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package/presets/opencode/skills/django-testing/SKILL.md

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+---
+id: django-testing
+version: 1.0.0
+name: Django Testing
+description: >
+  Testing patterns for multi-tenant Django POS projects using pytest-django,
+  RequestFactory, and mocks. No factories, no complex conftest.
+  Trigger: When writing or reviewing tests in any apps/ directory.
+
+compatibility:
+  tools: [claude, codex, opencode]
+  stacks:
+    languages: [python]
+    frameworks: [django, pytest-django, django-tenants]
+
+risk:
+  level: low
+  can_execute_shell: true
+  can_modify_files: true
+  requires_network: false
+
+inputs:
+  - view and service files under apps/
+  - existing test files (apps/*/tests/ or apps/*/tests.py)
+  - pytest configuration (pyproject.toml)
+
+outputs:
+  - SimpleTestCase-based unit test classes
+  - mock configurations for tenant-app models
+  - RequestFactory request builders
+  - FakeSession pattern implementations
+  - queryset chain mock helpers
+  - pytest test files following project conventions
+
+quality:
+  reviewed_by: codeconductor-core
+  version: 0.1.0
+---
+## When to Use
+
+- Writing any test in `apps/*/tests/` or `apps/*/tests.py`
+- Deciding which test base class to use
+- Mocking ORM calls for TENANT_APP models
+- Testing views that use custom access decorators
+- Testing APIs, PDFs, and cart operations
+
+## Test Architecture in Multi-Tenant Projects
+
+### The Schema Problem
+
+This project uses `django-tenants` with multi-schema PostgreSQL:
+
+- **Shared apps** (public schema): `core`, `users`, Django contrib
+- **Tenant apps** (per-store schema): `employees`, `catalog`, `cart`, `orders`,
+  `pos`, `storefront`, `analytics`
+
+**The test runner uses the public schema**, so tenant app tables DON'T exist in
+tests. This profoundly affects how we write tests.
+
+### Base Class Selection
+
+| Condition                                   | Use                      | Notes                 |
+| ------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ | --------------------- |
+| No DB access needed                         | `SimpleTestCase`         | No transaction, no DB |
+| Only public schema models (`User`, `Store`) | `TestCase`               | Uses public schema    |
+| **Any tenant app model**                    | `SimpleTestCase` + mocks | **ALWAYS**            |
+
+```python
+# WRONG — crashes because tables don't exist
+class TestProductAPI(TestCase):
+    def test_list_products(self):
+        product = Product.objects.create(...)  # Table does not exist!
+
+# CORRECT — SimpleTestCase with mocks
+class TestProductAPI(SimpleTestCase):
+    @patch("apps.catalog.views.Product")
+    def test_list_products(self, mock_product):
+        mock_product.objects.filter.return_value = MagicMock()
+        response = api_catalog_products(request)
+```
+
+## Mock Patterns
+
+### 1. RequestFactory — Never TestClient
+
+`TestClient` runs `TenantMainMiddleware`, which redirects tenant URLs and breaks
+view tests. Use `RequestFactory` and call the view directly:
+
+```python
+from django.test import RequestFactory
+
+factory = RequestFactory()
+
+# GET request
+request = factory.get("/pos/api/products/")
+request.user = mock_user
+
+# POST request with JSON
+request = factory.post(
+    "/pos/api/cart/add/",
+    data=json.dumps({"product_id": 1, "quantity": 2}),
+    content_type="application/json"
+)
+request.user = mock_user
+
+# Call the view directly — no middleware
+response = api_search_products(request)
+```
+
+### 2. Bypass Access Decorators
+
+`require_pos_access` and `require_manager_access` check `EmployeeProfile`
+(tenant app). Bypass with `is_superuser`:
+
+```python
+# The decorator does:
+# def require_pos_access(view):
+#     def wrapper(request, *args, **kwargs):
+#         if not request.user.is_superuser:
+#             emp = EmployeeProfile.objects.get(user=request.user)
+#             if not emp.has_pos_access:
+#                 return JsonResponse({"error": "No access"}, status=403)
+#         return view(request, *args, **kwargs)
+
+mock_user = MagicMock()
+mock_user.is_authenticated = True
+mock_user.is_superuser = True  # Skip EmployeeProfile lookup
+
+request.user = mock_user
+```
+
+### 3. FakeSession Pattern
+
+Carts and session-dependent views need a writable session dict:
+
+```python
+class FakeSession(dict):
+    modified = False
+
+    def save(self):
+        pass
+
+request.session = FakeSession()
+request.session["pos_cart"] = {}
+```
+
+### 4. MagicMock.DoesNotExist Trap
+
+`except Model.DoesNotExist` won't catch a plain `MagicMock`. Create a real
+exception class:
+
+```python
+# When mocking a model
+mock_cart = MagicMock()
+mock_cart.DoesNotExist = type("DoesNotExist", (Exception,), {})
+
+with pytest.raises(mock_cart.DoesNotExist):
+    TemporalCart.objects.get(session_key=...)
+```
+
+### 5. MagicMock name= Trap
+
+`MagicMock(name="X")` sets the internal repr, NOT the `.name` attribute:
+
+```python
+# WRONG — .name will be a MagicMock, not "Papel A4"
+mock = MagicMock(name="Papel A4")
+print(mock.name)  # <MagicMock name='Papel A4'>
+
+# CORRECT
+mock = MagicMock()
+mock.name = "Papel A4"
+mock.price = "1500.00"
+```
+
+### 6. Queryset Chain Mocking
+
+Mock each chained call explicitly:
+
+```python
+def _setup_product_mock(mock_product_model, product_data=None):
+    """Setup complete Product mock with chained queryset."""
+    mock_qs = MagicMock()
+
+    # Each method in the chain returns the same mock
+    mock_product_model.objects.filter.return_value = mock_qs
+    mock_qs.select_related.return_value = mock_qs
+    mock_qs.annotate.return_value = mock_qs
+    mock_qs.order_by.return_value = mock_qs
+    mock_qs.__getitem__ = lambda self, s: [mock_product] if isinstance(s, slice) else mock_product
+    mock_qs.count.return_value = 1
+
+    return mock_qs
+```
+
+### 7. Mock Model with Real Data
+
+```python
+def _create_mock_product(product_id=1, name="Test Product", price="1000.00"):
+    mock = MagicMock()
+    mock.id = product_id
+    mock.name = name
+    mock.price = price
+    mock.is_active = True
+    mock.stock = 10
+    mock.is_service = False
+    mock.category_id = 1
+    mock.__str__ = lambda self: self.name
+    return mock
+```
+
+## File Structure
+
+```
+apps/{app}/tests.py          # simple apps, one file
+apps/{app}/tests/__init__.py # complex apps
+apps/{app}/tests/test_{feature}.py
+```
+
+### Section Separators
+
+```python
+# ── TestClassName ────────────────────────────────────────
+```
+
+### Module Docstring
+
+Every test file must explain the multi-tenant constraint:
+
+```python
+"""
+Tests for catalog API.
+
+NOTE: catalog models are TENANT_APP — they live in per-store schemas.
+The test runner uses the public schema, so these tables don't exist.
+All tests use SimpleTestCase + mocks.
+"""
+```
+
+### Naming Conventions
+
+- `_make_{thing}()` — builds a request or object
+- `_build_{thing}()` — constructs data structures
+- `_setup_{thing}_mock()` — configures a mock for reuse
+
+## Test Types
+
+### 1. API/View Tests
+
+```python
+class TestProductSearch(SimpleTestCase):
+    """Tests for POS product search."""
+
+    def _make_request(self, query="", offset=0, limit=20):
+        factory = RequestFactory()
+        request = factory.get(f"/pos/api/search/?q={query}&offset={offset}&limit={limit}")
+        request.user = MagicMock()
+        request.user.is_authenticated = True
+        request.user.is_superuser = True
+        return request
+
+    @patch("apps.pos.views.Product")
+    def test_search_returns_results(self, mock_product):
+        mock_product_obj = _create_mock_product(name="Lápices")
+        mock_qs = MagicMock()
+        mock_qs.select_related.return_value = mock_qs
+        mock_qs.annotate.return_value = mock_qs
+        mock_qs.filter.return_value = mock_qs
+        mock_qs.__getitem__ = lambda self, s: [mock_product_obj] if isinstance(s, slice) else mock_product_obj
+        mock_product.objects.filter.return_value = mock_qs
+
+        request = self._make_request(query="lápices")
+        response = api_search_products(request)
+
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+        data = json.loads(response.content)
+        self.assertIn("results", data)
+```
+
+### 2. Service Tests
+
+```python
+class TestCartOperations(SimpleTestCase):
+    """Tests for cart operations."""
+
+    def _build_cart_data(self, items):
+        """Build cart data as it arrives from request."""
+        return {str(k): {"quantity": v["quantity"], "price": str(v["price"])}
+                for k, v in items.items()}
+
+    @patch("apps.pos.services.CartService.get_products_from_db")
+    def test_calculate_total(self, mock_get_products):
+        mock_get_products.return_value = {
+            1: _create_mock_product(price="1000.00"),
+            2: _create_mock_product(price="2500.00"),
+        }
+
+        cart_data = self._build_cart_data({1: {"quantity": 2}, 2: {"quantity": 1}})
+        total = CartService.calculate_total(cart_data)
+
+        self.assertEqual(total, Decimal("4500.00"))
+```
+
+### 3. PDF Generation Tests
+
+```python
+class TestRestockPDF(SimpleTestCase):
+    """Tests for restock PDF generation."""
+
+    def test_pdf_generates_correct_content(self):
+        products = [
+            {"name": "Product 1", "sku": "SKU001", "stock": 5, "min_stock": 10},
+            {"name": "Product 2", "sku": "SKU002", "stock": 0, "min_stock": 5},
+        ]
+
+        pdf_bytes = generate_restock_pdf("Test Store", products)
+
+        # Verify it's a valid PDF
+        self.assertTrue(pdf_bytes.startswith(b"%PDF"))
+```
+
+## Testing Commands
+
+```bash
+# Run all tests
+make tests
+
+# Run a single file
+uv run pytest apps/pos/tests/test_cart_checkout.py
+
+# Run a single test
+uv run pytest apps/pos/tests/test_cart_checkout.py::TestCartCheckout::test_checkout_success -v
+
+# Force fresh DB (after schema changes)
+uv run pytest --create-db
+
+# With coverage
+make tests-coverage
+
+# Run with verbose output
+uv run pytest -v --tb=short
+
+# Run only failed tests from last run
+uv run pytest --lf
+```
+
+## pytest Configuration
+
+In `pyproject.toml`:
+
+```toml
+[tool.pytest.ini_options]
+DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE = "config.settings"
+python_files = ["test_*.py", "*_test.py"]
+python_classes = ["Test*"]
+python_functions = ["test_*"]
+addopts = "--reuse-db --nomigrations -x"
+testpaths = ["apps"]
+```
+
+## Common Errors
+
+### Error: "no such table"
+
+```python
+# CAUSE: TestCase for tenant app model
+# SOLUTION: SimpleTestCase + mocks
+
+# WRONG
+class TestProduct(TestCase):
+    def test_create(self):
+        Product.objects.create(name="Test")
+
+# CORRECT
+class TestProduct(SimpleTestCase):
+    @patch("apps.catalog.models.Product")
+    def test_create(self, mock_product):
+        mock_product.objects.create.return_value = MagicMock(id=1)
+```
+
+### Error: "relation does not exist"
+
+Same as above — schema mismatch between test and tenant.
+
+### Mocking transaction.atomic
+
+```python
+from unittest.mock import patch, MagicMock
+
+@patch("django.db.transaction.atomic")
+def test_order_creation(self, mock_atomic):
+    # transaction.atomic as context manager
+    mock_context = MagicMock()
+    mock_atomic.return_value = mock_context
+
+    # Code uses "with transaction.atomic()"
+    # Mock must support context protocol
+```
+
+## Resources
+
+- **Canonical queryset mock**: `apps/pos/tests/test_search_products.py`
+- **FakeSession + transaction mock**: `apps/pos/tests/test_cart_checkout.py`
+- **DoesNotExist + MagicMock.name traps**:
+  `apps/pos/tests/test_temporal_cart.py`
+- **Multi-decorator bypass**: `apps/catalog/tests/test_api_catalog_products.py`
+- **pytest config**: `pyproject.toml` → `[tool.pytest.ini_options]`
+- **pytest-django docs**: <https://pytest-django.readthedocs.io/>