ccxt-ir 4.10.0 → 4.11.0

package/js/src/src/pro/bybit.js

@@ -0,0 +1,2519 @@
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// PLEASE DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE, IT IS GENERATED AND WILL BE OVERWRITTEN:
+// https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-code
+// EDIT THE CORRESPONDENT .ts FILE INSTEAD
+
+//  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+import bybitRest from '../bybit.js';
+import { ArgumentsRequired, AuthenticationError, ExchangeError, BadRequest, NotSupported } from '../base/errors.js';
+import { ArrayCache, ArrayCacheBySymbolById, ArrayCacheBySymbolBySide, ArrayCacheByTimestamp } from '../base/ws/Cache.js';
+import { sha256 } from '../static_dependencies/noble-hashes/sha256.js';
+//  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+export default class bybit extends bybitRest {
+    describe() {
+        return this.deepExtend(super.describe(), {
+            'has': {
+                'ws': true,
+                'createOrderWs': true,
+                'editOrderWs': true,
+                'fetchOpenOrdersWs': false,
+                'fetchOrderWs': false,
+                'cancelOrderWs': true,
+                'cancelOrdersWs': false,
+                'cancelAllOrdersWs': false,
+                'fetchTradesWs': false,
+                'fetchBalanceWs': false,
+                'watchBalance': true,
+                'watchBidsAsks': true,
+                'watchLiquidations': true,
+                'watchLiquidationsForSymbols': false,
+                'watchMyLiquidations': false,
+                'watchMyLiquidationsForSymbols': false,
+                'watchMyTrades': true,
+                'watchOHLCV': true,
+                'watchOHLCVForSymbols': true,
+                'watchOrderBook': true,
+                'watchOrderBookForSymbols': true,
+                'watchOrders': true,
+                'watchTicker': true,
+                'watchTickers': true,
+                'watchTrades': true,
+                'watchPositions': true,
+                'watchTradesForSymbols': true,
+                'unWatchTicker': true,
+                'unWatchTickers': true,
+                'unWatchOHLCV': true,
+                'unWatchOHLCVForSymbols': true,
+                'unWatchOrderBook': true,
+                'unWatchOrderBookForSymbols': true,
+                'unWatchTrades': true,
+                'unWatchTradesForSymbols': true,
+                'unWatchMyTrades': true,
+                'unWatchOrders': true,
+                'unWatchPositions': true,
+            },
+            'urls': {
+                'api': {
+                    'ws': {
+                        'public': {
+                            'spot': 'wss://stream.{hostname}/v5/public/spot',
+                            'inverse': 'wss://stream.{hostname}/v5/public/inverse',
+                            'option': 'wss://stream.{hostname}/v5/public/option',
+                            'linear': 'wss://stream.{hostname}/v5/public/linear',
+                        },
+                        'private': {
+                            'spot': {
+                                'unified': 'wss://stream.{hostname}/v5/private',
+                                'nonUnified': 'wss://stream.{hostname}/spot/private/v3',
+                            },
+                            'contract': 'wss://stream.{hostname}/v5/private',
+                            'usdc': 'wss://stream.{hostname}/trade/option/usdc/private/v1',
+                            'trade': 'wss://stream.bybit.com/v5/trade',
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+                'test': {
+                    'ws': {
+                        'public': {
+                            'spot': 'wss://stream-testnet.{hostname}/v5/public/spot',
+                            'inverse': 'wss://stream-testnet.{hostname}/v5/public/inverse',
+                            'linear': 'wss://stream-testnet.{hostname}/v5/public/linear',
+                            'option': 'wss://stream-testnet.{hostname}/v5/public/option',
+                        },
+                        'private': {
+                            'spot': {
+                                'unified': 'wss://stream-testnet.{hostname}/v5/private',
+                                'nonUnified': 'wss://stream-testnet.{hostname}/spot/private/v3',
+                            },
+                            'contract': 'wss://stream-testnet.{hostname}/v5/private',
+                            'usdc': 'wss://stream-testnet.{hostname}/trade/option/usdc/private/v1',
+                            'trade': 'wss://stream-testnet.bybit.com/v5/trade',
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+                'demotrading': {
+                    'ws': {
+                        'public': {
+                            'spot': 'wss://stream.{hostname}/v5/public/spot',
+                            'inverse': 'wss://stream.{hostname}/v5/public/inverse',
+                            'option': 'wss://stream.{hostname}/v5/public/option',
+                            'linear': 'wss://stream.{hostname}/v5/public/linear',
+                        },
+                        'private': {
+                            'spot': {
+                                'unified': 'wss://stream-demo.{hostname}/v5/private',
+                                'nonUnified': 'wss://stream-demo.{hostname}/spot/private/v3',
+                            },
+                            'contract': 'wss://stream-demo.{hostname}/v5/private',
+                            'usdc': 'wss://stream-demo.{hostname}/trade/option/usdc/private/v1',
+                            'trade': 'wss://stream-demo.bybit.com/v5/trade',
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+            'options': {
+                'watchTicker': {
+                    'name': 'tickers', // 'tickers' for 24hr statistical ticker or 'tickers_lt' for leverage token ticker
+                },
+                'watchPositions': {
+                    'fetchPositionsSnapshot': true,
+                    'awaitPositionsSnapshot': true, // whether to wait for the positions snapshot before providing updates
+                },
+                'watchMyTrades': {
+                    // filter execType: https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/api-explorer/v5/position/execution
+                    'filterExecTypes': [
+                        'Trade', 'AdlTrade', 'BustTrade', 'Settle',
+                    ],
+                },
+                'spot': {
+                    'timeframes': {
+                        '1m': '1m',
+                        '3m': '3m',
+                        '5m': '5m',
+                        '15m': '15m',
+                        '30m': '30m',
+                        '1h': '1h',
+                        '2h': '2h',
+                        '4h': '4h',
+                        '6h': '6h',
+                        '12h': '12h',
+                        '1d': '1d',
+                        '1w': '1w',
+                        '1M': '1M',
+                    },
+                },
+                'contract': {
+                    'timeframes': {
+                        '1m': '1',
+                        '3m': '3',
+                        '5m': '5',
+                        '15m': '15',
+                        '30m': '30',
+                        '1h': '60',
+                        '2h': '120',
+                        '4h': '240',
+                        '6h': '360',
+                        '12h': '720',
+                        '1d': 'D',
+                        '1w': 'W',
+                        '1M': 'M',
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+            'streaming': {
+                'ping': this.ping,
+                'keepAlive': 18000,
+            },
+        });
+    }
+    requestId() {
+        const requestId = this.sum(this.safeInteger(this.options, 'requestId', 0), 1);
+        this.options['requestId'] = requestId;
+        return requestId;
+    }
+    async getUrlByMarketType(symbol = undefined, isPrivate = false, method = undefined, params = {}) {
+        const accessibility = isPrivate ? 'private' : 'public';
+        let isUsdcSettled = undefined;
+        let isSpot = undefined;
+        let type = undefined;
+        let market = undefined;
+        let url = this.urls['api']['ws'];
+        if (symbol !== undefined) {
+            market = this.market(symbol);
+            isUsdcSettled = market['settle'] === 'USDC';
+            type = market['type'];
+        }
+        else {
+            [type, params] = this.handleMarketTypeAndParams(method, undefined, params);
+            let defaultSettle = this.safeString(this.options, 'defaultSettle');
+            defaultSettle = this.safeString2(params, 'settle', 'defaultSettle', defaultSettle);
+            isUsdcSettled = (defaultSettle === 'USDC');
+        }
+        isSpot = (type === 'spot');
+        if (isPrivate) {
+            const unified = await this.isUnifiedEnabled();
+            const isUnifiedMargin = this.safeBool(unified, 0, false);
+            const isUnifiedAccount = this.safeBool(unified, 1, false);
+            if (isUsdcSettled && !isUnifiedMargin && !isUnifiedAccount) {
+                url = url[accessibility]['usdc'];
+            }
+            else {
+                url = url[accessibility]['contract'];
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            if (isSpot) {
+                url = url[accessibility]['spot'];
+            }
+            else if ((type === 'swap') || (type === 'future')) {
+                let subType = undefined;
+                [subType, params] = this.handleSubTypeAndParams(method, market, params, 'linear');
+                url = url[accessibility][subType];
+            }
+            else {
+                // option
+                url = url[accessibility]['option'];
+            }
+        }
+        url = this.implodeHostname(url);
+        return url;
+    }
+    cleanParams(params) {
+        params = this.omit(params, ['type', 'subType', 'settle', 'defaultSettle', 'unifiedMargin']);
+        return params;
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name bybit#createOrderWs
+     * @description create a trade order
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/order/create-order
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/trade/guideline#createamendcancel-order
+     * @param {string} symbol unified symbol of the market to create an order in
+     * @param {string} type 'market' or 'limit'
+     * @param {string} side 'buy' or 'sell'
+     * @param {float} amount how much of currency you want to trade in units of base currency
+     * @param {float} [price] the price at which the order is to be fulfilled, in units of the quote currency, ignored in market orders
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @param {string} [params.timeInForce] "GTC", "IOC", "FOK"
+     * @param {bool} [params.postOnly] true or false whether the order is post-only
+     * @param {bool} [params.reduceOnly] true or false whether the order is reduce-only
+     * @param {string} [params.positionIdx] *contracts only*  0 for one-way mode, 1 buy side  of hedged mode, 2 sell side of hedged mode
+     * @param {boolean} [params.isLeverage] *unified spot only* false then spot trading true then margin trading
+     * @param {string} [params.tpslMode] *contract only* 'full' or 'partial'
+     * @param {string} [params.mmp] *option only* market maker protection
+     * @param {string} [params.triggerDirection] *contract only* the direction for trigger orders, 'above' or 'below'
+     * @param {float} [params.triggerPrice] The price at which a trigger order is triggered at
+     * @param {float} [params.stopLossPrice] The price at which a stop loss order is triggered at
+     * @param {float} [params.takeProfitPrice] The price at which a take profit order is triggered at
+     * @param {object} [params.takeProfit] *takeProfit object in params* containing the triggerPrice at which the attached take profit order will be triggered
+     * @param {float} [params.takeProfit.triggerPrice] take profit trigger price
+     * @param {object} [params.stopLoss] *stopLoss object in params* containing the triggerPrice at which the attached stop loss order will be triggered
+     * @param {float} [params.stopLoss.triggerPrice] stop loss trigger price
+     * @param {string} [params.trailingAmount] the quote amount to trail away from the current market price
+     * @param {string} [params.trailingTriggerPrice] the price to trigger a trailing order, default uses the price argument
+     * @returns {object} an [order structure]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure}
+     */
+    async createOrderWs(symbol, type, side, amount, price = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        const orderRequest = this.createOrderRequest(symbol, type, side, amount, price, params, true);
+        const url = this.urls['api']['ws']['private']['trade'];
+        await this.authenticate(url);
+        const requestId = this.requestId().toString();
+        const request = {
+            'op': 'order.create',
+            'reqId': requestId,
+            'args': [
+                orderRequest,
+            ],
+            'header': {
+                'X-BAPI-TIMESTAMP': this.milliseconds().toString(),
+                'X-BAPI-RECV-WINDOW': this.options['recvWindow'].toString(),
+            },
+        };
+        return await this.watch(url, requestId, request, requestId, true);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name bybit#editOrderWs
+     * @description edit a trade order
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/order/amend-order
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/trade/guideline#createamendcancel-order
+     * @param {string} id cancel order id
+     * @param {string} symbol unified symbol of the market to create an order in
+     * @param {string} type 'market' or 'limit'
+     * @param {string} side 'buy' or 'sell'
+     * @param {float} amount how much of currency you want to trade in units of base currency
+     * @param {float} price the price at which the order is to be fulfilled, in units of the quote currency, ignored in market orders
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @param {float} [params.triggerPrice] The price that a trigger order is triggered at
+     * @param {float} [params.stopLossPrice] The price that a stop loss order is triggered at
+     * @param {float} [params.takeProfitPrice] The price that a take profit order is triggered at
+     * @param {object} [params.takeProfit] *takeProfit object in params* containing the triggerPrice that the attached take profit order will be triggered
+     * @param {float} [params.takeProfit.triggerPrice] take profit trigger price
+     * @param {object} [params.stopLoss] *stopLoss object in params* containing the triggerPrice that the attached stop loss order will be triggered
+     * @param {float} [params.stopLoss.triggerPrice] stop loss trigger price
+     * @param {string} [params.triggerBy] 'IndexPrice', 'MarkPrice' or 'LastPrice', default is 'LastPrice', required if no initial value for triggerPrice
+     * @param {string} [params.slTriggerBy] 'IndexPrice', 'MarkPrice' or 'LastPrice', default is 'LastPrice', required if no initial value for stopLoss
+     * @param {string} [params.tpTriggerby] 'IndexPrice', 'MarkPrice' or 'LastPrice', default is 'LastPrice', required if no initial value for takeProfit
+     * @returns {object} an [order structure]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure}
+     */
+    async editOrderWs(id, symbol, type, side, amount = undefined, price = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        const orderRequest = this.editOrderRequest(id, symbol, type, side, amount, price, params);
+        const url = this.urls['api']['ws']['private']['trade'];
+        await this.authenticate(url);
+        const requestId = this.requestId().toString();
+        const request = {
+            'op': 'order.amend',
+            'reqId': requestId,
+            'args': [
+                orderRequest,
+            ],
+            'header': {
+                'X-BAPI-TIMESTAMP': this.milliseconds().toString(),
+                'X-BAPI-RECV-WINDOW': this.options['recvWindow'].toString(),
+            },
+        };
+        return await this.watch(url, requestId, request, requestId, true);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name bybit#cancelOrderWs
+     * @description cancels an open order
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/order/cancel-order
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/trade/guideline#createamendcancel-order
+     * @param {string} id order id
+     * @param {string} symbol unified symbol of the market the order was made in
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @param {boolean} [params.trigger] *spot only* whether the order is a trigger order
+     * @param {string} [params.orderFilter] *spot only* 'Order' or 'StopOrder' or 'tpslOrder'
+     * @returns {object} An [order structure]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure}
+     */
+    async cancelOrderWs(id, symbol = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        const orderRequest = this.cancelOrderRequest(id, symbol, params);
+        const url = this.urls['api']['ws']['private']['trade'];
+        await this.authenticate(url);
+        const requestId = this.requestId().toString();
+        if ('orderFilter' in orderRequest) {
+            delete orderRequest['orderFilter'];
+        }
+        const request = {
+            'op': 'order.cancel',
+            'reqId': requestId,
+            'args': [
+                orderRequest,
+            ],
+            'header': {
+                'X-BAPI-TIMESTAMP': this.milliseconds().toString(),
+                'X-BAPI-RECV-WINDOW': this.options['recvWindow'].toString(),
+            },
+        };
+        return await this.watch(url, requestId, request, requestId, true);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name bybit#watchTicker
+     * @description watches a price ticker, a statistical calculation with the information calculated over the past 24 hours for a specific market
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/public/ticker
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/public/etp-ticker
+     * @param {string} symbol unified symbol of the market to fetch the ticker for
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object} a [ticker structure]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=ticker-structure}
+     */
+    async watchTicker(symbol, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        const market = this.market(symbol);
+        symbol = market['symbol'];
+        const messageHash = 'ticker:' + symbol;
+        const url = await this.getUrlByMarketType(symbol, false, 'watchTicker', params);
+        params = this.cleanParams(params);
+        const options = this.safeValue(this.options, 'watchTicker', {});
+        let topic = this.safeString(options, 'name', 'tickers');
+        if (!market['spot'] && topic !== 'tickers') {
+            throw new BadRequest(this.id + ' watchTicker() only supports name tickers for contract markets');
+        }
+        topic += '.' + market['id'];
+        const topics = [topic];
+        return await this.watchTopics(url, [messageHash], topics, params);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name bybit#watchTickers
+     * @description watches a price ticker, a statistical calculation with the information calculated over the past 24 hours for all markets of a specific list
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/public/ticker
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/public/etp-ticker
+     * @param {string[]} symbols unified symbol of the market to fetch the ticker for
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object} a [ticker structure]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=ticker-structure}
+     */
+    async watchTickers(symbols = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        symbols = this.marketSymbols(symbols, undefined, false);
+        const messageHashes = [];
+        const url = await this.getUrlByMarketType(symbols[0], false, 'watchTickers', params);
+        params = this.cleanParams(params);
+        const options = this.safeValue(this.options, 'watchTickers', {});
+        const topic = this.safeString(options, 'name', 'tickers');
+        const marketIds = this.marketIds(symbols);
+        const topics = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < marketIds.length; i++) {
+            const marketId = marketIds[i];
+            topics.push(topic + '.' + marketId);
+            messageHashes.push('ticker:' + symbols[i]);
+        }
+        const ticker = await this.watchTopics(url, messageHashes, topics, params);
+        if (this.newUpdates) {
+            const result = {};
+            result[ticker['symbol']] = ticker;
+            return result;
+        }
+        return this.filterByArray(this.tickers, 'symbol', symbols);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name bybit#unWatchTickers
+     * @description unWatches a price ticker
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/public/ticker
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/public/etp-ticker
+     * @param {string[]} symbols unified symbol of the market to fetch the ticker for
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object} a [ticker structure]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=ticker-structure}
+     */
+    async unWatchTickers(symbols = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        symbols = this.marketSymbols(symbols, undefined, false);
+        const options = this.safeValue(this.options, 'watchTickers', {});
+        const topic = this.safeString(options, 'name', 'tickers');
+        const messageHashes = [];
+        const subMessageHashes = [];
+        const marketIds = this.marketIds(symbols);
+        const topics = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < marketIds.length; i++) {
+            const marketId = marketIds[i];
+            const symbol = symbols[i];
+            topics.push(topic + '.' + marketId);
+            subMessageHashes.push('ticker:' + symbol);
+            messageHashes.push('unsubscribe:ticker:' + symbol);
+        }
+        const url = await this.getUrlByMarketType(symbols[0], false, 'watchTickers', params);
+        return await this.unWatchTopics(url, 'ticker', symbols, messageHashes, subMessageHashes, topics, params);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name bybit#unWatchTicker
+     * @description unWatches a price ticker
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/public/ticker
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/public/etp-ticker
+     * @param {string[]} symbols unified symbol of the market to fetch the ticker for
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object} a [ticker structure]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=ticker-structure}
+     */
+    async unWatchTicker(symbols, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        return await this.unWatchTickers([symbols], params);
+    }
+    handleTicker(client, message) {
+        //
+        // linear
+        //     {
+        //         "topic": "tickers.BTCUSDT",
+        //         "type": "snapshot",
+        //         "data": {
+        //             "symbol": "BTCUSDT",
+        //             "tickDirection": "PlusTick",
+        //             "price24hPcnt": "0.017103",
+        //             "lastPrice": "17216.00",
+        //             "prevPrice24h": "16926.50",
+        //             "highPrice24h": "17281.50",
+        //             "lowPrice24h": "16915.00",
+        //             "prevPrice1h": "17238.00",
+        //             "markPrice": "17217.33",
+        //             "indexPrice": "17227.36",
+        //             "openInterest": "68744.761",
+        //             "openInterestValue": "1183601235.91",
+        //             "turnover24h": "1570383121.943499",
+        //             "volume24h": "91705.276",
+        //             "nextFundingTime": "1673280000000",
+        //             "fundingRate": "-0.000212",
+        //             "bid1Price": "17215.50",
+        //             "bid1Size": "84.489",
+        //             "ask1Price": "17216.00",
+        //             "ask1Size": "83.020"
+        //         },
+        //         "cs": 24987956059,
+        //         "ts": 1673272861686
+        //     }
+        //
+        // option
+        //     {
+        //         "id": "tickers.BTC-6JAN23-17500-C-2480334983-1672917511074",
+        //         "topic": "tickers.BTC-6JAN23-17500-C",
+        //         "ts": 1672917511074,
+        //         "data": {
+        //             "symbol": "BTC-6JAN23-17500-C",
+        //             "bidPrice": "0",
+        //             "bidSize": "0",
+        //             "bidIv": "0",
+        //             "askPrice": "10",
+        //             "askSize": "5.1",
+        //             "askIv": "0.514",
+        //             "lastPrice": "10",
+        //             "highPrice24h": "25",
+        //             "lowPrice24h": "5",
+        //             "markPrice": "7.86976724",
+        //             "indexPrice": "16823.73",
+        //             "markPriceIv": "0.4896",
+        //             "underlyingPrice": "16815.1",
+        //             "openInterest": "49.85",
+        //             "turnover24h": "446802.8473",
+        //             "volume24h": "26.55",
+        //             "totalVolume": "86",
+        //             "totalTurnover": "1437431",
+        //             "delta": "0.047831",
+        //             "gamma": "0.00021453",
+        //             "vega": "0.81351067",
+        //             "theta": "-19.9115368",
+        //             "predictedDeliveryPrice": "0",
+        //             "change24h": "-0.33333334"
+        //         },
+        //         "type": "snapshot"
+        //     }
+        //
+        // spot
+        //     {
+        //         "topic": "tickers.BTCUSDT",
+        //         "ts": 1673853746003,
+        //         "type": "snapshot",
+        //         "cs": 2588407389,
+        //         "data": {
+        //             "symbol": "BTCUSDT",
+        //             "lastPrice": "21109.77",
+        //             "highPrice24h": "21426.99",
+        //             "lowPrice24h": "20575",
+        //             "prevPrice24h": "20704.93",
+        //             "volume24h": "6780.866843",
+        //             "turnover24h": "141946527.22907118",
+        //             "price24hPcnt": "0.0196",
+        //             "usdIndexPrice": "21120.2400136"
+        //         }
+        //     }
+        //
+        // lt ticker
+        //     {
+        //         "topic": "tickers_lt.EOS3LUSDT",
+        //         "ts": 1672325446847,
+        //         "type": "snapshot",
+        //         "data": {
+        //             "symbol": "EOS3LUSDT",
+        //             "lastPrice": "0.41477848043290448",
+        //             "highPrice24h": "0.435285472510871305",
+        //             "lowPrice24h": "0.394601507960931382",
+        //             "prevPrice24h": "0.431502290172376349",
+        //             "price24hPcnt": "-0.0388"
+        //         }
+        //     }
+        // swap delta
+        //     {
+        //         "topic":"tickers.AAVEUSDT",
+        //         "type":"delta",
+        //         "data":{
+        //            "symbol":"AAVEUSDT",
+        //            "bid1Price":"112.89",
+        //            "bid1Size":"2.12",
+        //            "ask1Price":"112.90",
+        //            "ask1Size":"5.02"
+        //         },
+        //         "cs":78039939929,
+        //         "ts":1709210212704
+        //     }
+        //
+        const topic = this.safeString(message, 'topic', '');
+        const updateType = this.safeString(message, 'type', '');
+        const data = this.safeDict(message, 'data', {});
+        const isSpot = this.safeString(data, 'usdIndexPrice') !== undefined;
+        const type = isSpot ? 'spot' : 'contract';
+        let symbol = undefined;
+        let parsed = undefined;
+        if ((updateType === 'snapshot')) {
+            parsed = this.parseTicker(data);
+            symbol = parsed['symbol'];
+        }
+        else if (updateType === 'delta') {
+            const topicParts = topic.split('.');
+            const topicLength = topicParts.length;
+            const marketId = this.safeString(topicParts, topicLength - 1);
+            const market = this.safeMarket(marketId, undefined, undefined, type);
+            symbol = market['symbol'];
+            // update the info in place
+            const ticker = this.safeDict(this.tickers, symbol, {});
+            const rawTicker = this.safeDict(ticker, 'info', {});
+            const merged = this.extend(rawTicker, data);
+            parsed = this.parseTicker(merged);
+        }
+        const timestamp = this.safeInteger(message, 'ts');
+        parsed['timestamp'] = timestamp;
+        parsed['datetime'] = this.iso8601(timestamp);
+        this.tickers[symbol] = parsed;
+        const messageHash = 'ticker:' + symbol;
+        client.resolve(this.tickers[symbol], messageHash);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name bybit#watchBidsAsks
+     * @description watches best bid & ask for symbols
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/public/orderbook
+     * @param {string[]} symbols unified symbol of the market to fetch the ticker for
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object} a [ticker structure]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=ticker-structure}
+     */
+    async watchBidsAsks(symbols = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        symbols = this.marketSymbols(symbols, undefined, false);
+        const messageHashes = [];
+        const url = await this.getUrlByMarketType(symbols[0], false, 'watchBidsAsks', params);
+        params = this.cleanParams(params);
+        const marketIds = this.marketIds(symbols);
+        const topics = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < marketIds.length; i++) {
+            const marketId = marketIds[i];
+            const topic = 'orderbook.1.' + marketId;
+            topics.push(topic);
+            messageHashes.push('bidask:' + symbols[i]);
+        }
+        const ticker = await this.watchTopics(url, messageHashes, topics, params);
+        if (this.newUpdates) {
+            return ticker;
+        }
+        return this.filterByArray(this.bidsasks, 'symbol', symbols);
+    }
+    parseWsBidAsk(orderbook, market = undefined) {
+        const timestamp = this.safeInteger(orderbook, 'timestamp');
+        const bids = this.sortBy(this.aggregate(orderbook['bids']), 0);
+        const asks = this.sortBy(this.aggregate(orderbook['asks']), 0);
+        const bestBid = this.safeList(bids, 0, []);
+        const bestAsk = this.safeList(asks, 0, []);
+        return this.safeTicker({
+            'symbol': market['symbol'],
+            'timestamp': timestamp,
+            'datetime': this.iso8601(timestamp),
+            'ask': this.safeNumber(bestAsk, 0),
+            'askVolume': this.safeNumber(bestAsk, 1),
+            'bid': this.safeNumber(bestBid, 0),
+            'bidVolume': this.safeNumber(bestBid, 1),
+            'info': orderbook,
+        }, market);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name bybit#watchOHLCV
+     * @description watches historical candlestick data containing the open, high, low, and close price, and the volume of a market
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/public/kline
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/public/etp-kline
+     * @param {string} symbol unified symbol of the market to fetch OHLCV data for
+     * @param {string} timeframe the length of time each candle represents
+     * @param {int} [since] timestamp in ms of the earliest candle to fetch
+     * @param {int} [limit] the maximum amount of candles to fetch
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {int[][]} A list of candles ordered as timestamp, open, high, low, close, volume
+     */
+    async watchOHLCV(symbol, timeframe = '1m', since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        params['callerMethodName'] = 'watchOHLCV';
+        const result = await this.watchOHLCVForSymbols([[symbol, timeframe]], since, limit, params);
+        return result[symbol][timeframe];
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name bybit#watchOHLCVForSymbols
+     * @description watches historical candlestick data containing the open, high, low, and close price, and the volume of a market
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/public/kline
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/public/etp-kline
+     * @param {string[][]} symbolsAndTimeframes array of arrays containing unified symbols and timeframes to fetch OHLCV data for, example [['BTC/USDT', '1m'], ['LTC/USDT', '5m']]
+     * @param {int} [since] timestamp in ms of the earliest candle to fetch
+     * @param {int} [limit] the maximum amount of candles to fetch
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object} A list of candles ordered as timestamp, open, high, low, close, volume
+     */
+    async watchOHLCVForSymbols(symbolsAndTimeframes, since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        const symbols = this.getListFromObjectValues(symbolsAndTimeframes, 0);
+        const marketSymbols = this.marketSymbols(symbols, undefined, false, true, true);
+        const firstSymbol = marketSymbols[0];
+        const url = await this.getUrlByMarketType(firstSymbol, false, 'watchOHLCVForSymbols', params);
+        const rawHashes = [];
+        const messageHashes = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < symbolsAndTimeframes.length; i++) {
+            const data = symbolsAndTimeframes[i];
+            let symbolString = this.safeString(data, 0);
+            const market = this.market(symbolString);
+            symbolString = market['symbol'];
+            const unfiedTimeframe = this.safeString(data, 1);
+            const timeframeId = this.safeString(this.timeframes, unfiedTimeframe, unfiedTimeframe);
+            rawHashes.push('kline.' + timeframeId + '.' + market['id']);
+            messageHashes.push('ohlcv::' + symbolString + '::' + unfiedTimeframe);
+        }
+        const [symbol, timeframe, stored] = await this.watchTopics(url, messageHashes, rawHashes, params);
+        if (this.newUpdates) {
+            limit = stored.getLimit(symbol, limit);
+        }
+        const filtered = this.filterBySinceLimit(stored, since, limit, 0, true);
+        return this.createOHLCVObject(symbol, timeframe, filtered);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name bybit#unWatchOHLCVForSymbols
+     * @description unWatches historical candlestick data containing the open, high, low, and close price, and the volume of a market
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/public/kline
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/public/etp-kline
+     * @param {string[][]} symbolsAndTimeframes array of arrays containing unified symbols and timeframes to fetch OHLCV data for, example [['BTC/USDT', '1m'], ['LTC/USDT', '5m']]
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object} A list of candles ordered as timestamp, open, high, low, close, volume
+     */
+    async unWatchOHLCVForSymbols(symbolsAndTimeframes, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        const symbols = this.getListFromObjectValues(symbolsAndTimeframes, 0);
+        const marketSymbols = this.marketSymbols(symbols, undefined, false, true, true);
+        const firstSymbol = marketSymbols[0];
+        const url = await this.getUrlByMarketType(firstSymbol, false, 'watchOHLCVForSymbols', params);
+        const rawHashes = [];
+        const subMessageHashes = [];
+        const messageHashes = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < symbolsAndTimeframes.length; i++) {
+            const data = symbolsAndTimeframes[i];
+            let symbolString = this.safeString(data, 0);
+            const market = this.market(symbolString);
+            symbolString = market['symbol'];
+            const unfiedTimeframe = this.safeString(data, 1);
+            const timeframeId = this.safeString(this.timeframes, unfiedTimeframe, unfiedTimeframe);
+            rawHashes.push('kline.' + timeframeId + '.' + market['id']);
+            subMessageHashes.push('ohlcv::' + symbolString + '::' + unfiedTimeframe);
+            messageHashes.push('unsubscribe::ohlcv::' + symbolString + '::' + unfiedTimeframe);
+        }
+        const subExtension = {
+            'symbolsAndTimeframes': symbolsAndTimeframes,
+        };
+        return await this.unWatchTopics(url, 'ohlcv', symbols, messageHashes, subMessageHashes, rawHashes, params, subExtension);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name bybit#unWatchOHLCV
+     * @description unWatches historical candlestick data containing the open, high, low, and close price, and the volume of a market
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/public/kline
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/public/etp-kline
+     * @param {string} symbol unified symbol of the market to fetch OHLCV data for
+     * @param {string} timeframe the length of time each candle represents
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {int[][]} A list of candles ordered as timestamp, open, high, low, close, volume
+     */
+    async unWatchOHLCV(symbol, timeframe = '1m', params = {}) {
+        params['callerMethodName'] = 'watchOHLCV';
+        return await this.unWatchOHLCVForSymbols([[symbol, timeframe]], params);
+    }
+    handleOHLCV(client, message) {
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "topic": "kline.5.BTCUSDT",
+        //         "data": [
+        //             {
+        //                 "start": 1672324800000,
+        //                 "end": 1672325099999,
+        //                 "interval": "5",
+        //                 "open": "16649.5",
+        //                 "close": "16677",
+        //                 "high": "16677",
+        //                 "low": "16608",
+        //                 "volume": "2.081",
+        //                 "turnover": "34666.4005",
+        //                 "confirm": false,
+        //                 "timestamp": 1672324988882
+        //             }
+        //         ],
+        //         "ts": 1672324988882,
+        //         "type": "snapshot"
+        //     }
+        //
+        const data = this.safeValue(message, 'data', {});
+        const topic = this.safeString(message, 'topic');
+        const topicParts = topic.split('.');
+        const topicLength = topicParts.length;
+        const timeframeId = this.safeString(topicParts, 1);
+        const timeframe = this.findTimeframe(timeframeId);
+        const marketId = this.safeString(topicParts, topicLength - 1);
+        const isSpot = client.url.indexOf('spot') > -1;
+        const marketType = isSpot ? 'spot' : 'contract';
+        const market = this.safeMarket(marketId, undefined, undefined, marketType);
+        const symbol = market['symbol'];
+        const ohlcvsByTimeframe = this.safeValue(this.ohlcvs, symbol);
+        if (ohlcvsByTimeframe === undefined) {
+            this.ohlcvs[symbol] = {};
+        }
+        if (this.safeValue(ohlcvsByTimeframe, timeframe) === undefined) {
+            const limit = this.safeInteger(this.options, 'OHLCVLimit', 1000);
+            this.ohlcvs[symbol][timeframe] = new ArrayCacheByTimestamp(limit);
+        }
+        const stored = this.ohlcvs[symbol][timeframe];
+        for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
+            const parsed = this.parseWsOHLCV(data[i], market);
+            stored.append(parsed);
+        }
+        const messageHash = 'ohlcv::' + symbol + '::' + timeframe;
+        const resolveData = [symbol, timeframe, stored];
+        client.resolve(resolveData, messageHash);
+    }
+    parseWsOHLCV(ohlcv, market = undefined) {
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "start": 1670363160000,
+        //         "end": 1670363219999,
+        //         "interval": "1",
+        //         "open": "16987.5",
+        //         "close": "16987.5",
+        //         "high": "16988",
+        //         "low": "16987.5",
+        //         "volume": "23.511",
+        //         "turnover": "399396.344",
+        //         "confirm": false,
+        //         "timestamp": 1670363219614
+        //     }
+        //
+        const volumeIndex = (market['inverse']) ? 'turnover' : 'volume';
+        return [
+            this.safeInteger(ohlcv, 'start'),
+            this.safeNumber(ohlcv, 'open'),
+            this.safeNumber(ohlcv, 'high'),
+            this.safeNumber(ohlcv, 'low'),
+            this.safeNumber(ohlcv, 'close'),
+            this.safeNumber(ohlcv, volumeIndex),
+        ];
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name bybit#watchOrderBook
+     * @description watches information on open orders with bid (buy) and ask (sell) prices, volumes and other data
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/public/orderbook
+     * @param {string} symbol unified symbol of the market to fetch the order book for
+     * @param {int} [limit] the maximum amount of order book entries to return.
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object} A dictionary of [order book structures]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-book-structure} indexed by market symbols
+     */
+    async watchOrderBook(symbol, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        return await this.watchOrderBookForSymbols([symbol], limit, params);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name bybit#watchOrderBookForSymbols
+     * @description watches information on open orders with bid (buy) and ask (sell) prices, volumes and other data
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/public/orderbook
+     * @param {string[]} symbols unified array of symbols
+     * @param {int} [limit] the maximum amount of order book entries to return.
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object} A dictionary of [order book structures]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-book-structure} indexed by market symbols
+     */
+    async watchOrderBookForSymbols(symbols, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        const symbolsLength = symbols.length;
+        if (symbolsLength === 0) {
+            throw new ArgumentsRequired(this.id + ' watchOrderBookForSymbols() requires a non-empty array of symbols');
+        }
+        symbols = this.marketSymbols(symbols);
+        const url = await this.getUrlByMarketType(symbols[0], false, 'watchOrderBook', params);
+        params = this.cleanParams(params);
+        const market = this.market(symbols[0]);
+        if (limit === undefined) {
+            limit = (market['spot']) ? 50 : 500;
+            if (market['option']) {
+                limit = 100;
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            const limits = {
+                'spot': [1, 50, 200, 1000],
+                'option': [25, 100],
+                'default': [1, 50, 200, 500, 1000],
+            };
+            const selectedLimits = this.safeList2(limits, market['type'], 'default');
+            if (!this.inArray(limit, selectedLimits)) {
+                throw new BadRequest(this.id + ' watchOrderBookForSymbols(): for ' + market['type'] + ' markets limit can be one of: ' + this.json(selectedLimits));
+            }
+        }
+        const topics = [];
+        const messageHashes = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < symbols.length; i++) {
+            const symbol = symbols[i];
+            const marketId = this.marketId(symbol);
+            const topic = 'orderbook.' + limit.toString() + '.' + marketId;
+            topics.push(topic);
+            const messageHash = 'orderbook:' + symbol;
+            messageHashes.push(messageHash);
+        }
+        const orderbook = await this.watchTopics(url, messageHashes, topics, params);
+        return orderbook.limit();
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name bybit#unWatchOrderBookForSymbols
+     * @description unsubscribe from the orderbook channel
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/public/orderbook
+     * @param {string[]} symbols unified symbol of the market to unwatch the trades for
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @param {int} [params.limit] orderbook limit, default is undefined
+     * @returns {object} A dictionary of [order book structures]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-book-structure} indexed by market symbols
+     */
+    async unWatchOrderBookForSymbols(symbols, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        symbols = this.marketSymbols(symbols, undefined, false);
+        let channel = 'orderbook.';
+        let limit = this.safeInteger(params, 'limit');
+        if (limit !== undefined) {
+            params = this.omit(params, 'limit');
+        }
+        else {
+            const firstMarket = this.market(symbols[0]);
+            limit = firstMarket['spot'] ? 50 : 500;
+        }
+        channel += limit.toString();
+        const subMessageHashes = [];
+        const messageHashes = [];
+        const topics = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < symbols.length; i++) {
+            const symbol = symbols[i];
+            const market = this.market(symbol);
+            const marketId = market['id'];
+            const topic = channel + '.' + marketId;
+            messageHashes.push('unsubscribe:orderbook:' + symbol);
+            subMessageHashes.push('orderbook:' + symbol);
+            topics.push(topic);
+        }
+        const url = await this.getUrlByMarketType(symbols[0], false, 'watchOrderBook', params);
+        return await this.unWatchTopics(url, 'orderbook', symbols, messageHashes, subMessageHashes, topics, params);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name bybit#unWatchOrderBook
+     * @description unsubscribe from the orderbook channel
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/public/orderbook
+     * @param {string} symbol symbol of the market to unwatch the trades for
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @param {int} [params.limit] orderbook limit, default is undefined
+     * @returns {object} A dictionary of [order book structures]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-book-structure} indexed by market symbols
+     */
+    async unWatchOrderBook(symbol, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        return await this.unWatchOrderBookForSymbols([symbol], params);
+    }
+    handleOrderBook(client, message) {
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "topic": "orderbook.50.BTCUSDT",
+        //         "type": "snapshot",
+        //         "ts": 1672304484978,
+        //         "data": {
+        //             "s": "BTCUSDT",
+        //             "b": [
+        //                 ...,
+        //                 [
+        //                     "16493.50",
+        //                     "0.006"
+        //                 ],
+        //                 [
+        //                     "16493.00",
+        //                     "0.100"
+        //                 ]
+        //             ],
+        //             "a": [
+        //                 [
+        //                     "16611.00",
+        //                     "0.029"
+        //                 ],
+        //                 [
+        //                     "16612.00",
+        //                     "0.213"
+        //                 ],
+        //             ],
+        //             "u": 18521288,
+        //             "seq": 7961638724
+        //         }
+        //     }
+        //
+        const topic = this.safeString(message, 'topic');
+        const limit = topic.split('.')[1];
+        const isSpot = client.url.indexOf('spot') >= 0;
+        const type = this.safeString(message, 'type');
+        const isSnapshot = (type === 'snapshot');
+        const data = this.safeDict(message, 'data', {});
+        const marketId = this.safeString(data, 's');
+        const marketType = isSpot ? 'spot' : 'contract';
+        const market = this.safeMarket(marketId, undefined, undefined, marketType);
+        const symbol = market['symbol'];
+        const timestamp = this.safeInteger(message, 'ts');
+        if (!(symbol in this.orderbooks)) {
+            this.orderbooks[symbol] = this.orderBook();
+        }
+        const orderbook = this.orderbooks[symbol];
+        if (isSnapshot) {
+            const snapshot = this.parseOrderBook(data, symbol, timestamp, 'b', 'a');
+            orderbook.reset(snapshot);
+        }
+        else {
+            const asks = this.safeList(data, 'a', []);
+            const bids = this.safeList(data, 'b', []);
+            this.handleDeltas(orderbook['asks'], asks);
+            this.handleDeltas(orderbook['bids'], bids);
+            orderbook['timestamp'] = timestamp;
+            orderbook['datetime'] = this.iso8601(timestamp);
+        }
+        const messageHash = 'orderbook' + ':' + symbol;
+        this.orderbooks[symbol] = orderbook;
+        client.resolve(orderbook, messageHash);
+        if (limit === '1') {
+            const bidask = this.parseWsBidAsk(this.orderbooks[symbol], market);
+            const newBidsAsks = {};
+            newBidsAsks[symbol] = bidask;
+            this.bidsasks[symbol] = bidask;
+            client.resolve(newBidsAsks, 'bidask:' + symbol);
+        }
+    }
+    handleDelta(bookside, delta) {
+        const bidAsk = this.parseBidAsk(delta, 0, 1);
+        bookside.storeArray(bidAsk);
+    }
+    handleDeltas(bookside, deltas) {
+        for (let i = 0; i < deltas.length; i++) {
+            this.handleDelta(bookside, deltas[i]);
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name bybit#watchTrades
+     * @description watches information on multiple trades made in a market
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/public/trade
+     * @param {string} symbol unified market symbol of the market trades were made in
+     * @param {int} [since] the earliest time in ms to fetch trades for
+     * @param {int} [limit] the maximum number of trade structures to retrieve
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object[]} a list of [trade structures]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=trade-structure}
+     */
+    async watchTrades(symbol, since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        return await this.watchTradesForSymbols([symbol], since, limit, params);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name bybit#watchTradesForSymbols
+     * @description get the list of most recent trades for a list of symbols
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/public/trade
+     * @param {string[]} symbols unified symbol of the market to fetch trades for
+     * @param {int} [since] timestamp in ms of the earliest trade to fetch
+     * @param {int} [limit] the maximum amount of trades to fetch
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object[]} a list of [trade structures]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=public-trades}
+     */
+    async watchTradesForSymbols(symbols, since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        symbols = this.marketSymbols(symbols);
+        const symbolsLength = symbols.length;
+        if (symbolsLength === 0) {
+            throw new ArgumentsRequired(this.id + ' watchTradesForSymbols() requires a non-empty array of symbols');
+        }
+        params = this.cleanParams(params);
+        const url = await this.getUrlByMarketType(symbols[0], false, 'watchTrades', params);
+        const topics = [];
+        const messageHashes = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < symbols.length; i++) {
+            const symbol = symbols[i];
+            const market = this.market(symbol);
+            const topic = 'publicTrade.' + market['id'];
+            topics.push(topic);
+            const messageHash = 'trade:' + symbol;
+            messageHashes.push(messageHash);
+        }
+        const trades = await this.watchTopics(url, messageHashes, topics, params);
+        if (this.newUpdates) {
+            const first = this.safeValue(trades, 0);
+            const tradeSymbol = this.safeString(first, 'symbol');
+            limit = trades.getLimit(tradeSymbol, limit);
+        }
+        return this.filterBySinceLimit(trades, since, limit, 'timestamp', true);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name bybit#unWatchTradesForSymbols
+     * @description unsubscribe from the trades channel
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/public/trade
+     * @param {string[]} symbols unified symbol of the market to unwatch the trades for
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {any} status of the unwatch request
+     */
+    async unWatchTradesForSymbols(symbols, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        symbols = this.marketSymbols(symbols, undefined, false, true);
+        const url = await this.getUrlByMarketType(symbols[0], false, 'unWatchTradesForSymbols', params);
+        const messageHashes = [];
+        const topics = [];
+        const subMessageHashes = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < symbols.length; i++) {
+            const symbol = symbols[i];
+            const market = this.market(symbol);
+            const topic = 'publicTrade.' + market['id'];
+            topics.push(topic);
+            const messageHash = 'unsubscribe:trade:' + symbol;
+            messageHashes.push(messageHash);
+            subMessageHashes.push('trade:' + symbol);
+        }
+        return await this.unWatchTopics(url, 'trades', symbols, messageHashes, subMessageHashes, topics, params);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name bybit#unWatchTrades
+     * @description unsubscribe from the trades channel
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/public/trade
+     * @param {string} symbol unified symbol of the market to unwatch the trades for
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {any} status of the unwatch request
+     */
+    async unWatchTrades(symbol, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        return await this.unWatchTradesForSymbols([symbol], params);
+    }
+    handleTrades(client, message) {
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "topic": "publicTrade.BTCUSDT",
+        //         "type": "snapshot",
+        //         "ts": 1672304486868,
+        //         "data": [
+        //             {
+        //                 "T": 1672304486865,
+        //                 "s": "BTCUSDT",
+        //                 "S": "Buy",
+        //                 "v": "0.001",
+        //                 "p": "16578.50",
+        //                 "L": "PlusTick",
+        //                 "i": "20f43950-d8dd-5b31-9112-a178eb6023af",
+        //                 "BT": false
+        //             }
+        //         ]
+        //     }
+        //
+        const data = this.safeValue(message, 'data', {});
+        const topic = this.safeString(message, 'topic');
+        const trades = data;
+        const parts = topic.split('.');
+        const isSpot = client.url.indexOf('spot') >= 0;
+        const marketType = (isSpot) ? 'spot' : 'contract';
+        const marketId = this.safeString(parts, 1);
+        const market = this.safeMarket(marketId, undefined, undefined, marketType);
+        const symbol = market['symbol'];
+        let stored = this.safeValue(this.trades, symbol);
+        if (stored === undefined) {
+            const limit = this.safeInteger(this.options, 'tradesLimit', 1000);
+            stored = new ArrayCache(limit);
+            this.trades[symbol] = stored;
+        }
+        for (let j = 0; j < trades.length; j++) {
+            const parsed = this.parseWsTrade(trades[j], market);
+            stored.append(parsed);
+        }
+        const messageHash = 'trade' + ':' + symbol;
+        client.resolve(stored, messageHash);
+    }
+    parseWsTrade(trade, market = undefined) {
+        //
+        // public
+        //    {
+        //         "T": 1672304486865,
+        //         "s": "BTCUSDT",
+        //         "S": "Buy",
+        //         "v": "0.001",
+        //         "p": "16578.50",
+        //         "L": "PlusTick",
+        //         "i": "20f43950-d8dd-5b31-9112-a178eb6023af",
+        //         "BT": false
+        //     }
+        //
+        // spot private
+        //     {
+        //         "e": "ticketInfo",
+        //         "E": "1662348310386",
+        //         "s": "BTCUSDT",
+        //         "q": "0.001007",
+        //         "t": "1662348310373",
+        //         "p": "19842.02",
+        //         "T": "2100000000002220938",
+        //         "o": "1238261807653647872",
+        //         "c": "spotx008",
+        //         "O": "1238225004531834368",
+        //         "a": "533287",
+        //         "A": "642908",
+        //         "m": false,
+        //         "S": "BUY"
+        //     }
+        //
+        const id = this.safeStringN(trade, ['i', 'T', 'v']);
+        const isContract = ('BT' in trade);
+        let marketType = isContract ? 'contract' : 'spot';
+        if (market !== undefined) {
+            marketType = market['type'];
+        }
+        const marketId = this.safeString(trade, 's');
+        market = this.safeMarket(marketId, market, undefined, marketType);
+        const symbol = market['symbol'];
+        const timestamp = this.safeInteger2(trade, 't', 'T');
+        let side = this.safeStringLower(trade, 'S');
+        let takerOrMaker = undefined;
+        const m = this.safeValue(trade, 'm');
+        if (side === undefined) {
+            side = m ? 'buy' : 'sell';
+        }
+        else {
+            // spot private
+            takerOrMaker = m;
+        }
+        const price = this.safeString(trade, 'p');
+        const amount = this.safeString2(trade, 'q', 'v');
+        const orderId = this.safeString(trade, 'o');
+        return this.safeTrade({
+            'id': id,
+            'info': trade,
+            'timestamp': timestamp,
+            'datetime': this.iso8601(timestamp),
+            'symbol': symbol,
+            'order': orderId,
+            'type': undefined,
+            'side': side,
+            'takerOrMaker': takerOrMaker,
+            'price': price,
+            'amount': amount,
+            'cost': undefined,
+            'fee': undefined,
+        }, market);
+    }
+    getPrivateType(url) {
+        if (url.indexOf('spot') >= 0) {
+            return 'spot';
+        }
+        else if (url.indexOf('v5/private') >= 0) {
+            return 'unified';
+        }
+        else {
+            return 'usdc';
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name bybit#watchMyTrades
+     * @description watches information on multiple trades made by the user
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/private/execution
+     * @param {string} symbol unified market symbol of the market orders were made in
+     * @param {int} [since] the earliest time in ms to fetch orders for
+     * @param {int} [limit] the maximum number of order structures to retrieve
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @param {boolean} [params.unifiedMargin] use unified margin account
+     * @returns {object[]} a list of [order structures]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure}
+     */
+    async watchMyTrades(symbol = undefined, since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        const method = 'watchMyTrades';
+        let messageHash = 'myTrades';
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        if (symbol !== undefined) {
+            symbol = this.symbol(symbol);
+            messageHash += ':' + symbol;
+        }
+        const url = await this.getUrlByMarketType(symbol, true, method, params);
+        await this.authenticate(url);
+        const topicByMarket = {
+            'spot': 'ticketInfo',
+            'unified': 'execution',
+            'usdc': 'user.openapi.perp.trade',
+        };
+        const topic = this.safeValue(topicByMarket, this.getPrivateType(url));
+        const trades = await this.watchTopics(url, [messageHash], [topic], params);
+        if (this.newUpdates) {
+            limit = trades.getLimit(symbol, limit);
+        }
+        return this.filterBySymbolSinceLimit(trades, symbol, since, limit, true);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name bybit#unWatchMyTrades
+     * @description unWatches information on multiple trades made by the user
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/private/execution
+     * @param {string} symbol unified market symbol of the market orders were made in
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @param {boolean} [params.unifiedMargin] use unified margin account
+     * @returns {object[]} a list of [order structures]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure}
+     */
+    async unWatchMyTrades(symbol = undefined, params = {}) {
+        const method = 'watchMyTrades';
+        const messageHash = 'unsubscribe:myTrades';
+        const subHash = 'myTrades';
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        if (symbol !== undefined) {
+            throw new NotSupported(this.id + ' unWatchMyTrades() does not support a symbol parameter, you must unwatch all my trades');
+        }
+        const url = await this.getUrlByMarketType(symbol, true, method, params);
+        await this.authenticate(url);
+        const topicByMarket = {
+            'spot': 'ticketInfo',
+            'unified': 'execution',
+            'usdc': 'user.openapi.perp.trade',
+        };
+        const topic = this.safeValue(topicByMarket, this.getPrivateType(url));
+        return await this.unWatchTopics(url, 'myTrades', [], [messageHash], [subHash], [topic], params);
+    }
+    handleMyTrades(client, message) {
+        //
+        // spot
+        //    {
+        //        "type": "snapshot",
+        //        "topic": "ticketInfo",
+        //        "ts": "1662348310388",
+        //        "data": [
+        //            {
+        //                "e": "ticketInfo",
+        //                "E": "1662348310386",
+        //                "s": "BTCUSDT",
+        //                "q": "0.001007",
+        //                "t": "1662348310373",
+        //                "p": "19842.02",
+        //                "T": "2100000000002220938",
+        //                "o": "1238261807653647872",
+        //                "c": "spotx008",
+        //                "O": "1238225004531834368",
+        //                "a": "533287",
+        //                "A": "642908",
+        //                "m": false,
+        //                "S": "BUY"
+        //            }
+        //        ]
+        //    }
+        // unified
+        //     {
+        //         "id": "592324803b2785-26fa-4214-9963-bdd4727f07be",
+        //         "topic": "execution",
+        //         "creationTime": 1672364174455,
+        //         "data": [
+        //             {
+        //                 "category": "linear",
+        //                 "symbol": "XRPUSDT",
+        //                 "execFee": "0.005061",
+        //                 "execId": "7e2ae69c-4edf-5800-a352-893d52b446aa",
+        //                 "execPrice": "0.3374",
+        //                 "execQty": "25",
+        //                 "execType": "Trade",
+        //                 "execValue": "8.435",
+        //                 "isMaker": false,
+        //                 "feeRate": "0.0006",
+        //                 "tradeIv": "",
+        //                 "markIv": "",
+        //                 "blockTradeId": "",
+        //                 "markPrice": "0.3391",
+        //                 "indexPrice": "",
+        //                 "underlyingPrice": "",
+        //                 "leavesQty": "0",
+        //                 "orderId": "f6e324ff-99c2-4e89-9739-3086e47f9381",
+        //                 "orderLinkId": "",
+        //                 "orderPrice": "0.3207",
+        //                 "orderQty": "25",
+        //                 "orderType": "Market",
+        //                 "stopOrderType": "UNKNOWN",
+        //                 "side": "Sell",
+        //                 "execTime": "1672364174443",
+        //                 "isLeverage": "0"
+        //             }
+        //         ]
+        //     }
+        //
+        const topic = this.safeString(message, 'topic');
+        const spot = topic === 'ticketInfo';
+        let data = this.safeValue(message, 'data', []);
+        if (!Array.isArray(data)) {
+            data = this.safeValue(data, 'result', []);
+        }
+        if (this.myTrades === undefined) {
+            const limit = this.safeInteger(this.options, 'tradesLimit', 1000);
+            this.myTrades = new ArrayCacheBySymbolById(limit);
+        }
+        const trades = this.myTrades;
+        const symbols = {};
+        const filterExecTypes = this.handleOption('watchMyTrades', 'filterExecTypes', []);
+        for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
+            const rawTrade = data[i];
+            let parsed = undefined;
+            if (spot) {
+                parsed = this.parseWsTrade(rawTrade);
+            }
+            else {
+                // filter unified trades
+                const execType = this.safeString(rawTrade, 'execType', '');
+                if (!this.inArray(execType, filterExecTypes)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                parsed = this.parseTrade(rawTrade);
+            }
+            const symbol = parsed['symbol'];
+            symbols[symbol] = true;
+            trades.append(parsed);
+        }
+        const keys = Object.keys(symbols);
+        for (let i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+            const currentMessageHash = 'myTrades:' + keys[i];
+            client.resolve(trades, currentMessageHash);
+        }
+        // non-symbol specific
+        const messageHash = 'myTrades';
+        client.resolve(trades, messageHash);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name bybit#watchPositions
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/private/position
+     * @description watch all open positions
+     * @param {string[]} [symbols] list of unified market symbols
+     * @param {int} [since] the earliest time in ms to fetch positions for
+     * @param {int} [limit] the maximum number of positions to retrieve
+     * @param {object} params extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object[]} a list of [position structure]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/en/latest/manual.html#position-structure}
+     */
+    async watchPositions(symbols = undefined, since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        const method = 'watchPositions';
+        let messageHash = '';
+        if (!this.isEmpty(symbols)) {
+            symbols = this.marketSymbols(symbols);
+            messageHash = '::' + symbols.join(',');
+        }
+        const firstSymbol = this.safeString(symbols, 0);
+        const url = await this.getUrlByMarketType(firstSymbol, true, method, params);
+        messageHash = 'positions' + messageHash;
+        const client = this.client(url);
+        await this.authenticate(url);
+        this.setPositionsCache(client, symbols);
+        const cache = this.positions;
+        const fetchPositionsSnapshot = this.handleOption('watchPositions', 'fetchPositionsSnapshot', true);
+        const awaitPositionsSnapshot = this.handleOption('watchPositions', 'awaitPositionsSnapshot', true);
+        if (fetchPositionsSnapshot && awaitPositionsSnapshot && cache === undefined) {
+            const snapshot = await client.future('fetchPositionsSnapshot');
+            return this.filterBySymbolsSinceLimit(snapshot, symbols, since, limit, true);
+        }
+        const topics = ['position'];
+        const newPositions = await this.watchTopics(url, [messageHash], topics, params);
+        if (this.newUpdates) {
+            return newPositions;
+        }
+        return this.filterBySymbolsSinceLimit(cache, symbols, since, limit, true);
+    }
+    setPositionsCache(client, symbols = undefined) {
+        if (this.positions !== undefined) {
+            return;
+        }
+        const fetchPositionsSnapshot = this.handleOption('watchPositions', 'fetchPositionsSnapshot', true);
+        if (fetchPositionsSnapshot) {
+            const messageHash = 'fetchPositionsSnapshot';
+            if (!(messageHash in client.futures)) {
+                client.future(messageHash);
+                this.spawn(this.loadPositionsSnapshot, client, messageHash);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            this.positions = new ArrayCacheBySymbolBySide();
+        }
+    }
+    async loadPositionsSnapshot(client, messageHash) {
+        // as only one ws channel gives positions for all types, for snapshot must load all positions
+        const fetchFunctions = [
+            this.fetchPositions(undefined, { 'type': 'swap', 'subType': 'linear' }),
+            this.fetchPositions(undefined, { 'type': 'swap', 'subType': 'inverse' }),
+        ];
+        const promises = await Promise.all(fetchFunctions);
+        this.positions = new ArrayCacheBySymbolBySide();
+        const cache = this.positions;
+        for (let i = 0; i < promises.length; i++) {
+            const positions = promises[i];
+            for (let ii = 0; ii < positions.length; ii++) {
+                const position = positions[ii];
+                cache.append(position);
+            }
+        }
+        // don't remove the future from the .futures cache
+        const future = client.futures[messageHash];
+        future.resolve(cache);
+        client.resolve(cache, 'position');
+    }
+    handlePositions(client, message) {
+        //
+        //    {
+        //        topic: 'position',
+        //        id: '504b2671629b08e3c4f6960382a59363:3bc4028023786545:0:01',
+        //        creationTime: 1694566055295,
+        //        data: [{
+        //            bustPrice: '15.00',
+        //            category: 'inverse',
+        //            createdTime: '1670083436351',
+        //            cumRealisedPnl: '0.00011988',
+        //            entryPrice: '19358.58553268',
+        //            leverage: '10',
+        //            liqPrice: '15.00',
+        //            markPrice: '25924.00',
+        //            positionBalance: '0.0000156',
+        //            positionIdx: 0,
+        //            positionMM: '0.001',
+        //            positionIM: '0.0000015497',
+        //            positionStatus: 'Normal',
+        //            positionValue: '0.00015497',
+        //            riskId: 1,
+        //            riskLimitValue: '150',
+        //            side: 'Buy',
+        //            size: '3',
+        //            stopLoss: '0.00',
+        //            symbol: 'BTCUSD',
+        //            takeProfit: '0.00',
+        //            tpslMode: 'Full',
+        //            tradeMode: 0,
+        //            autoAddMargin: 1,
+        //            trailingStop: '0.00',
+        //            unrealisedPnl: '0.00003925',
+        //            updatedTime: '1694566055293',
+        //            adlRankIndicator: 3
+        //        }]
+        //    }
+        //
+        // each account is connected to a different endpoint
+        // and has exactly one subscriptionhash which is the account type
+        if (this.positions === undefined) {
+            this.positions = new ArrayCacheBySymbolBySide();
+        }
+        const cache = this.positions;
+        const newPositions = [];
+        const rawPositions = this.safeValue(message, 'data', []);
+        for (let i = 0; i < rawPositions.length; i++) {
+            const rawPosition = rawPositions[i];
+            const position = this.parsePosition(rawPosition);
+            const side = this.safeString(position, 'side');
+            // hacky solution to handle closing positions
+            // without crashing, we should handle this properly later
+            newPositions.push(position);
+            if (side === undefined || side === '') {
+                // closing update, adding both sides to "reset" both sides
+                // since we don't know which side is being closed
+                position['side'] = 'long';
+                cache.append(position);
+                position['side'] = 'short';
+                cache.append(position);
+                position['side'] = undefined;
+            }
+            else {
+                // regular update
+                cache.append(position);
+            }
+        }
+        const messageHashes = this.findMessageHashes(client, 'positions::');
+        for (let i = 0; i < messageHashes.length; i++) {
+            const messageHash = messageHashes[i];
+            const parts = messageHash.split('::');
+            const symbolsString = parts[1];
+            const symbols = symbolsString.split(',');
+            const positions = this.filterByArray(newPositions, 'symbol', symbols, false);
+            if (!this.isEmpty(positions)) {
+                client.resolve(positions, messageHash);
+            }
+        }
+        client.resolve(newPositions, 'positions');
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name bybit#unWatchPositions
+     * @description unWatches all open positions
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/private/position
+     * @param {string[]} [symbols] list of unified market symbols
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object} status of the unwatch request
+     */
+    async unWatchPositions(symbols = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        const method = 'watchPositions';
+        const messageHash = 'unsubscribe:positions';
+        const subHash = 'positions';
+        if (!this.isEmpty(symbols)) {
+            throw new NotSupported(this.id + ' unWatchPositions() does not support a symbol parameter, you must unwatch all orders');
+        }
+        const url = await this.getUrlByMarketType(undefined, true, method, params);
+        await this.authenticate(url);
+        const topics = ['position'];
+        return await this.unWatchTopics(url, 'positions', symbols, [messageHash], [subHash], topics, params);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name bybit#watchLiquidations
+     * @description watch the public liquidations of a trading pair
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/public/liquidation
+     * @param {string} symbol unified CCXT market symbol
+     * @param {int} [since] the earliest time in ms to fetch liquidations for
+     * @param {int} [limit] the maximum number of liquidation structures to retrieve
+     * @param {object} [params] exchange specific parameters for the bitmex api endpoint
+     * @param {string} [params.method] exchange specific method, supported: liquidation, allLiquidation
+     * @returns {object} an array of [liquidation structures]{@link https://github.com/ccxt/ccxt/wiki/Manual#liquidation-structure}
+     */
+    async watchLiquidations(symbol, since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        const market = this.market(symbol);
+        symbol = market['symbol'];
+        const url = await this.getUrlByMarketType(symbol, false, 'watchLiquidations', params);
+        params = this.cleanParams(params);
+        let method = undefined;
+        [method, params] = this.handleOptionAndParams(params, 'watchLiquidations', 'method', 'liquidation');
+        const messageHash = 'liquidations::' + symbol;
+        const topic = method + '.' + market['id'];
+        const newLiquidation = await this.watchTopics(url, [messageHash], [topic], params);
+        if (this.newUpdates) {
+            return newLiquidation;
+        }
+        return this.filterBySymbolsSinceLimit(this.liquidations, [symbol], since, limit, true);
+    }
+    handleLiquidation(client, message) {
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "data": {
+        //             "price": "0.03803",
+        //             "side": "Buy",
+        //             "size": "1637",
+        //             "symbol": "GALAUSDT",
+        //             "updatedTime": 1673251091822
+        //         },
+        //         "topic": "liquidation.GALAUSDT",
+        //         "ts": 1673251091822,
+        //         "type": "snapshot"
+        //     }
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "topic": "allLiquidation.ROSEUSDT",
+        //         "type": "snapshot",
+        //         "ts": 1739502303204,
+        //         "data": [
+        //             {
+        //                 "T": 1739502302929,
+        //                 "s": "ROSEUSDT",
+        //                 "S": "Sell",
+        //                 "v": "20000",
+        //                 "p": "0.04499"
+        //             }
+        //         ]
+        //     }
+        //
+        if (Array.isArray(message['data'])) {
+            const rawLiquidations = this.safeList(message, 'data', []);
+            for (let i = 0; i < rawLiquidations.length; i++) {
+                const rawLiquidation = rawLiquidations[i];
+                const marketId = this.safeString(rawLiquidation, 's');
+                const market = this.safeMarket(marketId, undefined, '', 'contract');
+                const symbol = market['symbol'];
+                const liquidation = this.parseWsLiquidation(rawLiquidation, market);
+                let liquidations = this.safeValue(this.liquidations, symbol);
+                if (liquidations === undefined) {
+                    const limit = this.safeInteger(this.options, 'liquidationsLimit', 1000);
+                    liquidations = new ArrayCache(limit);
+                }
+                liquidations.append(liquidation);
+                this.liquidations[symbol] = liquidations;
+                client.resolve([liquidation], 'liquidations');
+                client.resolve([liquidation], 'liquidations::' + symbol);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            const rawLiquidation = this.safeDict(message, 'data', {});
+            const marketId = this.safeString(rawLiquidation, 'symbol');
+            const market = this.safeMarket(marketId, undefined, '', 'contract');
+            const symbol = market['symbol'];
+            const liquidation = this.parseWsLiquidation(rawLiquidation, market);
+            let liquidations = this.safeValue(this.liquidations, symbol);
+            if (liquidations === undefined) {
+                const limit = this.safeInteger(this.options, 'liquidationsLimit', 1000);
+                liquidations = new ArrayCache(limit);
+            }
+            liquidations.append(liquidation);
+            this.liquidations[symbol] = liquidations;
+            client.resolve([liquidation], 'liquidations');
+            client.resolve([liquidation], 'liquidations::' + symbol);
+        }
+    }
+    parseWsLiquidation(liquidation, market = undefined) {
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "price": "0.03803",
+        //         "side": "Buy",
+        //         "size": "1637",
+        //         "symbol": "GALAUSDT",
+        //         "updatedTime": 1673251091822
+        //     }
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "T": 1739502302929,
+        //         "s": "ROSEUSDT",
+        //         "S": "Sell",
+        //         "v": "20000",
+        //         "p": "0.04499"
+        //     }
+        //
+        const marketId = this.safeString2(liquidation, 'symbol', 's');
+        market = this.safeMarket(marketId, market, '', 'contract');
+        const timestamp = this.safeInteger2(liquidation, 'updatedTime', 'T');
+        return this.safeLiquidation({
+            'info': liquidation,
+            'symbol': market['symbol'],
+            'contracts': this.safeNumber2(liquidation, 'size', 'v'),
+            'contractSize': this.safeNumber(market, 'contractSize'),
+            'price': this.safeNumber2(liquidation, 'price', 'p'),
+            'side': this.safeStringLower(liquidation, 'side', 'S'),
+            'baseValue': undefined,
+            'quoteValue': undefined,
+            'timestamp': timestamp,
+            'datetime': this.iso8601(timestamp),
+        });
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name bybit#watchOrders
+     * @description watches information on multiple orders made by the user
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/private/order
+     * @param {string} symbol unified market symbol of the market orders were made in
+     * @param {int} [since] the earliest time in ms to fetch orders for
+     * @param {int} [limit] the maximum number of order structures to retrieve
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object[]} a list of [order structures]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure}
+     */
+    async watchOrders(symbol = undefined, since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        const method = 'watchOrders';
+        let messageHash = 'orders';
+        if (symbol !== undefined) {
+            symbol = this.symbol(symbol);
+            messageHash += ':' + symbol;
+        }
+        const url = await this.getUrlByMarketType(symbol, true, method, params);
+        await this.authenticate(url);
+        const topicsByMarket = {
+            'spot': ['order', 'stopOrder'],
+            'unified': ['order'],
+            'usdc': ['user.openapi.perp.order'],
+        };
+        const topics = this.safeValue(topicsByMarket, this.getPrivateType(url));
+        const orders = await this.watchTopics(url, [messageHash], topics, params);
+        if (this.newUpdates) {
+            limit = orders.getLimit(symbol, limit);
+        }
+        return this.filterBySymbolSinceLimit(orders, symbol, since, limit, true);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name bybit#unWatchOrders
+     * @description unWatches information on multiple orders made by the user
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/private/order
+     * @param {string} symbol unified market symbol of the market orders were made in
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @param {boolean} [params.unifiedMargin] use unified margin account
+     * @returns {object[]} a list of [order structures]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure}
+     */
+    async unWatchOrders(symbol = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        const method = 'watchOrders';
+        const messageHash = 'unsubscribe:orders';
+        const subHash = 'orders';
+        if (symbol !== undefined) {
+            throw new NotSupported(this.id + ' unWatchOrders() does not support a symbol parameter, you must unwatch all orders');
+        }
+        const url = await this.getUrlByMarketType(symbol, true, method, params);
+        await this.authenticate(url);
+        const topicsByMarket = {
+            'spot': ['order', 'stopOrder'],
+            'unified': ['order'],
+            'usdc': ['user.openapi.perp.order'],
+        };
+        const topics = this.safeValue(topicsByMarket, this.getPrivateType(url));
+        return await this.unWatchTopics(url, 'orders', [], [messageHash], [subHash], topics, params);
+    }
+    handleOrderWs(client, message) {
+        //
+        //    {
+        //        "reqId":"1",
+        //        "retCode":0,
+        //        "retMsg":"OK",
+        //        "op":"order.create",
+        //        "data":{
+        //            "orderId":"1673523595617593600",
+        //            "orderLinkId":"1673523595617593601"
+        //        },
+        //        "header":{
+        //            "X-Bapi-Limit":"20",
+        //            "X-Bapi-Limit-Status":"19",
+        //            "X-Bapi-Limit-Reset-Timestamp":"1714235558880",
+        //            "Traceid":"584a06d373f2fdcb3a4dfdd81d27df11",
+        //            "Timenow":"1714235558881"
+        //        },
+        //        "connId":"cojidqec0hv9fgvhtbt0-40e"
+        //    }
+        //
+        const messageHash = this.safeString(message, 'reqId');
+        const data = this.safeDict(message, 'data');
+        const order = this.parseOrder(data);
+        client.resolve(order, messageHash);
+    }
+    handleOrder(client, message) {
+        //
+        //     spot
+        //     {
+        //         "type": "snapshot",
+        //         "topic": "order",
+        //         "ts": "1662348310441",
+        //         "data": [
+        //             {
+        //                 "e": "order",
+        //                 "E": "1662348310441",
+        //                 "s": "BTCUSDT",
+        //                 "c": "spotx008",
+        //                 "S": "BUY",
+        //                 "o": "MARKET_OF_QUOTE",
+        //                 "f": "GTC",
+        //                 "q": "20",
+        //                 "p": "0",
+        //                 "X": "CANCELED",
+        //                 "i": "1238261807653647872",
+        //                 "M": "1238225004531834368",
+        //                 "l": "0.001007",
+        //                 "z": "0.001007",
+        //                 "L": "19842.02",
+        //                 "n": "0",
+        //                 "N": "BTC",
+        //                 "u": true,
+        //                 "w": true,
+        //                 "m": false,
+        //                 "O": "1662348310368",
+        //                 "Z": "19.98091414",
+        //                 "A": "0",
+        //                 "C": false,
+        //                 "v": "0",
+        //                 "d": "NO_LIQ",
+        //                 "t": "2100000000002220938"
+        //             }
+        //         ]
+        //     }
+        // unified
+        //     {
+        //         "id": "5923240c6880ab-c59f-420b-9adb-3639adc9dd90",
+        //         "topic": "order",
+        //         "creationTime": 1672364262474,
+        //         "data": [
+        //             {
+        //                 "symbol": "ETH-30DEC22-1400-C",
+        //                 "orderId": "5cf98598-39a7-459e-97bf-76ca765ee020",
+        //                 "side": "Sell",
+        //                 "orderType": "Market",
+        //                 "cancelType": "UNKNOWN",
+        //                 "price": "72.5",
+        //                 "qty": "1",
+        //                 "orderIv": "",
+        //                 "timeInForce": "IOC",
+        //                 "orderStatus": "Filled",
+        //                 "orderLinkId": "",
+        //                 "lastPriceOnCreated": "",
+        //                 "reduceOnly": false,
+        //                 "leavesQty": "",
+        //                 "leavesValue": "",
+        //                 "cumExecQty": "1",
+        //                 "cumExecValue": "75",
+        //                 "avgPrice": "75",
+        //                 "blockTradeId": "",
+        //                 "positionIdx": 0,
+        //                 "cumExecFee": "0.358635",
+        //                 "createdTime": "1672364262444",
+        //                 "updatedTime": "1672364262457",
+        //                 "rejectReason": "EC_NoError",
+        //                 "stopOrderType": "",
+        //                 "triggerPrice": "",
+        //                 "takeProfit": "",
+        //                 "stopLoss": "",
+        //                 "tpTriggerBy": "",
+        //                 "slTriggerBy": "",
+        //                 "triggerDirection": 0,
+        //                 "triggerBy": "",
+        //                 "closeOnTrigger": false,
+        //                 "category": "option"
+        //             }
+        //         ]
+        //     }
+        //
+        if (this.orders === undefined) {
+            const limit = this.safeInteger(this.options, 'ordersLimit', 1000);
+            this.orders = new ArrayCacheBySymbolById(limit);
+        }
+        const orders = this.orders;
+        let rawOrders = this.safeValue(message, 'data', []);
+        const first = this.safeValue(rawOrders, 0, {});
+        const category = this.safeString(first, 'category');
+        const isSpot = category === 'spot';
+        if (!isSpot) {
+            rawOrders = this.safeValue(rawOrders, 'result', rawOrders);
+        }
+        const symbols = {};
+        for (let i = 0; i < rawOrders.length; i++) {
+            const parsed = this.parseOrder(rawOrders[i]);
+            // if (isSpot) {
+            //     parsed = this.parseWsSpotOrder (rawOrders[i]);
+            // } else {
+            //     parsed = this.parseOrder (rawOrders[i]);
+            // }
+            const symbol = parsed['symbol'];
+            symbols[symbol] = true;
+            orders.append(parsed);
+        }
+        const symbolsArray = Object.keys(symbols);
+        for (let i = 0; i < symbolsArray.length; i++) {
+            const currentMessageHash = 'orders:' + symbolsArray[i];
+            client.resolve(orders, currentMessageHash);
+        }
+        const messageHash = 'orders';
+        client.resolve(orders, messageHash);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name bybit#watchBalance
+     * @description watch balance and get the amount of funds available for trading or funds locked in orders
+     * @see https://bybit-exchange.github.io/docs/v5/websocket/private/wallet
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object} a [balance structure]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=balance-structure}
+     */
+    async watchBalance(params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        const method = 'watchBalance';
+        let messageHash = 'balances';
+        let type = undefined;
+        [type, params] = this.handleMarketTypeAndParams('watchBalance', undefined, params);
+        let subType = undefined;
+        [subType, params] = this.handleSubTypeAndParams('watchBalance', undefined, params);
+        const unified = await this.isUnifiedEnabled();
+        const isUnifiedMargin = this.safeBool(unified, 0, false);
+        const isUnifiedAccount = this.safeBool(unified, 1, false);
+        const url = await this.getUrlByMarketType(undefined, true, method, params);
+        await this.authenticate(url);
+        const topicByMarket = {
+            'spot': 'outboundAccountInfo',
+            'unified': 'wallet',
+        };
+        if (isUnifiedAccount) {
+            // unified account
+            if (subType === 'inverse') {
+                messageHash += ':contract';
+            }
+            else {
+                messageHash += ':unified';
+            }
+        }
+        if (!isUnifiedMargin && !isUnifiedAccount) {
+            // normal account using v5
+            if (type === 'spot') {
+                messageHash += ':spot';
+            }
+            else {
+                messageHash += ':contract';
+            }
+        }
+        if (isUnifiedMargin) {
+            // unified margin account using v5
+            if (type === 'spot') {
+                messageHash += ':spot';
+            }
+            else {
+                if (subType === 'linear') {
+                    messageHash += ':unified';
+                }
+                else {
+                    messageHash += ':contract';
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        const topics = [this.safeValue(topicByMarket, this.getPrivateType(url))];
+        return await this.watchTopics(url, [messageHash], topics, params);
+    }
+    handleBalance(client, message) {
+        //
+        // spot
+        //    {
+        //        "type": "snapshot",
+        //        "topic": "outboundAccountInfo",
+        //        "ts": "1662107217641",
+        //        "data": [
+        //            {
+        //                "e": "outboundAccountInfo",
+        //                "E": "1662107217640",
+        //                "T": true,
+        //                "W": true,
+        //                "D": true,
+        //                "B": [
+        //                    {
+        //                        "a": "USDT",
+        //                        "f": "176.81254174",
+        //                        "l": "201.575"
+        //                    }
+        //                ]
+        //            }
+        //        ]
+        //    }
+        // unified
+        //     {
+        //         "id": "5923242c464be9-25ca-483d-a743-c60101fc656f",
+        //         "topic": "wallet",
+        //         "creationTime": 1672364262482,
+        //         "data": [
+        //             {
+        //                 "accountIMRate": "0.016",
+        //                 "accountMMRate": "0.003",
+        //                 "totalEquity": "12837.78330098",
+        //                 "totalWalletBalance": "12840.4045924",
+        //                 "totalMarginBalance": "12837.78330188",
+        //                 "totalAvailableBalance": "12632.05767702",
+        //                 "totalPerpUPL": "-2.62129051",
+        //                 "totalInitialMargin": "205.72562486",
+        //                 "totalMaintenanceMargin": "39.42876721",
+        //                 "coin": [
+        //                     {
+        //                         "coin": "USDC",
+        //                         "equity": "200.62572554",
+        //                         "usdValue": "200.62572554",
+        //                         "walletBalance": "201.34882644",
+        //                         "availableToWithdraw": "0",
+        //                         "availableToBorrow": "1500000",
+        //                         "borrowAmount": "0",
+        //                         "accruedInterest": "0",
+        //                         "totalOrderIM": "0",
+        //                         "totalPositionIM": "202.99874213",
+        //                         "totalPositionMM": "39.14289747",
+        //                         "unrealisedPnl": "74.2768991",
+        //                         "cumRealisedPnl": "-209.1544627",
+        //                         "bonus": "0"
+        //                     },
+        //                     {
+        //                         "coin": "BTC",
+        //                         "equity": "0.06488393",
+        //                         "usdValue": "1023.08402268",
+        //                         "walletBalance": "0.06488393",
+        //                         "availableToWithdraw": "0.06488393",
+        //                         "availableToBorrow": "2.5",
+        //                         "borrowAmount": "0",
+        //                         "accruedInterest": "0",
+        //                         "totalOrderIM": "0",
+        //                         "totalPositionIM": "0",
+        //                         "totalPositionMM": "0",
+        //                         "unrealisedPnl": "0",
+        //                         "cumRealisedPnl": "0",
+        //                         "bonus": "0"
+        //                     },
+        //                     {
+        //                         "coin": "ETH",
+        //                         "equity": "0",
+        //                         "usdValue": "0",
+        //                         "walletBalance": "0",
+        //                         "availableToWithdraw": "0",
+        //                         "availableToBorrow": "26",
+        //                         "borrowAmount": "0",
+        //                         "accruedInterest": "0",
+        //                         "totalOrderIM": "0",
+        //                         "totalPositionIM": "0",
+        //                         "totalPositionMM": "0",
+        //                         "unrealisedPnl": "0",
+        //                         "cumRealisedPnl": "0",
+        //                         "bonus": "0"
+        //                     },
+        //                     {
+        //                         "coin": "USDT",
+        //                         "equity": "11726.64664904",
+        //                         "usdValue": "11613.58597018",
+        //                         "walletBalance": "11728.54414904",
+        //                         "availableToWithdraw": "11723.92075829",
+        //                         "availableToBorrow": "2500000",
+        //                         "borrowAmount": "0",
+        //                         "accruedInterest": "0",
+        //                         "totalOrderIM": "0",
+        //                         "totalPositionIM": "2.72589075",
+        //                         "totalPositionMM": "0.28576575",
+        //                         "unrealisedPnl": "-1.8975",
+        //                         "cumRealisedPnl": "0.64782276",
+        //                         "bonus": "0"
+        //                     },
+        //                     {
+        //                         "coin": "EOS3L",
+        //                         "equity": "215.0570412",
+        //                         "usdValue": "0",
+        //                         "walletBalance": "215.0570412",
+        //                         "availableToWithdraw": "215.0570412",
+        //                         "availableToBorrow": "0",
+        //                         "borrowAmount": "0",
+        //                         "accruedInterest": "",
+        //                         "totalOrderIM": "0",
+        //                         "totalPositionIM": "0",
+        //                         "totalPositionMM": "0",
+        //                         "unrealisedPnl": "0",
+        //                         "cumRealisedPnl": "0",
+        //                         "bonus": "0"
+        //                     },
+        //                     {
+        //                         "coin": "BIT",
+        //                         "equity": "1.82",
+        //                         "usdValue": "0.48758257",
+        //                         "walletBalance": "1.82",
+        //                         "availableToWithdraw": "1.82",
+        //                         "availableToBorrow": "0",
+        //                         "borrowAmount": "0",
+        //                         "accruedInterest": "",
+        //                         "totalOrderIM": "0",
+        //                         "totalPositionIM": "0",
+        //                         "totalPositionMM": "0",
+        //                         "unrealisedPnl": "0",
+        //                         "cumRealisedPnl": "0",
+        //                         "bonus": "0"
+        //                     }
+        //                 ],
+        //                 "accountType": "UNIFIED"
+        //             }
+        //         ]
+        //     }
+        //
+        if (this.balance === undefined) {
+            this.balance = {};
+        }
+        let messageHash = 'balance';
+        const topic = this.safeValue(message, 'topic');
+        let info = undefined;
+        let rawBalances = [];
+        let account = undefined;
+        if (topic === 'outboundAccountInfo') {
+            account = 'spot';
+            const data = this.safeValue(message, 'data', []);
+            for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
+                const B = this.safeValue(data[i], 'B', []);
+                rawBalances = this.arrayConcat(rawBalances, B);
+            }
+            info = rawBalances;
+        }
+        if (topic === 'wallet') {
+            const data = this.safeValue(message, 'data', {});
+            for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
+                const result = this.safeValue(data, 0, {});
+                account = this.safeStringLower(result, 'accountType');
+                rawBalances = this.arrayConcat(rawBalances, this.safeValue(result, 'coin', []));
+            }
+            info = data;
+        }
+        for (let i = 0; i < rawBalances.length; i++) {
+            this.parseWsBalance(rawBalances[i], account);
+        }
+        if (account !== undefined) {
+            if (this.safeValue(this.balance, account) === undefined) {
+                this.balance[account] = {};
+            }
+            this.balance[account]['info'] = info;
+            const timestamp = this.safeInteger(message, 'ts');
+            this.balance[account]['timestamp'] = timestamp;
+            this.balance[account]['datetime'] = this.iso8601(timestamp);
+            this.balance[account] = this.safeBalance(this.balance[account]);
+            messageHash = 'balances:' + account;
+            client.resolve(this.balance[account], messageHash);
+        }
+        else {
+            this.balance['info'] = info;
+            const timestamp = this.safeInteger(message, 'ts');
+            this.balance['timestamp'] = timestamp;
+            this.balance['datetime'] = this.iso8601(timestamp);
+            this.balance = this.safeBalance(this.balance);
+            messageHash = 'balances';
+            client.resolve(this.balance, messageHash);
+        }
+    }
+    parseWsBalance(balance, accountType = undefined) {
+        //
+        // spot
+        //    {
+        //        "a": "USDT",
+        //        "f": "176.81254174",
+        //        "l": "201.575"
+        //    }
+        // unified
+        //     {
+        //         "coin": "BTC",
+        //         "equity": "0.06488393",
+        //         "usdValue": "1023.08402268",
+        //         "walletBalance": "0.06488393",
+        //         "availableToWithdraw": "0.06488393",
+        //         "availableToBorrow": "2.5",
+        //         "borrowAmount": "0",
+        //         "accruedInterest": "0",
+        //         "totalOrderIM": "0",
+        //         "totalPositionIM": "0",
+        //         "totalPositionMM": "0",
+        //         "unrealisedPnl": "0",
+        //         "cumRealisedPnl": "0",
+        //         "bonus": "0"
+        //     }
+        //
+        const account = this.account();
+        const currencyId = this.safeString2(balance, 'a', 'coin');
+        const code = this.safeCurrencyCode(currencyId);
+        account['free'] = this.safeStringN(balance, ['availableToWithdraw', 'f', 'free', 'availableToWithdraw']);
+        account['used'] = this.safeString2(balance, 'l', 'locked');
+        account['total'] = this.safeString(balance, 'walletBalance');
+        if (accountType !== undefined) {
+            if (this.safeValue(this.balance, accountType) === undefined) {
+                this.balance[accountType] = {};
+            }
+            this.balance[accountType][code] = account;
+        }
+        else {
+            this.balance[code] = account;
+        }
+    }
+    async watchTopics(url, messageHashes, topics, params = {}) {
+        const request = {
+            'op': 'subscribe',
+            'req_id': this.requestId(),
+            'args': topics,
+        };
+        const message = this.extend(request, params);
+        return await this.watchMultiple(url, messageHashes, message, messageHashes);
+    }
+    async unWatchTopics(url, topic, symbols, messageHashes, subMessageHashes, topics, params = {}, subExtension = {}) {
+        const reqId = this.requestId();
+        const request = {
+            'op': 'unsubscribe',
+            'req_id': reqId,
+            'args': topics,
+        };
+        const subscription = {
+            'id': reqId,
+            'topic': topic,
+            'messageHashes': messageHashes,
+            'subMessageHashes': subMessageHashes,
+            'symbols': symbols,
+        };
+        const message = this.extend(request, params);
+        return await this.watchMultiple(url, messageHashes, message, messageHashes, this.extend(subscription, subExtension));
+    }
+    async authenticate(url, params = {}) {
+        this.checkRequiredCredentials();
+        const messageHash = 'authenticated';
+        const client = this.client(url);
+        const future = client.future(messageHash);
+        const authenticated = this.safeValue(client.subscriptions, messageHash);
+        if (authenticated === undefined) {
+            const expiresInt = this.milliseconds() + 10000;
+            const expires = this.numberToString(expiresInt);
+            const path = 'GET/realtime';
+            const auth = path + expires;
+            const signature = this.hmac(this.encode(auth), this.encode(this.secret), sha256, 'hex');
+            const request = {
+                'op': 'auth',
+                'args': [
+                    this.apiKey, expires, signature,
+                ],
+            };
+            const message = this.extend(request, params);
+            this.watch(url, messageHash, message, messageHash);
+        }
+        return await future;
+    }
+    handleErrorMessage(client, message) {
+        //
+        //   {
+        //       "success": false,
+        //       "ret_msg": "error:invalid op",
+        //       "conn_id": "5e079fdd-9c7f-404d-9dbf-969d650838b5",
+        //       "request": { op: '', args: null }
+        //   }
+        //
+        // auth error
+        //
+        //   {
+        //       "success": false,
+        //       "ret_msg": "error:USVC1111",
+        //       "conn_id": "e73770fb-a0dc-45bd-8028-140e20958090",
+        //       "request": {
+        //         "op": "auth",
+        //         "args": [
+        //           "9rFT6uR4uz9Imkw4Wx",
+        //           "1653405853543",
+        //           "542e71bd85597b4db0290f0ce2d13ed1fd4bb5df3188716c1e9cc69a879f7889"
+        //         ]
+        //   }
+        //
+        //   { code: '-10009', desc: "Invalid period!" }
+        //
+        //   {
+        //       "reqId":"1",
+        //       "retCode":170131,
+        //       "retMsg":"Insufficient balance.",
+        //       "op":"order.create",
+        //       "data":{
+        //
+        //       },
+        //       "header":{
+        //           "X-Bapi-Limit":"20",
+        //           "X-Bapi-Limit-Status":"19",
+        //           "X-Bapi-Limit-Reset-Timestamp":"1714236608944",
+        //           "Traceid":"3d7168a137bf32a947b7e5e6a575ac7f",
+        //           "Timenow":"1714236608946"
+        //       },
+        //       "connId":"cojifin88smerbj9t560-406"
+        //   }
+        //
+        const code = this.safeStringN(message, ['code', 'ret_code', 'retCode']);
+        try {
+            if (code !== undefined && code !== '0') {
+                const feedback = this.id + ' ' + this.json(message);
+                this.throwExactlyMatchedException(this.exceptions['exact'], code, feedback);
+                const msg = this.safeString2(message, 'retMsg', 'ret_msg');
+                this.throwBroadlyMatchedException(this.exceptions['broad'], msg, feedback);
+                throw new ExchangeError(feedback);
+            }
+            const success = this.safeValue(message, 'success');
+            if (success !== undefined && !success) {
+                const ret_msg = this.safeString(message, 'ret_msg');
+                const request = this.safeValue(message, 'request', {});
+                const op = this.safeString(request, 'op');
+                if (op === 'auth') {
+                    throw new AuthenticationError('Authentication failed: ' + ret_msg);
+                }
+                else {
+                    throw new ExchangeError(this.id + ' ' + ret_msg);
+                }
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+        catch (error) {
+            if (error instanceof AuthenticationError) {
+                const messageHash = 'authenticated';
+                client.reject(error, messageHash);
+                if (messageHash in client.subscriptions) {
+                    delete client.subscriptions[messageHash];
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                const messageHash = this.safeString(message, 'reqId');
+                client.reject(error, messageHash);
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    handleMessage(client, message) {
+        if (this.handleErrorMessage(client, message)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        // contract pong
+        const ret_msg = this.safeString(message, 'ret_msg');
+        if (ret_msg === 'pong') {
+            this.handlePong(client, message);
+            return;
+        }
+        // spot pong
+        const pong = this.safeInteger(message, 'pong');
+        if (pong !== undefined) {
+            this.handlePong(client, message);
+            return;
+        }
+        // pong
+        const event = this.safeString(message, 'event');
+        if (event === 'sub') {
+            this.handleSubscriptionStatus(client, message);
+            return;
+        }
+        const topic = this.safeString2(message, 'topic', 'op', '');
+        const methods = {
+            'orderbook': this.handleOrderBook,
+            'kline': this.handleOHLCV,
+            'order': this.handleOrder,
+            'stopOrder': this.handleOrder,
+            'ticker': this.handleTicker,
+            'trade': this.handleTrades,
+            'publicTrade': this.handleTrades,
+            'depth': this.handleOrderBook,
+            'wallet': this.handleBalance,
+            'outboundAccountInfo': this.handleBalance,
+            'execution': this.handleMyTrades,
+            'ticketInfo': this.handleMyTrades,
+            'user.openapi.perp.trade': this.handleMyTrades,
+            'position': this.handlePositions,
+            'liquidation': this.handleLiquidation,
+            'allLiquidation': this.handleLiquidation,
+            'pong': this.handlePong,
+            'order.create': this.handleOrderWs,
+            'order.amend': this.handleOrderWs,
+            'order.cancel': this.handleOrderWs,
+            'auth': this.handleAuthenticate,
+            'unsubscribe': this.handleUnSubscribe,
+        };
+        const exacMethod = this.safeValue(methods, topic);
+        if (exacMethod !== undefined) {
+            exacMethod.call(this, client, message);
+            return;
+        }
+        const keys = Object.keys(methods);
+        for (let i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+            const key = keys[i];
+            if (topic.indexOf(keys[i]) >= 0) {
+                const method = methods[key];
+                method.call(this, client, message);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        // unified auth acknowledgement
+        const type = this.safeString(message, 'type');
+        if (type === 'AUTH_RESP') {
+            this.handleAuthenticate(client, message);
+        }
+    }
+    ping(client) {
+        return {
+            'req_id': this.requestId(),
+            'op': 'ping',
+        };
+    }
+    handlePong(client, message) {
+        //
+        //   {
+        //       "success": true,
+        //       "ret_msg": "pong",
+        //       "conn_id": "db3158a0-8960-44b9-a9de-ac350ee13158",
+        //       "request": { op: "ping", args: null }
+        //   }
+        //
+        //   { pong: 1653296711335 }
+        //
+        client.lastPong = this.safeInteger(message, 'pong');
+        return message;
+    }
+    handleAuthenticate(client, message) {
+        //
+        //    {
+        //        "success": true,
+        //        "ret_msg": '',
+        //        "op": "auth",
+        //        "conn_id": "ce3dpomvha7dha97tvp0-2xh"
+        //    }
+        //
+        //    {
+        //        "retCode":0,
+        //        "retMsg":"OK",
+        //        "op":"auth",
+        //        "connId":"cojifin88smerbj9t560-404"
+        //    }
+        //
+        const success = this.safeValue(message, 'success');
+        const code = this.safeInteger(message, 'retCode');
+        const messageHash = 'authenticated';
+        if (success || code === 0) {
+            const future = this.safeValue(client.futures, messageHash);
+            future.resolve(true);
+        }
+        else {
+            const error = new AuthenticationError(this.id + ' ' + this.json(message));
+            client.reject(error, messageHash);
+            if (messageHash in client.subscriptions) {
+                delete client.subscriptions[messageHash];
+            }
+        }
+        return message;
+    }
+    handleSubscriptionStatus(client, message) {
+        //
+        //    {
+        //        "topic": "kline",
+        //        "event": "sub",
+        //        "params": {
+        //          "symbol": "LTCUSDT",
+        //          "binary": "false",
+        //          "klineType": "1m",
+        //          "symbolName": "LTCUSDT"
+        //        },
+        //        "code": "0",
+        //        "msg": "Success"
+        //    }
+        //
+        return message;
+    }
+    handleUnSubscribe(client, message) {
+        //
+        // {"success":true,"ret_msg":"","conn_id":"7188110e-6908-41e9-b863-6365127e92ad","req_id":"3","op":"unsubscribe"}
+        //
+        // client.subscription will be something like:
+        // {
+        //     "publicTrade.LTCUSDT":true,
+        //     "publicTrade.ADAUSDT":true,
+        //     "unsubscribe:trade:LTC/USDT:USDT": {
+        //        "id":4,
+        //         "subHash": "trade:LTC/USDT"
+        //     },
+        // }
+        const reqId = this.safeString(message, 'req_id');
+        const keys = Object.keys(client.subscriptions);
+        for (let i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+            const messageHash = keys[i];
+            if (!(messageHash in client.subscriptions)) {
+                continue;
+                // the previous iteration can have deleted the messageHash from the subscriptions
+            }
+            if (messageHash.startsWith('unsubscribe')) {
+                const subscription = client.subscriptions[messageHash];
+                const subId = this.safeString(subscription, 'id');
+                if (reqId !== subId) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                const messageHashes = this.safeList(subscription, 'messageHashes', []);
+                const subMessageHashes = this.safeList(subscription, 'subMessageHashes', []);
+                for (let j = 0; j < messageHashes.length; j++) {
+                    const unsubHash = messageHashes[j];
+                    const subHash = subMessageHashes[j];
+                    const usePrefix = (subHash === 'orders') || (subHash === 'myTrades');
+                    this.cleanUnsubscription(client, subHash, unsubHash, usePrefix);
+                }
+                this.cleanCache(subscription);
+            }
+        }
+        return message;
+    }
+}