('./base/Exchange');
+const { AuthenticationError, ExchangeError, PermissionDenied, BadRequest, ArgumentsRequired, OrderNotFound, InsufficientFunds, ExchangeNotAvailable, DDoSProtection, InvalidAddress, InvalidOrder } = require ('./base/errors');
+const Precise = require ('./base/Precise');
+
+//  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+module.exports = class bitpanda extends Exchange {
+    describe () {
+        return this.deepExtend (super.describe (), {
+            'id': 'bitpanda',
+            'name': 'Bitpanda Pro',
+            'countries': [ 'AT' ], // Austria
+            'rateLimit': 300,
+            'version': 'v1',
+            // new metainfo interface
+            'has': {
+                'CORS': undefined,
+                'spot': true,
+                'margin': false,
+                'swap': false,
+                'future': false,
+                'option': false,
+                'addMargin': false,
+                'cancelAllOrders': true,
+                'cancelOrder': true,
+                'cancelOrders': true,
+                'createDepositAddress': true,
+                'createOrder': true,
+                'createReduceOnlyOrder': false,
+                'fetchBalance': true,
+                'fetchBorrowRate': false,
+                'fetchBorrowRateHistories': false,
+                'fetchBorrowRateHistory': false,
+                'fetchBorrowRates': false,
+                'fetchBorrowRatesPerSymbol': false,
+                'fetchClosedOrders': true,
+                'fetchCurrencies': true,
+                'fetchDepositAddress': true,
+                'fetchDeposits': true,
+                'fetchFundingHistory': false,
+                'fetchFundingRate': false,
+                'fetchFundingRateHistory': false,
+                'fetchFundingRates': false,
+                'fetchIndexOHLCV': false,
+                'fetchLeverage': false,
+                'fetchMarkets': true,
+                'fetchMarkOHLCV': false,
+                'fetchMyTrades': true,
+                'fetchOHLCV': true,
+                'fetchOpenOrders': true,
+                'fetchOrder': true,
+                'fetchOrderBook': true,
+                'fetchOrderTrades': true,
+                'fetchPosition': false,
+                'fetchPositions': false,
+                'fetchPositionsRisk': false,
+                'fetchPremiumIndexOHLCV': false,
+                'fetchTicker': true,
+                'fetchTickers': true,
+                'fetchTime': true,
+                'fetchTrades': true,
+                'fetchTradingFee': false,
+                'fetchTradingFees': true,
+                'fetchTransfer': false,
+                'fetchTransfers': false,
+                'fetchWithdrawals': true,
+                'privateAPI': true,
+                'publicAPI': true,
+                'reduceMargin': false,
+                'setLeverage': false,
+                'setMarginMode': false,
+                'setPositionMode': false,
+                'transfer': false,
+                'withdraw': true,
+            },
+            'timeframes': {
+                '1m': '1/MINUTES',
+                '5m': '5/MINUTES',
+                '15m': '15/MINUTES',
+                '30m': '30/MINUTES',
+                '1h': '1/HOURS',
+                '4h': '4/HOURS',
+                '1d': '1/DAYS',
+                '1w': '1/WEEKS',
+                '1M': '1/MONTHS',
+            },
+            'urls': {
+                'logo': 'https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/51840849/87591171-9a377d80-c6f0-11ea-94ac-97a126eac3bc.jpg',
+                'api': {
+                    'public': 'https://api.exchange.bitpanda.com/public',
+                    'private': 'https://api.exchange.bitpanda.com/public',
+                },
+                'www': 'https://www.bitpanda.com/en/pro',
+                'doc': [
+                    'https://developers.bitpanda.com/exchange/',
+                ],
+                'fees': 'https://www.bitpanda.com/en/pro/fees',
+            },
+            'api': {
+                'public': {
+                    'get': [
+                        'currencies',
+                        'candlesticks/{instrument_code}',
+                        'fees',
+                        'instruments',
+                        'order-book/{instrument_code}',
+                        'market-ticker',
+                        'market-ticker/{instrument_code}',
+                        'price-ticks/{instrument_code}',
+                        'time',
+                    ],
+                },
+                'private': {
+                    'get': [
+                        'account/balances',
+                        'account/deposit/crypto/{currency_code}',
+                        'account/deposit/fiat/EUR',
+                        'account/deposits',
+                        'account/deposits/bitpanda',
+                        'account/withdrawals',
+                        'account/withdrawals/bitpanda',
+                        'account/fees',
+                        'account/orders',
+                        'account/orders/{order_id}',
+                        'account/orders/{order_id}/trades',
+                        'account/trades',
+                        'account/trades/{trade_id}',
+                        'account/trading-volume',
+                    ],
+                    'post': [
+                        'account/deposit/crypto',
+                        'account/withdraw/crypto',
+                        'account/withdraw/fiat',
+                        'account/fees',
+                        'account/orders',
+                    ],
+                    'delete': [
+                        'account/orders',
+                        'account/orders/{order_id}',
+                        'account/orders/client/{client_id}',
+                    ],
+                },
+            },
+            'fees': {
+                'trading': {
+                    'tierBased': true,
+                    'percentage': true,
+                    'taker': this.parseNumber ('0.0015'),
+                    'maker': this.parseNumber ('0.001'),
+                    'tiers': [
+                        // volume in BTC
+                        {
+                            'taker': [
+                                [ this.parseNumber ('0'), this.parseNumber ('0.0015') ],
+                                [ this.parseNumber ('100'), this.parseNumber ('0.0013') ],
+                                [ this.parseNumber ('250'), this.parseNumber ('0.0013') ],
+                                [ this.parseNumber ('1000'), this.parseNumber ('0.001') ],
+                                [ this.parseNumber ('5000'), this.parseNumber ('0.0009') ],
+                                [ this.parseNumber ('10000'), this.parseNumber ('0.00075') ],
+                                [ this.parseNumber ('20000'), this.parseNumber ('0.00065') ],
+                            ],
+                            'maker': [
+                                [ this.parseNumber ('0'), this.parseNumber ('0.001') ],
+                                [ this.parseNumber ('100'), this.parseNumber ('0.001') ],
+                                [ this.parseNumber ('250'), this.parseNumber ('0.0009') ],
+                                [ this.parseNumber ('1000'), this.parseNumber ('0.00075') ],
+                                [ this.parseNumber ('5000'), this.parseNumber ('0.0006') ],
+                                [ this.parseNumber ('10000'), this.parseNumber ('0.0005') ],
+                                [ this.parseNumber ('20000'), this.parseNumber ('0.0005') ],
+                            ],
+                        },
+                    ],
+                },
+            },
+            'requiredCredentials': {
+                'apiKey': true,
+                'secret': false,
+            },
+            'exceptions': {
+                'exact': {
+                    'INVALID_CLIENT_UUID': InvalidOrder,
+                    'ORDER_NOT_FOUND': OrderNotFound,
+                    'ONLY_ONE_ERC20_ADDRESS_ALLOWED': InvalidAddress,
+                    'DEPOSIT_ADDRESS_NOT_USED': InvalidAddress,
+                    'INVALID_CREDENTIALS': AuthenticationError,
+                    'MISSING_CREDENTIALS': AuthenticationError,
+                    'INVALID_APIKEY': AuthenticationError,
+                    'INVALID_SCOPES': AuthenticationError,
+                    'INVALID_SUBJECT': AuthenticationError,
+                    'INVALID_ISSUER': AuthenticationError,
+                    'INVALID_AUDIENCE': AuthenticationError,
+                    'INVALID_DEVICE_ID': AuthenticationError,
+                    'INVALID_IP_RESTRICTION': AuthenticationError,
+                    'APIKEY_REVOKED': AuthenticationError,
+                    'APIKEY_EXPIRED': AuthenticationError,
+                    'SYNCHRONIZER_TOKEN_MISMATCH': AuthenticationError,
+                    'SESSION_EXPIRED': AuthenticationError,
+                    'INTERNAL_ERROR': AuthenticationError,
+                    'CLIENT_IP_BLOCKED': PermissionDenied,
+                    'MISSING_PERMISSION': PermissionDenied,
+                    'ILLEGAL_CHARS': BadRequest,
+                    'UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE': BadRequest,
+                    'ACCOUNT_HISTORY_TIME_RANGE_TOO_BIG': BadRequest,
+                    'CANDLESTICKS_TIME_RANGE_TOO_BIG': BadRequest,
+                    'INVALID_INSTRUMENT_CODE': BadRequest,
+                    'INVALID_ORDER_TYPE': BadRequest,
+                    'INVALID_UNIT': BadRequest,
+                    'INVALID_PERIOD': BadRequest,
+                    'INVALID_TIME': BadRequest,
+                    'INVALID_DATE': BadRequest,
+                    'INVALID_CURRENCY': BadRequest,
+                    'INVALID_AMOUNT': BadRequest,
+                    'INVALID_PRICE': BadRequest,
+                    'INVALID_LIMIT': BadRequest,
+                    'INVALID_QUERY': BadRequest,
+                    'INVALID_CURSOR': BadRequest,
+                    'INVALID_ACCOUNT_ID': BadRequest,
+                    'INVALID_SIDE': InvalidOrder,
+                    'INVALID_ACCOUNT_HISTORY_FROM_TIME': BadRequest,
+                    'INVALID_ACCOUNT_HISTORY_MAX_PAGE_SIZE': BadRequest,
+                    'INVALID_ACCOUNT_HISTORY_TIME_PERIOD': BadRequest,
+                    'INVALID_ACCOUNT_HISTORY_TO_TIME': BadRequest,
+                    'INVALID_CANDLESTICKS_GRANULARITY': BadRequest,
+                    'INVALID_CANDLESTICKS_UNIT': BadRequest,
+                    'INVALID_ORDER_BOOK_DEPTH': BadRequest,
+                    'INVALID_ORDER_BOOK_LEVEL': BadRequest,
+                    'INVALID_PAGE_CURSOR': BadRequest,
+                    'INVALID_TIME_RANGE': BadRequest,
+                    'INVALID_TRADE_ID': BadRequest,
+                    'INVALID_UI_ACCOUNT_SETTINGS': BadRequest,
+                    'NEGATIVE_AMOUNT': InvalidOrder,
+                    'NEGATIVE_PRICE': InvalidOrder,
+                    'MIN_SIZE_NOT_SATISFIED': InvalidOrder,
+                    'BAD_AMOUNT_PRECISION': InvalidOrder,
+                    'BAD_PRICE_PRECISION': InvalidOrder,
+                    'BAD_TRIGGER_PRICE_PRECISION': InvalidOrder,
+                    'MAX_OPEN_ORDERS_EXCEEDED': BadRequest,
+                    'MISSING_PRICE': InvalidOrder,
+                    'MISSING_ORDER_TYPE': InvalidOrder,
+                    'MISSING_SIDE': InvalidOrder,
+                    'MISSING_CANDLESTICKS_PERIOD_PARAM': ArgumentsRequired,
+                    'MISSING_CANDLESTICKS_UNIT_PARAM': ArgumentsRequired,
+                    'MISSING_FROM_PARAM': ArgumentsRequired,
+                    'MISSING_INSTRUMENT_CODE': ArgumentsRequired,
+                    'MISSING_ORDER_ID': InvalidOrder,
+                    'MISSING_TO_PARAM': ArgumentsRequired,
+                    'MISSING_TRADE_ID': ArgumentsRequired,
+                    'INVALID_ORDER_ID': OrderNotFound,
+                    'NOT_FOUND': OrderNotFound,
+                    'INSUFFICIENT_LIQUIDITY': InsufficientFunds,
+                    'INSUFFICIENT_FUNDS': InsufficientFunds,
+                    'NO_TRADING': ExchangeNotAvailable,
+                    'SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE': ExchangeNotAvailable,
+                    'GATEWAY_TIMEOUT': ExchangeNotAvailable,
+                    'RATELIMIT': DDoSProtection,
+                    'CF_RATELIMIT': DDoSProtection,
+                    'INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR': ExchangeError,
+                },
+                'broad': {
+                },
+            },
+            'commonCurrencies': {
+                'MIOTA': 'IOTA', // https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/issues/7487
+            },
+            // exchange-specific options
+            'options': {
+                'fetchTradingFees': {
+                    'method': 'fetchPrivateTradingFees', // or 'fetchPublicTradingFees'
+                },
+                'fiat': [ 'EUR', 'CHF' ],
+            },
+        });
+    }
+
+    async fetchTime (params = {}) {
+        const response = await this.publicGetTime (params);
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         iso: '2020-07-10T05:17:26.716Z',
+        //         epoch_millis: 1594358246716,
+        //     }
+        //
+        return this.safeInteger (response, 'epoch_millis');
+    }
+
+    async fetchCurrencies (params = {}) {
+        const response = await this.publicGetCurrencies (params);
+        //
+        //     [
+        //         {
+        //             "code":"BEST",
+        //             "precision":8
+        //         }
+        //     ]
+        //
+        const result = {};
+        for (let i = 0; i < response.length; i++) {
+            const currency = response[i];
+            const id = this.safeString (currency, 'code');
+            const code = this.safeCurrencyCode (id);
+            result[code] = {
+                'id': id,
+                'code': code,
+                'name': undefined,
+                'info': currency, // the original payload
+                'active': undefined,
+                'fee': undefined,
+                'precision': this.safeInteger (currency, 'precision'),
+                'limits': {
+                    'amount': { 'min': undefined, 'max': undefined },
+                    'withdraw': { 'min': undefined, 'max': undefined },
+                },
+            };
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    async fetchMarkets (params = {}) {
+        const response = await this.publicGetInstruments (params);
+        //
+        //     [
+        //         {
+        //             state: 'ACTIVE',
+        //             base: { code: 'ETH', precision: 8 },
+        //             quote: { code: 'CHF', precision: 2 },
+        //             amount_precision: 4,
+        //             market_precision: 2,
+        //             min_size: '10.0'
+        //         }
+        //     ]
+        //
+        const result = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < response.length; i++) {
+            const market = response[i];
+            const baseAsset = this.safeValue (market, 'base', {});
+            const quoteAsset = this.safeValue (market, 'quote', {});
+            const baseId = this.safeString (baseAsset, 'code');
+            const quoteId = this.safeString (quoteAsset, 'code');
+            const id = baseId + '_' + quoteId;
+            const base = this.safeCurrencyCode (baseId);
+            const quote = this.safeCurrencyCode (quoteId);
+            const state = this.safeString (market, 'state');
+            result.push ({
+                'id': id,
+                'symbol': base + '/' + quote,
+                'base': base,
+                'quote': quote,
+                'settle': undefined,
+                'baseId': baseId,
+                'quoteId': quoteId,
+                'settleId': undefined,
+                'type': 'spot',
+                'spot': true,
+                'margin': false,
+                'swap': false,
+                'future': false,
+                'option': false,
+                'active': (state === 'ACTIVE'),
+                'contract': false,
+                'linear': undefined,
+                'inverse': undefined,
+                'contractSize': undefined,
+                'expiry': undefined,
+                'expiryDatetime': undefined,
+                'strike': undefined,
+                'optionType': undefined,
+                'precision': {
+                    'amount': this.safeInteger (market, 'amount_precision'),
+                    'price': this.safeInteger (market, 'market_precision'),
+                },
+                'limits': {
+                    'leverage': {
+                        'min': undefined,
+                        'max': undefined,
+                    },
+                    'amount': {
+                        'min': undefined,
+                        'max': undefined,
+                    },
+                    'price': {
+                        'min': undefined,
+                        'max': undefined,
+                    },
+                    'cost': {
+                        'min': this.safeNumber (market, 'min_size'),
+                        'max': undefined,
+                    },
+                },
+                'info': market,
+            });
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    async fetchTradingFees (params = {}) {
+        let method = this.safeString (params, 'method');
+        params = this.omit (params, 'method');
+        if (method === undefined) {
+            const options = this.safeValue (this.options, 'fetchTradingFees', {});
+            method = this.safeString (options, 'method', 'fetchPrivateTradingFees');
+        }
+        return await this[method] (params);
+    }
+
+    async fetchPublicTradingFees (params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets ();
+        const response = await this.publicGetFees (params);
+        //
+        //     [
+        //         {
+        //             "fee_group_id":"default",
+        //             "display_text":"The standard fee plan.",
+        //             "fee_tiers":[
+        //                 {"volume":"0.0","fee_group_id":"default","maker_fee":"0.1","taker_fee":"0.15"},
+        //                 {"volume":"100.0","fee_group_id":"default","maker_fee":"0.1","taker_fee":"0.13"},
+        //                 {"volume":"250.0","fee_group_id":"default","maker_fee":"0.09","taker_fee":"0.13"},
+        //                 {"volume":"1000.0","fee_group_id":"default","maker_fee":"0.075","taker_fee":"0.1"},
+        //                 {"volume":"5000.0","fee_group_id":"default","maker_fee":"0.06","taker_fee":"0.09"},
+        //                 {"volume":"10000.0","fee_group_id":"default","maker_fee":"0.05","taker_fee":"0.075"},
+        //                 {"volume":"20000.0","fee_group_id":"default","maker_fee":"0.05","taker_fee":"0.065"}
+        //             ],
+        //             "fee_discount_rate":"25.0",
+        //             "minimum_price_value":"0.12"
+        //         }
+        //     ]
+        //
+        const first = this.safeValue (response, 0, {});
+        const feeTiers = this.safeValue (first, 'fee_tiers');
+        const tiers = this.parseFeeTiers (feeTiers);
+        const firstTier = this.safeValue (feeTiers, 0, {});
+        const result = {};
+        for (let i = 0; i < this.symbols.length; i++) {
+            const symbol = this.symbols[i];
+            result[symbol] = {
+                'info': first,
+                'symbol': symbol,
+                'maker': this.safeNumber (firstTier, 'maker_fee'),
+                'taker': this.safeNumber (firstTier, 'taker_fee'),
+                'percentage': true,
+                'tierBased': true,
+                'tiers': tiers,
+            };
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    async fetchPrivateTradingFees (params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets ();
+        const response = await this.privateGetAccountFees (params);
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "account_id": "ed524d00-820a-11e9-8f1e-69602df16d85",
+        //         "running_trading_volume": "0.0",
+        //         "fee_group_id": "default",
+        //         "collect_fees_in_best": false,
+        //         "fee_discount_rate": "25.0",
+        //         "minimum_price_value": "0.12",
+        //         "fee_tiers": [
+        //             { "volume": "0.0", "fee_group_id": "default", "maker_fee": "0.1", "taker_fee": "0.1" },
+        //             { "volume": "100.0", "fee_group_id": "default", "maker_fee": "0.09", "taker_fee": "0.1" },
+        //             { "volume": "250.0", "fee_group_id": "default", "maker_fee": "0.08", "taker_fee": "0.1" },
+        //             { "volume": "1000.0", "fee_group_id": "default", "maker_fee": "0.07", "taker_fee": "0.09" },
+        //             { "volume": "5000.0", "fee_group_id": "default", "maker_fee": "0.06", "taker_fee": "0.08" },
+        //             { "volume": "10000.0", "fee_group_id": "default", "maker_fee": "0.05", "taker_fee": "0.07" },
+        //             { "volume": "20000.0", "fee_group_id": "default", "maker_fee": "0.05", "taker_fee": "0.06" },
+        //             { "volume": "50000.0", "fee_group_id": "default", "maker_fee": "0.05", "taker_fee": "0.05" }
+        //         ],
+        //         "active_fee_tier": { "volume": "0.0", "fee_group_id": "default", "maker_fee": "0.1", "taker_fee": "0.1" }
+        //     }
+        //
+        const activeFeeTier = this.safeValue (response, 'active_fee_tier', {});
+        let makerFee = this.safeString (activeFeeTier, 'maker_fee');
+        let takerFee = this.safeString (activeFeeTier, 'taker_fee');
+        makerFee = Precise.stringDiv (makerFee, '100');
+        takerFee = Precise.stringDiv (takerFee, '100');
+        const feeTiers = this.safeValue (response, 'fee_tiers');
+        const result = {};
+        const tiers = this.parseFeeTiers (feeTiers);
+        for (let i = 0; i < this.symbols.length; i++) {
+            const symbol = this.symbols[i];
+            result[symbol] = {
+                'info': response,
+                'symbol': symbol,
+                'maker': this.parseNumber (makerFee),
+                'taker': this.parseNumber (takerFee),
+                'percentage': true,
+                'tierBased': true,
+                'tiers': tiers,
+            };
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    parseFeeTiers (feeTiers, market = undefined) {
+        const takerFees = [];
+        const makerFees = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < feeTiers.length; i++) {
+            const tier = feeTiers[i];
+            const volume = this.safeNumber (tier, 'volume');
+            let taker = this.safeString (tier, 'taker_fee');
+            let maker = this.safeString (tier, 'maker_fee');
+            maker = Precise.stringDiv (maker, '100');
+            taker = Precise.stringDiv (taker, '100');
+            makerFees.push ([ volume, this.parseNumber (maker) ]);
+            takerFees.push ([ volume, this.parseNumber (taker) ]);
+        }
+        return {
+            'maker': makerFees,
+            'taker': takerFees,
+        };
+    }
+
+    parseTicker (ticker, market = undefined) {
+        //
+        // fetchTicker, fetchTickers
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "instrument_code":"BTC_EUR",
+        //         "sequence":602562,
+        //         "time":"2020-07-10T06:27:34.951Z",
+        //         "state":"ACTIVE",
+        //         "is_frozen":0,
+        //         "quote_volume":"1695555.1783768",
+        //         "base_volume":"205.67436",
+        //         "last_price":"8143.91",
+        //         "best_bid":"8143.71",
+        //         "best_ask":"8156.9",
+        //         "price_change":"-147.47",
+        //         "price_change_percentage":"-1.78",
+        //         "high":"8337.45",
+        //         "low":"8110.0"
+        //     }
+        //
+        const timestamp = this.parse8601 (this.safeString (ticker, 'time'));
+        const marketId = this.safeString (ticker, 'instrument_code');
+        const symbol = this.safeSymbol (marketId, market, '_');
+        const last = this.safeString (ticker, 'last_price');
+        const percentage = this.safeString (ticker, 'price_change_percentage');
+        const change = this.safeString (ticker, 'price_change');
+        const baseVolume = this.safeString (ticker, 'base_volume');
+        const quoteVolume = this.safeString (ticker, 'quote_volume');
+        return this.safeTicker ({
+            'symbol': symbol,
+            'timestamp': timestamp,
+            'datetime': this.iso8601 (timestamp),
+            'high': this.safeString (ticker, 'high'),
+            'low': this.safeString (ticker, 'low'),
+            'bid': this.safeString (ticker, 'best_bid'),
+            'bidVolume': undefined,
+            'ask': this.safeString (ticker, 'best_ask'),
+            'askVolume': undefined,
+            'vwap': undefined,
+            'open': undefined,
+            'close': last,
+            'last': last,
+            'previousClose': undefined,
+            'change': change,
+            'percentage': percentage,
+            'average': undefined,
+            'baseVolume': baseVolume,
+            'quoteVolume': quoteVolume,
+            'info': ticker,
+        }, market, false);
+    }
+
+    async fetchTicker (symbol, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets ();
+        const market = this.market (symbol);
+        const request = {
+            'instrument_code': market['id'],
+        };
+        const response = await this.publicGetMarketTickerInstrumentCode (this.extend (request, params));
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "instrument_code":"BTC_EUR",
+        //         "sequence":602562,
+        //         "time":"2020-07-10T06:27:34.951Z",
+        //         "state":"ACTIVE",
+        //         "is_frozen":0,
+        //         "quote_volume":"1695555.1783768",
+        //         "base_volume":"205.67436",
+        //         "last_price":"8143.91",
+        //         "best_bid":"8143.71",
+        //         "best_ask":"8156.9",
+        //         "price_change":"-147.47",
+        //         "price_change_percentage":"-1.78",
+        //         "high":"8337.45",
+        //         "low":"8110.0"
+        //     }
+        //
+        return this.parseTicker (response, market);
+    }
+
+    async fetchTickers (symbols = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets ();
+        const response = await this.publicGetMarketTicker (params);
+        //
+        //     [
+        //         {
+        //             "instrument_code":"BTC_EUR",
+        //             "sequence":602562,
+        //             "time":"2020-07-10T06:27:34.951Z",
+        //             "state":"ACTIVE",
+        //             "is_frozen":0,
+        //             "quote_volume":"1695555.1783768",
+        //             "base_volume":"205.67436",
+        //             "last_price":"8143.91",
+        //             "best_bid":"8143.71",
+        //             "best_ask":"8156.9",
+        //             "price_change":"-147.47",
+        //             "price_change_percentage":"-1.78",
+        //             "high":"8337.45",
+        //             "low":"8110.0"
+        //         }
+        //     ]
+        //
+        const result = {};
+        for (let i = 0; i < response.length; i++) {
+            const ticker = this.parseTicker (response[i]);
+            const symbol = ticker['symbol'];
+            result[symbol] = ticker;
+        }
+        return this.filterByArray (result, 'symbol', symbols);
+    }
+
+    async fetchOrderBook (symbol, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets ();
+        const request = {
+            'instrument_code': this.marketId (symbol),
+            // level 1 means only the best bid and ask
+            // level 2 is a compiled order book up to market precision
+            // level 3 is a full orderbook
+            // if you wish to get regular updates about orderbooks please use the Websocket channel
+            // heavy usage of this endpoint may result in limited access according to rate limits rules
+            // 'level': 3, // default
+        };
+        if (limit !== undefined) {
+            request['depth'] = limit;
+        }
+        const response = await this.publicGetOrderBookInstrumentCode (this.extend (request, params));
+        //
+        // level 1
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "instrument_code":"BTC_EUR",
+        //         "time":"2020-07-10T07:39:06.343Z",
+        //         "asks":{
+        //             "value":{
+        //                 "price":"8145.29",
+        //                 "amount":"0.96538",
+        //                 "number_of_orders":1
+        //             }
+        //         },
+        //         "bids":{
+        //             "value":{
+        //                 "price":"8134.0",
+        //                 "amount":"1.5978",
+        //                 "number_of_orders":5
+        //             }
+        //         }
+        //     }
+        //
+        // level 2
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "instrument_code":"BTC_EUR","time":"2020-07-10T07:36:43.538Z",
+        //         "asks":[
+        //             {"price":"8146.59","amount":"0.89691","number_of_orders":1},
+        //             {"price":"8146.89","amount":"1.92062","number_of_orders":1},
+        //             {"price":"8169.5","amount":"0.0663","number_of_orders":1},
+        //         ],
+        //         "bids":[
+        //             {"price":"8143.49","amount":"0.01329","number_of_orders":1},
+        //             {"price":"8137.01","amount":"5.34748","number_of_orders":1},
+        //             {"price":"8137.0","amount":"2.0","number_of_orders":1},
+        //         ]
+        //     }
+        //
+        // level 3
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "instrument_code":"BTC_EUR",
+        //         "time":"2020-07-10T07:32:31.525Z",
+        //         "bids":[
+        //             {"price":"8146.79","amount":"0.01537","order_id":"5d717da1-a8f4-422d-afcc-03cb6ab66825"},
+        //             {"price":"8139.32","amount":"3.66009","order_id":"d0715c68-f28d-4cf1-a450-d56cf650e11c"},
+        //             {"price":"8137.51","amount":"2.61049","order_id":"085fd6f4-e835-4ca5-9449-a8f165772e60"},
+        //         ],
+        //         "asks":[
+        //             {"price":"8153.49","amount":"0.93384","order_id":"755d3aa3-42b5-46fa-903d-98f42e9ae6c4"},
+        //             {"price":"8153.79","amount":"1.80456","order_id":"62034cf3-b70d-45ff-b285-ba6307941e7c"},
+        //             {"price":"8167.9","amount":"0.0018","order_id":"036354e0-71cd-492f-94f2-01f7d4b66422"},
+        //         ]
+        //     }
+        //
+        const timestamp = this.parse8601 (this.safeString (response, 'time'));
+        return this.parseOrderBook (response, symbol, timestamp, 'bids', 'asks', 'price', 'amount');
+    }
+
+    parseOHLCV (ohlcv, market = undefined) {
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "instrument_code":"BTC_EUR",
+        //         "granularity":{"unit":"HOURS","period":1},
+        //         "high":"9252.65",
+        //         "low":"9115.27",
+        //         "open":"9250.0",
+        //         "close":"9132.35",
+        //         "total_amount":"33.85924",
+        //         "volume":"311958.9635744",
+        //         "time":"2020-05-08T22:59:59.999Z",
+        //         "last_sequence":461123
+        //     }
+        //
+        const granularity = this.safeValue (ohlcv, 'granularity');
+        const unit = this.safeString (granularity, 'unit');
+        const period = this.safeString (granularity, 'period');
+        const units = {
+            'MINUTES': 'm',
+            'HOURS': 'h',
+            'DAYS': 'd',
+            'WEEKS': 'w',
+            'MONTHS': 'M',
+        };
+        const lowercaseUnit = this.safeString (units, unit);
+        const timeframe = period + lowercaseUnit;
+        const durationInSeconds = this.parseTimeframe (timeframe);
+        const duration = durationInSeconds * 1000;
+        const timestamp = this.parse8601 (this.safeString (ohlcv, 'time'));
+        const alignedTimestamp = duration * parseInt (timestamp / duration);
+        const options = this.safeValue (this.options, 'fetchOHLCV', {});
+        const volumeField = this.safeString (options, 'volume', 'total_amount');
+        return [
+            alignedTimestamp,
+            this.safeNumber (ohlcv, 'open'),
+            this.safeNumber (ohlcv, 'high'),
+            this.safeNumber (ohlcv, 'low'),
+            this.safeNumber (ohlcv, 'close'),
+            this.safeNumber (ohlcv, volumeField),
+        ];
+    }
+
+    async fetchOHLCV (symbol, timeframe = '1m', since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets ();
+        const market = this.market (symbol);
+        const periodUnit = this.safeString (this.timeframes, timeframe);
+        const [ period, unit ] = periodUnit.split ('/');
+        const durationInSeconds = this.parseTimeframe (timeframe);
+        const duration = durationInSeconds * 1000;
+        if (limit === undefined) {
+            limit = 1500;
+        }
+        const request = {
+            'instrument_code': market['id'],
+            // 'from': this.iso8601 (since),
+            // 'to': this.iso8601 (this.milliseconds ()),
+            'period': period,
+            'unit': unit,
+        };
+        if (since === undefined) {
+            const now = this.milliseconds ();
+            request['to'] = this.iso8601 (now);
+            request['from'] = this.iso8601 (now - limit * duration);
+        } else {
+            request['from'] = this.iso8601 (since);
+            request['to'] = this.iso8601 (this.sum (since, limit * duration));
+        }
+        const response = await this.publicGetCandlesticksInstrumentCode (this.extend (request, params));
+        //
+        //     [
+        //         {"instrument_code":"BTC_EUR","granularity":{"unit":"HOURS","period":1},"high":"9252.65","low":"9115.27","open":"9250.0","close":"9132.35","total_amount":"33.85924","volume":"311958.9635744","time":"2020-05-08T22:59:59.999Z","last_sequence":461123},
+        //         {"instrument_code":"BTC_EUR","granularity":{"unit":"HOURS","period":1},"high":"9162.49","low":"9040.0","open":"9132.53","close":"9083.69","total_amount":"26.19685","volume":"238553.7812365","time":"2020-05-08T23:59:59.999Z","last_sequence":461376},
+        //         {"instrument_code":"BTC_EUR","granularity":{"unit":"HOURS","period":1},"high":"9135.7","low":"9002.59","open":"9055.45","close":"9133.98","total_amount":"26.21919","volume":"238278.8724959","time":"2020-05-09T00:59:59.999Z","last_sequence":461521},
+        //     ]
+        //
+        return this.parseOHLCVs (response, market, timeframe, since, limit);
+    }
+
+    parseTrade (trade, market = undefined) {
+        //
+        // fetchTrades (public)
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "instrument_code":"BTC_EUR",
+        //         "price":"8137.28",
+        //         "amount":"0.22269",
+        //         "taker_side":"BUY",
+        //         "volume":"1812.0908832",
+        //         "time":"2020-07-10T14:44:32.299Z",
+        //         "trade_timestamp":1594392272299,
+        //         "sequence":603047
+        //     }
+        //
+        // fetchMyTrades, fetchOrder, fetchOpenOrders, fetchClosedOrders trades (private)
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "fee": {
+        //             "fee_amount": "0.0014",
+        //             "fee_currency": "BTC",
+        //             "fee_percentage": "0.1",
+        //             "fee_group_id": "default",
+        //             "fee_type": "TAKER",
+        //             "running_trading_volume": "0.0"
+        //         },
+        //         "trade": {
+        //             "trade_id": "fdff2bcc-37d6-4a2d-92a5-46e09c868664",
+        //             "order_id": "36bb2437-7402-4794-bf26-4bdf03526439",
+        //             "account_id": "a4c699f6-338d-4a26-941f-8f9853bfc4b9",
+        //             "amount": "1.4",
+        //             "side": "BUY",
+        //             "instrument_code": "BTC_EUR",
+        //             "price": "7341.4",
+        //             "time": "2019-09-27T15:05:32.564Z",
+        //             "sequence": 48670
+        //         }
+        //     }
+        //
+        const feeInfo = this.safeValue (trade, 'fee', {});
+        trade = this.safeValue (trade, 'trade', trade);
+        let timestamp = this.safeInteger (trade, 'trade_timestamp');
+        if (timestamp === undefined) {
+            timestamp = this.parse8601 (this.safeString (trade, 'time'));
+        }
+        const side = this.safeStringLower2 (trade, 'side', 'taker_side');
+        const priceString = this.safeString (trade, 'price');
+        const amountString = this.safeString (trade, 'amount');
+        const costString = this.safeString (trade, 'volume');
+        const marketId = this.safeString (trade, 'instrument_code');
+        const symbol = this.safeSymbol (marketId, market, '_');
+        const feeCostString = this.safeString (feeInfo, 'fee_amount');
+        let takerOrMaker = undefined;
+        let fee = undefined;
+        if (feeCostString !== undefined) {
+            const feeCurrencyId = this.safeString (feeInfo, 'fee_currency');
+            const feeCurrencyCode = this.safeCurrencyCode (feeCurrencyId);
+            const feeRateString = this.safeString (feeInfo, 'fee_percentage');
+            fee = {
+                'cost': feeCostString,
+                'currency': feeCurrencyCode,
+                'rate': feeRateString,
+            };
+            takerOrMaker = this.safeStringLower (feeInfo, 'fee_type');
+        }
+        return this.safeTrade ({
+            'id': this.safeString2 (trade, 'trade_id', 'sequence'),
+            'order': this.safeString (trade, 'order_id'),
+            'timestamp': timestamp,
+            'datetime': this.iso8601 (timestamp),
+            'symbol': symbol,
+            'type': undefined,
+            'side': side,
+            'price': priceString,
+            'amount': amountString,
+            'cost': costString,
+            'takerOrMaker': takerOrMaker,
+            'fee': fee,
+            'info': trade,
+        }, market);
+    }
+
+    async fetchTrades (symbol, since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets ();
+        const market = this.market (symbol);
+        const request = {
+            'instrument_code': market['id'],
+            // 'from': this.iso8601 (since),
+            // 'to': this.iso8601 (this.milliseconds ()),
+        };
+        if (since !== undefined) {
+            // returns price ticks for a specific market with an interval of maximum of 4 hours
+            // sorted by latest first
+            request['from'] = this.iso8601 (since);
+            request['to'] = this.iso8601 (this.sum (since, 14400000));
+        }
+        const response = await this.publicGetPriceTicksInstrumentCode (this.extend (request, params));
+        //
+        //     [
+        //         {
+        //             "instrument_code":"BTC_EUR",
+        //             "price":"8137.28",
+        //             "amount":"0.22269",
+        //             "taker_side":"BUY",
+        //             "volume":"1812.0908832",
+        //             "time":"2020-07-10T14:44:32.299Z",
+        //             "trade_timestamp":1594392272299,
+        //             "sequence":603047
+        //         }
+        //     ]
+        //
+        return this.parseTrades (response, market, since, limit);
+    }
+
+    parseBalance (response) {
+        const balances = this.safeValue (response, 'balances', []);
+        const result = { 'info': response };
+        for (let i = 0; i < balances.length; i++) {
+            const balance = balances[i];
+            const currencyId = this.safeString (balance, 'currency_code');
+            const code = this.safeCurrencyCode (currencyId);
+            const account = this.account ();
+            account['free'] = this.safeString (balance, 'available');
+            account['used'] = this.safeString (balance, 'locked');
+            result[code] = account;
+        }
+        return this.safeBalance (result);
+    }
+
+    async fetchBalance (params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets ();
+        const response = await this.privateGetAccountBalances (params);
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "account_id":"4b95934f-55f1-460c-a525-bd5afc0cf071",
+        //         "balances":[
+        //             {
+        //                 "account_id":"4b95934f-55f1-460c-a525-bd5afc0cf071",
+        //                 "currency_code":"BTC",
+        //                 "change":"10.0",
+        //                 "available":"10.0",
+        //                 "locked":"0.0",
+        //                 "sequence":142135994,
+        //                 "time":"2020-07-01T10:57:32.959Z"
+        //             }
+        //         ]
+        //     }
+        //
+        return this.parseBalance (response);
+    }
+
+    parseDepositAddress (depositAddress, currency = undefined) {
+        let code = undefined;
+        if (currency !== undefined) {
+            code = currency['code'];
+        }
+        const address = this.safeString (depositAddress, 'address');
+        const tag = this.safeString (depositAddress, 'destination_tag');
+        this.checkAddress (address);
+        return {
+            'currency': code,
+            'address': address,
+            'tag': tag,
+            'network': undefined,
+            'info': depositAddress,
+        };
+    }
+
+    async createDepositAddress (code, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets ();
+        const currency = this.currency (code);
+        const request = {
+            'currency': currency['id'],
+        };
+        const response = await this.privatePostAccountDepositCrypto (this.extend (request, params));
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "address":"rBnNhk95FrdNisZtXcStzriFS8vEzz53DM",
+        //         "destination_tag":"865690307",
+        //         "enabled":true,
+        //         "is_smart_contract":false
+        //     }
+        //
+        return this.parseDepositAddress (response, currency);
+    }
+
+    async fetchDepositAddress (code, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets ();
+        const currency = this.currency (code);
+        const request = {
+            'currency_code': currency['id'],
+        };
+        const response = await this.privateGetAccountDepositCryptoCurrencyCode (this.extend (request, params));
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "address":"rBnNhk95FrdNisZtXcStzriFS8vEzz53DM",
+        //         "destination_tag":"865690307",
+        //         "enabled":true,
+        //         "is_smart_contract":false,
+        //         "can_create_more":false
+        //     }
+        //
+        return this.parseDepositAddress (response, currency);
+    }
+
+    async fetchDeposits (code = undefined, since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets ();
+        const request = {
+            // 'cursor': 'string', // pointer specifying the position from which the next pages should be returned
+        };
+        let currency = undefined;
+        if (code !== undefined) {
+            currency = this.currency (code);
+            request['currency_code'] = currency['id'];
+        }
+        if (limit !== undefined) {
+            request['max_page_size'] = limit;
+        }
+        if (since !== undefined) {
+            const to = this.safeString (params, 'to');
+            if (to === undefined) {
+                throw new ArgumentsRequired (this.id + ' fetchDeposits() requires a "to" iso8601 string param with the since argument is specified');
+            }
+            request['from'] = this.iso8601 (since);
+        }
+        const response = await this.privateGetAccountDeposits (this.extend (request, params));
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "deposit_history": [
+        //             {
+        //                 "transaction_id": "e5342efcd-d5b7-4a56-8e12-b69ffd68c5ef",
+        //                 "account_id": "c2d0076a-c20d-41f8-9e9a-1a1d028b2b58",
+        //                 "amount": "100",
+        //                 "type": "CRYPTO",
+        //                 "funds_source": "INTERNAL",
+        //                 "time": "2020-04-22T09:57:47Z",
+        //                 "currency": "BTC",
+        //                 "fee_amount": "0.0",
+        //                 "fee_currency": "BTC"
+        //             },
+        //             {
+        //                 "transaction_id": "79793d00-2899-4a4d-95b7-73ae6b31384f",
+        //                 "account_id": "c2d0076a-c20d-41f8-9e9a-1a1d028b2b58",
+        //                 "time": "2020-05-05T11:22:07.925Z",
+        //                 "currency": "EUR",
+        //                 "funds_source": "EXTERNAL",
+        //                 "type": "FIAT",
+        //                 "amount": "50.0",
+        //                 "fee_amount": "0.01",
+        //                 "fee_currency": "EUR"
+        //             }
+        //         ],
+        //         "max_page_size": 2,
+        //         "cursor": "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"
+        //     }
+        //
+        const depositHistory = this.safeValue (response, 'deposit_history', []);
+        return this.parseTransactions (depositHistory, currency, since, limit, { 'type': 'deposit' });
+    }
+
+    async fetchWithdrawals (code = undefined, since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets ();
+        const request = {
+            // 'cursor': 'string', // pointer specifying the position from which the next pages should be returned
+        };
+        let currency = undefined;
+        if (code !== undefined) {
+            currency = this.currency (code);
+            request['currency_code'] = currency['id'];
+        }
+        if (limit !== undefined) {
+            request['max_page_size'] = limit;
+        }
+        if (since !== undefined) {
+            const to = this.safeString (params, 'to');
+            if (to === undefined) {
+                throw new ArgumentsRequired (this.id + ' fetchWithdrawals() requires a "to" iso8601 string param with the since argument is specified');
+            }
+            request['from'] = this.iso8601 (since);
+        }
+        const response = await this.privateGetAccountWithdrawals (this.extend (request, params));
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "withdrawal_history": [
+        //             {
+        //                 "account_id": "e369ac80-4577-11e9-ae08-9bedc4790b84",
+        //                 "amount": "0.1",
+        //                 "currency": "BTC",
+        //                 "fee_amount": "0.00002",
+        //                 "fee_currency": "BTC",
+        //                 "funds_source": "EXTERNAL",
+        //                 "related_transaction_id": "e298341a-3855-405e-bce3-92db368a3157",
+        //                 "time": "2020-05-05T11:11:32.110Z",
+        //                 "transaction_id": "6693ff40-bb10-4dcf-ada7-3b287727c882",
+        //                 "type": "CRYPTO"
+        //             },
+        //             {
+        //                 "account_id": "e369ac80-4577-11e9-ae08-9bedc4790b84",
+        //                 "amount": "0.1",
+        //                 "currency": "BTC",
+        //                 "fee_amount": "0.0",
+        //                 "fee_currency": "BTC",
+        //                 "funds_source": "INTERNAL",
+        //                 "time": "2020-05-05T10:29:53.464Z",
+        //                 "transaction_id": "ec9703b1-954b-4f76-adea-faac66eabc0b",
+        //                 "type": "CRYPTO"
+        //             }
+        //         ],
+        //         "cursor": "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",
+        //         "max_page_size": 2
+        //     }
+        //
+        const withdrawalHistory = this.safeValue (response, 'withdrawal_history', []);
+        return this.parseTransactions (withdrawalHistory, currency, since, limit, { 'type': 'withdrawal' });
+    }
+
+    async withdraw (code, amount, address, tag = undefined, params = {}) {
+        [ tag, params ] = this.handleWithdrawTagAndParams (tag, params);
+        this.checkAddress (address);
+        await this.loadMarkets ();
+        const currency = this.currency (code);
+        const request = {
+            'currency': code,
+            'amount': this.currencyToPrecision (code, amount),
+            // 'payout_account_id': '66756a10-3e86-48f4-9678-b634c4b135b2', // fiat only
+            // 'recipient': { // crypto only
+            //     'address': address,
+            //     // 'destination_tag': '',
+            // },
+        };
+        const options = this.safeValue (this.options, 'fiat', []);
+        const isFiat = this.inArray (code, options);
+        const method = isFiat ? 'privatePostAccountWithdrawFiat' : 'privatePostAccountWithdrawCrypto';
+        if (isFiat) {
+            const payoutAccountId = this.safeString (params, 'payout_account_id');
+            if (payoutAccountId === undefined) {
+                throw ArgumentsRequired (this.id + ' withdraw() requires a payout_account_id param for fiat ' + code + ' withdrawals');
+            }
+        } else {
+            const recipient = { 'address': address };
+            if (tag !== undefined) {
+                recipient['destination_tag'] = tag;
+            }
+            request['recipient'] = recipient;
+        }
+        const response = await this[method] (this.extend (request, params));
+        //
+        // crypto
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "amount": "1234.5678",
+        //         "fee": "1234.5678",
+        //         "recipient": "3NacQ7rzZdhfyAtfJ5a11k8jFPdcMP2Bq7",
+        //         "destination_tag": "",
+        //         "transaction_id": "d0f8529f-f832-4e6a-9dc5-b8d5797badb2"
+        //     }
+        //
+        // fiat
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "transaction_id": "54236cd0-4413-11e9-93fb-5fea7e5b5df6"
+        //     }
+        //
+        return this.parseTransaction (response, currency);
+    }
+
+    parseTransaction (transaction, currency = undefined) {
+        //
+        // fetchDeposits, fetchWithdrawals
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "transaction_id": "C2b42efcd-d5b7-4a56-8e12-b69ffd68c5ef",
+        //         "type": "FIAT",
+        //         "account_id": "c2d0076a-c20d-41f8-9e9a-1a1d028b2b58",
+        //         "amount": "1234.5678",
+        //         "time": "2019-08-24T14:15:22Z",
+        //         "funds_source": "INTERNAL",
+        //         "currency": "BTC",
+        //         "fee_amount": "1234.5678",
+        //         "fee_currency": "BTC",
+        //         "blockchain_transaction_id": "f4184fc596403b9d638783cf57adfe4c75c605f6356fbc91338530e9831e9e16",
+        //         "related_transaction_id": "e298341a-3855-405e-bce3-92db368a3157"
+        //     }
+        //
+        // withdraw
+        //
+        //
+        //     crypto
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "amount": "1234.5678",
+        //         "fee": "1234.5678",
+        //         "recipient": "3NacQ7rzZdhfyAtfJ5a11k8jFPdcMP2Bq7",
+        //         "destination_tag": "",
+        //         "transaction_id": "d0f8529f-f832-4e6a-9dc5-b8d5797badb2"
+        //     }
+        //
+        //     fiat
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "transaction_id": "54236cd0-4413-11e9-93fb-5fea7e5b5df6"
+        //     }
+        //
+        const id = this.safeString (transaction, 'transaction_id');
+        const amount = this.safeNumber (transaction, 'amount');
+        const timestamp = this.parse8601 (this.safeString (transaction, 'time'));
+        const currencyId = this.safeString (transaction, 'currency');
+        currency = this.safeCurrency (currencyId, currency);
+        const status = 'ok'; // the exchange returns cleared transactions only
+        const feeCost = this.safeNumber2 (transaction, 'fee_amount', 'fee');
+        let fee = undefined;
+        const addressTo = this.safeString (transaction, 'recipient');
+        const tagTo = this.safeString (transaction, 'destination_tag');
+        if (feeCost !== undefined) {
+            const feeCurrencyId = this.safeString (transaction, 'fee_currency', currencyId);
+            const feeCurrencyCode = this.safeCurrencyCode (feeCurrencyId);
+            fee = {
+                'cost': feeCost,
+                'currency': feeCurrencyCode,
+            };
+        }
+        return {
+            'info': transaction,
+            'id': id,
+            'currency': currency['code'],
+            'amount': amount,
+            'network': undefined,
+            'address': addressTo,
+            'addressFrom': undefined,
+            'addressTo': addressTo,
+            'tag': tagTo,
+            'tagFrom': undefined,
+            'tagTo': tagTo,
+            'status': status,
+            'type': undefined,
+            'updated': undefined,
+            'txid': this.safeString (transaction, 'blockchain_transaction_id'),
+            'timestamp': timestamp,
+            'datetime': this.iso8601 (timestamp),
+            'fee': fee,
+        };
+    }
+
+    parseOrderStatus (status) {
+        const statuses = {
+            'FILLED': 'open',
+            'FILLED_FULLY': 'closed',
+            'FILLED_CLOSED': 'canceled',
+            'FILLED_REJECTED': 'rejected',
+            'OPEN': 'open',
+            'REJECTED': 'rejected',
+            'CLOSED': 'canceled',
+            'FAILED': 'failed',
+            'STOP_TRIGGERED': 'triggered',
+        };
+        return this.safeString (statuses, status, status);
+    }
+
+    parseOrder (order, market = undefined) {
+        //
+        // createOrder
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "order_id": "d5492c24-2995-4c18-993a-5b8bf8fffc0d",
+        //         "client_id": "d75fb03b-b599-49e9-b926-3f0b6d103206",
+        //         "account_id": "a4c699f6-338d-4a26-941f-8f9853bfc4b9",
+        //         "instrument_code": "BTC_EUR",
+        //         "time": "2019-08-01T08:00:44.026Z",
+        //         "side": "BUY",
+        //         "price": "5000",
+        //         "amount": "1",
+        //         "filled_amount": "0.5",
+        //         "type": "LIMIT",
+        //         "time_in_force": "GOOD_TILL_CANCELLED"
+        //     }
+        //
+        // fetchOrder, fetchOpenOrders, fetchClosedOrders
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "order": {
+        //             "order_id": "66756a10-3e86-48f4-9678-b634c4b135b2",
+        //             "account_id": "1eb2ad5d-55f1-40b5-bc92-7dc05869e905",
+        //             "instrument_code": "BTC_EUR",
+        //             "amount": "1234.5678",
+        //             "filled_amount": "1234.5678",
+        //             "side": "BUY",
+        //             "type": "LIMIT",
+        //             "status": "OPEN",
+        //             "sequence": 123456789,
+        //             "price": "1234.5678",
+        //             "average_price": "1234.5678",
+        //             "reason": "INSUFFICIENT_FUNDS",
+        //             "time": "2019-08-24T14:15:22Z",
+        //             "time_in_force": "GOOD_TILL_CANCELLED",
+        //             "time_last_updated": "2019-08-24T14:15:22Z",
+        //             "expire_after": "2019-08-24T14:15:22Z",
+        //             "is_post_only": false,
+        //             "time_triggered": "2019-08-24T14:15:22Z",
+        //             "trigger_price": "1234.5678"
+        //         },
+        //         "trades": [
+        //             {
+        //                 "fee": {
+        //                     "fee_amount": "0.0014",
+        //                     "fee_currency": "BTC",
+        //                     "fee_percentage": "0.1",
+        //                     "fee_group_id": "default",
+        //                     "fee_type": "TAKER",
+        //                     "running_trading_volume": "0.0"
+        //                 },
+        //                 "trade": {
+        //                     "trade_id": "fdff2bcc-37d6-4a2d-92a5-46e09c868664",
+        //                     "order_id": "36bb2437-7402-4794-bf26-4bdf03526439",
+        //                     "account_id": "a4c699f6-338d-4a26-941f-8f9853bfc4b9",
+        //                     "amount": "1.4",
+        //                     "side": "BUY",
+        //                     "instrument_code": "BTC_EUR",
+        //                     "price": "7341.4",
+        //                     "time": "2019-09-27T15:05:32.564Z",
+        //                     "sequence": 48670
+        //                 }
+        //             }
+        //         ]
+        //     }
+        //
+        const rawOrder = this.safeValue (order, 'order', order);
+        const id = this.safeString (rawOrder, 'order_id');
+        const clientOrderId = this.safeString (rawOrder, 'client_id');
+        const timestamp = this.parse8601 (this.safeString (rawOrder, 'time'));
+        const rawStatus = this.parseOrderStatus (this.safeString (rawOrder, 'status'));
+        const status = this.parseOrderStatus (rawStatus);
+        const marketId = this.safeString (rawOrder, 'instrument_code');
+        const symbol = this.safeSymbol (marketId, market, '_');
+        const price = this.safeString (rawOrder, 'price');
+        const amount = this.safeString (rawOrder, 'amount');
+        const filled = this.safeString (rawOrder, 'filled_amount');
+        const side = this.safeStringLower (rawOrder, 'side');
+        const type = this.safeStringLower (rawOrder, 'type');
+        const timeInForce = this.parseTimeInForce (this.safeString (rawOrder, 'time_in_force'));
+        const stopPrice = this.safeNumber (rawOrder, 'trigger_price');
+        const postOnly = this.safeValue (rawOrder, 'is_post_only');
+        const rawTrades = this.safeValue (order, 'trades', []);
+        return this.safeOrder ({
+            'id': id,
+            'clientOrderId': clientOrderId,
+            'info': order,
+            'timestamp': timestamp,
+            'datetime': this.iso8601 (timestamp),
+            'lastTradeTimestamp': undefined,
+            'symbol': symbol,
+            'type': type,
+            'timeInForce': timeInForce,
+            'postOnly': postOnly,
+            'side': side,
+            'price': price,
+            'stopPrice': stopPrice,
+            'amount': amount,
+            'cost': undefined,
+            'average': undefined,
+            'filled': filled,
+            'remaining': undefined,
+            'status': status,
+            // 'fee': undefined,
+            'trades': rawTrades,
+        }, market);
+    }
+
+    parseTimeInForce (timeInForce) {
+        const timeInForces = {
+            'GOOD_TILL_CANCELLED': 'GTC',
+            'GOOD_TILL_TIME': 'GTT',
+            'IMMEDIATE_OR_CANCELLED': 'IOC',
+            'FILL_OR_KILL': 'FOK',
+        };
+        return this.safeString (timeInForces, timeInForce, timeInForce);
+    }
+
+    async createOrder (symbol, type, side, amount, price = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets ();
+        const market = this.market (symbol);
+        const uppercaseType = type.toUpperCase ();
+        const request = {
+            'instrument_code': market['id'],
+            'type': uppercaseType, // LIMIT, MARKET, STOP
+            'side': side.toUpperCase (), // or SELL
+            'amount': this.amountToPrecision (symbol, amount),
+            // "price": "1234.5678", // required for LIMIT and STOP orders
+            // "client_id": "d75fb03b-b599-49e9-b926-3f0b6d103206", // optional
+            // "time_in_force": "GOOD_TILL_CANCELLED", // limit orders only, GOOD_TILL_CANCELLED, GOOD_TILL_TIME, IMMEDIATE_OR_CANCELLED and FILL_OR_KILL
+            // "expire_after": "2020-07-02T19:40:13Z", // required for GOOD_TILL_TIME
+            // "is_post_only": false, // limit orders only, optional
+            // "trigger_price": "1234.5678" // required for stop orders
+        };
+        let priceIsRequired = false;
+        if (uppercaseType === 'LIMIT' || uppercaseType === 'STOP') {
+            priceIsRequired = true;
+        }
+        if (uppercaseType === 'STOP') {
+            const triggerPrice = this.safeNumber (params, 'trigger_price');
+            if (triggerPrice === undefined) {
+                throw new ArgumentsRequired (this.id + ' createOrder() requires a trigger_price param for ' + type + ' orders');
+            }
+            request['trigger_price'] = this.priceToPrecision (symbol, triggerPrice);
+            params = this.omit (params, 'trigger_price');
+        }
+        if (priceIsRequired) {
+            request['price'] = this.priceToPrecision (symbol, price);
+        }
+        const clientOrderId = this.safeString2 (params, 'clientOrderId', 'client_id');
+        if (clientOrderId !== undefined) {
+            request['client_id'] = clientOrderId;
+            params = this.omit (params, [ 'clientOrderId', 'client_id' ]);
+        }
+        const response = await this.privatePostAccountOrders (this.extend (request, params));
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "order_id": "d5492c24-2995-4c18-993a-5b8bf8fffc0d",
+        //         "client_id": "d75fb03b-b599-49e9-b926-3f0b6d103206",
+        //         "account_id": "a4c699f6-338d-4a26-941f-8f9853bfc4b9",
+        //         "instrument_code": "BTC_EUR",
+        //         "time": "2019-08-01T08:00:44.026Z",
+        //         "side": "BUY",
+        //         "price": "5000",
+        //         "amount": "1",
+        //         "filled_amount": "0.5",
+        //         "type": "LIMIT",
+        //         "time_in_force": "GOOD_TILL_CANCELLED"
+        //     }
+        //
+        return this.parseOrder (response, market);
+    }
+
+    async cancelOrder (id, symbol = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets ();
+        const clientOrderId = this.safeString2 (params, 'clientOrderId', 'client_id');
+        params = this.omit (params, [ 'clientOrderId', 'client_id' ]);
+        let method = 'privateDeleteAccountOrdersOrderId';
+        const request = {};
+        if (clientOrderId !== undefined) {
+            method = 'privateDeleteAccountOrdersClientClientId';
+            request['client_id'] = clientOrderId;
+        } else {
+            request['order_id'] = id;
+        }
+        const response = await this[method] (this.extend (request, params));
+        //
+        // responds with an empty body
+        //
+        return response;
+    }
+
+    async cancelAllOrders (symbol = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets ();
+        const request = {};
+        if (symbol !== undefined) {
+            const market = this.market (symbol);
+            request['instrument_code'] = market['id'];
+        }
+        const response = await this.privateDeleteAccountOrders (this.extend (request, params));
+        //
+        //     [
+        //         "a10e9bd1-8f72-4cfe-9f1b-7f1c8a9bd8ee"
+        //     ]
+        //
+        return response;
+    }
+
+    async cancelOrders (ids, symbol = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets ();
+        const request = {
+            'ids': ids.join (','),
+        };
+        const response = await this.privateDeleteAccountOrders (this.extend (request, params));
+        //
+        //     [
+        //         "a10e9bd1-8f72-4cfe-9f1b-7f1c8a9bd8ee"
+        //     ]
+        //
+        return response;
+    }
+
+    async fetchOrder (id, symbol = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets ();
+        const request = {
+            'order_id': id,
+        };
+        const response = await this.privateGetAccountOrdersOrderId (this.extend (request, params));
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "order": {
+        //             "order_id": "36bb2437-7402-4794-bf26-4bdf03526439",
+        //             "account_id": "a4c699f6-338d-4a26-941f-8f9853bfc4b9",
+        //             "time_last_updated": "2019-09-27T15:05:35.096Z",
+        //             "sequence": 48782,
+        //             "price": "7349.2",
+        //             "filled_amount": "100.0",
+        //             "status": "FILLED_FULLY",
+        //             "amount": "100.0",
+        //             "instrument_code": "BTC_EUR",
+        //             "side": "BUY",
+        //             "time": "2019-09-27T15:05:32.063Z",
+        //             "type": "MARKET"
+        //         },
+        //         "trades": [
+        //             {
+        //                 "fee": {
+        //                     "fee_amount": "0.0014",
+        //                     "fee_currency": "BTC",
+        //                     "fee_percentage": "0.1",
+        //                     "fee_group_id": "default",
+        //                     "fee_type": "TAKER",
+        //                     "running_trading_volume": "0.0"
+        //                 },
+        //                 "trade": {
+        //                     "trade_id": "fdff2bcc-37d6-4a2d-92a5-46e09c868664",
+        //                     "order_id": "36bb2437-7402-4794-bf26-4bdf03526439",
+        //                     "account_id": "a4c699f6-338d-4a26-941f-8f9853bfc4b9",
+        //                     "amount": "1.4",
+        //                     "side": "BUY",
+        //                     "instrument_code": "BTC_EUR",
+        //                     "price": "7341.4",
+        //                     "time": "2019-09-27T15:05:32.564Z",
+        //                     "sequence": 48670
+        //                 }
+        //             }
+        //         ]
+        //     }
+        //
+        return this.parseOrder (response);
+    }
+
+    async fetchOpenOrders (symbol = undefined, since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets ();
+        const request = {
+            // 'from': this.iso8601 (since),
+            // 'to': this.iso8601 (this.milliseconds ()), // max range is 100 days
+            // 'instrument_code': market['id'],
+            // 'with_cancelled_and_rejected': false, // default is false, orders which have been cancelled by the user before being filled or rejected by the system as invalid, additionally, all inactive filled orders which would return with "with_just_filled_inactive"
+            // 'with_just_filled_inactive': false, // orders which have been filled and are no longer open, use of "with_cancelled_and_rejected" extends "with_just_filled_inactive" and in case both are specified the latter is ignored
+            // 'with_just_orders': false, // do not return any trades corresponsing to the orders, it may be significanly faster and should be used if user is not interesting in trade information
+            // 'max_page_size': 100,
+            // 'cursor': 'string', // pointer specifying the position from which the next pages should be returned
+        };
+        let market = undefined;
+        if (symbol !== undefined) {
+            market = this.market (symbol);
+            request['instrument_code'] = market['id'];
+        }
+        if (since !== undefined) {
+            const to = this.safeString (params, 'to');
+            if (to === undefined) {
+                throw new ArgumentsRequired (this.id + ' fetchOrders() requires a "to" iso8601 string param with the since argument is specified, max range is 100 days');
+            }
+            request['from'] = this.iso8601 (since);
+        }
+        if (limit !== undefined) {
+            request['max_page_size'] = limit;
+        }
+        const response = await this.privateGetAccountOrders (this.extend (request, params));
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "order_history": [
+        //             {
+        //                 "order": {
+        //                     "trigger_price": "12089.88",
+        //                     "order_id": "d453ca12-c650-46dd-9dee-66910d96bfc0",
+        //                     "account_id": "ef3a5f4c-cfcd-415e-ba89-5a9abf47b28a",
+        //                     "instrument_code": "BTC_USDT",
+        //                     "time": "2019-08-23T10:02:31.663Z",
+        //                     "side": "SELL",
+        //                     "price": "10159.76",
+        //                     "average_price": "10159.76",
+        //                     "amount": "0.2",
+        //                     "filled_amount": "0.2",
+        //                     "type": "STOP",
+        //                     "sequence": 8,
+        //                     "status": "FILLED_FULLY"
+        //                 },
+        //                 "trades": [
+        //                     {
+        //                         "fee": {
+        //                             "fee_amount": "0.4188869",
+        //                             "fee_currency": "USDT",
+        //                             "fee_percentage": "0.1",
+        //                             "fee_group_id": "default",
+        //                             "fee_type": "TAKER",
+        //                             "running_trading_volume": "0.0"
+        //                         },
+        //                         "trade": {
+        //                             "trade_id": "ec82896f-fd1b-4cbb-89df-a9da85ccbb4b",
+        //                             "order_id": "d453ca12-c650-46dd-9dee-66910d96bfc0",
+        //                             "account_id": "ef3a5f4c-cfcd-415e-ba89-5a9abf47b28a",
+        //                             "amount": "0.2",
+        //                             "side": "SELL",
+        //                             "instrument_code": "BTC_USDT",
+        //                             "price": "10159.76",
+        //                             "time": "2019-08-23T10:02:32.663Z",
+        //                             "sequence": 9
+        //                         }
+        //                     }
+        //                 ]
+        //             },
+        //             {
+        //                 "order": {
+        //                     "order_id": "5151a99e-f414-418f-8cf1-2568d0a63ea5",
+        //                     "account_id": "ef3a5f4c-cfcd-415e-ba89-5a9abf47b28a",
+        //                     "instrument_code": "BTC_USDT",
+        //                     "time": "2019-08-23T10:01:36.773Z",
+        //                     "side": "SELL",
+        //                     "price": "12289.88",
+        //                     "amount": "0.5",
+        //                     "filled_amount": "0.0",
+        //                     "type": "LIMIT",
+        //                     "sequence": 7,
+        //                     "status": "OPEN"
+        //                 },
+        //                 "trades": []
+        //             },
+        //             {
+        //                 "order": {
+        //                     "order_id": "ac80d857-75e1-4733-9070-fd4288395fdc",
+        //                     "account_id": "ef3a5f4c-cfcd-415e-ba89-5a9abf47b28a",
+        //                     "instrument_code": "BTC_USDT",
+        //                     "time": "2019-08-23T10:01:25.031Z",
+        //                     "side": "SELL",
+        //                     "price": "11089.88",
+        //                     "amount": "0.1",
+        //                     "filled_amount": "0.0",
+        //                     "type": "LIMIT",
+        //                     "sequence": 6,
+        //                     "status": "OPEN"
+        //                 },
+        //                 "trades": []
+        //             }
+        //         ],
+        //         "max_page_size": 100
+        //     }
+        //
+        const orderHistory = this.safeValue (response, 'order_history', []);
+        return this.parseOrders (orderHistory, market, since, limit);
+    }
+
+    async fetchClosedOrders (symbol = undefined, since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        const request = {
+            'with_cancelled_and_rejected': true, // default is false, orders which have been cancelled by the user before being filled or rejected by the system as invalid, additionally, all inactive filled orders which would return with "with_just_filled_inactive"
+        };
+        return await this.fetchOpenOrders (symbol, since, limit, this.extend (request, params));
+    }
+
+    async fetchOrderTrades (id, symbol = undefined, since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets ();
+        const request = {
+            'order_id': id,
+            // 'max_page_size': 100,
+            // 'cursor': 'string', // pointer specifying the position from which the next pages should be returned
+        };
+        if (limit !== undefined) {
+            request['max_page_size'] = limit;
+        }
+        const response = await this.privateGetAccountOrdersOrderIdTrades (this.extend (request, params));
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "trade_history": [
+        //             {
+        //                 "trade": {
+        //                     "trade_id": "2b42efcd-d5b7-4a56-8e12-b69ffd68c5ef",
+        //                     "order_id": "66756a10-3e86-48f4-9678-b634c4b135b2",
+        //                     "account_id": "c2d0076a-c20d-41f8-9e9a-1a1d028b2b58",
+        //                     "amount": "1234.5678",
+        //                     "side": "BUY",
+        //                     "instrument_code": "BTC_EUR",
+        //                     "price": "1234.5678",
+        //                     "time": "2019-08-24T14:15:22Z",
+        //                     "price_tick_sequence": 0,
+        //                     "sequence": 123456789
+        //                 },
+        //                 "fee": {
+        //                     "fee_amount": "1234.5678",
+        //                     "fee_percentage": "1234.5678",
+        //                     "fee_group_id": "default",
+        //                     "running_trading_volume": "1234.5678",
+        //                     "fee_currency": "BTC",
+        //                     "fee_type": "TAKER"
+        //                 }
+        //             }
+        //         ],
+        //         "max_page_size": 0,
+        //         "cursor": "string"
+        //     }
+        //
+        const tradeHistory = this.safeValue (response, 'trade_history', []);
+        let market = undefined;
+        if (symbol !== undefined) {
+            market = this.market (symbol);
+        }
+        return this.parseTrades (tradeHistory, market, since, limit);
+    }
+
+    async fetchMyTrades (symbol = undefined, since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets ();
+        const request = {
+            // 'from': this.iso8601 (since),
+            // 'to': this.iso8601 (this.milliseconds ()), // max range is 100 days
+            // 'instrument_code': market['id'],
+            // 'max_page_size': 100,
+            // 'cursor': 'string', // pointer specifying the position from which the next pages should be returned
+        };
+        let market = undefined;
+        if (symbol !== undefined) {
+            market = this.market (symbol);
+            request['instrument_code'] = market['id'];
+        }
+        if (since !== undefined) {
+            const to = this.safeString (params, 'to');
+            if (to === undefined) {
+                throw new ArgumentsRequired (this.id + ' fetchMyTrades() requires a "to" iso8601 string param with the since argument is specified, max range is 100 days');
+            }
+            request['from'] = this.iso8601 (since);
+        }
+        if (limit !== undefined) {
+            request['max_page_size'] = limit;
+        }
+        const response = await this.privateGetAccountTrades (this.extend (request, params));
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "trade_history": [
+        //             {
+        //                 "trade": {
+        //                     "trade_id": "2b42efcd-d5b7-4a56-8e12-b69ffd68c5ef",
+        //                     "order_id": "66756a10-3e86-48f4-9678-b634c4b135b2",
+        //                     "account_id": "c2d0076a-c20d-41f8-9e9a-1a1d028b2b58",
+        //                     "amount": "1234.5678",
+        //                     "side": "BUY",
+        //                     "instrument_code": "BTC_EUR",
+        //                     "price": "1234.5678",
+        //                     "time": "2019-08-24T14:15:22Z",
+        //                     "price_tick_sequence": 0,
+        //                     "sequence": 123456789
+        //                 },
+        //                 "fee": {
+        //                     "fee_amount": "1234.5678",
+        //                     "fee_percentage": "1234.5678",
+        //                     "fee_group_id": "default",
+        //                     "running_trading_volume": "1234.5678",
+        //                     "fee_currency": "BTC",
+        //                     "fee_type": "TAKER"
+        //                 }
+        //             }
+        //         ],
+        //         "max_page_size": 0,
+        //         "cursor": "string"
+        //     }
+        //
+        const tradeHistory = this.safeValue (response, 'trade_history', []);
+        return this.parseTrades (tradeHistory, market, since, limit);
+    }
+
+    sign (path, api = 'public', method = 'GET', params = {}, headers = undefined, body = undefined) {
+        let url = this.urls['api'][api] + '/' + this.version + '/' + this.implodeParams (path, params);
+        const query = this.omit (params, this.extractParams (path));
+        if (api === 'public') {
+            if (Object.keys (query).length) {
+                url += '?' + this.urlencode (query);
+            }
+        } else if (api === 'private') {
+            this.checkRequiredCredentials ();
+            headers = {
+                'Accept': 'application/json',
+                'Authorization': 'Bearer ' + this.apiKey,
+            };
+            if (method === 'POST') {
+                body = this.json (query);
+                headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json';
+            } else {
+                if (Object.keys (query).length) {
+                    url += '?' + this.urlencode (query);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return { 'url': url, 'method': method, 'body': body, 'headers': headers };
+    }
+
+    handleErrors (code, reason, url, method, headers, body, response, requestHeaders, requestBody) {
+        if (response === undefined) {
+            return;
+        }
+        //
+        //     {"error":"MISSING_FROM_PARAM"}
+        //     {"error":"MISSING_TO_PARAM"}
+        //     {"error":"CANDLESTICKS_TIME_RANGE_TOO_BIG"}
+        //
+        const message = this.safeString (response, 'error');
+        if (message !== undefined) {
+            const feedback = this.id + ' ' + body;
+            this.throwExactlyMatchedException (this.exceptions['exact'], message, feedback);
+            this.throwBroadlyMatchedException (this.exceptions['broad'], message, feedback);
+            throw new ExchangeError (feedback); // unknown message
+        }
+    }
+};