aw-ecc 1.4.21

package/skills/golang-testing/SKILL.md

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+---
+name: golang-testing
+description: Go testing patterns including table-driven tests, subtests, benchmarks, fuzzing, and test coverage. Follows TDD methodology with idiomatic Go practices.
+origin: ECC
+---
+
+# Go Testing Patterns
+
+Comprehensive Go testing patterns for writing reliable, maintainable tests following TDD methodology.
+
+## When to Activate
+
+- Writing new Go functions or methods
+- Adding test coverage to existing code
+- Creating benchmarks for performance-critical code
+- Implementing fuzz tests for input validation
+- Following TDD workflow in Go projects
+
+## TDD Workflow for Go
+
+### The RED-GREEN-REFACTOR Cycle
+
+```
+RED     → Write a failing test first
+GREEN   → Write minimal code to pass the test
+REFACTOR → Improve code while keeping tests green
+REPEAT  → Continue with next requirement
+```
+
+### Step-by-Step TDD in Go
+
+```go
+// Step 1: Define the interface/signature
+// calculator.go
+package calculator
+
+func Add(a, b int) int {
+    panic("not implemented") // Placeholder
+}
+
+// Step 2: Write failing test (RED)
+// calculator_test.go
+package calculator
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestAdd(t *testing.T) {
+    got := Add(2, 3)
+    want := 5
+    if got != want {
+        t.Errorf("Add(2, 3) = %d; want %d", got, want)
+    }
+}
+
+// Step 3: Run test - verify FAIL
+// $ go test
+// --- FAIL: TestAdd (0.00s)
+// panic: not implemented
+
+// Step 4: Implement minimal code (GREEN)
+func Add(a, b int) int {
+    return a + b
+}
+
+// Step 5: Run test - verify PASS
+// $ go test
+// PASS
+
+// Step 6: Refactor if needed, verify tests still pass
+```
+
+## Table-Driven Tests
+
+The standard pattern for Go tests. Enables comprehensive coverage with minimal code.
+
+```go
+func TestAdd(t *testing.T) {
+    tests := []struct {
+        name     string
+        a, b     int
+        expected int
+    }{
+        {"positive numbers", 2, 3, 5},
+        {"negative numbers", -1, -2, -3},
+        {"zero values", 0, 0, 0},
+        {"mixed signs", -1, 1, 0},
+        {"large numbers", 1000000, 2000000, 3000000},
+    }
+
+    for _, tt := range tests {
+        t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+            got := Add(tt.a, tt.b)
+            if got != tt.expected {
+                t.Errorf("Add(%d, %d) = %d; want %d",
+                    tt.a, tt.b, got, tt.expected)
+            }
+        })
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Table-Driven Tests with Error Cases
+
+```go
+func TestParseConfig(t *testing.T) {
+    tests := []struct {
+        name    string
+        input   string
+        want    *Config
+        wantErr bool
+    }{
+        {
+            name:  "valid config",
+            input: `{"host": "localhost", "port": 8080}`,
+            want:  &Config{Host: "localhost", Port: 8080},
+        },
+        {
+            name:    "invalid JSON",
+            input:   `{invalid}`,
+            wantErr: true,
+        },
+        {
+            name:    "empty input",
+            input:   "",
+            wantErr: true,
+        },
+        {
+            name:  "minimal config",
+            input: `{}`,
+            want:  &Config{}, // Zero value config
+        },
+    }
+
+    for _, tt := range tests {
+        t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+            got, err := ParseConfig(tt.input)
+
+            if tt.wantErr {
+                if err == nil {
+                    t.Error("expected error, got nil")
+                }
+                return
+            }
+
+            if err != nil {
+                t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+            }
+
+            if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
+                t.Errorf("got %+v; want %+v", got, tt.want)
+            }
+        })
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## Subtests and Sub-benchmarks
+
+### Organizing Related Tests
+
+```go
+func TestUser(t *testing.T) {
+    // Setup shared by all subtests
+    db := setupTestDB(t)
+
+    t.Run("Create", func(t *testing.T) {
+        user := &User{Name: "Alice"}
+        err := db.CreateUser(user)
+        if err != nil {
+            t.Fatalf("CreateUser failed: %v", err)
+        }
+        if user.ID == "" {
+            t.Error("expected user ID to be set")
+        }
+    })
+
+    t.Run("Get", func(t *testing.T) {
+        user, err := db.GetUser("alice-id")
+        if err != nil {
+            t.Fatalf("GetUser failed: %v", err)
+        }
+        if user.Name != "Alice" {
+            t.Errorf("got name %q; want %q", user.Name, "Alice")
+        }
+    })
+
+    t.Run("Update", func(t *testing.T) {
+        // ...
+    })
+
+    t.Run("Delete", func(t *testing.T) {
+        // ...
+    })
+}
+```
+
+### Parallel Subtests
+
+```go
+func TestParallel(t *testing.T) {
+    tests := []struct {
+        name  string
+        input string
+    }{
+        {"case1", "input1"},
+        {"case2", "input2"},
+        {"case3", "input3"},
+    }
+
+    for _, tt := range tests {
+        tt := tt // Capture range variable
+        t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+            t.Parallel() // Run subtests in parallel
+            result := Process(tt.input)
+            // assertions...
+            _ = result
+        })
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## Test Helpers
+
+### Helper Functions
+
+```go
+func setupTestDB(t *testing.T) *sql.DB {
+    t.Helper() // Marks this as a helper function
+
+    db, err := sql.Open("sqlite3", ":memory:")
+    if err != nil {
+        t.Fatalf("failed to open database: %v", err)
+    }
+
+    // Cleanup when test finishes
+    t.Cleanup(func() {
+        db.Close()
+    })
+
+    // Run migrations
+    if _, err := db.Exec(schema); err != nil {
+        t.Fatalf("failed to create schema: %v", err)
+    }
+
+    return db
+}
+
+func assertNoError(t *testing.T, err error) {
+    t.Helper()
+    if err != nil {
+        t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+    }
+}
+
+func assertEqual[T comparable](t *testing.T, got, want T) {
+    t.Helper()
+    if got != want {
+        t.Errorf("got %v; want %v", got, want)
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Temporary Files and Directories
+
+```go
+func TestFileProcessing(t *testing.T) {
+    // Create temp directory - automatically cleaned up
+    tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+
+    // Create test file
+    testFile := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "test.txt")
+    err := os.WriteFile(testFile, []byte("test content"), 0644)
+    if err != nil {
+        t.Fatalf("failed to create test file: %v", err)
+    }
+
+    // Run test
+    result, err := ProcessFile(testFile)
+    if err != nil {
+        t.Fatalf("ProcessFile failed: %v", err)
+    }
+
+    // Assert...
+    _ = result
+}
+```
+
+## Golden Files
+
+Testing against expected output files stored in `testdata/`.
+
+```go
+var update = flag.Bool("update", false, "update golden files")
+
+func TestRender(t *testing.T) {
+    tests := []struct {
+        name  string
+        input Template
+    }{
+        {"simple", Template{Name: "test"}},
+        {"complex", Template{Name: "test", Items: []string{"a", "b"}}},
+    }
+
+    for _, tt := range tests {
+        t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+            got := Render(tt.input)
+
+            golden := filepath.Join("testdata", tt.name+".golden")
+
+            if *update {
+                // Update golden file: go test -update
+                err := os.WriteFile(golden, got, 0644)
+                if err != nil {
+                    t.Fatalf("failed to update golden file: %v", err)
+                }
+            }
+
+            want, err := os.ReadFile(golden)
+            if err != nil {
+                t.Fatalf("failed to read golden file: %v", err)
+            }
+
+            if !bytes.Equal(got, want) {
+                t.Errorf("output mismatch:\ngot:\n%s\nwant:\n%s", got, want)
+            }
+        })
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## Mocking with Interfaces
+
+### Interface-Based Mocking
+
+```go
+// Define interface for dependencies
+type UserRepository interface {
+    GetUser(id string) (*User, error)
+    SaveUser(user *User) error
+}
+
+// Production implementation
+type PostgresUserRepository struct {
+    db *sql.DB
+}
+
+func (r *PostgresUserRepository) GetUser(id string) (*User, error) {
+    // Real database query
+}
+
+// Mock implementation for tests
+type MockUserRepository struct {
+    GetUserFunc  func(id string) (*User, error)
+    SaveUserFunc func(user *User) error
+}
+
+func (m *MockUserRepository) GetUser(id string) (*User, error) {
+    return m.GetUserFunc(id)
+}
+
+func (m *MockUserRepository) SaveUser(user *User) error {
+    return m.SaveUserFunc(user)
+}
+
+// Test using mock
+func TestUserService(t *testing.T) {
+    mock := &MockUserRepository{
+        GetUserFunc: func(id string) (*User, error) {
+            if id == "123" {
+                return &User{ID: "123", Name: "Alice"}, nil
+            }
+            return nil, ErrNotFound
+        },
+    }
+
+    service := NewUserService(mock)
+
+    user, err := service.GetUserProfile("123")
+    if err != nil {
+        t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+    }
+    if user.Name != "Alice" {
+        t.Errorf("got name %q; want %q", user.Name, "Alice")
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## Benchmarks
+
+### Basic Benchmarks
+
+```go
+func BenchmarkProcess(b *testing.B) {
+    data := generateTestData(1000)
+    b.ResetTimer() // Don't count setup time
+
+    for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+        Process(data)
+    }
+}
+
+// Run: go test -bench=BenchmarkProcess -benchmem
+// Output: BenchmarkProcess-8   10000   105234 ns/op   4096 B/op   10 allocs/op
+```
+
+### Benchmark with Different Sizes
+
+```go
+func BenchmarkSort(b *testing.B) {
+    sizes := []int{100, 1000, 10000, 100000}
+
+    for _, size := range sizes {
+        b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("size=%d", size), func(b *testing.B) {
+            data := generateRandomSlice(size)
+            b.ResetTimer()
+
+            for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+                // Make a copy to avoid sorting already sorted data
+                tmp := make([]int, len(data))
+                copy(tmp, data)
+                sort.Ints(tmp)
+            }
+        })
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Memory Allocation Benchmarks
+
+```go
+func BenchmarkStringConcat(b *testing.B) {
+    parts := []string{"hello", "world", "foo", "bar", "baz"}
+
+    b.Run("plus", func(b *testing.B) {
+        for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+            var s string
+            for _, p := range parts {
+                s += p
+            }
+            _ = s
+        }
+    })
+
+    b.Run("builder", func(b *testing.B) {
+        for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+            var sb strings.Builder
+            for _, p := range parts {
+                sb.WriteString(p)
+            }
+            _ = sb.String()
+        }
+    })
+
+    b.Run("join", func(b *testing.B) {
+        for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+            _ = strings.Join(parts, "")
+        }
+    })
+}
+```
+
+## Fuzzing (Go 1.18+)
+
+### Basic Fuzz Test
+
+```go
+func FuzzParseJSON(f *testing.F) {
+    // Add seed corpus
+    f.Add(`{"name": "test"}`)
+    f.Add(`{"count": 123}`)
+    f.Add(`[]`)
+    f.Add(`""`)
+
+    f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, input string) {
+        var result map[string]interface{}
+        err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(input), &result)
+
+        if err != nil {
+            // Invalid JSON is expected for random input
+            return
+        }
+
+        // If parsing succeeded, re-encoding should work
+        _, err = json.Marshal(result)
+        if err != nil {
+            t.Errorf("Marshal failed after successful Unmarshal: %v", err)
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+// Run: go test -fuzz=FuzzParseJSON -fuzztime=30s
+```
+
+### Fuzz Test with Multiple Inputs
+
+```go
+func FuzzCompare(f *testing.F) {
+    f.Add("hello", "world")
+    f.Add("", "")
+    f.Add("abc", "abc")
+
+    f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, a, b string) {
+        result := Compare(a, b)
+
+        // Property: Compare(a, a) should always equal 0
+        if a == b && result != 0 {
+            t.Errorf("Compare(%q, %q) = %d; want 0", a, b, result)
+        }
+
+        // Property: Compare(a, b) and Compare(b, a) should have opposite signs
+        reverse := Compare(b, a)
+        if (result > 0 && reverse >= 0) || (result < 0 && reverse <= 0) {
+            if result != 0 || reverse != 0 {
+                t.Errorf("Compare(%q, %q) = %d, Compare(%q, %q) = %d; inconsistent",
+                    a, b, result, b, a, reverse)
+            }
+        }
+    })
+}
+```
+
+## Test Coverage
+
+### Running Coverage
+
+```bash
+# Basic coverage
+go test -cover ./...
+
+# Generate coverage profile
+go test -coverprofile=coverage.out ./...
+
+# View coverage in browser
+go tool cover -html=coverage.out
+
+# View coverage by function
+go tool cover -func=coverage.out
+
+# Coverage with race detection
+go test -race -coverprofile=coverage.out ./...
+```
+
+### Coverage Targets
+
+| Code Type | Target |
+|-----------|--------|
+| Critical business logic | 100% |
+| Public APIs | 90%+ |
+| General code | 80%+ |
+| Generated code | Exclude |
+
+### Excluding Generated Code from Coverage
+
+```go
+//go:generate mockgen -source=interface.go -destination=mock_interface.go
+
+// In coverage profile, exclude with build tags:
+// go test -cover -tags=!generate ./...
+```
+
+## HTTP Handler Testing
+
+```go
+func TestHealthHandler(t *testing.T) {
+    // Create request
+    req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/health", nil)
+    w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+    // Call handler
+    HealthHandler(w, req)
+
+    // Check response
+    resp := w.Result()
+    defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+    if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+        t.Errorf("got status %d; want %d", resp.StatusCode, http.StatusOK)
+    }
+
+    body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+    if string(body) != "OK" {
+        t.Errorf("got body %q; want %q", body, "OK")
+    }
+}
+
+func TestAPIHandler(t *testing.T) {
+    tests := []struct {
+        name       string
+        method     string
+        path       string
+        body       string
+        wantStatus int
+        wantBody   string
+    }{
+        {
+            name:       "get user",
+            method:     http.MethodGet,
+            path:       "/users/123",
+            wantStatus: http.StatusOK,
+            wantBody:   `{"id":"123","name":"Alice"}`,
+        },
+        {
+            name:       "not found",
+            method:     http.MethodGet,
+            path:       "/users/999",
+            wantStatus: http.StatusNotFound,
+        },
+        {
+            name:       "create user",
+            method:     http.MethodPost,
+            path:       "/users",
+            body:       `{"name":"Bob"}`,
+            wantStatus: http.StatusCreated,
+        },
+    }
+
+    handler := NewAPIHandler()
+
+    for _, tt := range tests {
+        t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+            var body io.Reader
+            if tt.body != "" {
+                body = strings.NewReader(tt.body)
+            }
+
+            req := httptest.NewRequest(tt.method, tt.path, body)
+            req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+            w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+            handler.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+            if w.Code != tt.wantStatus {
+                t.Errorf("got status %d; want %d", w.Code, tt.wantStatus)
+            }
+
+            if tt.wantBody != "" && w.Body.String() != tt.wantBody {
+                t.Errorf("got body %q; want %q", w.Body.String(), tt.wantBody)
+            }
+        })
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## Testing Commands
+
+```bash
+# Run all tests
+go test ./...
+
+# Run tests with verbose output
+go test -v ./...
+
+# Run specific test
+go test -run TestAdd ./...
+
+# Run tests matching pattern
+go test -run "TestUser/Create" ./...
+
+# Run tests with race detector
+go test -race ./...
+
+# Run tests with coverage
+go test -cover -coverprofile=coverage.out ./...
+
+# Run short tests only
+go test -short ./...
+
+# Run tests with timeout
+go test -timeout 30s ./...
+
+# Run benchmarks
+go test -bench=. -benchmem ./...
+
+# Run fuzzing
+go test -fuzz=FuzzParse -fuzztime=30s ./...
+
+# Count test runs (for flaky test detection)
+go test -count=10 ./...
+```
+
+## Best Practices
+
+**DO:**
+- Write tests FIRST (TDD)
+- Use table-driven tests for comprehensive coverage
+- Test behavior, not implementation
+- Use `t.Helper()` in helper functions
+- Use `t.Parallel()` for independent tests
+- Clean up resources with `t.Cleanup()`
+- Use meaningful test names that describe the scenario
+
+**DON'T:**
+- Test private functions directly (test through public API)
+- Use `time.Sleep()` in tests (use channels or conditions)
+- Ignore flaky tests (fix or remove them)
+- Mock everything (prefer integration tests when possible)
+- Skip error path testing
+
+## Integration with CI/CD
+
+```yaml
+# GitHub Actions example
+test:
+  runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+  steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+      with:
+        go-version: '1.22'
+
+    - name: Run tests
+      run: go test -race -coverprofile=coverage.out ./...
+
+    - name: Check coverage
+      run: |
+        go tool cover -func=coverage.out | grep total | awk '{print $3}' | \
+        awk -F'%' '{if ($1 < 80) exit 1}'
+```
+
+**Remember**: Tests are documentation. They show how your code is meant to be used. Write them clearly and keep them up to date.