@unikia/upe-renderer 0.0.0-stage → 0.187.11

package/src/renderers/webgl-fallback/utils/WebGLTextureUtils.js

@@ -0,0 +1,1461 @@
+import { LinearFilter, LinearMipmapLinearFilter, LinearMipmapNearestFilter, NearestFilter, NearestMipmapLinearFilter, NearestMipmapNearestFilter, FloatType, MirroredRepeatWrapping, ClampToEdgeWrapping, RepeatWrapping, NeverCompare, AlwaysCompare, LessCompare, LessEqualCompare, EqualCompare, GreaterEqualCompare, GreaterCompare, NotEqualCompare, NoColorSpace, LinearTransfer, SRGBTransfer, DepthStencilFormat } from '../../../constants.js';
+import { ColorManagement } from '../../../math/ColorManagement.js';
+import { getByteLength } from '../../../extras/TextureUtils.js';
+import { warn } from '../../../utils.js';
+
+let initialized = false, wrappingToGL, filterToGL, compareToGL;
+
+/**
+ * A WebGL 2 backend utility module for managing textures.
+ *
+ * @private
+ */
+class WebGLTextureUtils {
+
+	/**
+	 * Constructs a new utility object.
+	 *
+	 * @param {WebGLBackend} backend - The WebGL 2 backend.
+	 */
+	constructor( backend ) {
+
+		/**
+		 * A reference to the WebGL 2 backend.
+		 *
+		 * @type {WebGLBackend}
+		 */
+		this.backend = backend;
+
+		/**
+		 * A reference to the rendering context.
+		 *
+		 * @type {WebGL2RenderingContext}
+		 */
+		this.gl = backend.gl;
+
+		/**
+		 * A reference to a backend module holding extension-related
+		 * utility functions.
+		 *
+		 * @type {WebGLExtensions}
+		 */
+		this.extensions = backend.extensions;
+
+		/**
+		 * A dictionary for managing default textures. The key
+		 * is the binding point (target), the value the WEbGL texture object.
+		 *
+		 * @type {Object<GLenum,WebGLTexture>}
+		 */
+		this.defaultTextures = {};
+
+		/**
+		 * A scratch framebuffer used for attaching the source texture in
+		 * {@link copyTextureToTexture}.
+		 *
+		 * @private
+		 * @type {?WebGLFramebuffer}
+		 */
+		this._srcFramebuffer = null;
+
+		/**
+		 * A scratch framebuffer used for attaching the destination texture in
+		 * {@link copyTextureToTexture}.
+		 *
+		 * @private
+		 * @type {?WebGLFramebuffer}
+		 */
+		this._dstFramebuffer = null;
+
+		if ( initialized === false ) {
+
+			this._init();
+
+			initialized = true;
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Inits the state of the utility.
+	 *
+	 * @private
+	 */
+	_init() {
+
+		const gl = this.gl;
+
+		// Store only WebGL constants here.
+
+		wrappingToGL = {
+			[ RepeatWrapping ]: gl.REPEAT,
+			[ ClampToEdgeWrapping ]: gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE,
+			[ MirroredRepeatWrapping ]: gl.MIRRORED_REPEAT
+		};
+
+		filterToGL = {
+			[ NearestFilter ]: gl.NEAREST,
+			[ NearestMipmapNearestFilter ]: gl.NEAREST_MIPMAP_NEAREST,
+			[ NearestMipmapLinearFilter ]: gl.NEAREST_MIPMAP_LINEAR,
+
+			[ LinearFilter ]: gl.LINEAR,
+			[ LinearMipmapNearestFilter ]: gl.LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST,
+			[ LinearMipmapLinearFilter ]: gl.LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR
+		};
+
+		compareToGL = {
+			[ NeverCompare ]: gl.NEVER,
+			[ AlwaysCompare ]: gl.ALWAYS,
+			[ LessCompare ]: gl.LESS,
+			[ LessEqualCompare ]: gl.LEQUAL,
+			[ EqualCompare ]: gl.EQUAL,
+			[ GreaterEqualCompare ]: gl.GEQUAL,
+			[ GreaterCompare ]: gl.GREATER,
+			[ NotEqualCompare ]: gl.NOTEQUAL
+		};
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the native texture type for the given texture.
+	 *
+	 * @param {Texture} texture - The texture.
+	 * @return {GLenum} The native texture type.
+	 */
+	getGLTextureType( texture ) {
+
+		const { gl } = this;
+
+		let glTextureType;
+
+		if ( texture.isCubeTexture === true ) {
+
+			glTextureType = gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP;
+
+		} else if ( texture.isArrayTexture === true || texture.isDataArrayTexture === true || texture.isCompressedArrayTexture === true ) {
+
+			glTextureType = gl.TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY;
+
+		} else if ( texture.isData3DTexture === true ) { // TODO: isCompressed3DTexture, wait for #26642
+
+			glTextureType = gl.TEXTURE_3D;
+
+		} else {
+
+			glTextureType = gl.TEXTURE_2D;
+
+
+		}
+
+		return glTextureType;
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the native texture type for the given texture.
+	 *
+	 * @param {?string} internalFormatName - The internal format name. When `null`, the internal format is derived from the subsequent parameters.
+	 * @param {GLenum} glFormat - The WebGL format.
+	 * @param {GLenum} glType - The WebGL type.
+	 * @param {string} colorSpace - The texture's color space.
+	 * @param {boolean} [forceLinearTransfer=false] - Whether to force a linear transfer or not.
+	 * @return {GLenum} The internal format.
+	 */
+	getInternalFormat( internalFormatName, glFormat, glType, normalized, colorSpace, forceLinearTransfer = false ) {
+
+		const { gl, extensions } = this;
+
+		if ( internalFormatName !== null ) {
+
+			if ( gl[ internalFormatName ] !== undefined ) return gl[ internalFormatName ];
+
+			warn( 'WebGLBackend: Attempt to use non-existing WebGL internal format \'' + internalFormatName + '\'' );
+
+		}
+
+		let extTextureNorm16 = null;
+
+		if ( normalized ) {
+
+			extTextureNorm16 = extensions.get( 'EXT_texture_norm16' );
+
+			if ( ! extTextureNorm16 ) {
+
+				warn( 'WebGLRenderer: Unable to use normalized textures without EXT_texture_norm16 extension' );
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		let internalFormat = glFormat;
+
+		if ( glFormat === gl.RED ) {
+
+			if ( glType === gl.FLOAT ) internalFormat = gl.R32F;
+			if ( glType === gl.HALF_FLOAT ) internalFormat = gl.R16F;
+			if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE ) internalFormat = gl.R8;
+			if ( glType === gl.BYTE ) internalFormat = gl.R8_SNORM;
+			if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT && extTextureNorm16 ) internalFormat = extTextureNorm16.R16_EXT;
+			if ( glType === gl.SHORT && extTextureNorm16 ) internalFormat = extTextureNorm16.R16_SNORM_EXT;
+
+		}
+
+		if ( glFormat === gl.RED_INTEGER ) {
+
+			if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE ) internalFormat = gl.R8UI;
+			if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT ) internalFormat = gl.R16UI;
+			if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_INT ) internalFormat = gl.R32UI;
+			if ( glType === gl.BYTE ) internalFormat = gl.R8I;
+			if ( glType === gl.SHORT ) internalFormat = gl.R16I;
+			if ( glType === gl.INT ) internalFormat = gl.R32I;
+
+		}
+
+		if ( glFormat === gl.RG ) {
+
+			if ( glType === gl.FLOAT ) internalFormat = gl.RG32F;
+			if ( glType === gl.HALF_FLOAT ) internalFormat = gl.RG16F;
+			if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE ) internalFormat = gl.RG8;
+			if ( glType === gl.BYTE ) internalFormat = gl.RG8_SNORM;
+			if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT && extTextureNorm16 ) internalFormat = extTextureNorm16.RG16_EXT;
+			if ( glType === gl.SHORT && extTextureNorm16 ) internalFormat = extTextureNorm16.RG16_SNORM_EXT;
+
+		}
+
+		if ( glFormat === gl.RG_INTEGER ) {
+
+			if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE ) internalFormat = gl.RG8UI;
+			if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT ) internalFormat = gl.RG16UI;
+			if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_INT ) internalFormat = gl.RG32UI;
+			if ( glType === gl.BYTE ) internalFormat = gl.RG8I;
+			if ( glType === gl.SHORT ) internalFormat = gl.RG16I;
+			if ( glType === gl.INT ) internalFormat = gl.RG32I;
+
+		}
+
+		if ( glFormat === gl.RGB ) {
+
+			const transfer = forceLinearTransfer ? LinearTransfer : ColorManagement.getTransfer( colorSpace );
+
+			if ( glType === gl.FLOAT ) internalFormat = gl.RGB32F;
+			if ( glType === gl.HALF_FLOAT ) internalFormat = gl.RGB16F;
+			if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE ) internalFormat = ( transfer === SRGBTransfer ) ? gl.SRGB8 : gl.RGB8;
+			if ( glType === gl.BYTE ) internalFormat = gl.RGB8_SNORM;
+			if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT && extTextureNorm16 ) internalFormat = extTextureNorm16.RGB16_EXT;
+			if ( glType === gl.SHORT && extTextureNorm16 ) internalFormat = extTextureNorm16.RGB16_SNORM_EXT;
+			if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5 ) internalFormat = gl.RGB565;
+			if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_5_5_1 ) internalFormat = gl.RGB5_A1;
+			if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT_4_4_4_4 ) internalFormat = gl.RGB4;
+			if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_INT_5_9_9_9_REV ) internalFormat = gl.RGB9_E5;
+			if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_INT_10F_11F_11F_REV ) internalFormat = gl.R11F_G11F_B10F;
+
+		}
+
+		if ( glFormat === gl.RGB_INTEGER ) {
+
+			if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE ) internalFormat = gl.RGB8UI;
+			if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT ) internalFormat = gl.RGB16UI;
+			if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_INT ) internalFormat = gl.RGB32UI;
+			if ( glType === gl.BYTE ) internalFormat = gl.RGB8I;
+			if ( glType === gl.SHORT ) internalFormat = gl.RGB16I;
+			if ( glType === gl.INT ) internalFormat = gl.RGB32I;
+
+		}
+
+		if ( glFormat === gl.RGBA ) {
+
+			const transfer = forceLinearTransfer ? LinearTransfer : ColorManagement.getTransfer( colorSpace );
+
+			if ( glType === gl.FLOAT ) internalFormat = gl.RGBA32F;
+			if ( glType === gl.HALF_FLOAT ) internalFormat = gl.RGBA16F;
+			if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE ) internalFormat = ( transfer === SRGBTransfer ) ? gl.SRGB8_ALPHA8 : gl.RGBA8;
+			if ( glType === gl.BYTE ) internalFormat = gl.RGBA8_SNORM;
+			if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT && extTextureNorm16 ) internalFormat = extTextureNorm16.RGBA16_EXT;
+			if ( glType === gl.SHORT && extTextureNorm16 ) internalFormat = extTextureNorm16.RGBA16_SNORM_EXT;
+			if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT_4_4_4_4 ) internalFormat = gl.RGBA4;
+			if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_5_5_1 ) internalFormat = gl.RGB5_A1;
+
+		}
+
+		if ( glFormat === gl.RGBA_INTEGER ) {
+
+			if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE ) internalFormat = gl.RGBA8UI;
+			if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT ) internalFormat = gl.RGBA16UI;
+			if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_INT ) internalFormat = gl.RGBA32UI;
+			if ( glType === gl.BYTE ) internalFormat = gl.RGBA8I;
+			if ( glType === gl.SHORT ) internalFormat = gl.RGBA16I;
+			if ( glType === gl.INT ) internalFormat = gl.RGBA32I;
+
+		}
+
+		if ( glFormat === gl.DEPTH_COMPONENT ) {
+
+			if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT ) internalFormat = gl.DEPTH_COMPONENT16;
+			if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_INT ) internalFormat = gl.DEPTH_COMPONENT24;
+			if ( glType === gl.FLOAT ) internalFormat = gl.DEPTH_COMPONENT32F;
+
+		}
+
+		if ( glFormat === gl.DEPTH_STENCIL ) {
+
+			if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_INT_24_8 ) internalFormat = gl.DEPTH24_STENCIL8;
+			if ( glType === gl.FLOAT ) internalFormat = gl.DEPTH32F_STENCIL8;
+
+		}
+
+		if ( internalFormat === gl.R16F || internalFormat === gl.R32F ||
+			internalFormat === gl.RG16F || internalFormat === gl.RG32F ||
+			internalFormat === gl.RGBA16F || internalFormat === gl.RGBA32F ) {
+
+			extensions.get( 'EXT_color_buffer_float' );
+
+		}
+
+		return internalFormat;
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets the texture parameters for the given texture.
+	 *
+	 * @param {GLenum} textureType - The texture type.
+	 * @param {Texture} texture - The texture.
+	 */
+	setTextureParameters( textureType, texture ) {
+
+		const { gl, extensions, backend } = this;
+		const { state } = this.backend;
+
+		const workingPrimaries = ColorManagement.getPrimaries( ColorManagement.workingColorSpace );
+		const texturePrimaries = texture.colorSpace === NoColorSpace ? null : ColorManagement.getPrimaries( texture.colorSpace );
+		const unpackConversion = texture.colorSpace === NoColorSpace || workingPrimaries === texturePrimaries ? gl.NONE : gl.BROWSER_DEFAULT_WEBGL;
+
+		state.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_FLIP_Y_WEBGL, texture.flipY );
+		state.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_PREMULTIPLY_ALPHA_WEBGL, texture.premultiplyAlpha );
+		state.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, texture.unpackAlignment );
+		state.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_COLORSPACE_CONVERSION_WEBGL, unpackConversion );
+
+		gl.texParameteri( textureType, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_S, wrappingToGL[ texture.wrapS ] );
+		gl.texParameteri( textureType, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_T, wrappingToGL[ texture.wrapT ] );
+
+		if ( textureType === gl.TEXTURE_3D || textureType === gl.TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY ) {
+
+			// WebGL 2 does not support wrapping for depth 2D array textures
+			if ( ! texture.isArrayTexture ) {
+
+				gl.texParameteri( textureType, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_R, wrappingToGL[ texture.wrapR ] );
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		gl.texParameteri( textureType, gl.TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, filterToGL[ texture.magFilter ] );
+
+
+		const hasMipmaps = texture.mipmaps.length > 0;
+
+		// follow WebGPU backend mapping for texture filtering
+		const minFilter = texture.minFilter === LinearFilter && hasMipmaps ? LinearMipmapLinearFilter : texture.minFilter;
+
+		gl.texParameteri( textureType, gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, filterToGL[ minFilter ] );
+
+		if ( texture.compareFunction ) {
+
+			gl.texParameteri( textureType, gl.TEXTURE_COMPARE_MODE, gl.COMPARE_REF_TO_TEXTURE );
+			gl.texParameteri( textureType, gl.TEXTURE_COMPARE_FUNC, compareToGL[ texture.compareFunction ] );
+
+		}
+
+		if ( extensions.has( 'EXT_texture_filter_anisotropic' ) === true ) {
+
+			if ( texture.magFilter === NearestFilter ) return;
+			if ( texture.minFilter !== NearestMipmapLinearFilter && texture.minFilter !== LinearMipmapLinearFilter ) return;
+			if ( texture.type === FloatType && extensions.has( 'OES_texture_float_linear' ) === false ) return; // verify extension for WebGL 1 and WebGL 2
+
+			if ( texture.anisotropy > 1 ) {
+
+				const extension = extensions.get( 'EXT_texture_filter_anisotropic' );
+				gl.texParameterf( textureType, extension.TEXTURE_MAX_ANISOTROPY_EXT, Math.min( texture.anisotropy, backend.capabilities.getMaxAnisotropy() ) );
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates a default texture for the given texture that can be used
+	 * as a placeholder until the actual texture is ready for usage.
+	 *
+	 * @param {Texture} texture - The texture to create a default texture for.
+	 */
+	createDefaultTexture( texture ) {
+
+		const { gl, backend, defaultTextures } = this;
+
+
+		const glTextureType = this.getGLTextureType( texture );
+
+		let textureGPU = defaultTextures[ glTextureType ];
+
+		if ( textureGPU === undefined ) {
+
+			textureGPU = gl.createTexture();
+
+			backend.state.bindTexture( glTextureType, textureGPU );
+			gl.texParameteri( glTextureType, gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl.NEAREST );
+			gl.texParameteri( glTextureType, gl.TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl.NEAREST );
+
+			// gl.texImage2D( glTextureType, 0, gl.RGBA, 1, 1, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, data );
+
+			defaultTextures[ glTextureType ] = textureGPU;
+
+		}
+
+		backend.set( texture, {
+			textureGPU,
+			glTextureType
+		} );
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Defines a texture on the GPU for the given texture object.
+	 *
+	 * @param {Texture} texture - The texture.
+	 * @param {Object} [options={}] - Optional configuration parameter.
+	 * @return {undefined}
+	 */
+	createTexture( texture, options ) {
+
+		const { gl, backend } = this;
+
+		let textureGPU, glTextureType, glFormat, glType, glInternalFormat;
+
+		if ( texture.isExternalTexture === true ) {
+
+			textureGPU = texture.sourceTexture;
+			glTextureType = this.getGLTextureType( texture );
+
+		} else {
+
+			const { levels, width, height, depth } = options;
+
+			glFormat = backend.utils.convert( texture.format, texture.colorSpace );
+			glType = backend.utils.convert( texture.type );
+			glInternalFormat = this.getInternalFormat( texture.internalFormat, glFormat, glType, texture.normalized, texture.colorSpace, texture.isVideoTexture );
+
+			textureGPU = gl.createTexture();
+			glTextureType = this.getGLTextureType( texture );
+
+			backend.state.bindTexture( glTextureType, textureGPU );
+
+			this.setTextureParameters( glTextureType, texture );
+
+			if ( texture.isArrayTexture || texture.isDataArrayTexture || texture.isCompressedArrayTexture ) {
+
+				gl.texStorage3D( gl.TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY, levels, glInternalFormat, width, height, depth );
+
+			} else if ( texture.isData3DTexture ) {
+
+				gl.texStorage3D( gl.TEXTURE_3D, levels, glInternalFormat, width, height, depth );
+
+			} else if ( ! texture.isVideoTexture ) {
+
+				gl.texStorage2D( glTextureType, levels, glInternalFormat, width, height );
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		backend.set( texture, {
+			textureGPU,
+			glTextureType,
+			glFormat,
+			glType,
+			glInternalFormat
+		} );
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Uploads texture buffer data to the GPU memory.
+	 *
+	 * @param {WebGLBuffer} buffer - The buffer data.
+	 * @param {Texture} texture - The texture,
+	 */
+	copyBufferToTexture( buffer, texture ) {
+
+		const { gl, backend } = this;
+		const { state } = backend;
+
+		const { textureGPU, glTextureType, glFormat, glType } = backend.get( texture );
+
+		const { width, height } = texture.source.data;
+
+		gl.bindBuffer( gl.PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, buffer );
+
+		backend.state.bindTexture( glTextureType, textureGPU );
+
+		state.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_FLIP_Y_WEBGL, false );
+		state.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_PREMULTIPLY_ALPHA_WEBGL, false );
+		gl.texSubImage2D( glTextureType, 0, 0, 0, width, height, glFormat, glType, 0 );
+
+		gl.bindBuffer( gl.PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, null );
+
+		backend.state.unbindTexture();
+		// debug
+		// const framebuffer = gl.createFramebuffer();
+		// backend.state.bindFramebuffer( gl.FRAMEBUFFER, framebuffer );
+		// gl.framebufferTexture2D( gl.FRAMEBUFFER, gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, glTextureType, textureGPU, 0 );
+
+		// const readout = new Float32Array( width * height * 4 );
+
+		// const altFormat = gl.getParameter( gl.IMPLEMENTATION_COLOR_READ_FORMAT );
+		// const altType = gl.getParameter( gl.IMPLEMENTATION_COLOR_READ_TYPE );
+
+		// gl.readPixels( 0, 0, width, height, altFormat, altType, readout );
+		// backend.state.bindFramebuffer( gl.FRAMEBUFFER, null );
+		// log( readout );
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Uploads the updated texture data to the GPU.
+	 *
+	 * @param {Texture} texture - The texture.
+	 * @param {Object} [options={}] - Optional configuration parameter.
+	 */
+	updateTexture( texture, options ) {
+
+		const { gl } = this;
+		const { width, height } = options;
+		const { textureGPU, glTextureType, glFormat, glType, glInternalFormat } = this.backend.get( texture );
+
+		if ( texture.isRenderTargetTexture || ( textureGPU === undefined /* unsupported texture format */ ) )
+			return;
+
+		this.backend.state.bindTexture( glTextureType, textureGPU );
+
+		this.setTextureParameters( glTextureType, texture );
+
+		if ( texture.isCompressedCubeTexture ) {
+
+			for ( let i = 0; i < 6; i ++ ) {
+
+				const mipmaps = texture.image[ i ].mipmaps;
+
+				for ( let j = 0; j < mipmaps.length; j ++ ) {
+
+					const mipmap = mipmaps[ j ];
+
+					if ( glFormat === gl.RGBA ) {
+
+						gl.texSubImage2D( gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X + i, j, 0, 0, mipmap.width, mipmap.height, glFormat, glType, mipmap.data );
+
+					} else if ( glFormat !== null ) {
+
+						gl.compressedTexSubImage2D( gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X + i, j, 0, 0, mipmap.width, mipmap.height, glFormat, mipmap.data );
+
+					} else {
+
+						warn( 'WebGLBackend: Unsupported compressed texture format' );
+
+					}
+
+				}
+
+			}
+
+		} else if ( texture.isCompressedTexture ) {
+
+			const mipmaps = texture.mipmaps;
+			const image = options.image;
+			const isCompressedFormat = ( glFormat !== null && glFormat !== gl.RGBA );
+
+			for ( let i = 0; i < mipmaps.length; i ++ ) {
+
+				const mipmap = mipmaps[ i ];
+
+				if ( texture.isCompressedArrayTexture ) {
+
+					if ( isCompressedFormat ) {
+
+						if ( texture.layerUpdates.size > 0 ) {
+
+							const layerByteLength = getByteLength( mipmap.width, mipmap.height, texture.format, texture.type );
+
+							for ( const layerIndex of texture.layerUpdates ) {
+
+								const layerData = mipmap.data.subarray(
+									layerIndex * layerByteLength / mipmap.data.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT,
+									( layerIndex + 1 ) * layerByteLength / mipmap.data.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT
+								);
+								gl.compressedTexSubImage3D( gl.TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY, i, 0, 0, layerIndex, mipmap.width, mipmap.height, 1, glFormat, layerData );
+
+							}
+
+						} else {
+
+							gl.compressedTexSubImage3D( gl.TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY, i, 0, 0, 0, mipmap.width, mipmap.height, image.depth, glFormat, mipmap.data );
+
+						}
+
+					} else if ( glFormat === gl.RGBA ) {
+
+						gl.texSubImage3D( gl.TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY, i, 0, 0, 0, mipmap.width, mipmap.height, image.depth, glFormat, glType, mipmap.data );
+
+					} else {
+
+						warn( 'WebGLBackend: Unsupported compressed texture format.' );
+
+					}
+
+				} else {
+
+					if ( isCompressedFormat ) {
+
+						gl.compressedTexSubImage2D( gl.TEXTURE_2D, i, 0, 0, mipmap.width, mipmap.height, glFormat, mipmap.data );
+
+					} else if ( glFormat === gl.RGBA ) {
+
+						gl.texSubImage2D( gl.TEXTURE_2D, i, 0, 0, mipmap.width, mipmap.height, glFormat, glType, mipmap.data );
+
+					} else {
+
+						warn( 'WebGLBackend: Unsupported compressed texture format.' );
+
+					}
+
+				}
+
+			}
+
+			if ( texture.isCompressedArrayTexture && texture.layerUpdates.size > 0 ) texture.clearLayerUpdates();
+
+		} else if ( texture.isCubeTexture ) {
+
+			const images = options.images;
+			const mipmaps = texture.mipmaps;
+
+			for ( let i = 0; i < 6; i ++ ) {
+
+				const image = getImage( images[ i ] );
+
+				gl.texSubImage2D( gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X + i, 0, 0, 0, width, height, glFormat, glType, image );
+
+				for ( let j = 0; j < mipmaps.length; j ++ ) {
+
+					const mipmap = mipmaps[ j ];
+					const image = getImage( mipmap.images[ i ] );
+
+					gl.texSubImage2D( gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X + i, j + 1, 0, 0, image.width, image.height, glFormat, glType, image );
+
+				}
+
+			}
+
+		} else if ( texture.isDataArrayTexture || texture.isArrayTexture ) {
+
+			const image = options.image;
+
+			if ( texture.layerUpdates.size > 0 ) {
+
+				const layerByteLength = getByteLength( image.width, image.height, texture.format, texture.type );
+
+				for ( const layerIndex of texture.layerUpdates ) {
+
+					const layerData = image.data.subarray(
+						layerIndex * layerByteLength / image.data.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT,
+						( layerIndex + 1 ) * layerByteLength / image.data.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT
+					);
+					gl.texSubImage3D( gl.TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY, 0, 0, 0, layerIndex, image.width, image.height, 1, glFormat, glType, layerData );
+
+				}
+
+				texture.clearLayerUpdates();
+
+			} else {
+
+				gl.texSubImage3D( gl.TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY, 0, 0, 0, 0, image.width, image.height, image.depth, glFormat, glType, image.data );
+
+			}
+
+		} else if ( texture.isData3DTexture ) {
+
+			const image = options.image;
+
+			gl.texSubImage3D( gl.TEXTURE_3D, 0, 0, 0, 0, image.width, image.height, image.depth, glFormat, glType, image.data );
+
+		} else if ( texture.isVideoTexture ) {
+
+			texture.update();
+
+			gl.texImage2D( glTextureType, 0, glInternalFormat, glFormat, glType, options.image );
+
+		} else if ( texture.isHTMLTexture ) {
+
+			if ( typeof gl.texElementImage2D === 'function' ) {
+
+				if ( gl.texElementImage2D.length === 3 ) {
+
+					// Chrome 150+
+
+					gl.texElementImage2D( gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.RGBA8, options.image );
+
+				} else {
+
+					// Chrome 138 - 149
+
+					gl.texElementImage2D( gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, options.image );
+
+				}
+
+			}
+
+		} else {
+
+			const mipmaps = texture.mipmaps;
+
+			if ( mipmaps.length > 0 ) {
+
+				for ( let i = 0, il = mipmaps.length; i < il; i ++ ) {
+
+					const mipmap = mipmaps[ i ];
+
+					const image = getImage( mipmap );
+					gl.texSubImage2D( glTextureType, i, 0, 0, mipmap.width, mipmap.height, glFormat, glType, image );
+
+				}
+
+			} else {
+
+				const image = getImage( options.image );
+				gl.texSubImage2D( glTextureType, 0, 0, 0, width, height, glFormat, glType, image );
+
+			}
+
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Generates mipmaps for the given texture.
+	 *
+	 * @param {Texture} texture - The texture.
+	 */
+	generateMipmaps( texture ) {
+
+		const { gl, backend } = this;
+		const { textureGPU, glTextureType } = backend.get( texture );
+
+		backend.state.bindTexture( glTextureType, textureGPU );
+		gl.generateMipmap( glTextureType );
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Deallocates the render buffers of the given render target.
+	 *
+	 * @param {RenderTarget} renderTarget - The render target.
+	 */
+	deallocateRenderBuffers( renderTarget ) {
+
+		const { gl, backend } = this;
+
+		// remove framebuffer reference
+		if ( renderTarget ) {
+
+			const renderContextData = backend.get( renderTarget );
+
+			renderContextData.renderBufferStorageSetup = undefined;
+
+			if ( renderContextData.framebuffers ) {
+
+				for ( const cacheKey in renderContextData.framebuffers ) {
+
+					gl.deleteFramebuffer( renderContextData.framebuffers[ cacheKey ] );
+
+				}
+
+				delete renderContextData.framebuffers;
+
+			}
+
+			if ( renderContextData.depthRenderbuffer ) {
+
+				gl.deleteRenderbuffer( renderContextData.depthRenderbuffer );
+				delete renderContextData.depthRenderbuffer;
+
+			}
+
+			if ( renderContextData.stencilRenderbuffer ) {
+
+				gl.deleteRenderbuffer( renderContextData.stencilRenderbuffer );
+				delete renderContextData.stencilRenderbuffer;
+
+			}
+
+			if ( renderContextData.msaaFrameBuffer ) {
+
+				gl.deleteFramebuffer( renderContextData.msaaFrameBuffer );
+				delete renderContextData.msaaFrameBuffer;
+
+			}
+
+			if ( renderContextData.msaaRenderbuffers ) {
+
+				for ( let i = 0; i < renderContextData.msaaRenderbuffers.length; i ++ ) {
+
+					gl.deleteRenderbuffer( renderContextData.msaaRenderbuffers[ i ] );
+
+				}
+
+				delete renderContextData.msaaRenderbuffers;
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Destroys the GPU data for the given texture object.
+	 *
+	 * @param {Texture} texture - The texture.
+	 * @param {boolean} [isDefaultTexture=false] - Whether the texture uses a default GPU texture or not.
+	 */
+	destroyTexture( texture, isDefaultTexture = false ) {
+
+		const { gl, backend } = this;
+		const { textureGPU, renderTarget } = backend.get( texture );
+
+		this.deallocateRenderBuffers( renderTarget );
+
+		if ( isDefaultTexture === false && texture.isExternalTexture !== true ) {
+
+			gl.deleteTexture( textureGPU );
+
+		}
+
+		backend.delete( texture );
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Copies data of the given source texture to the given destination texture.
+	 *
+	 * @param {Texture} srcTexture - The source texture.
+	 * @param {Texture} dstTexture - The destination texture.
+	 * @param {?(Box3|Box2)} [srcRegion=null] - The region of the source texture to copy.
+	 * @param {?(Vector2|Vector3)} [dstPosition=null] - The destination position of the copy.
+	 * @param {number} [srcLevel=0] - The source mip level to copy from.
+	 * @param {number} [dstLevel=0] - The destination mip level to copy to.
+	 */
+	copyTextureToTexture( srcTexture, dstTexture, srcRegion = null, dstPosition = null, srcLevel = 0, dstLevel = 0 ) {
+
+		const { gl, backend } = this;
+		const { state } = this.backend;
+
+		const { textureGPU: dstTextureGPU, glTextureType, glType, glFormat } = backend.get( dstTexture );
+
+		state.bindTexture( glTextureType, dstTextureGPU );
+
+		// gather the necessary dimensions to copy
+		let width, height, depth, minX, minY, minZ;
+		let dstX, dstY, dstZ;
+		const image = srcTexture.isCompressedTexture ? srcTexture.mipmaps[ dstLevel ] : srcTexture.image;
+
+		if ( srcRegion !== null ) {
+
+			width = srcRegion.max.x - srcRegion.min.x;
+			height = srcRegion.max.y - srcRegion.min.y;
+			depth = srcRegion.isBox3 ? srcRegion.max.z - srcRegion.min.z : 1;
+			minX = srcRegion.min.x;
+			minY = srcRegion.min.y;
+			minZ = srcRegion.isBox3 ? srcRegion.min.z : 0;
+
+		} else {
+
+			const levelScale = Math.pow( 2, - srcLevel );
+			width = Math.floor( image.width * levelScale );
+			height = Math.floor( image.height * levelScale );
+
+			if ( srcTexture.isDataArrayTexture || srcTexture.isArrayTexture ) {
+
+				depth = image.depth;
+
+			} else if ( srcTexture.isData3DTexture ) {
+
+				depth = Math.floor( image.depth * levelScale );
+
+			} else {
+
+				depth = 1;
+
+			}
+
+			minX = 0;
+			minY = 0;
+			minZ = 0;
+
+		}
+
+		if ( dstPosition !== null ) {
+
+			dstX = dstPosition.x;
+			dstY = dstPosition.y;
+			dstZ = dstPosition.z;
+
+		} else {
+
+			dstX = 0;
+			dstY = 0;
+			dstZ = 0;
+
+		}
+
+		state.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_FLIP_Y_WEBGL, dstTexture.flipY );
+		state.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_PREMULTIPLY_ALPHA_WEBGL, dstTexture.premultiplyAlpha );
+		state.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, dstTexture.unpackAlignment );
+
+		// used for copying data from cpu
+		const currentUnpackRowLen = state.getParameter( gl.UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH );
+		const currentUnpackImageHeight = state.getParameter( gl.UNPACK_IMAGE_HEIGHT );
+		const currentUnpackSkipPixels = state.getParameter( gl.UNPACK_SKIP_PIXELS );
+		const currentUnpackSkipRows = state.getParameter( gl.UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS );
+		const currentUnpackSkipImages = state.getParameter( gl.UNPACK_SKIP_IMAGES );
+
+		state.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, image.width );
+		state.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_IMAGE_HEIGHT, image.height );
+		state.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_SKIP_PIXELS, minX );
+		state.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS, minY );
+		state.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_SKIP_IMAGES, minZ );
+
+		// set up the src texture
+		const isSrc3D = srcTexture.isDataArrayTexture || srcTexture.isData3DTexture || srcTexture.isArrayTexture;
+		const isDst3D = dstTexture.isDataArrayTexture || dstTexture.isData3DTexture || dstTexture.isArrayTexture;
+
+		if ( srcTexture.isDepthTexture ) {
+
+			const srcTextureData = backend.get( srcTexture );
+
+			if ( this._srcFramebuffer === null ) this._srcFramebuffer = gl.createFramebuffer();
+			if ( this._dstFramebuffer === null ) this._dstFramebuffer = gl.createFramebuffer();
+
+			const attachment = srcTexture.format === DepthStencilFormat ? gl.DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT : gl.DEPTH_ATTACHMENT;
+
+			const prevReadFramebuffer = state.currentBoundFramebuffers[ gl.READ_FRAMEBUFFER ] ?? null;
+			const prevDrawFramebuffer = state.currentBoundFramebuffers[ gl.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER ] ?? null;
+
+			state.bindFramebuffer( gl.READ_FRAMEBUFFER, this._srcFramebuffer );
+			state.bindFramebuffer( gl.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, this._dstFramebuffer );
+
+			// color attachments of previous copies would make the framebuffers incomplete
+
+			gl.framebufferTexture2D( gl.READ_FRAMEBUFFER, gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, gl.TEXTURE_2D, null, 0 );
+			gl.framebufferTexture2D( gl.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, gl.TEXTURE_2D, null, 0 );
+
+			for ( let i = 0; i < depth; i ++ ) {
+
+				// if the source or destination are a 3d target then a layer needs to be bound
+				if ( isSrc3D ) {
+
+					gl.framebufferTextureLayer( gl.READ_FRAMEBUFFER, attachment, srcTextureData.textureGPU, srcLevel, minZ + i );
+
+				} else {
+
+					gl.framebufferTexture2D( gl.READ_FRAMEBUFFER, attachment, gl.TEXTURE_2D, srcTextureData.textureGPU, srcLevel );
+
+				}
+
+				if ( isDst3D ) {
+
+					gl.framebufferTextureLayer( gl.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, attachment, dstTextureGPU, dstLevel, dstZ + i );
+
+				} else {
+
+					gl.framebufferTexture2D( gl.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, attachment, gl.TEXTURE_2D, dstTextureGPU, dstLevel );
+
+				}
+
+				gl.blitFramebuffer( minX, minY, minX + width, minY + height, dstX, dstY, dstX + width, dstY + height, gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT, gl.NEAREST );
+
+			}
+
+			// detach the depth textures so subsequent color copies can reuse the framebuffers
+
+			gl.framebufferTexture2D( gl.READ_FRAMEBUFFER, attachment, gl.TEXTURE_2D, null, 0 );
+			gl.framebufferTexture2D( gl.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, attachment, gl.TEXTURE_2D, null, 0 );
+
+			state.bindFramebuffer( gl.READ_FRAMEBUFFER, prevReadFramebuffer );
+			state.bindFramebuffer( gl.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, prevDrawFramebuffer );
+
+		} else if ( srcLevel !== 0 || srcTexture.isRenderTargetTexture || backend.has( srcTexture ) ) {
+
+			// get the appropriate frame buffers
+			const srcTextureData = backend.get( srcTexture );
+
+			if ( this._srcFramebuffer === null ) this._srcFramebuffer = gl.createFramebuffer();
+			if ( this._dstFramebuffer === null ) this._dstFramebuffer = gl.createFramebuffer();
+
+			const prevReadFramebuffer = state.currentBoundFramebuffers[ gl.READ_FRAMEBUFFER ] ?? null;
+			const prevDrawFramebuffer = state.currentBoundFramebuffers[ gl.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER ] ?? null;
+
+			// bind the frame buffer targets
+			state.bindFramebuffer( gl.READ_FRAMEBUFFER, this._srcFramebuffer );
+			state.bindFramebuffer( gl.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, this._dstFramebuffer );
+
+			for ( let i = 0; i < depth; i ++ ) {
+
+				// assign the correct layers and mip maps to the frame buffers
+				if ( isSrc3D ) {
+
+					gl.framebufferTextureLayer( gl.READ_FRAMEBUFFER, gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, srcTextureData.textureGPU, srcLevel, minZ + i );
+
+				} else {
+
+					gl.framebufferTexture2D( gl.READ_FRAMEBUFFER, gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, gl.TEXTURE_2D, srcTextureData.textureGPU, srcLevel );
+
+				}
+
+				if ( isDst3D ) {
+
+					gl.framebufferTextureLayer( gl.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, dstTextureGPU, dstLevel, dstZ + i );
+
+				} else {
+
+					gl.framebufferTexture2D( gl.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, gl.TEXTURE_2D, dstTextureGPU, dstLevel );
+
+				}
+
+				// copy the data using the fastest function that can achieve the copy
+				if ( srcLevel !== 0 ) {
+
+					gl.blitFramebuffer( minX, minY, minX + width, minY + height, dstX, dstY, dstX + width, dstY + height, gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT, gl.NEAREST );
+
+				} else if ( isDst3D ) {
+
+					gl.copyTexSubImage3D( glTextureType, dstLevel, dstX, dstY, dstZ + i, minX, minY, width, height );
+
+				} else {
+
+					gl.copyTexSubImage2D( glTextureType, dstLevel, dstX, dstY, minX, minY, width, height );
+
+				}
+
+			}
+
+			// restore previous read, draw framebuffer bindings
+			state.bindFramebuffer( gl.READ_FRAMEBUFFER, prevReadFramebuffer );
+			state.bindFramebuffer( gl.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, prevDrawFramebuffer );
+
+		} else {
+
+			if ( isDst3D ) {
+
+				// copy data into the 3d texture
+				if ( srcTexture.isDataTexture || srcTexture.isData3DTexture ) {
+
+					gl.texSubImage3D( glTextureType, dstLevel, dstX, dstY, dstZ, width, height, depth, glFormat, glType, image.data );
+
+				} else if ( dstTexture.isCompressedArrayTexture ) {
+
+					gl.compressedTexSubImage3D( glTextureType, dstLevel, dstX, dstY, dstZ, width, height, depth, glFormat, image.data );
+
+				} else {
+
+					gl.texSubImage3D( glTextureType, dstLevel, dstX, dstY, dstZ, width, height, depth, glFormat, glType, image );
+
+				}
+
+			} else {
+
+				// copy data into the 2d texture
+				if ( srcTexture.isDataTexture ) {
+
+					gl.texSubImage2D( gl.TEXTURE_2D, dstLevel, dstX, dstY, width, height, glFormat, glType, image.data );
+
+				} else if ( srcTexture.isCompressedTexture ) {
+
+					gl.compressedTexSubImage2D( gl.TEXTURE_2D, dstLevel, dstX, dstY, image.width, image.height, glFormat, image.data );
+
+				} else {
+
+					gl.texSubImage2D( gl.TEXTURE_2D, dstLevel, dstX, dstY, width, height, glFormat, glType, image );
+
+				}
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		// reset values
+		state.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, currentUnpackRowLen );
+		state.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_IMAGE_HEIGHT, currentUnpackImageHeight );
+		state.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_SKIP_PIXELS, currentUnpackSkipPixels );
+		state.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS, currentUnpackSkipRows );
+		state.pixelStorei( gl.UNPACK_SKIP_IMAGES, currentUnpackSkipImages );
+
+		// Generate mipmaps only when copying level 0
+		if ( dstLevel === 0 && dstTexture.generateMipmaps === true && dstTexture.mipmapsAutoUpdate === true ) {
+
+			gl.generateMipmap( glTextureType );
+
+		}
+
+		state.unbindTexture();
+
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Copies the current bound framebuffer to the given texture.
+	 *
+	 * @param {Texture} texture - The destination texture.
+	 * @param {RenderContext} renderContext - The render context.
+	 * @param {Vector4} rectangle - A four dimensional vector defining the origin and dimension of the copy.
+	 */
+	copyFramebufferToTexture( texture, renderContext, rectangle ) {
+
+		const { gl } = this;
+		const { state } = this.backend;
+
+		const { textureGPU } = this.backend.get( texture );
+
+		const { x, y, z: width, w: height } = rectangle;
+
+		const requireDrawFrameBuffer = texture.isDepthTexture === true || ( renderContext.renderTarget && renderContext.renderTarget.samples > 0 );
+
+		const srcHeight = renderContext.renderTarget ? renderContext.renderTarget.height : this.backend.getDrawingBufferSize().y;
+
+		if ( requireDrawFrameBuffer ) {
+
+			const partial = ( x !== 0 || y !== 0 );
+			let mask;
+			let attachment;
+
+			if ( texture.isDepthTexture === true ) {
+
+				mask = gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT;
+				attachment = gl.DEPTH_ATTACHMENT;
+
+				if ( renderContext.stencil ) {
+
+					mask |= gl.STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT;
+
+				}
+
+			} else {
+
+				mask = gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT;
+				attachment = gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0;
+
+			}
+
+			if ( partial ) {
+
+				const renderTargetContextData = this.backend.get( renderContext.renderTarget );
+
+				const fb = renderTargetContextData.framebuffers[ renderContext.getCacheKey() ];
+				const msaaFrameBuffer = renderTargetContextData.msaaFrameBuffer;
+
+				state.bindFramebuffer( gl.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, fb );
+				state.bindFramebuffer( gl.READ_FRAMEBUFFER, msaaFrameBuffer );
+
+				const flippedY = srcHeight - y - height;
+
+				gl.blitFramebuffer( x, flippedY, x + width, flippedY + height, x, flippedY, x + width, flippedY + height, mask, gl.NEAREST );
+
+				state.bindFramebuffer( gl.READ_FRAMEBUFFER, fb );
+
+				state.bindTexture( gl.TEXTURE_2D, textureGPU );
+
+				gl.copyTexSubImage2D( gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, x, flippedY, width, height );
+
+				state.unbindTexture();
+
+			} else {
+
+				const fb = gl.createFramebuffer();
+
+				state.bindFramebuffer( gl.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, fb );
+
+				gl.framebufferTexture2D( gl.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, attachment, gl.TEXTURE_2D, textureGPU, 0 );
+				gl.blitFramebuffer( 0, 0, width, height, 0, 0, width, height, mask, gl.NEAREST );
+
+				gl.deleteFramebuffer( fb );
+
+			}
+
+		} else {
+
+			state.bindTexture( gl.TEXTURE_2D, textureGPU );
+			gl.copyTexSubImage2D( gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, x, srcHeight - height - y, width, height );
+
+			state.unbindTexture();
+
+		}
+
+		if ( texture.generateMipmaps === true && texture.mipmapsAutoUpdate === true ) this.generateMipmaps( texture );
+
+		this.backend._setFramebuffer( renderContext );
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * SetupS storage for internal depth/stencil buffers and bind to correct framebuffer.
+	 *
+	 * @param {WebGLRenderbuffer} renderbuffer - The render buffer.
+	 * @param {RenderContext} renderContext - The render context.
+	 * @param {number} samples - The MSAA sample count.
+	 * @param {boolean} [useMultisampledRTT=false] - Whether to use WEBGL_multisampled_render_to_texture or not.
+	 */
+	setupRenderBufferStorage( renderbuffer, renderContext, samples, useMultisampledRTT = false ) {
+
+		const { gl } = this;
+		const { depthTexture, renderTarget } = renderContext;
+
+		const { depthBuffer, stencilBuffer, width, height } = renderTarget;
+
+		gl.bindRenderbuffer( gl.RENDERBUFFER, renderbuffer );
+
+		if ( depthBuffer && ! stencilBuffer ) {
+
+			let glInternalFormat = gl.DEPTH_COMPONENT24;
+
+			if ( useMultisampledRTT === true ) {
+
+				const multisampledRTTExt = this.extensions.get( 'WEBGL_multisampled_render_to_texture' );
+
+				multisampledRTTExt.renderbufferStorageMultisampleEXT( gl.RENDERBUFFER, renderTarget.samples, glInternalFormat, width, height );
+
+			} else if ( samples > 0 ) {
+
+				if ( depthTexture && depthTexture.isDepthTexture ) {
+
+					if ( depthTexture.type === FloatType ) {
+
+						glInternalFormat = gl.DEPTH_COMPONENT32F;
+
+					}
+
+				}
+
+				gl.renderbufferStorageMultisample( gl.RENDERBUFFER, samples, glInternalFormat, width, height );
+
+			} else {
+
+				gl.renderbufferStorage( gl.RENDERBUFFER, glInternalFormat, width, height );
+
+			}
+
+			gl.framebufferRenderbuffer( gl.FRAMEBUFFER, gl.DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, gl.RENDERBUFFER, renderbuffer );
+
+		} else if ( depthBuffer && stencilBuffer ) {
+
+			if ( samples > 0 ) {
+
+				let glInternalFormat = gl.DEPTH24_STENCIL8;
+
+				if ( depthTexture && depthTexture.isDepthTexture ) {
+
+					if ( depthTexture.type === FloatType ) {
+
+						glInternalFormat = gl.DEPTH32F_STENCIL8;
+
+					}
+
+				}
+
+				gl.renderbufferStorageMultisample( gl.RENDERBUFFER, samples, glInternalFormat, width, height );
+
+			} else {
+
+				gl.renderbufferStorage( gl.RENDERBUFFER, gl.DEPTH_STENCIL, width, height );
+
+			}
+
+
+			gl.framebufferRenderbuffer( gl.FRAMEBUFFER, gl.DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, gl.RENDERBUFFER, renderbuffer );
+
+		}
+
+		gl.bindRenderbuffer( gl.RENDERBUFFER, null );
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns texture data as a typed array.
+	 *
+	 * @async
+	 * @param {Texture} texture - The texture to copy.
+	 * @param {number} x - The x coordinate of the copy origin.
+	 * @param {number} y - The y coordinate of the copy origin.
+	 * @param {number} width - The width of the copy.
+	 * @param {number} height - The height of the copy.
+	 * @param {number} faceIndex - The cube face, depth slice or array layer index.
+	 * @return {Promise<TypedArray>} A Promise that resolves with a typed array when the copy operation has finished.
+	 */
+	async copyTextureToBuffer( texture, x, y, width, height, faceIndex ) {
+
+		const { backend, gl } = this;
+
+		const { textureGPU, glFormat, glType } = this.backend.get( texture );
+
+		const fb = gl.createFramebuffer();
+
+		backend.state.bindFramebuffer( gl.READ_FRAMEBUFFER, fb );
+
+		if ( texture.isData3DTexture || texture.isDataArrayTexture || texture.isArrayTexture ) {
+
+			gl.framebufferTextureLayer( gl.READ_FRAMEBUFFER, gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, textureGPU, 0, faceIndex );
+
+		} else {
+
+			const target = texture.isCubeTexture ? gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X + faceIndex : gl.TEXTURE_2D;
+
+			gl.framebufferTexture2D( gl.READ_FRAMEBUFFER, gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, target, textureGPU, 0 );
+
+		}
+
+		const typedArrayType = this._getTypedArrayType( glType );
+		const bytesPerTexel = this._getBytesPerTexel( glType, glFormat );
+
+		const elementCount = width * height;
+		const byteLength = elementCount * bytesPerTexel;
+
+		const buffer = gl.createBuffer();
+
+		backend.state.pixelStorei( gl.PACK_ALIGNMENT, 1 );
+
+		gl.bindBuffer( gl.PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, buffer );
+		gl.bufferData( gl.PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, byteLength, gl.STREAM_READ );
+		gl.readPixels( x, y, width, height, glFormat, glType, 0 );
+		gl.bindBuffer( gl.PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, null );
+
+		await backend.utils._clientWaitAsync();
+
+		const dstBuffer = new typedArrayType( byteLength / typedArrayType.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT );
+
+		gl.bindBuffer( gl.PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, buffer );
+		gl.getBufferSubData( gl.PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, 0, dstBuffer );
+		gl.bindBuffer( gl.PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, null );
+
+		backend.state.bindFramebuffer( gl.READ_FRAMEBUFFER, null );
+
+		gl.deleteBuffer( buffer );
+		gl.deleteFramebuffer( fb );
+
+		return dstBuffer;
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the corresponding typed array type for the given WebGL data type.
+	 *
+	 * @private
+	 * @param {GLenum} glType - The WebGL data type.
+	 * @return {TypedArray.constructor} The typed array type.
+	 */
+	_getTypedArrayType( glType ) {
+
+		const { gl } = this;
+
+		if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE ) return Uint8Array;
+		if ( glType === gl.BYTE ) return Int8Array;
+
+		if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT_4_4_4_4 ) return Uint16Array;
+		if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_5_5_1 ) return Uint16Array;
+		if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5 ) return Uint16Array;
+		if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT ) return Uint16Array;
+		if ( glType === gl.SHORT ) return Int16Array;
+		if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_INT ) return Uint32Array;
+		if ( glType === gl.INT ) return Int32Array;
+		if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_INT_5_9_9_9_REV ) return Uint32Array;
+		if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_INT_10F_11F_11F_REV ) return Uint32Array;
+
+		if ( glType === gl.HALF_FLOAT ) return Uint16Array;
+		if ( glType === gl.FLOAT ) return Float32Array;
+
+		throw new Error( `THREE.WebGLTextureUtils: Unsupported WebGL type: ${glType}` );
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the bytes-per-texel value for the given WebGL data type and texture format.
+	 *
+	 * @private
+	 * @param {GLenum} glType - The WebGL data type.
+	 * @param {GLenum} glFormat - The WebGL texture format.
+	 * @return {number} The bytes-per-texel.
+	 */
+	_getBytesPerTexel( glType, glFormat ) {
+
+		const { gl } = this;
+
+		// packed types store all components of a texel in a single value
+
+		if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT_4_4_4_4 ||
+			glType === gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_5_5_1 ||
+			glType === gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5 ) return 2;
+
+		if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_INT_5_9_9_9_REV ||
+			glType === gl.UNSIGNED_INT_10F_11F_11F_REV ) return 4;
+
+		let bytesPerComponent = 0;
+
+		if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE ||
+			glType === gl.BYTE ) bytesPerComponent = 1;
+
+		if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT ||
+			glType === gl.SHORT ||
+			glType === gl.HALF_FLOAT ) bytesPerComponent = 2;
+
+		if ( glType === gl.UNSIGNED_INT ||
+			glType === gl.INT ||
+			glType === gl.FLOAT ) bytesPerComponent = 4;
+
+		if ( glFormat === gl.RGBA || glFormat === gl.RGBA_INTEGER ) return bytesPerComponent * 4;
+		if ( glFormat === gl.RGB ) return bytesPerComponent * 3;
+		if ( glFormat === gl.RG || glFormat === gl.RG_INTEGER ) return bytesPerComponent * 2;
+		if ( glFormat === gl.RED || glFormat === gl.RED_INTEGER || glFormat === gl.ALPHA ) return bytesPerComponent;
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Frees the internal resources.
+	 */
+	dispose() {
+
+		const { gl } = this;
+
+		if ( this._srcFramebuffer !== null ) gl.deleteFramebuffer( this._srcFramebuffer );
+		if ( this._dstFramebuffer !== null ) gl.deleteFramebuffer( this._dstFramebuffer );
+
+	}
+
+}
+
+function getImage( source ) {
+
+	if ( source.isDataTexture ) {
+
+		return source.image.data;
+
+	} else if ( ( typeof HTMLImageElement !== 'undefined' && source instanceof HTMLImageElement ) ||
+		( typeof HTMLCanvasElement !== 'undefined' && source instanceof HTMLCanvasElement ) ||
+		( typeof ImageBitmap !== 'undefined' && source instanceof ImageBitmap ) ||
+		( typeof OffscreenCanvas !== 'undefined' && source instanceof OffscreenCanvas ) ) {
+
+		return source;
+
+	}
+
+	return source.data;
+
+}
+
+export default WebGLTextureUtils;