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package/skills/web/deployment-patterns/SKILL.md

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+---
+name: deployment-patterns
+description: Deployment workflows, CI/CD pipeline patterns, Docker containerization, health checks, rollback strategies, and production readiness checklists for web applications.
+origin: ECC
+---
+
+# Deployment Patterns
+
+Production deployment workflows and CI/CD best practices.
+
+## When to Activate
+
+- Setting up CI/CD pipelines
+- Dockerizing an application
+- Planning deployment strategy (blue-green, canary, rolling)
+- Implementing health checks and readiness probes
+- Preparing for a production release
+- Configuring environment-specific settings
+
+## Deployment Strategies
+
+### Rolling Deployment (Default)
+
+Replace instances gradually — old and new versions run simultaneously during rollout.
+
+```
+Instance 1: v1 → v2  (update first)
+Instance 2: v1        (still running v1)
+Instance 3: v1        (still running v1)
+
+Instance 1: v2
+Instance 2: v1 → v2  (update second)
+Instance 3: v1
+
+Instance 1: v2
+Instance 2: v2
+Instance 3: v1 → v2  (update last)
+```
+
+**Pros:** Zero downtime, gradual rollout
+**Cons:** Two versions run simultaneously — requires backward-compatible changes
+**Use when:** Standard deployments, backward-compatible changes
+
+### Blue-Green Deployment
+
+Run two identical environments. Switch traffic atomically.
+
+```
+Blue  (v1) ← traffic
+Green (v2)   idle, running new version
+
+# After verification:
+Blue  (v1)   idle (becomes standby)
+Green (v2) ← traffic
+```
+
+**Pros:** Instant rollback (switch back to blue), clean cutover
+**Cons:** Requires 2x infrastructure during deployment
+**Use when:** Critical services, zero-tolerance for issues
+
+### Canary Deployment
+
+Route a small percentage of traffic to the new version first.
+
+```
+v1: 95% of traffic
+v2:  5% of traffic  (canary)
+
+# If metrics look good:
+v1: 50% of traffic
+v2: 50% of traffic
+
+# Final:
+v2: 100% of traffic
+```
+
+**Pros:** Catches issues with real traffic before full rollout
+**Cons:** Requires traffic splitting infrastructure, monitoring
+**Use when:** High-traffic services, risky changes, feature flags
+
+## Docker
+
+### Multi-Stage Dockerfile (Node.js)
+
+```dockerfile
+# Stage 1: Install dependencies
+FROM node:22-alpine AS deps
+WORKDIR /app
+COPY package.json package-lock.json ./
+RUN npm ci --production=false
+
+# Stage 2: Build
+FROM node:22-alpine AS builder
+WORKDIR /app
+COPY --from=deps /app/node_modules ./node_modules
+COPY . .
+RUN npm run build
+RUN npm prune --production
+
+# Stage 3: Production image
+FROM node:22-alpine AS runner
+WORKDIR /app
+
+RUN addgroup -g 1001 -S appgroup && adduser -S appuser -u 1001
+USER appuser
+
+COPY --from=builder --chown=appuser:appgroup /app/node_modules ./node_modules
+COPY --from=builder --chown=appuser:appgroup /app/dist ./dist
+COPY --from=builder --chown=appuser:appgroup /app/package.json ./
+
+ENV NODE_ENV=production
+EXPOSE 3000
+
+HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --start-period=5s --retries=3 \
+  CMD wget --no-verbose --tries=1 --spider http://localhost:3000/health || exit 1
+
+CMD ["node", "dist/server.js"]
+```
+
+### Multi-Stage Dockerfile (Go)
+
+```dockerfile
+FROM golang:1.22-alpine AS builder
+WORKDIR /app
+COPY go.mod go.sum ./
+RUN go mod download
+COPY . .
+RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -ldflags="-s -w" -o /server ./cmd/server
+
+FROM alpine:3.19 AS runner
+RUN apk --no-cache add ca-certificates
+RUN adduser -D -u 1001 appuser
+USER appuser
+
+COPY --from=builder /server /server
+
+EXPOSE 8080
+HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s CMD wget -qO- http://localhost:8080/health || exit 1
+CMD ["/server"]
+```
+
+### Multi-Stage Dockerfile (Python/Django)
+
+```dockerfile
+FROM python:3.12-slim AS builder
+WORKDIR /app
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir uv
+COPY requirements.txt .
+RUN uv pip install --system --no-cache -r requirements.txt
+
+FROM python:3.12-slim AS runner
+WORKDIR /app
+
+RUN useradd -r -u 1001 appuser
+USER appuser
+
+COPY --from=builder /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages
+COPY --from=builder /usr/local/bin /usr/local/bin
+COPY . .
+
+ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
+EXPOSE 8000
+
+HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s CMD python -c "import urllib.request; urllib.request.urlopen('http://localhost:8000/health/')" || exit 1
+CMD ["gunicorn", "config.wsgi:application", "--bind", "0.0.0.0:8000", "--workers", "4"]
+```
+
+### Docker Best Practices
+
+```
+# GOOD practices
+- Use specific version tags (node:22-alpine, not node:latest)
+- Multi-stage builds to minimize image size
+- Run as non-root user
+- Copy dependency files first (layer caching)
+- Use .dockerignore to exclude node_modules, .git, tests
+- Add HEALTHCHECK instruction
+- Set resource limits in docker-compose or k8s
+
+# BAD practices
+- Running as root
+- Using :latest tags
+- Copying entire repo in one COPY layer
+- Installing dev dependencies in production image
+- Storing secrets in image (use env vars or secrets manager)
+```
+
+## CI/CD Pipeline
+
+### GitHub Actions (Standard Pipeline)
+
+```yaml
+name: CI/CD
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [main]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [main]
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version: 22
+          cache: npm
+      - run: npm ci
+      - run: npm run lint
+      - run: npm run typecheck
+      - run: npm test -- --coverage
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        if: always()
+        with:
+          name: coverage
+          path: coverage/
+
+  build:
+    needs: test
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+      - uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        with:
+          registry: ghcr.io
+          username: ${{ github.actor }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
+        with:
+          push: true
+          tags: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}:${{ github.sha }}
+          cache-from: type=gha
+          cache-to: type=gha,mode=max
+
+  deploy:
+    needs: build
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
+    environment: production
+    steps:
+      - name: Deploy to production
+        run: |
+          # Platform-specific deployment command
+          # Railway: railway up
+          # Vercel: vercel --prod
+          # K8s: kubectl set image deployment/app app=ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}:${{ github.sha }}
+          echo "Deploying ${{ github.sha }}"
+```
+
+### Pipeline Stages
+
+```
+PR opened:
+  lint → typecheck → unit tests → integration tests → preview deploy
+
+Merged to main:
+  lint → typecheck → unit tests → integration tests → build image → deploy staging → smoke tests → deploy production
+```
+
+## Health Checks
+
+### Health Check Endpoint
+
+```typescript
+// Simple health check
+app.get("/health", (req, res) => {
+  res.status(200).json({ status: "ok" });
+});
+
+// Detailed health check (for internal monitoring)
+app.get("/health/detailed", async (req, res) => {
+  const checks = {
+    database: await checkDatabase(),
+    redis: await checkRedis(),
+    externalApi: await checkExternalApi(),
+  };
+
+  const allHealthy = Object.values(checks).every(c => c.status === "ok");
+
+  res.status(allHealthy ? 200 : 503).json({
+    status: allHealthy ? "ok" : "degraded",
+    timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
+    version: process.env.APP_VERSION || "unknown",
+    uptime: process.uptime(),
+    checks,
+  });
+});
+
+async function checkDatabase(): Promise<HealthCheck> {
+  try {
+    await db.query("SELECT 1");
+    return { status: "ok", latency_ms: 2 };
+  } catch (err) {
+    return { status: "error", message: "Database unreachable" };
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Kubernetes Probes
+
+```yaml
+livenessProbe:
+  httpGet:
+    path: /health
+    port: 3000
+  initialDelaySeconds: 10
+  periodSeconds: 30
+  failureThreshold: 3
+
+readinessProbe:
+  httpGet:
+    path: /health
+    port: 3000
+  initialDelaySeconds: 5
+  periodSeconds: 10
+  failureThreshold: 2
+
+startupProbe:
+  httpGet:
+    path: /health
+    port: 3000
+  initialDelaySeconds: 0
+  periodSeconds: 5
+  failureThreshold: 30    # 30 * 5s = 150s max startup time
+```
+
+## Environment Configuration
+
+### Twelve-Factor App Pattern
+
+```bash
+# All config via environment variables — never in code
+DATABASE_URL=postgres://user:pass@host:5432/db
+REDIS_URL=redis://host:6379/0
+API_KEY=${API_KEY}           # injected by secrets manager
+LOG_LEVEL=info
+PORT=3000
+
+# Environment-specific behavior
+NODE_ENV=production          # or staging, development
+APP_ENV=production           # explicit app environment
+```
+
+### Configuration Validation
+
+```typescript
+import { z } from "zod";
+
+const envSchema = z.object({
+  NODE_ENV: z.enum(["development", "staging", "production"]),
+  PORT: z.coerce.number().default(3000),
+  DATABASE_URL: z.string().url(),
+  REDIS_URL: z.string().url(),
+  JWT_SECRET: z.string().min(32),
+  LOG_LEVEL: z.enum(["debug", "info", "warn", "error"]).default("info"),
+});
+
+// Validate at startup — fail fast if config is wrong
+export const env = envSchema.parse(process.env);
+```
+
+## Rollback Strategy
+
+### Instant Rollback
+
+```bash
+# Docker/Kubernetes: point to previous image
+kubectl rollout undo deployment/app
+
+# Vercel: promote previous deployment
+vercel rollback
+
+# Railway: redeploy previous commit
+railway up --commit <previous-sha>
+
+# Database: rollback migration (if reversible)
+npx prisma migrate resolve --rolled-back <migration-name>
+```
+
+### Rollback Checklist
+
+- [ ] Previous image/artifact is available and tagged
+- [ ] Database migrations are backward-compatible (no destructive changes)
+- [ ] Feature flags can disable new features without deploy
+- [ ] Monitoring alerts configured for error rate spikes
+- [ ] Rollback tested in staging before production release
+
+## Production Readiness Checklist
+
+Before any production deployment:
+
+### Application
+- [ ] All tests pass (unit, integration, E2E)
+- [ ] No hardcoded secrets in code or config files
+- [ ] Error handling covers all edge cases
+- [ ] Logging is structured (JSON) and does not contain PII
+- [ ] Health check endpoint returns meaningful status
+
+### Infrastructure
+- [ ] Docker image builds reproducibly (pinned versions)
+- [ ] Environment variables documented and validated at startup
+- [ ] Resource limits set (CPU, memory)
+- [ ] Horizontal scaling configured (min/max instances)
+- [ ] SSL/TLS enabled on all endpoints
+
+### Monitoring
+- [ ] Application metrics exported (request rate, latency, errors)
+- [ ] Alerts configured for error rate > threshold
+- [ ] Log aggregation set up (structured logs, searchable)
+- [ ] Uptime monitoring on health endpoint
+
+### Security
+- [ ] Dependencies scanned for CVEs
+- [ ] CORS configured for allowed origins only
+- [ ] Rate limiting enabled on public endpoints
+- [ ] Authentication and authorization verified
+- [ ] Security headers set (CSP, HSTS, X-Frame-Options)
+
+### Operations
+- [ ] Rollback plan documented and tested
+- [ ] Database migration tested against production-sized data
+- [ ] Runbook for common failure scenarios
+- [ ] On-call rotation and escalation path defined