ccxt-ir 4.9.32 → 4.11.0

package/js/src/src/paradex.js

@@ -0,0 +1,2607 @@
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// PLEASE DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE, IT IS GENERATED AND WILL BE OVERWRITTEN:
+// https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-code
+// EDIT THE CORRESPONDENT .ts FILE INSTEAD
+
+//  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+import { Precise } from './base/Precise.js';
+import Exchange from './abstract/paradex.js';
+import { ExchangeError, PermissionDenied, AuthenticationError, BadRequest, ArgumentsRequired, OperationRejected, InvalidOrder } from './base/errors.js';
+import { TICK_SIZE } from './base/functions/number.js';
+import { ecdsa } from './base/functions/crypto.js';
+import { keccak_256 as keccak } from './static_dependencies/noble-hashes/sha3.js';
+import { secp256k1 } from './static_dependencies/noble-curves/secp256k1.js';
+//  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ * @class paradex
+ * @description Paradex is a decentralized exchange built on the StarkWare layer 2 scaling solution. To access private methods you can either use the ETH public key and private key by setting (exchange.privateKey and exchange.walletAddress)
+ * or alternatively you can provide the startknet private key and public key by setting exchange.options['paradexAccount'] with  add {"privateKey": A, "publicKey": B, "address": C}
+ * @augments Exchange
+ */
+export default class paradex extends Exchange {
+    describe() {
+        return this.deepExtend(super.describe(), {
+            'id': 'paradex',
+            'name': 'Paradex',
+            'countries': [],
+            'version': 'v1',
+            'rateLimit': 50,
+            'certified': false,
+            'pro': true,
+            'dex': true,
+            'has': {
+                'CORS': undefined,
+                'spot': false,
+                'margin': false,
+                'swap': true,
+                'future': false,
+                'option': false,
+                'addMargin': false,
+                'borrowCrossMargin': false,
+                'borrowIsolatedMargin': false,
+                'cancelAllOrders': true,
+                'cancelAllOrdersAfter': false,
+                'cancelOrder': false,
+                'cancelOrders': false,
+                'cancelOrdersForSymbols': false,
+                'closeAllPositions': false,
+                'closePosition': false,
+                'createMarketBuyOrderWithCost': false,
+                'createMarketOrderWithCost': false,
+                'createMarketSellOrderWithCost': false,
+                'createOrder': true,
+                'createOrders': false,
+                'createReduceOnlyOrder': false,
+                'createStopOrder': true,
+                'createTriggerOrder': true,
+                'editOrder': false,
+                'fetchAccounts': false,
+                'fetchAllGreeks': true,
+                'fetchBalance': true,
+                'fetchBorrowInterest': false,
+                'fetchBorrowRateHistories': false,
+                'fetchBorrowRateHistory': false,
+                'fetchCanceledOrders': false,
+                'fetchClosedOrders': false,
+                'fetchCrossBorrowRate': false,
+                'fetchCrossBorrowRates': false,
+                'fetchCurrencies': false,
+                'fetchDepositAddress': false,
+                'fetchDepositAddresses': false,
+                'fetchDeposits': true,
+                'fetchDepositWithdrawFee': false,
+                'fetchDepositWithdrawFees': false,
+                'fetchFundingHistory': false,
+                'fetchFundingRate': false,
+                'fetchFundingRateHistory': false,
+                'fetchFundingRates': false,
+                'fetchGreeks': true,
+                'fetchIndexOHLCV': false,
+                'fetchIsolatedBorrowRate': false,
+                'fetchIsolatedBorrowRates': false,
+                'fetchLedger': false,
+                'fetchLeverage': true,
+                'fetchLeverageTiers': false,
+                'fetchLiquidations': true,
+                'fetchMarginMode': true,
+                'fetchMarketLeverageTiers': false,
+                'fetchMarkets': true,
+                'fetchMarkOHLCV': false,
+                'fetchMyLiquidations': false,
+                'fetchMyTrades': true,
+                'fetchOHLCV': true,
+                'fetchOpenInterest': true,
+                'fetchOpenInterestHistory': false,
+                'fetchOpenOrders': true,
+                'fetchOrder': true,
+                'fetchOrderBook': true,
+                'fetchOrders': true,
+                'fetchOrderTrades': false,
+                'fetchPosition': true,
+                'fetchPositionMode': false,
+                'fetchPositions': true,
+                'fetchPositionsRisk': false,
+                'fetchPremiumIndexOHLCV': false,
+                'fetchStatus': true,
+                'fetchTicker': true,
+                'fetchTickers': true,
+                'fetchTime': true,
+                'fetchTrades': true,
+                'fetchTradingFee': false,
+                'fetchTradingFees': false,
+                'fetchTransfer': false,
+                'fetchTransfers': false,
+                'fetchWithdrawal': false,
+                'fetchWithdrawals': true,
+                'reduceMargin': false,
+                'repayCrossMargin': false,
+                'repayIsolatedMargin': false,
+                'sandbox': true,
+                'setLeverage': true,
+                'setMarginMode': true,
+                'setPositionMode': false,
+                'transfer': false,
+                'withdraw': false,
+            },
+            'timeframes': {
+                '1m': 1,
+                '3m': 3,
+                '5m': 5,
+                '15m': 15,
+                '30m': 30,
+                '1h': 60,
+            },
+            'hostname': 'paradex.trade',
+            'urls': {
+                'logo': 'https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/84628770-784e-4ec4-a759-ec2fbb2244ea',
+                'api': {
+                    'v1': 'https://api.prod.{hostname}/v1',
+                },
+                'test': {
+                    'v1': 'https://api.testnet.{hostname}/v1',
+                },
+                'www': 'https://www.paradex.trade/',
+                'doc': 'https://docs.api.testnet.paradex.trade/',
+                'fees': 'https://docs.paradex.trade/getting-started/trading-fees',
+                'referral': 'https://app.paradex.trade/r/ccxt24',
+            },
+            'api': {
+                'public': {
+                    'get': {
+                        'bbo/{market}': 1,
+                        'funding/data': 1,
+                        'markets': 1,
+                        'markets/klines': 1,
+                        'markets/summary': 1,
+                        'orderbook/{market}': 1,
+                        'insurance': 1,
+                        'referrals/config': 1,
+                        'system/config': 1,
+                        'system/state': 1,
+                        'system/time': 1,
+                        'trades': 1,
+                        'vaults': 1,
+                        'vaults/balance': 1,
+                        'vaults/config': 1,
+                        'vaults/history': 1,
+                        'vaults/positions': 1,
+                        'vaults/summary': 1,
+                        'vaults/transfers': 1,
+                    },
+                },
+                'private': {
+                    'get': {
+                        'account': 1,
+                        'account/info': 1,
+                        'account/history': 1,
+                        'account/margin': 1,
+                        'account/profile': 1,
+                        'account/subaccounts': 1,
+                        'balance': 1,
+                        'fills': 1,
+                        'funding/payments': 1,
+                        'positions': 1,
+                        'tradebusts': 1,
+                        'transactions': 1,
+                        'liquidations': 1,
+                        'orders': 1,
+                        'orders-history': 1,
+                        'orders/by_client_id/{client_id}': 1,
+                        'orders/{order_id}': 1,
+                        'points_data/{market}/{program}': 1,
+                        'referrals/qr-code': 1,
+                        'referrals/summary': 1,
+                        'transfers': 1,
+                        'algo/orders': 1,
+                        'algo/orders-history': 1,
+                        'algo/orders/{algo_id}': 1,
+                        'vaults/account-summary': 1,
+                    },
+                    'post': {
+                        'account/margin/{market}': 1,
+                        'account/profile/max_slippage': 1,
+                        'account/profile/referral_code': 1,
+                        'account/profile/username': 1,
+                        'auth': 1,
+                        'onboarding': 1,
+                        'orders': 1,
+                        'orders/batch': 1,
+                        'algo/orders': 1,
+                        'vaults': 1,
+                    },
+                    'put': {
+                        'orders/{order_id}': 1,
+                    },
+                    'delete': {
+                        'orders': 1,
+                        'orders/by_client_id/{client_id}': 1,
+                        'orders/{order_id}': 1,
+                        'algo/orders/{algo_id}': 1,
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+            'fees': {
+                'swap': {
+                    'taker': this.parseNumber('0.0002'),
+                    'maker': this.parseNumber('0.0002'),
+                },
+                'spot': {
+                    'taker': this.parseNumber('0.0002'),
+                    'maker': this.parseNumber('0.0002'),
+                },
+            },
+            'requiredCredentials': {
+                'apiKey': false,
+                'secret': false,
+                'walletAddress': true,
+                'privateKey': true,
+            },
+            'exceptions': {
+                'exact': {
+                    'VALIDATION_ERROR': AuthenticationError,
+                    'BINDING_ERROR': OperationRejected,
+                    'INTERNAL_ERROR': ExchangeError,
+                    'NOT_FOUND': BadRequest,
+                    'SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE': ExchangeError,
+                    'INVALID_REQUEST_PARAMETER': BadRequest,
+                    'ORDER_ID_NOT_FOUND': InvalidOrder,
+                    'ORDER_IS_CLOSED': InvalidOrder,
+                    'ORDER_IS_NOT_OPEN_YET': InvalidOrder,
+                    'CLIENT_ORDER_ID_NOT_FOUND': InvalidOrder,
+                    'DUPLICATED_CLIENT_ID': InvalidOrder,
+                    'INVALID_PRICE_PRECISION': OperationRejected,
+                    'INVALID_SYMBOL': OperationRejected,
+                    'INVALID_TOKEN': OperationRejected,
+                    'INVALID_ETHEREUM_ADDRESS': OperationRejected,
+                    'INVALID_ETHEREUM_SIGNATURE': OperationRejected,
+                    'INVALID_STARKNET_ADDRESS': OperationRejected,
+                    'INVALID_STARKNET_SIGNATURE': OperationRejected,
+                    'STARKNET_SIGNATURE_VERIFICATION_FAILED': AuthenticationError,
+                    'BAD_STARKNET_REQUEST': BadRequest,
+                    'ETHEREUM_SIGNER_MISMATCH': BadRequest,
+                    'ETHEREUM_HASH_MISMATCH': BadRequest,
+                    'NOT_ONBOARDED': BadRequest,
+                    'INVALID_TIMESTAMP': BadRequest,
+                    'INVALID_SIGNATURE_EXPIRATION': AuthenticationError,
+                    'ACCOUNT_NOT_FOUND': AuthenticationError,
+                    'INVALID_ORDER_SIGNATURE': AuthenticationError,
+                    'PUBLIC_KEY_INVALID': BadRequest,
+                    'UNAUTHORIZED_ETHEREUM_ADDRESS': BadRequest,
+                    'ETHEREUM_ADDRESS_ALREADY_ONBOARDED': BadRequest,
+                    'MARKET_NOT_FOUND': BadRequest,
+                    'ALLOWLIST_ENTRY_NOT_FOUND': BadRequest,
+                    'USERNAME_IN_USE': AuthenticationError,
+                    'GEO_IP_BLOCK': PermissionDenied,
+                    'ETHEREUM_ADDRESS_BLOCKED': PermissionDenied,
+                    'PROGRAM_NOT_FOUND': BadRequest,
+                    'INVALID_DASHBOARD': OperationRejected,
+                    'MARKET_NOT_OPEN': BadRequest,
+                    'INVALID_REFERRAL_CODE': OperationRejected,
+                    'PARENT_ADDRESS_ALREADY_ONBOARDED': BadRequest,
+                    'INVALID_PARENT_ACCOUNT': OperationRejected,
+                    'INVALID_VAULT_OPERATOR_CHAIN': OperationRejected,
+                    'VAULT_OPERATOR_ALREADY_ONBOARDED': OperationRejected,
+                    'VAULT_NAME_IN_USE': OperationRejected,
+                    'BATCH_SIZE_OUT_OF_RANGE': OperationRejected,
+                    'ISOLATED_MARKET_ACCOUNT_MISMATCH': OperationRejected,
+                    'POINTS_SUMMARY_NOT_FOUND': OperationRejected,
+                    '-32700': BadRequest,
+                    '-32600': BadRequest,
+                    '-32601': BadRequest,
+                    '-32602': BadRequest,
+                    '-32603': ExchangeError,
+                    '100': BadRequest,
+                    '40110': AuthenticationError,
+                    '40111': AuthenticationError,
+                    '40112': PermissionDenied, // Geo IP blocked
+                },
+                'broad': {
+                    'missing or malformed jwt': AuthenticationError,
+                },
+            },
+            'precisionMode': TICK_SIZE,
+            'commonCurrencies': {},
+            'options': {
+                'paradexAccount': undefined,
+                'broker': 'CCXT',
+            },
+            'features': {
+                'spot': undefined,
+                'forSwap': {
+                    'sandbox': true,
+                    'createOrder': {
+                        'marginMode': false,
+                        'triggerPrice': true,
+                        'triggerDirection': true,
+                        'triggerPriceType': undefined,
+                        'stopLossPrice': false,
+                        'takeProfitPrice': false,
+                        'attachedStopLossTakeProfit': undefined,
+                        'timeInForce': {
+                            'IOC': true,
+                            'FOK': false,
+                            'PO': true,
+                            'GTD': false,
+                        },
+                        'hedged': false,
+                        'trailing': false,
+                        'leverage': false,
+                        'marketBuyByCost': false,
+                        'marketBuyRequiresPrice': false,
+                        'selfTradePrevention': true,
+                        'iceberg': false,
+                    },
+                    'createOrders': undefined,
+                    'fetchMyTrades': {
+                        'marginMode': false,
+                        'limit': 100,
+                        'daysBack': 100000,
+                        'untilDays': 100000,
+                        'symbolRequired': false,
+                    },
+                    'fetchOrder': {
+                        'marginMode': false,
+                        'trigger': false,
+                        'trailing': false,
+                        'symbolRequired': false,
+                    },
+                    'fetchOpenOrders': {
+                        'marginMode': false,
+                        'limit': 100,
+                        'trigger': false,
+                        'trailing': false,
+                        'symbolRequired': false,
+                    },
+                    'fetchOrders': {
+                        'marginMode': false,
+                        'limit': 100,
+                        'daysBack': 100000,
+                        'untilDays': 100000,
+                        'trigger': false,
+                        'trailing': false,
+                        'symbolRequired': false,
+                    },
+                    'fetchClosedOrders': undefined,
+                    'fetchOHLCV': {
+                        'limit': undefined, // todo by from/to
+                    },
+                },
+                'swap': {
+                    'linear': {
+                        'extends': 'forSwap',
+                    },
+                    'inverse': undefined,
+                },
+                'future': {
+                    'linear': undefined,
+                    'inverse': undefined,
+                },
+            },
+        });
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name paradex#fetchTime
+     * @description fetches the current integer timestamp in milliseconds from the exchange server
+     * @see https://docs.api.testnet.paradex.trade/#get-system-time-unix-milliseconds
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {int} the current integer timestamp in milliseconds from the exchange server
+     */
+    async fetchTime(params = {}) {
+        const response = await this.publicGetSystemTime(params);
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "server_time": "1681493415023"
+        //     }
+        //
+        return this.safeInteger(response, 'server_time');
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name paradex#fetchStatus
+     * @description the latest known information on the availability of the exchange API
+     * @see https://docs.api.testnet.paradex.trade/#get-system-state
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object} a [status structure]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=exchange-status-structure}
+     */
+    async fetchStatus(params = {}) {
+        const response = await this.publicGetSystemState(params);
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "status": "ok"
+        //     }
+        //
+        const status = this.safeString(response, 'status');
+        return {
+            'status': (status === 'ok') ? 'ok' : 'maintenance',
+            'updated': undefined,
+            'eta': undefined,
+            'url': undefined,
+            'info': response,
+        };
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name paradex#fetchMarkets
+     * @description retrieves data on all markets for bitget
+     * @see https://docs.api.testnet.paradex.trade/#list-available-markets
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object[]} an array of objects representing market data
+     */
+    async fetchMarkets(params = {}) {
+        const response = await this.publicGetMarkets(params);
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "results": [
+        //             {
+        //                 "symbol": "BODEN-USD-PERP",
+        //                 "base_currency": "BODEN",
+        //                 "quote_currency": "USD",
+        //                 "settlement_currency": "USDC",
+        //                 "order_size_increment": "1",
+        //                 "price_tick_size": "0.00001",
+        //                 "min_notional": "200",
+        //                 "open_at": 1717065600000,
+        //                 "expiry_at": 0,
+        //                 "asset_kind": "PERP",
+        //                 "position_limit": "2000000",
+        //                 "price_bands_width": "0.2",
+        //                 "max_open_orders": 50,
+        //                 "max_funding_rate": "0.05",
+        //                 "delta1_cross_margin_params": {
+        //                     "imf_base": "0.2",
+        //                     "imf_shift": "180000",
+        //                     "imf_factor": "0.00071",
+        //                     "mmf_factor": "0.5"
+        //                 },
+        //                 "price_feed_id": "9LScEHse1ioZt2rUuhwiN6bmYnqpMqvZkQJDNUpxVHN5",
+        //                 "oracle_ewma_factor": "0.14999987905913592",
+        //                 "max_order_size": "520000",
+        //                 "max_funding_rate_change": "0.0005",
+        //                 "max_tob_spread": "0.2"
+        //             }
+        //         ]
+        //     }
+        //
+        const data = this.safeList(response, 'results');
+        return this.parseMarkets(data);
+    }
+    parseMarket(market) {
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "symbol": "BODEN-USD-PERP",
+        //         "base_currency": "BODEN",
+        //         "quote_currency": "USD",
+        //         "settlement_currency": "USDC",
+        //         "order_size_increment": "1",
+        //         "price_tick_size": "0.00001",
+        //         "min_notional": "200",
+        //         "open_at": 1717065600000,
+        //         "expiry_at": 0,
+        //         "asset_kind": "PERP",
+        //         "position_limit": "2000000",
+        //         "price_bands_width": "0.2",
+        //         "max_open_orders": 50,
+        //         "max_funding_rate": "0.05",
+        //         "delta1_cross_margin_params": {
+        //             "imf_base": "0.2",
+        //             "imf_shift": "180000",
+        //             "imf_factor": "0.00071",
+        //             "mmf_factor": "0.5"
+        //         },
+        //         "price_feed_id": "9LScEHse1ioZt2rUuhwiN6bmYnqpMqvZkQJDNUpxVHN5",
+        //         "oracle_ewma_factor": "0.14999987905913592",
+        //         "max_order_size": "520000",
+        //         "max_funding_rate_change": "0.0005",
+        //         "max_tob_spread": "0.2"
+        //     }
+        //
+        // {
+        //     "symbol":"BTC-USD-96000-C",
+        //     "base_currency":"BTC",
+        //     "quote_currency":"USD",
+        //     "settlement_currency":"USDC",
+        //     "order_size_increment":"0.001",
+        //     "price_tick_size":"0.01",
+        //     "min_notional":"100",
+        //     "open_at":"1736764200000",
+        //     "expiry_at":"0",
+        //     "asset_kind":"PERP_OPTION",
+        //     "market_kind":"cross",
+        //     "position_limit":"10",
+        //     "price_bands_width":"0.05",
+        //     "iv_bands_width":"0.05",
+        //     "max_open_orders":"100",
+        //     "max_funding_rate":"0.02",
+        //     "option_cross_margin_params":{
+        //        "imf":{
+        //           "long_itm":"0.2",
+        //           "short_itm":"0.15",
+        //           "short_otm":"0.1",
+        //           "short_put_cap":"0.5",
+        //           "premium_multiplier":"1"
+        //        },
+        //        "mmf":{
+        //           "long_itm":"0.1",
+        //           "short_itm":"0.075",
+        //           "short_otm":"0.05",
+        //           "short_put_cap":"0.5",
+        //           "premium_multiplier":"0.5"
+        //        }
+        //     },
+        //     "price_feed_id":"GVXRSBjFk6e6J3NbVPXohDJetcTjaeeuykUpbQF8UoMU",
+        //     "oracle_ewma_factor":"0.20000046249626113",
+        //     "max_order_size":"2",
+        //     "max_funding_rate_change":"0.02",
+        //     "max_tob_spread":"0.2",
+        //     "interest_rate":"0.0001",
+        //     "clamp_rate":"0.02",
+        //     "option_type":"CALL",
+        //     "strike_price":"96000",
+        //     "funding_period_hours":"24",
+        //     "tags":[
+        //     ]
+        //  }
+        //
+        const assetKind = this.safeString(market, 'asset_kind');
+        const isOption = (assetKind === 'PERP_OPTION');
+        const type = (isOption) ? 'option' : 'swap';
+        const isSwap = (type === 'swap');
+        const marketId = this.safeString(market, 'symbol');
+        const quoteId = this.safeString(market, 'quote_currency');
+        const baseId = this.safeString(market, 'base_currency');
+        const quote = this.safeCurrencyCode(quoteId);
+        const base = this.safeCurrencyCode(baseId);
+        const settleId = this.safeString(market, 'settlement_currency');
+        const settle = this.safeCurrencyCode(settleId);
+        let symbol = base + '/' + quote + ':' + settle;
+        let expiry = this.safeInteger(market, 'expiry_at');
+        const optionType = this.safeString(market, 'option_type');
+        const strikePrice = this.safeString(market, 'strike_price');
+        const takerFee = this.parseNumber('0.0003');
+        let makerFee = this.parseNumber('-0.00005');
+        if (isOption) {
+            const optionTypeSuffix = (optionType === 'CALL') ? 'C' : 'P';
+            symbol = symbol + '-' + strikePrice + '-' + optionTypeSuffix;
+            makerFee = this.parseNumber('0.0003');
+        }
+        else {
+            expiry = undefined;
+        }
+        return this.safeMarketStructure({
+            'id': marketId,
+            'symbol': symbol,
+            'base': base,
+            'quote': quote,
+            'settle': settle,
+            'baseId': baseId,
+            'quoteId': quoteId,
+            'settleId': settleId,
+            'type': type,
+            'spot': false,
+            'margin': undefined,
+            'swap': isSwap,
+            'future': false,
+            'option': isOption,
+            'active': this.safeBool(market, 'enableTrading'),
+            'contract': true,
+            'linear': true,
+            'inverse': false,
+            'taker': takerFee,
+            'maker': makerFee,
+            'contractSize': this.parseNumber('1'),
+            'expiry': expiry,
+            'expiryDatetime': (expiry === 0) ? undefined : this.iso8601(expiry),
+            'strike': this.parseNumber(strikePrice),
+            'optionType': this.safeStringLower(market, 'option_type'),
+            'precision': {
+                'amount': this.safeNumber(market, 'order_size_increment'),
+                'price': this.safeNumber(market, 'price_tick_size'),
+            },
+            'limits': {
+                'leverage': {
+                    'min': undefined,
+                    'max': undefined,
+                },
+                'amount': {
+                    'min': undefined,
+                    'max': this.safeNumber(market, 'max_order_size'),
+                },
+                'price': {
+                    'min': undefined,
+                    'max': undefined,
+                },
+                'cost': {
+                    'min': this.safeNumber(market, 'min_notional'),
+                    'max': undefined,
+                },
+            },
+            'created': undefined,
+            'info': market,
+        });
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name paradex#fetchOHLCV
+     * @description fetches historical candlestick data containing the open, high, low, and close price, and the volume of a market
+     * @see https://docs.api.testnet.paradex.trade/#ohlcv-for-a-symbol
+     * @param {string} symbol unified symbol of the market to fetch OHLCV data for
+     * @param {string} timeframe the length of time each candle represents
+     * @param {int} [since] timestamp in ms of the earliest candle to fetch
+     * @param {int} [limit] the maximum amount of candles to fetch
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @param {int} [params.until] timestamp in ms of the latest candle to fetch
+     * @returns {int[][]} A list of candles ordered as timestamp, open, high, low, close, volume
+     */
+    async fetchOHLCV(symbol, timeframe = '1m', since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        const market = this.market(symbol);
+        const request = {
+            'resolution': this.safeString(this.timeframes, timeframe, timeframe),
+            'symbol': market['id'],
+        };
+        const now = this.milliseconds();
+        const duration = this.parseTimeframe(timeframe);
+        const until = this.safeInteger2(params, 'until', 'till', now);
+        params = this.omit(params, ['until', 'till']);
+        if (since !== undefined) {
+            request['start_at'] = since;
+            if (limit !== undefined) {
+                request['end_at'] = this.sum(since, duration * (limit + 1) * 1000) - 1;
+            }
+            else {
+                request['end_at'] = until;
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            request['end_at'] = until;
+            if (limit !== undefined) {
+                request['start_at'] = until - duration * (limit + 1) * 1000 + 1;
+            }
+            else {
+                request['start_at'] = until - duration * 101 * 1000 + 1;
+            }
+        }
+        const response = await this.publicGetMarketsKlines(this.extend(request, params));
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "results": [
+        //             [
+        //                 1720071900000,
+        //                 58961.3,
+        //                 58961.3,
+        //                 58961.3,
+        //                 58961.3,
+        //                 1591
+        //             ]
+        //         ]
+        //     }
+        //
+        const data = this.safeList(response, 'results', []);
+        return this.parseOHLCVs(data, market, timeframe, since, limit);
+    }
+    parseOHLCV(ohlcv, market = undefined) {
+        //
+        //     [
+        //         1720071900000,
+        //         58961.3,
+        //         58961.3,
+        //         58961.3,
+        //         58961.3,
+        //         1591
+        //     ]
+        //
+        return [
+            this.safeInteger(ohlcv, 0),
+            this.safeNumber(ohlcv, 1),
+            this.safeNumber(ohlcv, 2),
+            this.safeNumber(ohlcv, 3),
+            this.safeNumber(ohlcv, 4),
+            this.safeNumber(ohlcv, 5),
+        ];
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name paradex#fetchTickers
+     * @description fetches price tickers for multiple markets, statistical information calculated over the past 24 hours for each market
+     * @see https://docs.api.testnet.paradex.trade/#list-available-markets-summary
+     * @param {string[]|undefined} symbols unified symbols of the markets to fetch the ticker for, all market tickers are returned if not assigned
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object} a dictionary of [ticker structures]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=ticker-structure}
+     */
+    async fetchTickers(symbols = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        symbols = this.marketSymbols(symbols);
+        const request = {
+            'market': 'ALL',
+        };
+        const response = await this.publicGetMarketsSummary(this.extend(request, params));
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "results": [
+        //             {
+        //                 "symbol": "BTC-USD-PERP",
+        //                 "oracle_price": "68465.17449906",
+        //                 "mark_price": "68465.17449906",
+        //                 "last_traded_price": "68495.1",
+        //                 "bid": "68477.6",
+        //                 "ask": "69578.2",
+        //                 "volume_24h": "5815541.397939004",
+        //                 "total_volume": "584031465.525259686",
+        //                 "created_at": 1718170156580,
+        //                 "underlying_price": "67367.37268422",
+        //                 "open_interest": "162.272",
+        //                 "funding_rate": "0.01629574927887",
+        //                 "price_change_rate_24h": "0.009032"
+        //             }
+        //         ]
+        //     }
+        //
+        const data = this.safeList(response, 'results', []);
+        return this.parseTickers(data, symbols);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name paradex#fetchTicker
+     * @description fetches a price ticker, a statistical calculation with the information calculated over the past 24 hours for a specific market
+     * @see https://docs.api.testnet.paradex.trade/#list-available-markets-summary
+     * @param {string} symbol unified symbol of the market to fetch the ticker for
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object} a [ticker structure]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=ticker-structure}
+     */
+    async fetchTicker(symbol, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        const market = this.market(symbol);
+        const request = {
+            'market': market['id'],
+        };
+        const response = await this.publicGetMarketsSummary(this.extend(request, params));
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "results": [
+        //             {
+        //                 "symbol": "BTC-USD-PERP",
+        //                 "oracle_price": "68465.17449906",
+        //                 "mark_price": "68465.17449906",
+        //                 "last_traded_price": "68495.1",
+        //                 "bid": "68477.6",
+        //                 "ask": "69578.2",
+        //                 "volume_24h": "5815541.397939004",
+        //                 "total_volume": "584031465.525259686",
+        //                 "created_at": 1718170156580,
+        //                 "underlying_price": "67367.37268422",
+        //                 "open_interest": "162.272",
+        //                 "funding_rate": "0.01629574927887",
+        //                 "price_change_rate_24h": "0.009032"
+        //             }
+        //         ]
+        //     }
+        //
+        const data = this.safeList(response, 'results', []);
+        const ticker = this.safeDict(data, 0, {});
+        return this.parseTicker(ticker, market);
+    }
+    parseTicker(ticker, market = undefined) {
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "symbol": "BTC-USD-PERP",
+        //         "oracle_price": "68465.17449906",
+        //         "mark_price": "68465.17449906",
+        //         "last_traded_price": "68495.1",
+        //         "bid": "68477.6",
+        //         "ask": "69578.2",
+        //         "volume_24h": "5815541.397939004",
+        //         "total_volume": "584031465.525259686",
+        //         "created_at": 1718170156581,
+        //         "underlying_price": "67367.37268422",
+        //         "open_interest": "162.272",
+        //         "funding_rate": "0.01629574927887",
+        //         "price_change_rate_24h": "0.009032"
+        //     }
+        //
+        let percentage = this.safeString(ticker, 'price_change_rate_24h');
+        if (percentage !== undefined) {
+            percentage = Precise.stringMul(percentage, '100');
+        }
+        const last = this.safeString(ticker, 'last_traded_price');
+        const marketId = this.safeString(ticker, 'symbol');
+        market = this.safeMarket(marketId, market);
+        const symbol = market['symbol'];
+        const timestamp = this.safeInteger(ticker, 'created_at');
+        return this.safeTicker({
+            'symbol': symbol,
+            'timestamp': timestamp,
+            'datetime': this.iso8601(timestamp),
+            'high': undefined,
+            'low': undefined,
+            'bid': this.safeString(ticker, 'bid'),
+            'bidVolume': undefined,
+            'ask': this.safeString(ticker, 'ask'),
+            'askVolume': undefined,
+            'vwap': undefined,
+            'open': undefined,
+            'close': last,
+            'last': last,
+            'previousClose': undefined,
+            'change': undefined,
+            'percentage': percentage,
+            'average': undefined,
+            'baseVolume': undefined,
+            'quoteVolume': this.safeString(ticker, 'volume_24h'),
+            'markPrice': this.safeString(ticker, 'mark_price'),
+            'info': ticker,
+        }, market);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name paradex#fetchOrderBook
+     * @description fetches information on open orders with bid (buy) and ask (sell) prices, volumes and other data
+     * @see https://docs.api.testnet.paradex.trade/#get-market-orderbook
+     * @param {string} symbol unified symbol of the market to fetch the order book for
+     * @param {int} [limit] the maximum amount of order book entries to return
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object} A dictionary of [order book structures]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-book-structure} indexed by market symbols
+     */
+    async fetchOrderBook(symbol, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        const market = this.market(symbol);
+        const request = { 'market': market['id'] };
+        const response = await this.publicGetOrderbookMarket(this.extend(request, params));
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "market": "BTC-USD-PERP",
+        //         "seq_no": 14115975,
+        //         "last_updated_at": 1718172538340,
+        //         "asks": [
+        //             [
+        //                 "69578.2",
+        //                 "3.019"
+        //             ]
+        //         ],
+        //         "bids": [
+        //             [
+        //                 "68477.6",
+        //                 "0.1"
+        //             ]
+        //         ]
+        //     }
+        //
+        if (limit !== undefined) {
+            request['depth'] = limit;
+        }
+        const timestamp = this.safeInteger(response, 'last_updated_at');
+        const orderbook = this.parseOrderBook(response, market['symbol'], timestamp);
+        orderbook['nonce'] = this.safeInteger(response, 'seq_no');
+        return orderbook;
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name paradex#fetchTrades
+     * @description get the list of most recent trades for a particular symbol
+     * @see https://docs.api.testnet.paradex.trade/#trade-tape
+     * @param {string} symbol unified symbol of the market to fetch trades for
+     * @param {int} [since] timestamp in ms of the earliest trade to fetch
+     * @param {int} [limit] the maximum amount of trades to fetch
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @param {int} [params.until] the latest time in ms to fetch trades for
+     * @param {boolean} [params.paginate] default false, when true will automatically paginate by calling this endpoint multiple times
+     * @returns {Trade[]} a list of [trade structures]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=public-trades}
+     */
+    async fetchTrades(symbol, since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        let paginate = false;
+        [paginate, params] = this.handleOptionAndParams(params, 'fetchTrades', 'paginate');
+        if (paginate) {
+            return await this.fetchPaginatedCallCursor('fetchTrades', symbol, since, limit, params, 'next', 'cursor', undefined, 100);
+        }
+        const market = this.market(symbol);
+        let request = {
+            'market': market['id'],
+        };
+        if (limit !== undefined) {
+            request['page_size'] = limit;
+        }
+        if (since !== undefined) {
+            request['start_at'] = since;
+        }
+        [request, params] = this.handleUntilOption('end_at', request, params);
+        const response = await this.publicGetTrades(this.extend(request, params));
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "next": "...",
+        //         "prev": "...",
+        //         "results": [
+        //             {
+        //                 "id": "1718154353750201703989430001",
+        //                 "market": "BTC-USD-PERP",
+        //                 "side": "BUY",
+        //                 "size": "0.026",
+        //                 "price": "69578.2",
+        //                 "created_at": 1718154353750,
+        //                 "trade_type": "FILL"
+        //             }
+        //         ]
+        //     }
+        //
+        const trades = this.safeList(response, 'results', []);
+        for (let i = 0; i < trades.length; i++) {
+            trades[i]['next'] = this.safeString(response, 'next');
+        }
+        return this.parseTrades(trades, market, since, limit);
+    }
+    parseTrade(trade, market = undefined) {
+        //
+        // fetchTrades (public)
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "id": "1718154353750201703989430001",
+        //         "market": "BTC-USD-PERP",
+        //         "side": "BUY",
+        //         "size": "0.026",
+        //         "price": "69578.2",
+        //         "created_at": 1718154353750,
+        //         "trade_type": "FILL"
+        //     }
+        //
+        // fetchMyTrades (private)
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "id": "1718947571560201703986670001",
+        //         "side": "BUY",
+        //         "liquidity": "TAKER",
+        //         "market": "BTC-USD-PERP",
+        //         "order_id": "1718947571540201703992340000",
+        //         "price": "64852.9",
+        //         "size": "0.01",
+        //         "fee": "0.1945587",
+        //         "fee_currency": "USDC",
+        //         "created_at": 1718947571569,
+        //         "remaining_size": "0",
+        //         "client_id": "",
+        //         "fill_type": "FILL"
+        //     }
+        //
+        const marketId = this.safeString(trade, 'market');
+        market = this.safeMarket(marketId, market);
+        const id = this.safeString(trade, 'id');
+        const timestamp = this.safeInteger(trade, 'created_at');
+        const priceString = this.safeString(trade, 'price');
+        const amountString = this.safeString(trade, 'size');
+        const side = this.safeStringLower(trade, 'side');
+        const liability = this.safeStringLower(trade, 'liquidity', 'taker');
+        const isTaker = liability === 'taker';
+        const takerOrMaker = (isTaker) ? 'taker' : 'maker';
+        const currencyId = this.safeString(trade, 'fee_currency');
+        const code = this.safeCurrencyCode(currencyId);
+        return this.safeTrade({
+            'info': trade,
+            'id': id,
+            'order': this.safeString(trade, 'order_id'),
+            'timestamp': timestamp,
+            'datetime': this.iso8601(timestamp),
+            'symbol': market['symbol'],
+            'type': undefined,
+            'takerOrMaker': takerOrMaker,
+            'side': side,
+            'price': priceString,
+            'amount': amountString,
+            'cost': undefined,
+            'fee': {
+                'cost': this.safeString(trade, 'fee'),
+                'currency': code,
+                'rate': undefined,
+            },
+        }, market);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name paradex#fetchOpenInterest
+     * @description retrieves the open interest of a contract trading pair
+     * @see https://docs.api.testnet.paradex.trade/#list-available-markets-summary
+     * @param {string} symbol unified CCXT market symbol
+     * @param {object} [params] exchange specific parameters
+     * @returns {object} an open interest structure{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=open-interest-structure}
+     */
+    async fetchOpenInterest(symbol, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        const market = this.market(symbol);
+        if (!market['contract']) {
+            throw new BadRequest(this.id + ' fetchOpenInterest() supports contract markets only');
+        }
+        const request = {
+            'market': market['id'],
+        };
+        const response = await this.publicGetMarketsSummary(this.extend(request, params));
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "results": [
+        //             {
+        //                 "symbol": "BTC-USD-PERP",
+        //                 "oracle_price": "68465.17449906",
+        //                 "mark_price": "68465.17449906",
+        //                 "last_traded_price": "68495.1",
+        //                 "bid": "68477.6",
+        //                 "ask": "69578.2",
+        //                 "volume_24h": "5815541.397939004",
+        //                 "total_volume": "584031465.525259686",
+        //                 "created_at": 1718170156580,
+        //                 "underlying_price": "67367.37268422",
+        //                 "open_interest": "162.272",
+        //                 "funding_rate": "0.01629574927887",
+        //                 "price_change_rate_24h": "0.009032"
+        //             }
+        //         ]
+        //     }
+        //
+        const data = this.safeList(response, 'results', []);
+        const interest = this.safeDict(data, 0, {});
+        return this.parseOpenInterest(interest, market);
+    }
+    parseOpenInterest(interest, market = undefined) {
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "symbol": "BTC-USD-PERP",
+        //         "oracle_price": "68465.17449904",
+        //         "mark_price": "68465.17449906",
+        //         "last_traded_price": "68495.1",
+        //         "bid": "68477.6",
+        //         "ask": "69578.2",
+        //         "volume_24h": "5815541.397939004",
+        //         "total_volume": "584031465.525259686",
+        //         "created_at": 1718170156580,
+        //         "underlying_price": "67367.37268422",
+        //         "open_interest": "162.272",
+        //         "funding_rate": "0.01629574927887",
+        //         "price_change_rate_24h": "0.009032"
+        //     }
+        //
+        const timestamp = this.safeInteger(interest, 'created_at');
+        const marketId = this.safeString(interest, 'symbol');
+        market = this.safeMarket(marketId, market);
+        const symbol = market['symbol'];
+        return this.safeOpenInterest({
+            'symbol': symbol,
+            'openInterestAmount': this.safeString(interest, 'open_interest'),
+            'openInterestValue': undefined,
+            'timestamp': timestamp,
+            'datetime': this.iso8601(timestamp),
+            'info': interest,
+        }, market);
+    }
+    hashMessage(message) {
+        return '0x' + this.hash(message, keccak, 'hex');
+    }
+    signHash(hash, privateKey) {
+        const signature = ecdsa(hash.slice(-64), privateKey.slice(-64), secp256k1, undefined);
+        const r = signature['r'];
+        const s = signature['s'];
+        const v = this.intToBase16(this.sum(27, signature['v']));
+        return '0x' + r.padStart(64, '0') + s.padStart(64, '0') + v;
+    }
+    signMessage(message, privateKey) {
+        return this.signHash(this.hashMessage(message), privateKey.slice(-64));
+    }
+    async getSystemConfig() {
+        const cachedConfig = this.safeDict(this.options, 'systemConfig');
+        if (cachedConfig !== undefined) {
+            return cachedConfig;
+        }
+        const response = await this.publicGetSystemConfig();
+        //
+        // {
+        //     "starknet_gateway_url": "https://potc-testnet-sepolia.starknet.io",
+        //     "starknet_fullnode_rpc_url": "https://pathfinder.api.testnet.paradex.trade/rpc/v0_7",
+        //     "starknet_chain_id": "PRIVATE_SN_POTC_SEPOLIA",
+        //     "block_explorer_url": "https://voyager.testnet.paradex.trade/",
+        //     "paraclear_address": "0x286003f7c7bfc3f94e8f0af48b48302e7aee2fb13c23b141479ba00832ef2c6",
+        //     "paraclear_decimals": 8,
+        //     "paraclear_account_proxy_hash": "0x3530cc4759d78042f1b543bf797f5f3d647cde0388c33734cf91b7f7b9314a9",
+        //     "paraclear_account_hash": "0x41cb0280ebadaa75f996d8d92c6f265f6d040bb3ba442e5f86a554f1765244e",
+        //     "oracle_address": "0x2c6a867917ef858d6b193a0ff9e62b46d0dc760366920d631715d58baeaca1f",
+        //     "bridged_tokens": [
+        //         {
+        //             "name": "TEST USDC",
+        //             "symbol": "USDC",
+        //             "decimals": 6,
+        //             "l1_token_address": "0x29A873159D5e14AcBd63913D4A7E2df04570c666",
+        //             "l1_bridge_address": "0x8586e05adc0C35aa11609023d4Ae6075Cb813b4C",
+        //             "l2_token_address": "0x6f373b346561036d98ea10fb3e60d2f459c872b1933b50b21fe6ef4fda3b75e",
+        //             "l2_bridge_address": "0x46e9237f5408b5f899e72125dd69bd55485a287aaf24663d3ebe00d237fc7ef"
+        //         }
+        //     ],
+        //     "l1_core_contract_address": "0x582CC5d9b509391232cd544cDF9da036e55833Af",
+        //     "l1_operator_address": "0x11bACdFbBcd3Febe5e8CEAa75E0Ef6444d9B45FB",
+        //     "l1_chain_id": "11155111",
+        //     "liquidation_fee": "0.2"
+        // }
+        //
+        this.options['systemConfig'] = response;
+        return response;
+    }
+    async prepareParadexDomain(l1 = false) {
+        const systemConfig = await this.getSystemConfig();
+        if (l1 === true) {
+            const l1D = {
+                'name': 'Paradex',
+                'chainId': systemConfig['l1_chain_id'],
+                'version': '1',
+            };
+            return l1D;
+        }
+        const domain = {
+            'name': 'Paradex',
+            'chainId': systemConfig['starknet_chain_id'],
+            'version': 1,
+        };
+        return domain;
+    }
+    async retrieveAccount() {
+        const cachedAccount = this.safeDict(this.options, 'paradexAccount');
+        if (cachedAccount !== undefined) {
+            return cachedAccount;
+        }
+        this.checkRequiredCredentials();
+        const systemConfig = await this.getSystemConfig();
+        const domain = await this.prepareParadexDomain(true);
+        const messageTypes = {
+            'Constant': [
+                { 'name': 'action', 'type': 'string' },
+            ],
+        };
+        const message = {
+            'action': 'STARK Key',
+        };
+        const msg = this.ethEncodeStructuredData(domain, messageTypes, message);
+        const signature = this.signMessage(msg, this.privateKey);
+        const account = this.retrieveStarkAccount(signature, systemConfig['paraclear_account_hash'], systemConfig['paraclear_account_proxy_hash']);
+        this.options['paradexAccount'] = account;
+        return account;
+    }
+    async onboarding(params = {}) {
+        const account = await this.retrieveAccount();
+        const req = {
+            'action': 'Onboarding',
+        };
+        const domain = await this.prepareParadexDomain();
+        const messageTypes = {
+            'Constant': [
+                { 'name': 'action', 'type': 'felt' },
+            ],
+        };
+        const msg = this.starknetEncodeStructuredData(domain, messageTypes, req, account['address']);
+        const signature = this.starknetSign(msg, account['privateKey']);
+        params['signature'] = signature;
+        params['account'] = account['address'];
+        params['public_key'] = account['publicKey'];
+        const response = await this.privatePostOnboarding(params);
+        return response;
+    }
+    async authenticateRest(params = {}) {
+        const cachedToken = this.safeString(this.options, 'authToken');
+        const now = this.nonce();
+        if (cachedToken !== undefined) {
+            const cachedExpires = this.safeInteger(this.options, 'expires');
+            if (now < cachedExpires) {
+                return cachedToken;
+            }
+        }
+        const account = await this.retrieveAccount();
+        // https://docs.paradex.trade/api-reference/general-information/authentication
+        const expires = now + 180;
+        const req = {
+            'method': 'POST',
+            'path': '/v1/auth',
+            'body': '',
+            'timestamp': now,
+            'expiration': expires,
+        };
+        const domain = await this.prepareParadexDomain();
+        const messageTypes = {
+            'Request': [
+                { 'name': 'method', 'type': 'felt' },
+                { 'name': 'path', 'type': 'felt' },
+                { 'name': 'body', 'type': 'felt' },
+                { 'name': 'timestamp', 'type': 'felt' },
+                { 'name': 'expiration', 'type': 'felt' },
+            ],
+        };
+        const msg = this.starknetEncodeStructuredData(domain, messageTypes, req, account['address']);
+        const signature = this.starknetSign(msg, account['privateKey']);
+        params['signature'] = signature;
+        params['account'] = account['address'];
+        params['timestamp'] = req['timestamp'];
+        params['expiration'] = req['expiration'];
+        const response = await this.privatePostAuth(params);
+        //
+        // {
+        //     jwt_token: "ooooccxtooootoooootheoooomoonooooo"
+        // }
+        //
+        const token = this.safeString(response, 'jwt_token');
+        this.options['authToken'] = token;
+        this.options['expires'] = expires;
+        return token;
+    }
+    parseOrder(order, market = undefined) {
+        //
+        // {
+        //     "account": "0x4638e3041366aa71720be63e32e53e1223316c7f0d56f7aa617542ed1e7512x",
+        //     "avg_fill_price": "26000",
+        //     "client_id": "x1234",
+        //     "cancel_reason": "NOT_ENOUGH_MARGIN",
+        //     "created_at": 1681493746016,
+        //     "flags": [
+        //         "REDUCE_ONLY"
+        //     ],
+        //     "id": "123456",
+        //     "instruction": "GTC",
+        //     "last_updated_at": 1681493746016,
+        //     "market": "BTC-USD-PERP",
+        //     "price": "26000",
+        //     "published_at": 1681493746016,
+        //     "received_at": 1681493746016,
+        //     "remaining_size": "0",
+        //     "seq_no": 1681471234972000000,
+        //     "side": "BUY",
+        //     "size": "0.05",
+        //     "status": "NEW",
+        //     "stp": "EXPIRE_MAKER",
+        //     "timestamp": 1681493746016,
+        //     "trigger_price": "26000",
+        //     "type": "MARKET"
+        // }
+        //
+        const timestamp = this.safeInteger(order, 'created_at');
+        const orderId = this.safeString(order, 'id');
+        const clientOrderId = this.omitZero(this.safeString(order, 'client_id'));
+        const marketId = this.safeString(order, 'market');
+        market = this.safeMarket(marketId, market);
+        const symbol = market['symbol'];
+        const price = this.safeString(order, 'price');
+        const amount = this.safeString(order, 'size');
+        const orderType = this.safeString(order, 'type');
+        const cancelReason = this.safeString(order, 'cancel_reason');
+        let status = this.safeString(order, 'status');
+        if (cancelReason !== undefined) {
+            if (cancelReason === 'NOT_ENOUGH_MARGIN' || cancelReason === 'ORDER_EXCEEDS_POSITION_LIMIT') {
+                status = 'rejected';
+            }
+            else {
+                status = 'canceled';
+            }
+        }
+        const side = this.safeStringLower(order, 'side');
+        const average = this.omitZero(this.safeString(order, 'avg_fill_price'));
+        const remaining = this.omitZero(this.safeString(order, 'remaining_size'));
+        const lastUpdateTimestamp = this.safeInteger(order, 'last_updated_at');
+        const flags = this.safeList(order, 'flags', []);
+        let reduceOnly = undefined;
+        if ('REDUCE_ONLY' in flags) {
+            reduceOnly = true;
+        }
+        return this.safeOrder({
+            'id': orderId,
+            'clientOrderId': clientOrderId,
+            'timestamp': timestamp,
+            'datetime': this.iso8601(timestamp),
+            'lastTradeTimestamp': undefined,
+            'lastUpdateTimestamp': lastUpdateTimestamp,
+            'status': this.parseOrderStatus(status),
+            'symbol': symbol,
+            'type': this.parseOrderType(orderType),
+            'timeInForce': this.parseTimeInForce(this.safeString(order, 'instruction')),
+            'postOnly': undefined,
+            'reduceOnly': reduceOnly,
+            'side': side,
+            'price': price,
+            'triggerPrice': this.safeString(order, 'trigger_price'),
+            'takeProfitPrice': undefined,
+            'stopLossPrice': undefined,
+            'average': average,
+            'amount': amount,
+            'filled': undefined,
+            'remaining': remaining,
+            'cost': undefined,
+            'trades': undefined,
+            'fee': {
+                'cost': undefined,
+                'currency': undefined,
+            },
+            'info': order,
+        }, market);
+    }
+    parseTimeInForce(timeInForce) {
+        const timeInForces = {
+            'IOC': 'IOC',
+            'GTC': 'GTC',
+            'POST_ONLY': 'PO',
+        };
+        return this.safeString(timeInForces, timeInForce, undefined);
+    }
+    parseOrderStatus(status) {
+        if (status !== undefined) {
+            const statuses = {
+                'NEW': 'open',
+                'UNTRIGGERED': 'open',
+                'OPEN': 'open',
+                'CLOSED': 'closed',
+            };
+            return this.safeString(statuses, status, status);
+        }
+        return status;
+    }
+    parseOrderType(type) {
+        const types = {
+            'LIMIT': 'limit',
+            'MARKET': 'market',
+            'STOP_LIMIT': 'limit',
+            'STOP_MARKET': 'market',
+        };
+        return this.safeStringLower(types, type, type);
+    }
+    convertShortString(str) {
+        // TODO: add stringToBase16 in exchange
+        return '0x' + this.binaryToBase16(this.base64ToBinary(this.stringToBase64(str)));
+    }
+    scaleNumber(num) {
+        return Precise.stringMul(num, '100000000');
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name paradex#createOrder
+     * @description create a trade order
+     * @see https://docs.api.prod.paradex.trade/#create-order
+     * @param {string} symbol unified symbol of the market to create an order in
+     * @param {string} type 'market' or 'limit'
+     * @param {string} side 'buy' or 'sell'
+     * @param {float} amount how much of currency you want to trade in units of base currency
+     * @param {float} [price] the price at which the order is to be fullfilled, in units of the quote currency, ignored in market orders
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @param {float} [params.stopPrice] alias for triggerPrice
+     * @param {float} [params.triggerPrice] The price a trigger order is triggered at
+     * @param {float} [params.stopLossPrice] the price that a stop loss order is triggered at
+     * @param {float} [params.takeProfitPrice] the price that a take profit order is triggered at
+     * @param {string} [params.timeInForce] "GTC", "IOC", or "POST_ONLY"
+     * @param {bool} [params.postOnly] true or false
+     * @param {bool} [params.reduceOnly] Ensures that the executed order does not flip the opened position.
+     * @param {string} [params.clientOrderId] a unique id for the order
+     * @returns {object} an [order structure]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure}
+     */
+    async createOrder(symbol, type, side, amount, price = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.authenticateRest();
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        const market = this.market(symbol);
+        let reduceOnly = this.safeBool2(params, 'reduceOnly', 'reduce_only');
+        const orderType = type.toUpperCase();
+        const orderSide = side.toUpperCase();
+        const request = {
+            'market': market['id'],
+            'side': orderSide,
+            'type': orderType, // LIMIT/MARKET/STOP_LIMIT/STOP_MARKET,STOP_LOSS_MARKET,STOP_LOSS_LIMIT,TAKE_PROFIT_MARKET,TAKE_PROFIT_LIMIT
+        };
+        const triggerPrice = this.safeString2(params, 'triggerPrice', 'stopPrice');
+        const stopLossPrice = this.safeString(params, 'stopLossPrice');
+        const takeProfitPrice = this.safeString(params, 'takeProfitPrice');
+        const isMarket = orderType === 'MARKET';
+        const isTakeProfitOrder = (takeProfitPrice !== undefined);
+        const isStopLossOrder = (stopLossPrice !== undefined);
+        const isStopOrder = (triggerPrice !== undefined) || isTakeProfitOrder || isStopLossOrder;
+        const timeInForce = this.safeStringUpper(params, 'timeInForce');
+        const postOnly = this.isPostOnly(isMarket, undefined, params);
+        if (!isMarket) {
+            if (postOnly) {
+                request['instruction'] = 'POST_ONLY';
+            }
+            else if (timeInForce === 'ioc') {
+                request['instruction'] = 'IOC';
+            }
+        }
+        if (price !== undefined) {
+            request['price'] = this.priceToPrecision(symbol, price);
+        }
+        const clientOrderId = this.safeStringN(params, ['clOrdID', 'clientOrderId', 'client_order_id']);
+        if (clientOrderId !== undefined) {
+            request['client_id'] = clientOrderId;
+        }
+        let sizeString = '0';
+        let stopPrice = undefined;
+        if (isStopOrder) {
+            // flags: Reduce_Only must be provided for TPSL orders.
+            if (isMarket) {
+                if (isStopLossOrder) {
+                    stopPrice = this.priceToPrecision(symbol, stopLossPrice);
+                    reduceOnly = true;
+                    request['type'] = 'STOP_LOSS_MARKET';
+                }
+                else if (isTakeProfitOrder) {
+                    stopPrice = this.priceToPrecision(symbol, takeProfitPrice);
+                    reduceOnly = true;
+                    request['type'] = 'TAKE_PROFIT_MARKET';
+                }
+                else {
+                    stopPrice = this.priceToPrecision(symbol, triggerPrice);
+                    sizeString = this.amountToPrecision(symbol, amount);
+                    request['type'] = 'STOP_MARKET';
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                if (isStopLossOrder) {
+                    stopPrice = this.priceToPrecision(symbol, stopLossPrice);
+                    reduceOnly = true;
+                    request['type'] = 'STOP_LOSS_LIMIT';
+                }
+                else if (isTakeProfitOrder) {
+                    stopPrice = this.priceToPrecision(symbol, takeProfitPrice);
+                    reduceOnly = true;
+                    request['type'] = 'TAKE_PROFIT_LIMIT';
+                }
+                else {
+                    stopPrice = this.priceToPrecision(symbol, triggerPrice);
+                    sizeString = this.amountToPrecision(symbol, amount);
+                    request['type'] = 'STOP_LIMIT';
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            sizeString = this.amountToPrecision(symbol, amount);
+        }
+        if (stopPrice !== undefined) {
+            request['trigger_price'] = stopPrice;
+        }
+        request['size'] = sizeString;
+        if (reduceOnly) {
+            request['flags'] = [
+                'REDUCE_ONLY',
+            ];
+        }
+        params = this.omit(params, ['reduceOnly', 'reduce_only', 'clOrdID', 'clientOrderId', 'client_order_id', 'postOnly', 'timeInForce', 'stopPrice', 'triggerPrice', 'stopLossPrice', 'takeProfitPrice']);
+        const account = await this.retrieveAccount();
+        const now = this.nonce();
+        const orderReq = {
+            'timestamp': now * 1000,
+            'market': this.convertShortString(request['market']),
+            'side': (orderSide === 'BUY') ? '1' : '2',
+            'orderType': this.convertShortString(request['type']),
+            'size': this.scaleNumber(request['size']),
+            'price': (isMarket) ? '0' : this.scaleNumber(request['price']),
+        };
+        const domain = await this.prepareParadexDomain();
+        const messageTypes = {
+            'Order': [
+                { 'name': 'timestamp', 'type': 'felt' },
+                { 'name': 'market', 'type': 'felt' },
+                { 'name': 'side', 'type': 'felt' },
+                { 'name': 'orderType', 'type': 'felt' },
+                { 'name': 'size', 'type': 'felt' },
+                { 'name': 'price', 'type': 'felt' },
+            ],
+        };
+        const msg = this.starknetEncodeStructuredData(domain, messageTypes, orderReq, account['address']);
+        const signature = this.starknetSign(msg, account['privateKey']);
+        request['signature'] = signature;
+        request['signature_timestamp'] = orderReq['timestamp'];
+        const response = await this.privatePostOrders(this.extend(request, params));
+        //
+        // {
+        //     "account": "0x4638e3041366aa71720be63e32e53e1223316c7f0d56f7aa617542ed1e7512x",
+        //     "avg_fill_price": "26000",
+        //     "cancel_reason": "NOT_ENOUGH_MARGIN",
+        //     "client_id": "x1234",
+        //     "created_at": 1681493746016,
+        //     "flags": [
+        //       "REDUCE_ONLY"
+        //     ],
+        //     "id": "123456",
+        //     "instruction": "GTC",
+        //     "last_updated_at": 1681493746016,
+        //     "market": "BTC-USD-PERP",
+        //     "price": "26000",
+        //     "published_at": 1681493746016,
+        //     "received_at": 1681493746016,
+        //     "remaining_size": "0",
+        //     "seq_no": 1681471234972000000,
+        //     "side": "BUY",
+        //     "size": "0.05",
+        //     "status": "NEW",
+        //     "stp": "EXPIRE_MAKER",
+        //     "timestamp": 1681493746016,
+        //     "trigger_price": "26000",
+        //     "type": "MARKET"
+        // }
+        //
+        const order = this.parseOrder(response, market);
+        return order;
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name paradex#cancelOrder
+     * @description cancels an open order
+     * @see https://docs.api.prod.paradex.trade/#cancel-order
+     * @see https://docs.api.prod.paradex.trade/#cancel-open-order-by-client-order-id
+     * @param {string} id order id
+     * @param {string} symbol unified symbol of the market the order was made in
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @param {string} [params.clientOrderId] a unique id for the order
+     * @returns {object} An [order structure]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure}
+     */
+    async cancelOrder(id, symbol = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.authenticateRest();
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        const request = {};
+        const clientOrderId = this.safeStringN(params, ['clOrdID', 'clientOrderId', 'client_order_id']);
+        let response = undefined;
+        if (clientOrderId !== undefined) {
+            request['client_id'] = clientOrderId;
+            response = await this.privateDeleteOrdersByClientIdClientId(this.extend(request, params));
+        }
+        else {
+            request['order_id'] = id;
+            response = await this.privateDeleteOrdersOrderId(this.extend(request, params));
+        }
+        //
+        // if success, no response...
+        //
+        return this.parseOrder(response);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name paradex#cancelAllOrders
+     * @description cancel all open orders in a market
+     * @see https://docs.api.prod.paradex.trade/#cancel-all-open-orders
+     * @param {string} symbol unified market symbol of the market to cancel orders in
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object[]} a list of [order structures]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure}
+     */
+    async cancelAllOrders(symbol = undefined, params = {}) {
+        if (symbol === undefined) {
+            throw new ArgumentsRequired(this.id + ' cancelAllOrders() requires a symbol argument');
+        }
+        await this.authenticateRest();
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        const market = this.market(symbol);
+        const request = {
+            'market': market['id'],
+        };
+        const response = await this.privateDeleteOrders(this.extend(request, params));
+        //
+        // if success, no response...
+        //
+        return [this.safeOrder({ 'info': response })];
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name paradex#fetchOrder
+     * @description fetches information on an order made by the user
+     * @see https://docs.api.prod.paradex.trade/#get-order
+     * @see https://docs.api.prod.paradex.trade/#get-order-by-client-id
+     * @param {string} id the order id
+     * @param {string} symbol unified symbol of the market the order was made in
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @param {string} [params.clientOrderId] a unique id for the order
+     * @returns {object} An [order structure]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure}
+     */
+    async fetchOrder(id, symbol = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.authenticateRest();
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        const request = {};
+        const clientOrderId = this.safeStringN(params, ['clOrdID', 'clientOrderId', 'client_order_id']);
+        params = this.omit(params, ['clOrdID', 'clientOrderId', 'client_order_id']);
+        let response = undefined;
+        if (clientOrderId !== undefined) {
+            request['client_id'] = clientOrderId;
+            response = await this.privateGetOrdersByClientIdClientId(this.extend(request, params));
+        }
+        else {
+            request['order_id'] = id;
+            response = await this.privateGetOrdersOrderId(this.extend(request, params));
+        }
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "id": "1718941725080201704028870000",
+        //         "account": "0x49ddd7a564c978f6e4089ff8355b56a42b7e2d48ba282cb5aad60f04bea0ec3",
+        //         "market": "BTC-USD-PERP",
+        //         "side": "SELL",
+        //         "type": "LIMIT",
+        //         "size": "10.153",
+        //         "remaining_size": "10.153",
+        //         "price": "70784.5",
+        //         "status": "CLOSED",
+        //         "created_at": 1718941725082,
+        //         "last_updated_at": 1718958002991,
+        //         "timestamp": 1718941724678,
+        //         "cancel_reason": "USER_CANCELED",
+        //         "client_id": "",
+        //         "seq_no": 1718958002991595738,
+        //         "instruction": "GTC",
+        //         "avg_fill_price": "",
+        //         "stp": "EXPIRE_TAKER",
+        //         "received_at": 1718958510959,
+        //         "published_at": 1718958510960,
+        //         "flags": [],
+        //         "trigger_price": "0"
+        //     }
+        //
+        return this.parseOrder(response);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name paradex#fetchOrders
+     * @description fetches information on multiple orders made by the user
+     * @see https://docs.api.prod.paradex.trade/#get-orders
+     * @param {string} symbol unified market symbol of the market orders were made in
+     * @param {int} [since] the earliest time in ms to fetch orders for
+     * @param {int} [limit] the maximum number of order structures to retrieve
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @param {string} [params.side] 'buy' or 'sell'
+     * @param {boolean} [params.paginate] set to true if you want to fetch orders with pagination
+     * @param {int} params.until timestamp in ms of the latest order to fetch
+     * @returns {Order[]} a list of [order structures]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure}
+     */
+    async fetchOrders(symbol = undefined, since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.authenticateRest();
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        let paginate = false;
+        [paginate, params] = this.handleOptionAndParams(params, 'fetchOrders', 'paginate');
+        if (paginate) {
+            return await this.fetchPaginatedCallCursor('fetchOrders', symbol, since, limit, params, 'next', 'cursor', undefined, 50);
+        }
+        let request = {};
+        let market = undefined;
+        if (symbol !== undefined) {
+            market = this.market(symbol);
+            request['market'] = market['id'];
+        }
+        if (since !== undefined) {
+            request['start_at'] = since;
+        }
+        if (limit !== undefined) {
+            request['page_size'] = limit;
+        }
+        [request, params] = this.handleUntilOption('end_at', request, params);
+        const response = await this.privateGetOrdersHistory(this.extend(request, params));
+        //
+        // {
+        //     "next": "eyJmaWx0ZXIiMsIm1hcmtlciI6eyJtYXJrZXIiOiIxNjc1NjUwMDE3NDMxMTAxNjk5N=",
+        //     "prev": "eyJmaWx0ZXIiOnsiTGltaXQiOjkwfSwidGltZSI6MTY4MTY3OTgzNzk3MTMwOTk1MywibWFya2VyIjp7Im1zMjExMD==",
+        //     "results": [
+        //       {
+        //         "account": "0x4638e3041366aa71720be63e32e53e1223316c7f0d56f7aa617542ed1e7512x",
+        //         "avg_fill_price": "26000",
+        //         "cancel_reason": "NOT_ENOUGH_MARGIN",
+        //         "client_id": "x1234",
+        //         "created_at": 1681493746016,
+        //         "flags": [
+        //           "REDUCE_ONLY"
+        //         ],
+        //         "id": "123456",
+        //         "instruction": "GTC",
+        //         "last_updated_at": 1681493746016,
+        //         "market": "BTC-USD-PERP",
+        //         "price": "26000",
+        //         "published_at": 1681493746016,
+        //         "received_at": 1681493746016,
+        //         "remaining_size": "0",
+        //         "seq_no": 1681471234972000000,
+        //         "side": "BUY",
+        //         "size": "0.05",
+        //         "status": "NEW",
+        //         "stp": "EXPIRE_MAKER",
+        //         "timestamp": 1681493746016,
+        //         "trigger_price": "26000",
+        //         "type": "MARKET"
+        //       }
+        //     ]
+        //   }
+        //
+        const orders = this.safeList(response, 'results', []);
+        const paginationCursor = this.safeString(response, 'next');
+        const ordersLength = orders.length;
+        if ((paginationCursor !== undefined) && (ordersLength > 0)) {
+            const first = orders[0];
+            first['next'] = paginationCursor;
+            orders[0] = first;
+        }
+        return this.parseOrders(orders, market, since, limit);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name paradex#fetchOpenOrders
+     * @description fetches information on multiple orders made by the user
+     * @see https://docs.api.prod.paradex.trade/#paradex-rest-api-orders
+     * @param {string} symbol unified market symbol of the market orders were made in
+     * @param {int} [since] the earliest time in ms to fetch orders for
+     * @param {int} [limit] the maximum number of order structures to retrieve
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {Order[]} a list of [order structures]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure}
+     */
+    async fetchOpenOrders(symbol = undefined, since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.authenticateRest();
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        const request = {};
+        let market = undefined;
+        if (symbol !== undefined) {
+            market = this.market(symbol);
+            request['market'] = market['id'];
+        }
+        const response = await this.privateGetOrders(this.extend(request, params));
+        //
+        //  {
+        //     "results": [
+        //       {
+        //         "account": "0x4638e3041366aa71720be63e32e53e1223316c7f0d56f7aa617542ed1e7512x",
+        //         "avg_fill_price": "26000",
+        //         "client_id": "x1234",
+        //         "cancel_reason": "NOT_ENOUGH_MARGIN",
+        //         "created_at": 1681493746016,
+        //         "flags": [
+        //           "REDUCE_ONLY"
+        //         ],
+        //         "id": "123456",
+        //         "instruction": "GTC",
+        //         "last_updated_at": 1681493746016,
+        //         "market": "BTC-USD-PERP",
+        //         "price": "26000",
+        //         "published_at": 1681493746016,
+        //         "received_at": 1681493746016,
+        //         "remaining_size": "0",
+        //         "seq_no": 1681471234972000000,
+        //         "side": "BUY",
+        //         "size": "0.05",
+        //         "status": "NEW",
+        //         "stp": "EXPIRE_MAKER",
+        //         "timestamp": 1681493746016,
+        //         "trigger_price": "26000",
+        //         "type": "MARKET"
+        //       }
+        //     ]
+        //   }
+        //
+        const orders = this.safeList(response, 'results', []);
+        return this.parseOrders(orders, market, since, limit);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name paradex#fetchBalance
+     * @description query for balance and get the amount of funds available for trading or funds locked in orders
+     * @see https://docs.api.prod.paradex.trade/#list-balances
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object} a [balance structure]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=balance-structure}
+     */
+    async fetchBalance(params = {}) {
+        await this.authenticateRest();
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        const response = await this.privateGetBalance();
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "results": [
+        //             {
+        //                 "token": "USDC",
+        //                 "size": "99980.2382266290601",
+        //                 "last_updated_at": 1718529757240
+        //             }
+        //         ]
+        //     }
+        //
+        const data = this.safeList(response, 'results', []);
+        return this.parseBalance(data);
+    }
+    parseBalance(response) {
+        const result = { 'info': response };
+        for (let i = 0; i < response.length; i++) {
+            const balance = this.safeDict(response, i, {});
+            const currencyId = this.safeString(balance, 'token');
+            const code = this.safeCurrencyCode(currencyId);
+            const account = this.account();
+            account['total'] = this.safeString(balance, 'size');
+            result[code] = account;
+        }
+        return this.safeBalance(result);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name paradex#fetchMyTrades
+     * @description fetch all trades made by the user
+     * @see https://docs.api.prod.paradex.trade/#list-fills
+     * @param {string} symbol unified market symbol
+     * @param {int} [since] the earliest time in ms to fetch trades for
+     * @param {int} [limit] the maximum number of trades structures to retrieve
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @param {boolean} [params.paginate] default false, when true will automatically paginate by calling this endpoint multiple times. See in the docs all the [available parameters](https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/wiki/Manual#pagination-params)
+     * @param {int} [params.until] the latest time in ms to fetch entries for
+     * @returns {Trade[]} a list of [trade structures]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=trade-structure}
+     */
+    async fetchMyTrades(symbol = undefined, since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.authenticateRest();
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        let paginate = false;
+        [paginate, params] = this.handleOptionAndParams(params, 'fetchMyTrades', 'paginate');
+        if (paginate) {
+            return await this.fetchPaginatedCallCursor('fetchMyTrades', symbol, since, limit, params, 'next', 'cursor', undefined, 100);
+        }
+        let request = {};
+        let market = undefined;
+        if (symbol !== undefined) {
+            market = this.market(symbol);
+            request['market'] = market['id'];
+        }
+        if (limit !== undefined) {
+            request['page_size'] = limit;
+        }
+        if (since !== undefined) {
+            request['start_at'] = since;
+        }
+        [request, params] = this.handleUntilOption('end_at', request, params);
+        const response = await this.privateGetFills(this.extend(request, params));
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "next": null,
+        //         "prev": null,
+        //         "results": [
+        //             {
+        //                 "id": "1718947571560201703986670001",
+        //                 "side": "BUY",
+        //                 "liquidity": "TAKER",
+        //                 "market": "BTC-USD-PERP",
+        //                 "order_id": "1718947571540201703992340000",
+        //                 "price": "64852.9",
+        //                 "size": "0.01",
+        //                 "fee": "0.1945587",
+        //                 "fee_currency": "USDC",
+        //                 "created_at": 1718947571569,
+        //                 "remaining_size": "0",
+        //                 "client_id": "",
+        //                 "fill_type": "FILL"
+        //             }
+        //         ]
+        //     }
+        //
+        const trades = this.safeList(response, 'results', []);
+        for (let i = 0; i < trades.length; i++) {
+            trades[i]['next'] = this.safeString(response, 'next');
+        }
+        return this.parseTrades(trades, market, since, limit);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name paradex#fetchPosition
+     * @description fetch data on an open position
+     * @see https://docs.api.prod.paradex.trade/#list-open-positions
+     * @param {string} symbol unified market symbol of the market the position is held in
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object} a [position structure]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=position-structure}
+     */
+    async fetchPosition(symbol, params = {}) {
+        await this.authenticateRest();
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        const market = this.market(symbol);
+        const positions = await this.fetchPositions([market['symbol']], params);
+        return this.safeDict(positions, 0, {});
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name paradex#fetchPositions
+     * @description fetch all open positions
+     * @see https://docs.api.prod.paradex.trade/#list-open-positions
+     * @param {string[]} [symbols] list of unified market symbols
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object[]} a list of [position structure]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=position-structure}
+     */
+    async fetchPositions(symbols = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.authenticateRest();
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        symbols = this.marketSymbols(symbols);
+        const response = await this.privateGetPositions();
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "results": [
+        //             {
+        //                 "id": "0x49ddd7a564c978f6e4089ff8355b56a42b7e2d48ba282cb5aad60f04bea0ec3-BTC-USD-PERP",
+        //                 "market": "BTC-USD-PERP",
+        //                 "status": "OPEN",
+        //                 "side": "LONG",
+        //                 "size": "0.01",
+        //                 "average_entry_price": "64839.96053748",
+        //                 "average_entry_price_usd": "64852.9",
+        //                 "realized_pnl": "0",
+        //                 "unrealized_pnl": "-2.39677214",
+        //                 "unrealized_funding_pnl": "-0.11214013",
+        //                 "cost": "648.39960537",
+        //                 "cost_usd": "648.529",
+        //                 "cached_funding_index": "35202.1002351",
+        //                 "last_updated_at": 1718950074249,
+        //                 "last_fill_id": "1718947571560201703986670001",
+        //                 "seq_no": 1718950074249176253,
+        //                 "liquidation_price": ""
+        //             }
+        //         ]
+        //     }
+        //
+        const data = this.safeList(response, 'results', []);
+        return this.parsePositions(data, symbols);
+    }
+    parsePosition(position, market = undefined) {
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "id": "0x49ddd7a564c978f6e4089ff8355b56a42b7e2d48ba282cb5aad60f04bea0ec3-BTC-USD-PERP",
+        //         "market": "BTC-USD-PERP",
+        //         "status": "OPEN",
+        //         "side": "LONG",
+        //         "size": "0.01",
+        //         "average_entry_price": "64839.96053748",
+        //         "average_entry_price_usd": "64852.9",
+        //         "realized_pnl": "0",
+        //         "unrealized_pnl": "-2.39677214",
+        //         "unrealized_funding_pnl": "-0.11214013",
+        //         "cost": "648.39960537",
+        //         "cost_usd": "648.529",
+        //         "cached_funding_index": "35202.1002351",
+        //         "last_updated_at": 1718950074249,
+        //         "last_fill_id": "1718947571560201703986670001",
+        //         "seq_no": 1718950074249176253,
+        //         "liquidation_price": ""
+        //     }
+        //
+        const marketId = this.safeString(position, 'market');
+        market = this.safeMarket(marketId, market);
+        const symbol = market['symbol'];
+        const side = this.safeStringLower(position, 'side');
+        let quantity = this.safeString(position, 'size');
+        if (side !== 'long') {
+            quantity = Precise.stringMul('-1', quantity);
+        }
+        const timestamp = this.safeInteger(position, 'time');
+        return this.safePosition({
+            'info': position,
+            'id': this.safeString(position, 'id'),
+            'symbol': symbol,
+            'entryPrice': this.safeString(position, 'average_entry_price'),
+            'markPrice': undefined,
+            'notional': undefined,
+            'collateral': this.safeString(position, 'cost'),
+            'unrealizedPnl': this.safeString(position, 'unrealized_pnl'),
+            'side': side,
+            'contracts': this.parseNumber(quantity),
+            'contractSize': undefined,
+            'timestamp': timestamp,
+            'datetime': this.iso8601(timestamp),
+            'hedged': undefined,
+            'maintenanceMargin': undefined,
+            'maintenanceMarginPercentage': undefined,
+            'initialMargin': undefined,
+            'initialMarginPercentage': undefined,
+            'leverage': undefined,
+            'liquidationPrice': undefined,
+            'marginRatio': undefined,
+            'marginMode': undefined,
+            'percentage': undefined,
+        });
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name paradex#fetchLiquidations
+     * @description retrieves the public liquidations of a trading pair
+     * @see https://docs.api.prod.paradex.trade/#list-liquidations
+     * @param {string} symbol unified CCXT market symbol
+     * @param {int} [since] the earliest time in ms to fetch liquidations for
+     * @param {int} [limit] the maximum number of liquidation structures to retrieve
+     * @param {object} [params] exchange specific parameters for the huobi api endpoint
+     * @param {int} [params.until] timestamp in ms of the latest liquidation
+     * @returns {object} an array of [liquidation structures]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=liquidation-structure}
+     */
+    async fetchLiquidations(symbol, since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.authenticateRest();
+        let request = {};
+        if (since !== undefined) {
+            request['from'] = since;
+        }
+        else {
+            request['from'] = 1;
+        }
+        const market = this.market(symbol);
+        [request, params] = this.handleUntilOption('to', request, params);
+        const response = await this.privateGetLiquidations(this.extend(request, params));
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "results": [
+        //             {
+        //                 "created_at": 1697213130097,
+        //                 "id": "0x123456789"
+        //             }
+        //         ]
+        //     }
+        //
+        const data = this.safeList(response, 'results', []);
+        return this.parseLiquidations(data, market, since, limit);
+    }
+    parseLiquidation(liquidation, market = undefined) {
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "created_at": 1697213130097,
+        //         "id": "0x123456789"
+        //     }
+        //
+        const timestamp = this.safeInteger(liquidation, 'created_at');
+        return this.safeLiquidation({
+            'info': liquidation,
+            'symbol': undefined,
+            'contracts': undefined,
+            'contractSize': undefined,
+            'price': undefined,
+            'side': undefined,
+            'baseValue': undefined,
+            'quoteValue': undefined,
+            'timestamp': timestamp,
+            'datetime': this.iso8601(timestamp),
+        });
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name paradex#fetchTransfers
+     * @description fetch all deposits made to an account
+     * @see https://docs.api.prod.paradex.trade/#paradex-rest-api-transfers
+     * @param {string} code unified currency code
+     * @param {int} [since] the earliest time in ms to fetch deposits for
+     * @param {int} [limit] the maximum number of deposits structures to retrieve
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @param {int} [params.until] the latest time in ms to fetch entries for
+     * @param {boolean} [params.paginate] default false, when true will automatically paginate by calling this endpoint multiple times. See in the docs all the [availble parameters](https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/wiki/Manual#pagination-params)
+     * @returns {object[]} a list of [transaction structures]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=transaction-structure}
+     */
+    async fetchDeposits(code = undefined, since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.authenticateRest();
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        let paginate = false;
+        [paginate, params] = this.handleOptionAndParams(params, 'fetchDeposits', 'paginate');
+        if (paginate) {
+            return await this.fetchPaginatedCallCursor('fetchDeposits', code, since, limit, params, 'next', 'cursor', undefined, 100);
+        }
+        let request = {};
+        if (limit !== undefined) {
+            request['page_size'] = limit;
+        }
+        if (since !== undefined) {
+            request['start_at'] = since;
+        }
+        [request, params] = this.handleUntilOption('end_at', request, params);
+        const response = await this.privateGetTransfers(this.extend(request, params));
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "next": null,
+        //         "prev": null,
+        //         "results": [
+        //             {
+        //                 "id": "1718940471200201703989430000",
+        //                 "account": "0x49ddd7a564c978f6e4089ff8355b56a42b7e2d48ba282cb5aad60f04bea0ec3",
+        //                 "kind": "DEPOSIT",
+        //                 "status": "COMPLETED",
+        //                 "amount": "100000",
+        //                 "token": "USDC",
+        //                 "created_at": 1718940471208,
+        //                 "last_updated_at": 1718941455546,
+        //                 "txn_hash": "0x73a415ca558a97bbdcd1c43e52b45f1e0486a0a84b3bb4958035ad6c59cb866",
+        //                 "external_txn_hash": "",
+        //                 "socialized_loss_factor": ""
+        //             }
+        //         ]
+        //     }
+        //
+        const rows = this.safeList(response, 'results', []);
+        const deposits = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < rows.length; i++) {
+            const row = rows[i];
+            if (row['kind'] === 'DEPOSIT') {
+                deposits.push(row);
+            }
+        }
+        return this.parseTransactions(deposits, undefined, since, limit);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name paradex#fetchWithdrawals
+     * @description fetch all withdrawals made from an account
+     * @see https://docs.api.prod.paradex.trade/#paradex-rest-api-transfers
+     * @param {string} code unified currency code
+     * @param {int} [since] the earliest time in ms to fetch withdrawals for
+     * @param {int} [limit] the maximum number of withdrawals structures to retrieve
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @param {int} [params.until] the latest time in ms to fetch withdrawals for
+     * @param {boolean} [params.paginate] default false, when true will automatically paginate by calling this endpoint multiple times. See in the docs all the [availble parameters](https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/wiki/Manual#pagination-params)
+     * @returns {object[]} a list of [transaction structures]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=transaction-structure}
+     */
+    async fetchWithdrawals(code = undefined, since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.authenticateRest();
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        let paginate = false;
+        [paginate, params] = this.handleOptionAndParams(params, 'fetchWithdrawals', 'paginate');
+        if (paginate) {
+            return await this.fetchPaginatedCallCursor('fetchWithdrawals', code, since, limit, params, 'next', 'cursor', undefined, 100);
+        }
+        let request = {};
+        if (limit !== undefined) {
+            request['page_size'] = limit;
+        }
+        if (since !== undefined) {
+            request['start_at'] = since;
+        }
+        [request, params] = this.handleUntilOption('end_at', request, params);
+        const response = await this.privateGetTransfers(this.extend(request, params));
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "next": null,
+        //         "prev": null,
+        //         "results": [
+        //             {
+        //                 "id": "1718940471200201703989430000",
+        //                 "account": "0x49ddd7a564c978f6e4089ff8355b56a42b7e2d48ba282cb5aad60f04bea0ec3",
+        //                 "kind": "DEPOSIT",
+        //                 "status": "COMPLETED",
+        //                 "amount": "100000",
+        //                 "token": "USDC",
+        //                 "created_at": 1718940471208,
+        //                 "last_updated_at": 1718941455546,
+        //                 "txn_hash": "0x73a415ca558a97bbdcd1c43e52b45f1e0486a0a84b3bb4958035ad6c59cb866",
+        //                 "external_txn_hash": "",
+        //                 "socialized_loss_factor": ""
+        //             }
+        //         ]
+        //     }
+        //
+        const rows = this.safeList(response, 'results', []);
+        const deposits = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < rows.length; i++) {
+            const row = rows[i];
+            if (row['kind'] === 'WITHDRAWAL') {
+                deposits.push(row);
+            }
+        }
+        return this.parseTransactions(deposits, undefined, since, limit);
+    }
+    parseTransaction(transaction, currency = undefined) {
+        //
+        // fetchDeposits & fetchWithdrawals
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "id": "1718940471200201703989430000",
+        //         "account": "0x49ddd7a564c978f6e4089ff8355b56a42b7e2d48ba282cb5aad60f04bea0ec3",
+        //         "kind": "DEPOSIT",
+        //         "status": "COMPLETED",
+        //         "amount": "100000",
+        //         "token": "USDC",
+        //         "created_at": 1718940471208,
+        //         "last_updated_at": 1718941455546,
+        //         "txn_hash": "0x73a415ca558a97bbdcd1c43e52b45f1e0486a0a84b3bb4958035ad6c59cb866",
+        //         "external_txn_hash": "",
+        //         "socialized_loss_factor": ""
+        //     }
+        //
+        const id = this.safeString(transaction, 'id');
+        const address = this.safeString(transaction, 'account');
+        const txid = this.safeString(transaction, 'txn_hash');
+        const currencyId = this.safeString(transaction, 'token');
+        const code = this.safeCurrencyCode(currencyId, currency);
+        const timestamp = this.safeInteger(transaction, 'created_at');
+        const updated = this.safeInteger(transaction, 'last_updated_at');
+        let type = this.safeString(transaction, 'kind');
+        type = (type === 'DEPOSIT') ? 'deposit' : 'withdrawal';
+        const status = this.parseTransactionStatus(this.safeString(transaction, 'status'));
+        const amount = this.safeNumber(transaction, 'amount');
+        return {
+            'info': transaction,
+            'id': id,
+            'txid': txid,
+            'timestamp': timestamp,
+            'datetime': this.iso8601(timestamp),
+            'network': undefined,
+            'address': address,
+            'addressTo': address,
+            'addressFrom': undefined,
+            'tag': undefined,
+            'tagTo': undefined,
+            'tagFrom': undefined,
+            'type': type,
+            'amount': amount,
+            'currency': code,
+            'status': status,
+            'updated': updated,
+            'internal': undefined,
+            'comment': undefined,
+            'fee': undefined,
+        };
+    }
+    parseTransactionStatus(status) {
+        const statuses = {
+            'PENDING': 'pending',
+            'AVAILABLE': 'pending',
+            'COMPLETED': 'ok',
+            'FAILED': 'failed',
+        };
+        return this.safeString(statuses, status, status);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name paradex#fetchMarginMode
+     * @description fetches the margin mode of a specific symbol
+     * @see https://docs.api.testnet.paradex.trade/#get-account-margin-configuration
+     * @param {string} symbol unified symbol of the market the order was made in
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object} a [margin mode structure]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=margin-mode-structure}
+     */
+    async fetchMarginMode(symbol, params = {}) {
+        await this.authenticateRest();
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        const market = this.market(symbol);
+        const request = {
+            'market': market['id'],
+        };
+        const response = await this.privateGetAccountMargin(this.extend(request, params));
+        //
+        // {
+        //     "account": "0x6343248026a845b39a8a73fbe9c7ef0a841db31ed5c61ec1446aa9d25e54dbc",
+        //     "configs": [
+        //         {
+        //             "market": "SOL-USD-PERP",
+        //             "leverage": 50,
+        //             "margin_type": "CROSS"
+        //         }
+        //     ]
+        // }
+        //
+        const configs = this.safeList(response, 'configs');
+        return this.parseMarginMode(this.safeDict(configs, 0), market);
+    }
+    parseMarginMode(rawMarginMode, market = undefined) {
+        const marketId = this.safeString(rawMarginMode, 'market');
+        market = this.safeMarket(marketId, market);
+        const marginMode = this.safeStringLower(rawMarginMode, 'margin_type');
+        return {
+            'info': rawMarginMode,
+            'symbol': market['symbol'],
+            'marginMode': marginMode,
+        };
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name paradex#setMarginMode
+     * @description set margin mode to 'cross' or 'isolated'
+     * @see https://docs.api.testnet.paradex.trade/#set-margin-configuration
+     * @param {string} marginMode 'cross' or 'isolated'
+     * @param {string} symbol unified market symbol
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @param {float} [params.leverage] the rate of leverage
+     * @returns {object} response from the exchange
+     */
+    async setMarginMode(marginMode, symbol = undefined, params = {}) {
+        this.checkRequiredArgument('setMarginMode', symbol, 'symbol');
+        await this.authenticateRest();
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        const market = this.market(symbol);
+        let leverage = undefined;
+        [leverage, params] = this.handleOptionAndParams(params, 'setMarginMode', 'leverage', 1);
+        const request = {
+            'market': market['id'],
+            'leverage': leverage,
+            'margin_type': this.encodeMarginMode(marginMode),
+        };
+        return await this.privatePostAccountMarginMarket(this.extend(request, params));
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name paradex#fetchLeverage
+     * @description fetch the set leverage for a market
+     * @see https://docs.api.testnet.paradex.trade/#get-account-margin-configuration
+     * @param {string} symbol unified market symbol
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object} a [leverage structure]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=leverage-structure}
+     */
+    async fetchLeverage(symbol, params = {}) {
+        await this.authenticateRest();
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        const market = this.market(symbol);
+        const request = {
+            'market': market['id'],
+        };
+        const response = await this.privateGetAccountMargin(this.extend(request, params));
+        //
+        // {
+        //     "account": "0x6343248026a845b39a8a73fbe9c7ef0a841db31ed5c61ec1446aa9d25e54dbc",
+        //     "configs": [
+        //         {
+        //             "market": "SOL-USD-PERP",
+        //             "leverage": 50,
+        //             "margin_type": "CROSS"
+        //         }
+        //     ]
+        // }
+        //
+        const configs = this.safeList(response, 'configs');
+        return this.parseLeverage(this.safeDict(configs, 0), market);
+    }
+    parseLeverage(leverage, market = undefined) {
+        const marketId = this.safeString(leverage, 'market');
+        market = this.safeMarket(marketId, market);
+        const marginMode = this.safeStringLower(leverage, 'margin_type');
+        return {
+            'info': leverage,
+            'symbol': this.safeSymbol(marketId, market),
+            'marginMode': marginMode,
+            'longLeverage': this.safeInteger(leverage, 'leverage'),
+            'shortLeverage': this.safeInteger(leverage, 'leverage'),
+        };
+    }
+    encodeMarginMode(mode) {
+        const modes = {
+            'cross': 'CROSS',
+            'isolated': 'ISOLATED',
+        };
+        return this.safeString(modes, mode, mode);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name paradex#setLeverage
+     * @description set the level of leverage for a market
+     * @see https://docs.api.testnet.paradex.trade/#set-margin-configuration
+     * @param {float} leverage the rate of leverage
+     * @param {string} [symbol] unified market symbol (is mandatory for swap markets)
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @param {string} [params.marginMode] 'cross' or 'isolated'
+     * @returns {object} response from the exchange
+     */
+    async setLeverage(leverage, symbol = undefined, params = {}) {
+        this.checkRequiredArgument('setLeverage', symbol, 'symbol');
+        await this.authenticateRest();
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        const market = this.market(symbol);
+        let marginMode = undefined;
+        [marginMode, params] = this.handleMarginModeAndParams('setLeverage', params, 'cross');
+        const request = {
+            'market': market['id'],
+            'leverage': leverage,
+            'margin_type': this.encodeMarginMode(marginMode),
+        };
+        return await this.privatePostAccountMarginMarket(this.extend(request, params));
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name paradex#fetchGreeks
+     * @description fetches an option contracts greeks, financial metrics used to measure the factors that affect the price of an options contract
+     * @see https://docs.api.testnet.paradex.trade/#list-available-markets-summary
+     * @param {string} symbol unified symbol of the market to fetch greeks for
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object} a [greeks structure]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=greeks-structure}
+     */
+    async fetchGreeks(symbol, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        const market = this.market(symbol);
+        const request = {
+            'market': market['id'],
+        };
+        const response = await this.publicGetMarketsSummary(this.extend(request, params));
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "results": [
+        //             {
+        //                 "symbol": "BTC-USD-114000-P",
+        //                 "mark_price": "10835.66892602",
+        //                 "mark_iv": "0.71781855",
+        //                 "delta": "-0.98726024",
+        //                 "greeks": {
+        //                     "delta": "-0.9872602390817709",
+        //                     "gamma": "0.000004560958862297231",
+        //                     "vega": "227.11344863639806",
+        //                     "rho": "-302.0617972461581",
+        //                     "vanna": "0.06609830491614832",
+        //                     "volga": "925.9501532805552"
+        //                 },
+        //                 "last_traded_price": "10551.5",
+        //                 "bid": "10794.9",
+        //                 "bid_iv": "0.05",
+        //                 "ask": "10887.3",
+        //                 "ask_iv": "0.8783283",
+        //                 "last_iv": "0.05",
+        //                 "volume_24h": "0",
+        //                 "total_volume": "195240.72672261014",
+        //                 "created_at": 1747644009995,
+        //                 "underlying_price": "103164.79162649",
+        //                 "open_interest": "0",
+        //                 "funding_rate": "0.000004464241170536191",
+        //                 "price_change_rate_24h": "0.074915",
+        //                 "future_funding_rate": "0.0001"
+        //             }
+        //         ]
+        //     }
+        //
+        const data = this.safeList(response, 'results', []);
+        const greeks = this.safeDict(data, 0, {});
+        return this.parseGreeks(greeks, market);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name paradex#fetchAllGreeks
+     * @description fetches all option contracts greeks, financial metrics used to measure the factors that affect the price of an options contract
+     * @see https://docs.api.testnet.paradex.trade/#list-available-markets-summary
+     * @param {string[]} [symbols] unified symbols of the markets to fetch greeks for, all markets are returned if not assigned
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object} a [greeks structure]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=greeks-structure}
+     */
+    async fetchAllGreeks(symbols = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        symbols = this.marketSymbols(symbols, undefined, true, true, true);
+        const request = {
+            'market': 'ALL',
+        };
+        const response = await this.publicGetMarketsSummary(this.extend(request, params));
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "results": [
+        //             {
+        //                 "symbol": "BTC-USD-114000-P",
+        //                 "mark_price": "10835.66892602",
+        //                 "mark_iv": "0.71781855",
+        //                 "delta": "-0.98726024",
+        //                 "greeks": {
+        //                     "delta": "-0.9872602390817709",
+        //                     "gamma": "0.000004560958862297231",
+        //                     "vega": "227.11344863639806",
+        //                     "rho": "-302.0617972461581",
+        //                     "vanna": "0.06609830491614832",
+        //                     "volga": "925.9501532805552"
+        //                 },
+        //                 "last_traded_price": "10551.5",
+        //                 "bid": "10794.9",
+        //                 "bid_iv": "0.05",
+        //                 "ask": "10887.3",
+        //                 "ask_iv": "0.8783283",
+        //                 "last_iv": "0.05",
+        //                 "volume_24h": "0",
+        //                 "total_volume": "195240.72672261014",
+        //                 "created_at": 1747644009995,
+        //                 "underlying_price": "103164.79162649",
+        //                 "open_interest": "0",
+        //                 "funding_rate": "0.000004464241170536191",
+        //                 "price_change_rate_24h": "0.074915",
+        //                 "future_funding_rate": "0.0001"
+        //             }
+        //         ]
+        //     }
+        //
+        const results = this.safeList(response, 'results', []);
+        return this.parseAllGreeks(results, symbols);
+    }
+    parseGreeks(greeks, market = undefined) {
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "symbol": "BTC-USD-114000-P",
+        //         "mark_price": "10835.66892602",
+        //         "mark_iv": "0.71781855",
+        //         "delta": "-0.98726024",
+        //         "greeks": {
+        //             "delta": "-0.9872602390817709",
+        //             "gamma": "0.000004560958862297231",
+        //             "vega": "227.11344863639806",
+        //             "rho": "-302.0617972461581",
+        //             "vanna": "0.06609830491614832",
+        //             "volga": "925.9501532805552"
+        //         },
+        //         "last_traded_price": "10551.5",
+        //         "bid": "10794.9",
+        //         "bid_iv": "0.05",
+        //         "ask": "10887.3",
+        //         "ask_iv": "0.8783283",
+        //         "last_iv": "0.05",
+        //         "volume_24h": "0",
+        //         "total_volume": "195240.72672261014",
+        //         "created_at": 1747644009995,
+        //         "underlying_price": "103164.79162649",
+        //         "open_interest": "0",
+        //         "funding_rate": "0.000004464241170536191",
+        //         "price_change_rate_24h": "0.074915",
+        //         "future_funding_rate": "0.0001"
+        //     }
+        //
+        const marketId = this.safeString(greeks, 'symbol');
+        market = this.safeMarket(marketId, market, undefined, 'option');
+        const symbol = market['symbol'];
+        const timestamp = this.safeInteger(greeks, 'created_at');
+        const greeksData = this.safeDict(greeks, 'greeks', {});
+        return {
+            'symbol': symbol,
+            'timestamp': timestamp,
+            'datetime': this.iso8601(timestamp),
+            'delta': this.safeNumber(greeksData, 'delta'),
+            'gamma': this.safeNumber(greeksData, 'gamma'),
+            'theta': undefined,
+            'vega': this.safeNumber(greeksData, 'vega'),
+            'rho': this.safeNumber(greeksData, 'rho'),
+            'vanna': this.safeNumber(greeksData, 'vanna'),
+            'volga': this.safeNumber(greeksData, 'volga'),
+            'bidSize': undefined,
+            'askSize': undefined,
+            'bidImpliedVolatility': this.safeNumber(greeks, 'bid_iv'),
+            'askImpliedVolatility': this.safeNumber(greeks, 'ask_iv'),
+            'markImpliedVolatility': this.safeNumber(greeks, 'mark_iv'),
+            'bidPrice': this.safeNumber(greeks, 'bid'),
+            'askPrice': this.safeNumber(greeks, 'ask'),
+            'markPrice': this.safeNumber(greeks, 'mark_price'),
+            'lastPrice': this.safeNumber(greeks, 'last_traded_price'),
+            'underlyingPrice': this.safeNumber(greeks, 'underlying_price'),
+            'info': greeks,
+        };
+    }
+    sign(path, api = 'public', method = 'GET', params = {}, headers = undefined, body = undefined) {
+        let url = this.implodeHostname(this.urls['api'][this.version]) + '/' + this.implodeParams(path, params);
+        const query = this.omit(params, this.extractParams(path));
+        if (api === 'public') {
+            if (Object.keys(query).length) {
+                url += '?' + this.urlencode(query);
+            }
+        }
+        else if (api === 'private') {
+            headers = {
+                'Accept': 'application/json',
+                'PARADEX-PARTNER': this.safeString(this.options, 'broker', 'CCXT'),
+            };
+            // TODO: optimize
+            if (path === 'auth') {
+                headers['PARADEX-STARKNET-ACCOUNT'] = query['account'];
+                headers['PARADEX-STARKNET-SIGNATURE'] = query['signature'];
+                headers['PARADEX-TIMESTAMP'] = query['timestamp'].toString();
+                headers['PARADEX-SIGNATURE-EXPIRATION'] = query['expiration'].toString();
+            }
+            else if (path === 'onboarding') {
+                headers['PARADEX-ETHEREUM-ACCOUNT'] = this.walletAddress;
+                headers['PARADEX-STARKNET-ACCOUNT'] = query['account'];
+                headers['PARADEX-STARKNET-SIGNATURE'] = query['signature'];
+                headers['PARADEX-TIMESTAMP'] = this.nonce().toString();
+                headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json';
+                body = this.json({
+                    'public_key': query['public_key'],
+                });
+            }
+            else {
+                const token = this.options['authToken'];
+                headers['Authorization'] = 'Bearer ' + token;
+                if (method === 'POST') {
+                    headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json';
+                    body = this.json(query);
+                }
+                else {
+                    url = url + '?' + this.urlencode(query);
+                }
+            }
+            // headers = {
+            //     'Accept': 'application/json',
+            //     'Authorization': 'Bearer ' + this.apiKey,
+            // };
+            // if (method === 'POST') {
+            //     body = this.json (query);
+            //     headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json';
+            // } else {
+            //     if (Object.keys (query).length) {
+            //         url += '?' + this.urlencode (query);
+            //     }
+            // }
+        }
+        return { 'url': url, 'method': method, 'body': body, 'headers': headers };
+    }
+    handleErrors(httpCode, reason, url, method, headers, body, response, requestHeaders, requestBody) {
+        if (!response) {
+            return undefined; // fallback to default error handler
+        }
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "data": null,
+        //         "error": "NOT_ONBOARDED",
+        //         "message": "User has never called /onboarding endpoint"
+        //     }
+        //
+        const errorCode = this.safeString(response, 'error');
+        if (errorCode !== undefined) {
+            const feedback = this.id + ' ' + body;
+            this.throwBroadlyMatchedException(this.exceptions['broad'], body, feedback);
+            this.throwExactlyMatchedException(this.exceptions['exact'], errorCode, feedback);
+            throw new ExchangeError(feedback); // unknown message
+        }
+        return undefined;
+    }
+}