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package/presets/codex/skills/spring-boot-feature/SKILL.md

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+---
+id: spring-boot-feature
+version: 1.0.0
+name: Spring Boot Feature Creation
+description:
+  Guides the creation of complete Spring Boot features following a structured,
+  layer-by-layer workflow entity, repository, service, controller, and tests.
+  Applies Kotlin idioms, Bean Validation, and MockK test patterns throughout.
+
+compatibility:
+  tools: [claude, codex, opencode]
+  stacks:
+    languages: [kotlin]
+    frameworks: [spring-boot, spring-mvc, spring-data-jpa, mockk, junit5]
+    databases: [postgresql, h2]
+
+risk:
+  level: medium
+  can_execute_shell: false
+  can_modify_files: true
+  requires_network: false
+
+inputs:
+  - feature description
+  - existing domain context (if any)
+  - build.gradle.kts
+  - application.yml
+
+outputs:
+  - domain entity
+  - JPA repository interface
+  - service class with business logic
+  - REST controller with validations
+  - request/response DTOs
+  - unit tests (MockK)
+  - controller integration tests (MockMvc)
+
+quality:
+  reviewed_by: codeconductor-core
+  version: 0.1.0
+---
+
+# Spring Boot Feature Creation
+
+When asked to create a feature, follow these steps **in order**. Do not skip
+steps or combine layers. Each layer has a single responsibility.
+
+**When to ask questions:** Only ask when there is genuine ambiguity in business
+logic — for example, what happens when a duplicate is found, or whether soft
+delete is required. Do not ask about technical choices (naming, package
+structure, framework configuration) — apply the conventions in this skill.
+
+---
+
+## Step 1 — Entity + Repository
+
+Create the JPA entity and its repository before any other layer.
+
+### Entity
+
+```kotlin
+@Entity
+@Table(
+    name = "orders",
+    indexes = [Index(columnList = "customer_id")]
+)
+class Order(
+    @Id
+    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.UUID)
+    val id: UUID = UUID.randomUUID(),
+
+    @Column(name = "customer_id", nullable = false)
+    val customerId: UUID,
+
+    @Column(name = "status", nullable = false)
+    @Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)
+    var status: OrderStatus = OrderStatus.PENDING,
+
+    @Column(name = "total_amount", nullable = false)
+    var totalAmount: BigDecimal,
+
+    @Column(name = "created_at", nullable = false, updatable = false)
+    @CreatedDate
+    val createdAt: Instant = Instant.now(),
+
+    @Column(name = "updated_at", nullable = false)
+    @LastModifiedDate
+    var updatedAt: Instant = Instant.now()
+)
+
+enum class OrderStatus { PENDING, CONFIRMED, CANCELLED }
+```
+
+Rules:
+
+- `@Table` with explicit `name` — never rely on inferred table names
+- `@Column(nullable = false)` always explicit for non-nullable fields
+- UUID primary keys with `GenerationType.UUID`
+- Enums stored as `STRING`, not `ORDINAL`
+- Include `createdAt` and `updatedAt` on every entity
+- Never use `data class` for JPA entities — Hibernate requires a no-arg
+  constructor and mutable state; use `class`
+- `equals`/`hashCode` based on `id` only, or omit (reference equality is safe
+  for JPA entities when managed by the same `EntityManager`)
+
+### Repository
+
+```kotlin
+@Repository
+interface OrderRepository : JpaRepository<Order, UUID> {
+    fun findByCustomerId(customerId: UUID): List<Order>
+    fun findByCustomerIdAndStatus(customerId: UUID, status: OrderStatus): List<Order>
+    fun existsByCustomerIdAndStatus(customerId: UUID, status: OrderStatus): Boolean
+
+    @Query("SELECT o FROM Order o WHERE o.status = :status AND o.createdAt < :before")
+    fun findExpiredPending(
+        @Param("status") status: OrderStatus,
+        @Param("before") before: Instant
+    ): List<Order>
+}
+```
+
+Rules:
+
+- Extend `JpaRepository<Entity, IdType>`
+- Use derived query method names for simple conditions
+- Use `@Query` with JPQL for joins, multi-condition queries, or aggregations
+- Use native SQL only when JPQL cannot express it — add `nativeQuery = true`
+- Never add `@Transactional` to repository methods — Spring Data handles it
+
+---
+
+## Step 2 — Service
+
+The service is the single owner of all business logic. No logic in controllers,
+no logic in repositories.
+
+```kotlin
+@Service
+@Transactional
+class OrderService(
+    private val orderRepository: OrderRepository,
+    private val customerRepository: CustomerRepository
+) {
+
+    @Transactional(readOnly = true)
+    fun getById(id: UUID): Order =
+        orderRepository.findById(id).orElseThrow { OrderNotFoundException(id) }
+
+    @Transactional(readOnly = true)
+    fun listByCustomer(customerId: UUID): List<Order> =
+        orderRepository.findByCustomerId(customerId)
+
+    fun create(customerId: UUID, request: CreateOrderRequest): Order {
+        if (!customerRepository.existsById(customerId)) {
+            throw CustomerNotFoundException(customerId)
+        }
+        val order = Order(
+            customerId = customerId,
+            totalAmount = request.totalAmount
+        )
+        return orderRepository.save(order)
+    }
+
+    fun cancel(id: UUID): Order {
+        val order = getById(id)
+        if (order.status == OrderStatus.CANCELLED) {
+            throw OrderAlreadyCancelledException(id)
+        }
+        order.status = OrderStatus.CANCELLED
+        return orderRepository.save(order)
+    }
+}
+```
+
+Rules:
+
+- `@Transactional` at class level — applies to all public methods
+- `readOnly = true` on read-only methods — prevents dirty checking, faster
+- Never put `@Transactional` on private methods — Spring proxies cannot
+  intercept them
+- Throw typed domain exceptions — never `RuntimeException` or `Exception`
+  directly
+- Never inject repositories into controllers — only services cross that boundary
+
+### Domain Exceptions
+
+Define typed exceptions per feature:
+
+```kotlin
+class OrderNotFoundException(id: UUID) :
+    RuntimeException("Order not found: $id")
+
+class OrderAlreadyCancelledException(id: UUID) :
+    RuntimeException("Order already cancelled: $id")
+
+class CustomerNotFoundException(id: UUID) :
+    RuntimeException("Customer not found: $id")
+```
+
+---
+
+## Step 3 — Controller + DTOs
+
+The controller translates HTTP into service calls. No business logic here.
+
+### DTOs
+
+Define request and response data classes with Bean Validation annotations:
+
+```kotlin
+data class CreateOrderRequest(
+    @field:NotNull(message = "totalAmount is required")
+    @field:DecimalMin(value = "0.01", message = "totalAmount must be greater than zero")
+    val totalAmount: BigDecimal
+)
+
+data class OrderResponse(
+    val id: UUID,
+    val customerId: UUID,
+    val status: String,
+    val totalAmount: BigDecimal,
+    val createdAt: Instant
+)
+
+fun Order.toResponse(): OrderResponse = OrderResponse(
+    id = id,
+    customerId = customerId,
+    status = status.name,
+    totalAmount = totalAmount,
+    createdAt = createdAt
+)
+```
+
+Rules for DTOs:
+
+- Use `data class` — immutable, no `@Entity`
+- Use `@field:` prefix on validation annotations — Kotlin applies annotations to
+  the property by default, not the backing field; Spring reads the field
+- Define a `toResponse()` extension function on the entity — do not expose
+  entities directly in responses
+- Never return `@Entity` from a controller method
+
+### Controller
+
+```kotlin
+@RestController
+@RequestMapping("/api/v1/customers/{customerId}/orders")
+class OrderController(private val orderService: OrderService) {
+
+    @GetMapping
+    fun list(@PathVariable customerId: UUID): ResponseEntity<List<OrderResponse>> =
+        ResponseEntity.ok(orderService.listByCustomer(customerId).map { it.toResponse() })
+
+    @GetMapping("/{id}")
+    fun get(
+        @PathVariable customerId: UUID,
+        @PathVariable id: UUID
+    ): ResponseEntity<OrderResponse> =
+        ResponseEntity.ok(orderService.getById(id).toResponse())
+
+    @PostMapping
+    fun create(
+        @PathVariable customerId: UUID,
+        @Valid @RequestBody request: CreateOrderRequest
+    ): ResponseEntity<OrderResponse> {
+        val order = orderService.create(customerId, request)
+        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.CREATED).body(order.toResponse())
+    }
+
+    @DeleteMapping("/{id}/cancel")
+    fun cancel(
+        @PathVariable customerId: UUID,
+        @PathVariable id: UUID
+    ): ResponseEntity<OrderResponse> =
+        ResponseEntity.ok(orderService.cancel(id).toResponse())
+}
+```
+
+Rules:
+
+- One controller per feature
+- `@Valid` on every `@RequestBody` parameter
+- Return `ResponseEntity<T>` — explicit HTTP status control
+- No try/catch in controllers — use `GlobalExceptionHandler`
+- Map entities to DTOs before returning — never return the entity itself
+
+### Global Exception Handler
+
+Add new exception mappings to the existing `GlobalExceptionHandler`. Do not
+create a second one.
+
+```kotlin
+@ControllerAdvice
+class GlobalExceptionHandler {
+
+    @ExceptionHandler(OrderNotFoundException::class)
+    fun handleOrderNotFound(ex: OrderNotFoundException): ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> =
+        ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND)
+            .body(ErrorResponse(error = ex.message ?: "Order not found", code = "ORDER_NOT_FOUND"))
+
+    @ExceptionHandler(OrderAlreadyCancelledException::class)
+    fun handleAlreadyCancelled(ex: OrderAlreadyCancelledException): ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> =
+        ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.CONFLICT)
+            .body(ErrorResponse(error = ex.message ?: "Order already cancelled", code = "ORDER_ALREADY_CANCELLED"))
+
+    @ExceptionHandler(MethodArgumentNotValidException::class)
+    fun handleValidation(ex: MethodArgumentNotValidException): ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> {
+        val message = ex.bindingResult.fieldErrors
+            .joinToString(", ") { "${it.field}: ${it.defaultMessage}" }
+        return ResponseEntity.badRequest()
+            .body(ErrorResponse(error = message, code = "VALIDATION_ERROR"))
+    }
+}
+
+data class ErrorResponse(val error: String, val code: String)
+```
+
+---
+
+## Step 4 — Tests with MockK
+
+Write three test classes per feature: unit tests for the service, controller
+tests with MockMvc, and repository tests with `@DataJpaTest`.
+
+### Service Unit Tests (MockK)
+
+```kotlin
+@ExtendWith(MockKExtension::class)
+class OrderServiceTest {
+
+    @MockK
+    private lateinit var orderRepository: OrderRepository
+
+    @MockK
+    private lateinit var customerRepository: CustomerRepository
+
+    private lateinit var orderService: OrderService
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    fun setUp() {
+        orderService = OrderService(orderRepository, customerRepository)
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    inner class Create {
+
+        @Test
+        fun `should create order when customer exists`() {
+            // Arrange
+            val customerId = UUID.randomUUID()
+            val request = CreateOrderRequest(totalAmount = BigDecimal("99.99"))
+            val savedOrder = Order(customerId = customerId, totalAmount = request.totalAmount)
+            every { customerRepository.existsById(customerId) } returns true
+            every { orderRepository.save(any()) } returns savedOrder
+
+            // Act
+            val result = orderService.create(customerId, request)
+
+            // Assert
+            assertThat(result.customerId).isEqualTo(customerId)
+            assertThat(result.totalAmount).isEqualByComparingTo(BigDecimal("99.99"))
+            verify(exactly = 1) { orderRepository.save(any()) }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        fun `should throw CustomerNotFoundException when customer does not exist`() {
+            // Arrange
+            val customerId = UUID.randomUUID()
+            every { customerRepository.existsById(customerId) } returns false
+
+            // Act + Assert
+            assertThrows<CustomerNotFoundException> {
+                orderService.create(customerId, CreateOrderRequest(totalAmount = BigDecimal("10.00")))
+            }
+            verify(exactly = 0) { orderRepository.save(any()) }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nested
+    inner class Cancel {
+
+        @Test
+        fun `should cancel order when status is PENDING`() {
+            // Arrange
+            val order = Order(customerId = UUID.randomUUID(), totalAmount = BigDecimal("50.00"))
+            every { orderRepository.findById(order.id) } returns Optional.of(order)
+            every { orderRepository.save(any()) } answers { firstArg() }
+
+            // Act
+            val result = orderService.cancel(order.id)
+
+            // Assert
+            assertThat(result.status).isEqualTo(OrderStatus.CANCELLED)
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        fun `should throw OrderAlreadyCancelledException when order is already cancelled`() {
+            // Arrange
+            val order = Order(
+                customerId = UUID.randomUUID(),
+                totalAmount = BigDecimal("50.00"),
+                status = OrderStatus.CANCELLED
+            )
+            every { orderRepository.findById(order.id) } returns Optional.of(order)
+
+            // Act + Assert
+            assertThrows<OrderAlreadyCancelledException> {
+                orderService.cancel(order.id)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Controller Tests (MockMvc)
+
+```kotlin
+@SpringBootTest
+@AutoConfigureMockMvc
+class OrderControllerTest {
+
+    @Autowired
+    private lateinit var mockMvc: MockMvc
+
+    @Autowired
+    private lateinit var objectMapper: ObjectMapper
+
+    @MockkBean
+    private lateinit var orderService: OrderService
+
+    @Test
+    fun `should return 201 and created order when request is valid`() {
+        // Arrange
+        val customerId = UUID.randomUUID()
+        val order = Order(customerId = customerId, totalAmount = BigDecimal("99.99"))
+        every { orderService.create(customerId, any()) } returns order
+
+        val body = mapOf("totalAmount" to "99.99")
+
+        // Act + Assert
+        mockMvc.perform(
+            post("/api/v1/customers/$customerId/orders")
+                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
+                .content(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(body))
+        )
+            .andExpect(status().isCreated)
+            .andExpect(jsonPath("$.customerId").value(customerId.toString()))
+            .andExpect(jsonPath("$.status").value("PENDING"))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `should return 400 when totalAmount is missing`() {
+        mockMvc.perform(
+            post("/api/v1/customers/${UUID.randomUUID()}/orders")
+                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
+                .content("{}")
+        )
+            .andExpect(status().isBadRequest)
+            .andExpect(jsonPath("$.code").value("VALIDATION_ERROR"))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `should return 404 when order is not found`() {
+        val customerId = UUID.randomUUID()
+        val orderId = UUID.randomUUID()
+        every { orderService.getById(orderId) } throws OrderNotFoundException(orderId)
+
+        mockMvc.perform(get("/api/v1/customers/$customerId/orders/$orderId"))
+            .andExpect(status().isNotFound)
+            .andExpect(jsonPath("$.code").value("ORDER_NOT_FOUND"))
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Repository Tests
+
+```kotlin
+@DataJpaTest
+class OrderRepositoryTest {
+
+    @Autowired
+    private lateinit var orderRepository: OrderRepository
+
+    @Test
+    fun `should find orders by customer id`() {
+        // Arrange
+        val customerId = UUID.randomUUID()
+        orderRepository.save(Order(customerId = customerId, totalAmount = BigDecimal("10.00")))
+        orderRepository.save(Order(customerId = UUID.randomUUID(), totalAmount = BigDecimal("20.00")))
+
+        // Act
+        val result = orderRepository.findByCustomerId(customerId)
+
+        // Assert
+        assertThat(result).hasSize(1)
+        assertThat(result.first().customerId).isEqualTo(customerId)
+    }
+}
+```
+
+MockK rules:
+
+- Use `@ExtendWith(MockKExtension::class)` — not `@MockBean` for unit tests
+- Use `@MockkBean` (MockK Spring integration) only in `@SpringBootTest` context
+- `every { }` for stubbing, `verify { }` for verification
+- `answers { firstArg() }` to return the argument passed to `save()`
+- `verify(exactly = 0) { }` to assert a method was never called
+- Never use `relaxed = true` unless you genuinely do not care about any return
+  value
+- Test names: `should [expected outcome] when [condition]`
+- Test structure: Arrange / Act / Assert, separated by blank lines
+
+---
+
+## Step 5 — When to Ask
+
+Only pause to ask when there is genuine ambiguity in business logic. Do not ask
+about technical choices — apply the conventions in this skill.
+
+**Ask when:**
+
+- The feature description does not specify what happens on conflict (duplicate,
+  constraint violation, concurrent modification)
+- It is unclear whether delete means hard delete or soft delete
+- Authorization rules are not specified and cannot be inferred from context
+- A domain invariant is referenced but not defined (e.g., "validate the order"
+  without specifying which fields or rules)
+
+**Do not ask about:**
+
+- Package structure — always feature-oriented MVC
+- Naming conventions — follow the existing codebase
+- Whether to use MockK or Mockito — always MockK
+- Whether to add `@Transactional` — always at the service class level
+- Whether to validate at controller or service — always at DTO layer
+
+---
+
+## Package Structure
+
+Always feature-oriented. One package per feature, not one package per layer.
+
+```
+src/main/kotlin/{base-package}/{feature}/
+  controller/     # HTTP only — OrderController, DTOs, toResponse() extensions
+  service/        # Business logic — OrderService, domain exceptions
+  repository/     # Data access — OrderRepository
+  domain/         # JPA entities — Order, OrderStatus
+
+src/test/kotlin/{base-package}/{feature}/
+  controller/     # OrderControllerTest (MockMvc)
+  service/        # OrderServiceTest (MockK)
+  repository/     # OrderRepositoryTest (@DataJpaTest)
+```
+
+Never create `src/main/kotlin/controllers/`, `src/main/kotlin/services/`, etc.
+Layer-first structure does not scale and breaks feature cohesion.