aigroup-workflow 2.1.2 → 2.2.1

package/skills/ai-ml/fine-tuning-expert/references/evaluation-metrics.md

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+# Evaluation Metrics for Fine-Tuned Models
+
+---
+
+## Overview
+
+Proper evaluation is critical for understanding fine-tuning success. This reference covers metrics, benchmarking strategies, and evaluation frameworks for fine-tuned language models.
+
+## Core Metrics
+
+### Perplexity
+
+```python
+import torch
+import math
+from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
+from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
+from tqdm import tqdm
+
+def calculate_perplexity(
+    model,
+    tokenizer,
+    texts: list[str],
+    batch_size: int = 8,
+    max_length: int = 2048
+) -> float:
+    """
+    Calculate perplexity on a test set.
+
+    Lower perplexity = better language modeling performance.
+    """
+    model.eval()
+    total_loss = 0
+    total_tokens = 0
+
+    encodings = tokenizer(
+        texts,
+        truncation=True,
+        max_length=max_length,
+        padding=True,
+        return_tensors="pt"
+    )
+
+    dataset = torch.utils.data.TensorDataset(
+        encodings["input_ids"],
+        encodings["attention_mask"]
+    )
+    dataloader = DataLoader(dataset, batch_size=batch_size)
+
+    with torch.no_grad():
+        for batch in tqdm(dataloader, desc="Calculating perplexity"):
+            input_ids, attention_mask = batch
+            input_ids = input_ids.to(model.device)
+            attention_mask = attention_mask.to(model.device)
+
+            outputs = model(
+                input_ids=input_ids,
+                attention_mask=attention_mask,
+                labels=input_ids
+            )
+
+            # Count actual tokens (not padding)
+            num_tokens = attention_mask.sum().item()
+            total_loss += outputs.loss.item() * num_tokens
+            total_tokens += num_tokens
+
+    avg_loss = total_loss / total_tokens
+    perplexity = math.exp(avg_loss)
+
+    return perplexity
+
+# Usage
+# perplexity = calculate_perplexity(model, tokenizer, test_texts)
+# print(f"Perplexity: {perplexity:.2f}")
+```
+
+### Generation-Based Metrics
+
+```python
+from evaluate import load
+import numpy as np
+
+def evaluate_generation(
+    model,
+    tokenizer,
+    test_examples: list[dict],
+    max_new_tokens: int = 256
+) -> dict:
+    """
+    Evaluate model generation quality with multiple metrics.
+
+    Args:
+        test_examples: List of {"input": str, "reference": str}
+    """
+    # Load metrics
+    bleu = load("bleu")
+    rouge = load("rouge")
+    bertscore = load("bertscore")
+
+    predictions = []
+    references = []
+
+    model.eval()
+    for example in tqdm(test_examples, desc="Generating"):
+        inputs = tokenizer(example["input"], return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)
+
+        with torch.no_grad():
+            outputs = model.generate(
+                **inputs,
+                max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens,
+                do_sample=False,  # Greedy for reproducibility
+                pad_token_id=tokenizer.pad_token_id
+            )
+
+        prediction = tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True)
+        # Remove input from prediction if model includes it
+        prediction = prediction[len(example["input"]):].strip()
+
+        predictions.append(prediction)
+        references.append(example["reference"])
+
+    # Calculate metrics
+    results = {}
+
+    # BLEU (0-100, higher is better)
+    bleu_result = bleu.compute(predictions=predictions, references=[[r] for r in references])
+    results["bleu"] = bleu_result["bleu"] * 100
+
+    # ROUGE (0-1, higher is better)
+    rouge_result = rouge.compute(predictions=predictions, references=references)
+    results["rouge1"] = rouge_result["rouge1"]
+    results["rouge2"] = rouge_result["rouge2"]
+    results["rougeL"] = rouge_result["rougeL"]
+
+    # BERTScore (0-1, higher is better)
+    bertscore_result = bertscore.compute(
+        predictions=predictions,
+        references=references,
+        lang="en"
+    )
+    results["bertscore_f1"] = np.mean(bertscore_result["f1"])
+
+    return results
+
+# Example
+# metrics = evaluate_generation(model, tokenizer, test_data)
+# print(f"BLEU: {metrics['bleu']:.2f}, ROUGE-L: {metrics['rougeL']:.4f}")
+```
+
+### Task-Specific Metrics
+
+```python
+from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score, f1_score, classification_report
+import re
+
+def evaluate_classification(
+    model,
+    tokenizer,
+    test_examples: list[dict],
+    labels: list[str]
+) -> dict:
+    """
+    Evaluate fine-tuned model on classification task.
+
+    Args:
+        test_examples: List of {"input": str, "label": str}
+        labels: List of valid label strings
+    """
+    predictions = []
+    true_labels = []
+
+    model.eval()
+    for example in tqdm(test_examples, desc="Classifying"):
+        inputs = tokenizer(example["input"], return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)
+
+        with torch.no_grad():
+            outputs = model.generate(
+                **inputs,
+                max_new_tokens=20,
+                do_sample=False,
+                pad_token_id=tokenizer.pad_token_id
+            )
+
+        prediction = tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True)
+        prediction = prediction[len(example["input"]):].strip().lower()
+
+        # Extract label from prediction
+        predicted_label = None
+        for label in labels:
+            if label.lower() in prediction:
+                predicted_label = label
+                break
+
+        if predicted_label is None:
+            predicted_label = labels[0]  # Default to first label
+
+        predictions.append(predicted_label)
+        true_labels.append(example["label"])
+
+    return {
+        "accuracy": accuracy_score(true_labels, predictions),
+        "f1_macro": f1_score(true_labels, predictions, average="macro"),
+        "f1_weighted": f1_score(true_labels, predictions, average="weighted"),
+        "classification_report": classification_report(true_labels, predictions)
+    }
+
+def evaluate_extraction(
+    model,
+    tokenizer,
+    test_examples: list[dict]
+) -> dict:
+    """
+    Evaluate information extraction tasks.
+
+    Args:
+        test_examples: List of {"input": str, "expected_entities": list[str]}
+    """
+    total_precision = 0
+    total_recall = 0
+    total_f1 = 0
+
+    for example in test_examples:
+        inputs = tokenizer(example["input"], return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)
+
+        with torch.no_grad():
+            outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=256, do_sample=False)
+
+        prediction = tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True)
+        prediction = prediction[len(example["input"]):].strip()
+
+        # Extract entities (customize based on output format)
+        predicted_entities = set(re.findall(r'\b[A-Z][a-z]+(?:\s[A-Z][a-z]+)*\b', prediction))
+        expected_entities = set(example["expected_entities"])
+
+        # Calculate metrics
+        if len(predicted_entities) > 0:
+            precision = len(predicted_entities & expected_entities) / len(predicted_entities)
+        else:
+            precision = 0
+
+        if len(expected_entities) > 0:
+            recall = len(predicted_entities & expected_entities) / len(expected_entities)
+        else:
+            recall = 1.0
+
+        if precision + recall > 0:
+            f1 = 2 * precision * recall / (precision + recall)
+        else:
+            f1 = 0
+
+        total_precision += precision
+        total_recall += recall
+        total_f1 += f1
+
+    n = len(test_examples)
+    return {
+        "precision": total_precision / n,
+        "recall": total_recall / n,
+        "f1": total_f1 / n
+    }
+```
+
+## Evaluation Framework
+
+```python
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Callable, Any
+import json
+from datetime import datetime
+
+@dataclass
+class EvaluationSuite:
+    """Complete evaluation suite for fine-tuned models."""
+    name: str
+    metrics: dict[str, Callable] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    results: dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
+
+    def add_metric(self, name: str, metric_fn: Callable):
+        """Add a metric to the suite."""
+        self.metrics[name] = metric_fn
+
+    def run(self, model, tokenizer, test_data: dict) -> dict:
+        """Run all metrics and return results."""
+        self.results = {
+            "model_name": getattr(model.config, "_name_or_path", "unknown"),
+            "timestamp": datetime.now().isoformat(),
+            "metrics": {}
+        }
+
+        for metric_name, metric_fn in self.metrics.items():
+            print(f"Running {metric_name}...")
+            try:
+                result = metric_fn(model, tokenizer, test_data.get(metric_name, test_data))
+                self.results["metrics"][metric_name] = result
+            except Exception as e:
+                self.results["metrics"][metric_name] = {"error": str(e)}
+
+        return self.results
+
+    def save_results(self, path: str):
+        """Save results to JSON file."""
+        with open(path, "w") as f:
+            json.dump(self.results, f, indent=2, default=str)
+
+    def compare_with(self, other_results: dict) -> dict:
+        """Compare results with another evaluation."""
+        comparison = {}
+        for metric_name, value in self.results["metrics"].items():
+            if metric_name in other_results.get("metrics", {}):
+                other_value = other_results["metrics"][metric_name]
+                if isinstance(value, (int, float)) and isinstance(other_value, (int, float)):
+                    comparison[metric_name] = {
+                        "current": value,
+                        "baseline": other_value,
+                        "delta": value - other_value,
+                        "delta_pct": ((value - other_value) / other_value * 100)
+                                     if other_value != 0 else 0
+                    }
+        return comparison
+
+# Usage example
+def create_evaluation_suite() -> EvaluationSuite:
+    suite = EvaluationSuite(name="fine_tuning_eval")
+
+    # Add perplexity
+    suite.add_metric("perplexity", lambda m, t, d: calculate_perplexity(m, t, d["texts"]))
+
+    # Add generation metrics
+    suite.add_metric("generation", lambda m, t, d: evaluate_generation(m, t, d["generation"]))
+
+    return suite
+
+# Run evaluation
+# suite = create_evaluation_suite()
+# results = suite.run(model, tokenizer, test_data)
+# suite.save_results("eval_results.json")
+```
+
+## Model Comparison
+
+```python
+import pandas as pd
+from typing import Optional
+
+class ModelComparison:
+    """Compare multiple fine-tuned models."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.models = {}
+        self.results = {}
+
+    def add_model(self, name: str, model, tokenizer, adapter_path: Optional[str] = None):
+        """Register a model for comparison."""
+        self.models[name] = {
+            "model": model,
+            "tokenizer": tokenizer,
+            "adapter_path": adapter_path
+        }
+
+    def evaluate_all(self, test_data: dict, metrics: list[str]) -> pd.DataFrame:
+        """Evaluate all models and return comparison DataFrame."""
+        all_results = []
+
+        for model_name, model_info in self.models.items():
+            model = model_info["model"]
+            tokenizer = model_info["tokenizer"]
+
+            model_results = {"model": model_name}
+
+            for metric in metrics:
+                if metric == "perplexity":
+                    model_results["perplexity"] = calculate_perplexity(
+                        model, tokenizer, test_data["texts"]
+                    )
+                elif metric == "generation":
+                    gen_metrics = evaluate_generation(
+                        model, tokenizer, test_data["generation"]
+                    )
+                    model_results.update(gen_metrics)
+
+            all_results.append(model_results)
+            self.results[model_name] = model_results
+
+        return pd.DataFrame(all_results)
+
+    def get_best_model(self, metric: str, higher_is_better: bool = True) -> str:
+        """Return name of best performing model for a metric."""
+        if not self.results:
+            raise ValueError("No results available. Run evaluate_all first.")
+
+        values = {name: r.get(metric, float('-inf') if higher_is_better else float('inf'))
+                  for name, r in self.results.items()}
+
+        if higher_is_better:
+            return max(values, key=values.get)
+        else:
+            return min(values, key=values.get)
+
+# Usage
+# comparison = ModelComparison()
+# comparison.add_model("base", base_model, tokenizer)
+# comparison.add_model("lora_r8", lora_model_r8, tokenizer)
+# comparison.add_model("lora_r16", lora_model_r16, tokenizer)
+# df = comparison.evaluate_all(test_data, ["perplexity", "generation"])
+# print(df)
+```
+
+## LLM-as-Judge Evaluation
+
+```python
+from openai import OpenAI
+import json
+
+def llm_judge_evaluation(
+    predictions: list[str],
+    references: list[str],
+    inputs: list[str],
+    judge_model: str = "gpt-4o",
+    criteria: list[str] = None
+) -> list[dict]:
+    """
+    Use LLM as judge to evaluate generation quality.
+
+    Args:
+        predictions: Model outputs
+        references: Reference/gold outputs
+        inputs: Original inputs
+        judge_model: Model to use as judge
+        criteria: Evaluation criteria (default: helpfulness, accuracy, coherence)
+    """
+    if criteria is None:
+        criteria = ["helpfulness", "accuracy", "coherence", "relevance"]
+
+    client = OpenAI()
+
+    judge_prompt = """You are an expert evaluator. Rate the following model response on a scale of 1-5 for each criterion.
+
+Input: {input}
+
+Reference Response: {reference}
+
+Model Response: {prediction}
+
+Rate the model response on these criteria (1=poor, 5=excellent):
+{criteria_list}
+
+Return your ratings as JSON: {{"criterion_name": score, ...}}
+Also include a brief explanation for each rating."""
+
+    results = []
+
+    for input_text, pred, ref in zip(inputs, predictions, references):
+        prompt = judge_prompt.format(
+            input=input_text,
+            reference=ref,
+            prediction=pred,
+            criteria_list="\n".join(f"- {c}" for c in criteria)
+        )
+
+        response = client.chat.completions.create(
+            model=judge_model,
+            messages=[{"role": "user", "content": prompt}],
+            temperature=0
+        )
+
+        # Parse response
+        try:
+            content = response.choices[0].message.content
+            # Extract JSON from response
+            json_match = re.search(r'\{[^}]+\}', content)
+            if json_match:
+                scores = json.loads(json_match.group())
+            else:
+                scores = {c: 3 for c in criteria}  # Default scores
+        except:
+            scores = {c: 3 for c in criteria}
+
+        results.append({
+            "input": input_text,
+            "prediction": pred,
+            "reference": ref,
+            "scores": scores,
+            "raw_response": content
+        })
+
+    # Aggregate scores
+    aggregated = {c: [] for c in criteria}
+    for r in results:
+        for c in criteria:
+            if c in r["scores"]:
+                aggregated[c].append(r["scores"][c])
+
+    summary = {c: sum(scores) / len(scores) if scores else 0
+               for c, scores in aggregated.items()}
+
+    return {
+        "individual_results": results,
+        "summary": summary
+    }
+```
+
+## Benchmark Suites
+
+```python
+from lm_eval import evaluator
+from lm_eval.models.huggingface import HFLM
+
+def run_standard_benchmarks(
+    model,
+    tokenizer,
+    tasks: list[str] = None,
+    num_fewshot: int = 0
+) -> dict:
+    """
+    Run standard LLM benchmarks using lm-evaluation-harness.
+
+    Args:
+        model: HuggingFace model
+        tokenizer: Tokenizer
+        tasks: List of tasks (default: common benchmarks)
+        num_fewshot: Number of few-shot examples
+    """
+    if tasks is None:
+        tasks = [
+            "hellaswag",      # Commonsense reasoning
+            "arc_easy",       # Science questions
+            "arc_challenge",  # Harder science questions
+            "winogrande",     # Commonsense reasoning
+            "mmlu",           # Multi-task language understanding
+            "truthfulqa_mc",  # Truthfulness
+        ]
+
+    # Wrap model for lm-eval
+    lm = HFLM(pretrained=model, tokenizer=tokenizer)
+
+    results = evaluator.simple_evaluate(
+        model=lm,
+        tasks=tasks,
+        num_fewshot=num_fewshot,
+        batch_size="auto"
+    )
+
+    # Extract key metrics
+    summary = {}
+    for task in tasks:
+        if task in results["results"]:
+            task_results = results["results"][task]
+            # Get primary metric (usually accuracy)
+            for key, value in task_results.items():
+                if "acc" in key or "accuracy" in key:
+                    summary[task] = value
+                    break
+
+    return {
+        "full_results": results,
+        "summary": summary
+    }
+
+# Usage with common benchmarks
+BENCHMARK_TASKS = {
+    "reasoning": ["hellaswag", "winogrande", "arc_easy", "arc_challenge"],
+    "knowledge": ["mmlu", "triviaqa"],
+    "code": ["humaneval", "mbpp"],
+    "math": ["gsm8k", "math"],
+    "safety": ["truthfulqa_mc", "toxigen"]
+}
+```
+
+## Quick Reference
+
+### Metric Selection by Task
+
+| Task Type | Primary Metrics | Secondary Metrics |
+|-----------|-----------------|-------------------|
+| General Fine-Tuning | Perplexity, Loss | ROUGE, BLEU |
+| Classification | Accuracy, F1 | Precision, Recall |
+| Generation | ROUGE-L, BERTScore | Human eval, LLM-as-judge |
+| Summarization | ROUGE-1/2/L | BERTScore, factuality |
+| Translation | BLEU, chrF | TER, COMET |
+| Code | pass@k, HumanEval | CodeBLEU |
+| Chat/Assistant | LLM-as-judge | User preference |
+
+### Interpreting Results
+
+| Metric | Poor | Acceptable | Good | Excellent |
+|--------|------|------------|------|-----------|
+| Perplexity | >50 | 20-50 | 10-20 | <10 |
+| BLEU | <20 | 20-40 | 40-60 | >60 |
+| ROUGE-L | <0.3 | 0.3-0.5 | 0.5-0.7 | >0.7 |
+| BERTScore F1 | <0.7 | 0.7-0.85 | 0.85-0.92 | >0.92 |
+| Accuracy | <0.6 | 0.6-0.8 | 0.8-0.9 | >0.9 |
+
+## Related References
+
+- `hyperparameter-tuning.md` - Adjusting training based on eval results
+- `dataset-preparation.md` - Creating evaluation sets
+- `deployment-optimization.md` - Production evaluation considerations