@vantagesec/socc 0.1.13 → 0.1.15

package/socc-canonical/.agents/soc-copilot/skills/translation-expertise/chinese-traditional.md

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-# Chinese Traditional Language Reference for Translation
-
-This document contains comprehensive information about Traditional Chinese language characteristics, conventions, and considerations relevant to translation work.
-
-## Core Characteristics
-
-### Structural Features
-
-- **Word Order**: Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) like English
-- **No Verb Conjugation**: Tense indicated by context or time words
-- **Subject Omission**: Context-dependent (like Japanese)
-- **Measure Words**: Classifiers (量詞) required for counting nouns
-- **Tone Language**: 4 tones in Mandarin, 6-9 in Cantonese (not visible in writing)
-- **Idiomatic Expressions**: Rich tradition of four-character idioms (成語 - chéngyǔ)
-- **Topic-Prominent**: Topic-comment structure similar to Japanese
-
-### Writing System
-
-**Traditional Characters (繁體字)**:
-
-- More complex forms than Simplified Chinese
-- Used in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau
-- Preserves historical character forms
-- Often more visually descriptive
-
-**Character Structure**:
-
-- Radicals (部首): Component parts that often indicate meaning
-- Stroke order: Specific order for writing characters
-- Complex characters can have 20+ strokes
-
-### Grammatical Features
-
-**No Grammatical Tense**:
-
-- Time expressed through context or time words
-- 了 (le): Completion or change of state
-- 過 (guo): Past experience
-- 著 (zhe): Continuous action
-
-**Aspect Markers**:
-
-- 了 (le): Completed action (我吃了飯 - I ate)
-- 過 (guo): Experience (我去過日本 - I've been to Japan)
-- 著 (zhe): Continuous state (門開著 - The door is open)
-- 在 (zài): Progressive action (我在吃飯 - I'm eating)
-
-**No Grammatical Number**:
-
-- Singular/plural not typically marked on nouns
-- Context or measure words indicate quantity
-- 們 (men) can pluralize pronouns: 我們 (women - we)
-
-**Sentence-Final Particles**:
-
-- 嗎 (ma): Question marker
-- 呢 (ne): Softens questions, indicates continuation
-- 吧 (ba): Suggestion, supposition
-- 啊 (a): Exclamation, emphasis
-- 了 (le): Change of state, new situation
-
-## Measure Words (量詞 - Liàngcí)
-
-Measure words (classifiers) are required between numbers/demonstratives and nouns.
-
-### Common Measure Words
-
-**General**:
-
-- 個 (gè): General classifier, people, abstract things
-  - 一個人 (yī gè rén): One person
-  - 三個蘋果 (sān gè píngguǒ): Three apples
-
-**People**:
-
-- 位 (wèi): People (polite/formal)
-  - 兩位客人 (liǎng wèi kèrén): Two guests
-- 個 (gè): People (casual)
-
-**Objects**:
-
-- 本 (běn): Books, volumes
-  - 一本書 (yī běn shū): One book
-- 張 (zhāng): Flat objects (paper, tables, beds, tickets)
-  - 兩張紙 (liǎng zhāng zhǐ): Two sheets of paper
-- 件 (jiàn): Items, clothing, matters
-  - 三件衣服 (sān jiàn yīfú): Three pieces of clothing
-- 隻/只 (zhī): Animals, one of a pair
-  - 一隻貓 (yī zhī māo): One cat
-- 條 (tiáo): Long narrow objects (rivers, roads, fish, pants)
-  - 一條河 (yī tiáo hé): One river
-- 輛 (liàng): Vehicles
-  - 兩輛車 (liǎng liàng chē): Two cars
-- 棟 (dòng): Buildings
-  - 一棟房子 (yī dòng fángzi): One building
-
-**Quantities**:
-
-- 杯 (bēi): Cups/glasses
-  - 一杯咖啡 (yī bēi kāfēi): One cup of coffee
-- 碗 (wǎn): Bowls
-  - 一碗飯 (yī wǎn fàn): One bowl of rice
-- 瓶 (píng): Bottles
-  - 兩瓶水 (liǎng píng shuǐ): Two bottles of water
-
-### Translation Consideration
-
-- English/Japanese don't always require equivalents
-- Choose appropriate measure word for the noun
-- Incorrect measure word sounds unnatural to native speakers
-- Some nouns have specific measure words that must be learned
-
-## Regional Variations
-
-### Taiwan Mandarin (台灣華語 / 國語 - Guóyǔ)
-
-**Characteristics**:
-
-- More formal and literary influenced by traditional education
-- Retains classical expressions and vocabulary
-- Uses Traditional Chinese characters
-- More use of 您 (nín - polite "you") in formal contexts
-
-**Unique Vocabulary**:
-
-- 軟體 (ruǎntǐ): Software (Taiwan)
-- 駭客 (hàikè): Hacker (Taiwan)
-- 網路 (wǎnglù): Internet (Taiwan)
-- 資訊 (zīxùn): Information/IT (Taiwan)
-- 程式 (chéngshì): Program (Taiwan)
-
-**Pronunciation Differences**:
-
-- 和 (hé): Often pronounced as hàn in Taiwan
-- Some tonal variations from mainland Mandarin
-- Taiwanese influence on certain words
-
-### Hong Kong Cantonese (香港粵語)
-
-**Characteristics**:
-
-- Different spoken language from Mandarin
-- Uses Traditional Chinese for writing
-- Written Cantonese differs from standard written Chinese
-- British English influence in terminology
-
-**Unique Features**:
-
-- Many unique colloquialisms: 唔該 (m̀h'gōi - thank you), 冇 (móuh - don't have)
-- Some characters specific to Cantonese: 啲 (dī - some), 嘅 (ge - possessive)
-- Different grammar patterns in spoken form
-- British terminology: 的士 (dīksí - taxi, from "taxi"), 巴士 (bāsí - bus)
-
-**Terminology Differences**:
-
-- 軟件 (ruǎnjiàn): Software (Hong Kong)
-- 黑客 (hēikè): Hacker (Hong Kong)
-- 互聯網 (hùliánwǎng): Internet (Hong Kong)
-- 程序 (chéngxù): Program (Hong Kong)
-
-### Macau (澳門)
-
-**Characteristics**:
-
-- Similar to Hong Kong with Portuguese influence
-- Some unique terminology from Portuguese
-- Mix of Cantonese and Mandarin usage
-- Traditional Chinese characters
-
-**Portuguese Influence**:
-
-- Some loanwords from Portuguese
-- Place names retain Portuguese
-- Bilingual signage common
-
-### Regional Translation Considerations
-
-**Taiwan vs. Hong Kong Terminology**:
-
-| Concept     | Taiwan          | Hong Kong       |
-| ----------- | --------------- | --------------- |
-| Software    | 軟體 (ruǎntǐ)   | 軟件 (ruǎnjiàn) |
-| Program     | 程式 (chéngshì) | 程序 (chéngxù)  |
-| Internet    | 網路 (wǎnglù)   | 互聯網          |
-| Bus         | 公車 (gōngchē)  | 巴士 (bāsí)     |
-| Taxi        | 計程車          | 的士 (dīksí)    |
-| Information | 資訊 (zīxùn)    | 信息 (xìnxī)    |
-
-**Default Choice**: Use Taiwan terminology unless specifically targeting Hong Kong audience
-
-## Translation Considerations
-
-### From Chinese to English/Japanese
-
-**Common Challenges**:
-
-1. **Measure Words**: Often no direct equivalent in target language
-2. **Four-Character Idioms**: Rich cultural/historical meaning requiring explanation
-3. **Clarifying Subjects**: Chinese omits subjects; may need to add in target
-4. **Aspect Markers**: Handle 了/過/著 with appropriate tense/aspect
-5. **Regional Terminology**: Research Taiwan vs. Hong Kong differences
-6. **Formal vs. Colloquial**: Wide vocabulary range for formality
-
-**Key Strategies**:
-
-- **Choose appropriate measure words** when translating to Chinese
-- **Explain 成語** (idioms) meaningfully or find equivalent expressions
-- **Add subjects** where English/Japanese requires them
-- **Convert aspect markers** to appropriate tense in target language
-- **Research regional terms** if audience location is specified
-- **Match formality level** through vocabulary selection
-- **Consider classical influences** in literary texts
-
-### To Chinese from English/Japanese
-
-**Common Challenges**:
-
-1. **Formality Through Vocabulary**: Choose appropriate formal/colloquial words
-2. **Measure Word Selection**: Requires native intuition for naturalness
-3. **Aspect Markers**: Use 了/過/著 appropriately for time relationships
-4. **Regional Terminology**: Taiwan vs. Hong Kong vs. Mainland differences
-5. **Politeness Expression**: Through vocabulary and 您 usage, not verb forms
-6. **Classical vs. Vernacular**: Balance literary and colloquial expressions
-
-**Key Strategies**:
-
-- **Select formal vocabulary** for formal contexts (用餐 vs. 吃)
-- **Choose correct measure words** for counted nouns
-- **Use 您 (nín)** for formal "you", 你 (nǐ) for casual
-- **Apply aspect markers** correctly (了 for completion, 過 for experience)
-- **Research target region** terminology preferences
-- **Avoid Simplified Chinese false friends** (字形相同意思不同)
-- **Consider classical expressions** for literary or formal texts
-- **Omit subjects** where context is clear
-
-## Formality Indicators
-
-### Informal Register
-
-**Characteristics**:
-
-- Simple vocabulary: 吃 (chī - eat), 買 (mǎi - buy), 看 (kàn - look)
-- Pronouns: 你 (nǐ - you), 我們 (wǒmen - we)
-- Colloquial expressions and slang
-- Sentence-final particles: 啦 (la), 嘍 (lou), 唄 (bei)
-- Shorter sentences
-- Casual verb choices
-
-**Example**: 你有問題就告訴我啦。(Nǐ yǒu wèntí jiù gàosù wǒ la.)
-
-- "If you have questions just tell me."
-
-### Standard Register
-
-**Characteristics**:
-
-- Standard vocabulary: 詢問 (xúnwèn - inquire), 購買 (gòumǎi - purchase)
-- Balanced pronouns: 你 (nǐ) or 您 (nín) depending on context
-- Professional tone
-- Moderate sentence complexity
-
-**Example**: 如有問題請告訴我。(Rú yǒu wèntí qǐng gàosù wǒ.)
-
-- "If you have questions please tell me."
-
-### Formal Register
-
-**Characteristics**:
-
-- Literary vocabulary: 用餐 (yòngcān - dine), 購買 (gòumǎi - purchase)
-- Formal pronouns: 您 (nín - polite "you"), 本人 (běnrén - "this person" for "I")
-- Classical expressions: 誠摯 (chéngzhì - sincere), 敬請 (jìngqǐng - respectfully request)
-- Complex sentence structures
-- Four-character idioms (成語)
-- Literary constructions
-
-**Example**: 如有任何疑問,敬請隨時與我聯繫。(Rú yǒu rènhé yíwèn, jìngqǐng suíshí yǔ wǒ liánxì.)
-
-- "If you have any inquiries, please do not hesitate to contact me."
-
-### Formal vs. Colloquial Vocabulary Pairs
-
-| Colloquial | Formal | Meaning             |
-| ---------- | ------ | ------------------- |
-| 吃         | 用餐   | Eat/dine            |
-| 買         | 購買   | Buy/purchase        |
-| 給         | 提供   | Give/provide        |
-| 問         | 詢問   | Ask/inquire         |
-| 說         | 表示   | Say/express         |
-| 幫         | 協助   | Help/assist         |
-| 想         | 認為   | Think/consider      |
-| 很好       | 優秀   | Very good/excellent |
-
-## Punctuation Conventions
-
-### Basic Punctuation
-
-**Period (。 - Jùhào)**:
-
-- End of sentences
-- Full-width character (not half-width .)
-- Called 句號 (jùhào)
-
-**Enumeration Comma (、 - Dùnhào)**:
-
-- Listing parallel items
-- Called 頓號 (dùnhào)
-- Example: 蘋果、香蕉、橙 (apples, bananas, oranges)
-
-**Regular Comma (,- Dòuhào)**:
-
-- Separating clauses
-- Longer pauses than enumeration comma
-- Called 逗號 (dòuhào)
-- Example: 我去了商店,買了一些水果。
-
-**Usage Rule**: Use 、for lists, use , for clauses
-
-### Quotation Marks
-
-**Taiwan Style**:
-
-- Primary: 「」(same as Japanese)
-- Secondary: 『』
-- Preferred in Taiwan publications
-
-**Western Style**:
-
-- Primary: " "
-- Secondary: ' '
-- More common in Hong Kong
-
-**Both styles acceptable**; preference varies by region and style guide
-
-### Title Marks
-
-**Book Title Marks (《》 - Shūmínghào)**:
-
-- Titles of books: 《紅樓夢》(Dream of the Red Chamber)
-- Titles of newspapers: 《中國時報》
-- Titles of major works
-- Called 書名號 (shūmínghào)
-- Opening: 《 Closing: 》
-
-**Article Title Marks (〈〉 - Single Angle Brackets)**:
-
-- Titles of articles, essays, poems
-- Chapters within books
-- Less formal titles than 《》
-- Opening: 〈 Closing: 〉
-
-### Special Punctuation
-
-**Ellipsis (……)**:
-
-- Six dots (two sets of three)
-- Omission or trailing off
-- Called 刪節號 (shānjièhào) or 省略號 (shěnglüèhào)
-
-**Dash (── or —)**:
-
-- Explanation or change in thought
-- Full-width em dash —
-- Called 破折號 (pòzhéhào)
-
-**Emphasis Marks**:
-
-- Dots beside characters to emphasize (mostly in vertical text)
-- Modern writing uses bold or different font instead
-
-**Semicolon (;)**:
-
-- Separating related clauses (less common than English)
-- Called 分號 (fēnhào)
-- Full-width ;
-
-**Colon (:)**:
-
-- Before explanations or lists
-- In dialogue (speaker: dialogue)
-- Called 冒號 (màohào)
-- Full-width :
-
-### Question and Exclamation
-
-**Question Mark (? or ?)**:
-
-- End of questions
-- Can use half-width ? or full-width ?
-- Called 問號 (wènhào)
-
-**Exclamation Mark (! or !)**:
-
-- Strong emotion or exclamation
-- Can use half-width ! or full-width !
-- Called 驚嘆號 (jīngtànhào)
-
-**Interrobang (!? or ?!)**:
-
-- Combined surprise and question
-- Called 嘆問號 (tànwènhào)
-
-### Special Considerations
-
-**No Spaces**: Like Japanese, Chinese doesn't use spaces between words (except sometimes after punctuation)
-
-**Vertical vs. Horizontal**:
-
-- **Traditional**: Vertical text (right to left columns) - still used in Taiwan for literary works
-- **Modern**: Horizontal text (left to right rows) - standard for most content
-
-**Regional Punctuation Preferences**:
-
-- Taiwan: Tends toward「」for quotes
-- Hong Kong: Tends toward " " for quotes
-- Both styles understood across regions
-
-## Four-Character Idioms (成語 - Chéngyǔ)
-
-Four-character idioms are a distinctive feature of Chinese with deep cultural and historical roots.
-
-### Common 成語
-
-**Success/Achievement**:
-
-- 一帆風順 (yī fān fēng shùn): Smooth sailing
-- 馬到成功 (mǎ dào chéng gōng): Immediate success (horse arrives, success achieved)
-- 功成名就 (gōng chéng míng jiù): Success and fame achieved
-
-**Wisdom/Learning**:
-
-- 學無止境 (xué wú zhǐ jìng): Learning has no bounds
-- 溫故知新 (wēn gù zhī xīn): Review the old, learn the new
-- 博學多才 (bó xué duō cái): Learned and talented
-
-**Effort/Perseverance**:
-
-- 水滴石穿 (shuǐ dī shí chuān): Dripping water penetrates stone (persistence)
-- 堅持不懈 (jiān chí bù xiè): Persevere unremittingly
-- 精益求精 (jīng yì qiú jīng): Constantly improve upon excellence
-
-**Relationships**:
-
-- 情同手足 (qíng tóng shǒu zú): Close as brothers (affection like hands and feet)
-- 志同道合 (zhì tóng dào hé): Like-minded (same aspiration, same path)
-- 相輔相成 (xiāng fǔ xiāng chéng): Complement each other
-
-**Difficulty**:
-
-- 困難重重 (kùnnán chóng chóng): Difficulty upon difficulty
-- 進退兩難 (jìn tuì liǎng nán): In a dilemma (advance and retreat both difficult)
-- 雪上加霜 (xuě shàng jiā shuāng): Add frost to snow (make bad situation worse)
-
-### Translation Strategy for 成語
-
-1. **Find Equivalent Idiom**: If English/Japanese has similar expression
-2. **Translate Meaning**: Convey the concept rather than literal translation
-3. **Add Explanation**: Provide brief cultural context if needed
-4. **Consider Context**: Formal writing may prefer 成語, casual may not
-
-## Common Expressions and Phrases
-
-### Greetings and Politeness
-
-- 你好 (nǐ hǎo): Hello
-- 您好 (nín hǎo): Hello (formal)
-- 謝謝 (xièxie): Thank you
-- 不客氣 (bù kèqì): You're welcome
-- 對不起 (duìbùqǐ): Sorry
-- 沒關係 (méi guānxì): It's okay / No problem
-
-### Common Social Phrases
-
-- 加油 (jiāyóu): Come on! / Go for it! / Add oil (encouragement)
-- 辛苦了 (xīnkǔ le): You've worked hard (acknowledgment of effort)
-- 慢走 (màn zǒu): Take care (when someone leaves)
-- 請多指教 (qǐng duō zhǐjiào): Please give me guidance (when meeting someone)
-
-### Common Proverbs (諺語)
-
-- 塞翁失馬,焉知非福 (sài wēng shī mǎ, yān zhī fēi fú): Misfortune may be a blessing in disguise
-- 一分耕耘,一分收穫: You reap what you sow (one part effort, one part harvest)
-- 熟能生巧: Practice makes perfect (familiarity breeds skill)
-
-## Cultural Concepts
-
-### Concepts Unique to Chinese
-
-**面子 (miànzi)**: Face, reputation, dignity
-
-- Complex concept of social standing and respect
-- Giving face: 給面子 (gěi miànzi)
-- Losing face: 丟臉 (diūliǎn)
-
-**關係 (guānxì)**: Relationships, connections
-
-- Network of social connections
-- Important in business and social contexts
-
-**孝順 (xiàoshùn)**: Filial piety
-
-- Respect and care for parents and elders
-- Core Confucian value
-
-## Traditional vs. Simplified Chinese
-
-### Key Differences
-
-**This skill focuses on Traditional Chinese (繁體字)**:
-
-- Used in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau
-- More complex character forms
-- Preserves historical forms
-- More strokes per character
-
-**False Friends** (same form, different meanings):
-
-- Be aware some characters look the same but mean different things
-- Context usually clarifies
-- Regional terminology also differs
-
-## Translation Best Practices
-
-1. **Choose Appropriate Measure Words**: Essential for natural Chinese
-2. **Match Formality Level**: Use vocabulary appropriate to context
-3. **Use 您 (nín) Appropriately**: For formal contexts and showing respect
-4. **Consider Regional Differences**: Taiwan vs. Hong Kong terminology
-5. **Apply Aspect Markers Correctly**: 了/過/著 for time relationships
-6. **Use 成語 Appropriately**: Adds sophistication but must fit context
-7. **Clarify Subjects When Needed**: But omit if context is clear
-8. **Choose Full-Width Punctuation**: For consistency with character width
-9. **Research Classical References**: Literary texts may use classical Chinese
-10. **Verify Regional Terminology**: Check target audience's location preferences
-11. **Balance Formal and Colloquial**: Choose vocabulary appropriate to tone
-12. **Consider Tones** (though not written): Awareness helps with homophones