@typecad/ui 1.0.0-alpha.13 → 1.0.0-alpha.15

package/src/ui-engine/runtime-header/text-rendering.ts

@@ -1,894 +1,894 @@
-// Slice of the C++ runtime header (original source lines 2995-3703).
-// Fonts, UTF-8, metrics, wrap, layout cache, all text draw variants, rich link hit.
-// See docs/superpowers/specs/2026-07-12-split-runtime-header-design.md.
-export function emitTextRendering(): string {
-  return `
-static inline const UIFontFace* ui_font_face(uint8_t id) {
-   if (id == 0) return nullptr;
-   for (uint16_t i = 0; i < __ui_font_face_count; i++) {
-     if (__ui_font_faces[i].id == id) return &__ui_font_faces[i];
-   }
-   return nullptr;
- }
-
- static inline const UIFontGlyph* ui_font_glyph(const UIFontFace* face, uint16_t codepoint) {
-   if (!face) return nullptr;
-  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < face->glyphCount; i++) {
-    if (face->glyphs[i].codepoint == codepoint) return &face->glyphs[i];
-  }
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-static inline uint8_t ui_font_alpha_at(const UIFontFace* face, const UIFontGlyph* glyph, uint16_t pixelIndex) {
-   if (!face || !glyph || !face->alpha) return 0;
-   uint16_t nibble = glyph->dataOffset + pixelIndex;
-   // Bounds check to prevent reading past the alpha array
-   if (nibble >> 1 >= 65535) return 0;
-#if defined(__AVR__)
-   uint8_t byte = pgm_read_byte(&face->alpha[nibble >> 1]);
-#else
-   uint8_t byte = face->alpha[nibble >> 1];
-#endif
-   return (nibble & 1) ? (byte & 0x0F) : (byte >> 4);
- }
-
-static inline uint16_t ui_next_utf8_codepoint(const unsigned char** p) {
-  const unsigned char* s = *p;
-  uint8_t b0 = *s++;
-  if (b0 < 0x80) {
-    *p = s;
-    return b0;
-  }
-  if ((b0 & 0xE0) == 0xC0 && (s[0] & 0xC0) == 0x80) {
-    uint16_t cp = (static_cast<uint16_t>(b0 & 0x1F) << 6) | static_cast<uint16_t>(s[0] & 0x3F);
-    *p = s + 1;
-    return cp;
-  }
-  if ((b0 & 0xF0) == 0xE0 && (s[0] & 0xC0) == 0x80 && (s[1] & 0xC0) == 0x80) {
-    uint16_t cp = (static_cast<uint16_t>(b0 & 0x0F) << 12) | (static_cast<uint16_t>(s[0] & 0x3F) << 6) | static_cast<uint16_t>(s[1] & 0x3F);
-    *p = s + 2;
-    return cp;
-  }
-  if ((b0 & 0xF8) == 0xF0 && (s[0] & 0xC0) == 0x80 && (s[1] & 0xC0) == 0x80 && (s[2] & 0xC0) == 0x80) {
-    *p = s + 3;
-    return '?';
-  }
-  *p = s;
-  return '?';
-}
-
-static inline uint16_t ui_asset_text_width(const char* text, const UIFontFace* face) {
-  if (!text || !face) return 0;
-  uint16_t w = 0;
-  const unsigned char* p = (const unsigned char*)text;
-  while (*p) {
-    uint16_t codepoint = ui_next_utf8_codepoint(&p);
-    const UIFontGlyph* glyph = ui_font_glyph(face, codepoint);
-    w += glyph ? glyph->advance : (face->lineHeight / 2);
-  }
-  return w;
-}
-
-static inline uint8_t ui_asset_text_height(const UIFontFace* face) {
-  return face ? face->lineHeight : 0;
-}
-
-static inline uint16_t ui_text_width(const char* text, uint8_t ts, uint8_t fontFace, int8_t letterSpacing) {
-  const UIFontFace* face = ui_font_face(fontFace);
-  if (face) return ui_asset_text_width(text, face);
-  if (!text) return 0;
-  if (ts == 0) ts = 2;
-  uint16_t w = 0;
-  for (const char* p = text; *p; p++) w += ts * 6 + letterSpacing;
-  return w;
-}
-
-static inline uint8_t ui_text_height(uint8_t ts, uint8_t fontFace) {
-  const UIFontFace* face = ui_font_face(fontFace);
-  if (face) return ui_asset_text_height(face);
-  return (ts ? ts : 2) * 8;
-}
-
-static inline uint8_t ui_text_line_height(uint8_t ts, uint8_t fontFace, uint8_t lineHeight) {
-  return lineHeight ? lineHeight : ui_text_height(ts, fontFace);
-}
-
-static inline uint8_t ui_is_text_space(char c) {
-  return c == ' ' || c == '\\t' || c == '\\f' || c == '\\v';
-}
-
-static inline uint8_t ui_is_text_newline(char c) {
-  return c == '\\n' || c == '\\r';
-}
-
-static inline const char* ui_after_text_newline(const char* p) {
-  if (!p || !*p) return p;
-  if (*p == '\\r' && p[1] == '\\n') return p + 2;
-  return p + 1;
-}
-
-static inline const char* ui_skip_wrap_spaces(const char* p) {
-  while (p && ui_is_text_space(*p)) p++;
-  return p;
-}
-
-static inline uint16_t ui_next_utf8_codepoint_bounded(const unsigned char** p, const unsigned char* end) {
-  const unsigned char* s = *p;
-  if (!s || s >= end) return 0;
-  uint8_t b0 = *s++;
-  if (b0 < 0x80) {
-    *p = s;
-    return b0;
-  }
-  if ((b0 & 0xE0) == 0xC0 && s < end && (s[0] & 0xC0) == 0x80) {
-    uint16_t cp = (static_cast<uint16_t>(b0 & 0x1F) << 6) | static_cast<uint16_t>(s[0] & 0x3F);
-    *p = s + 1;
-    return cp;
-  }
-  if ((b0 & 0xF0) == 0xE0 && s + 1 < end && (s[0] & 0xC0) == 0x80 && (s[1] & 0xC0) == 0x80) {
-    uint16_t cp = (static_cast<uint16_t>(b0 & 0x0F) << 12) | (static_cast<uint16_t>(s[0] & 0x3F) << 6) | static_cast<uint16_t>(s[1] & 0x3F);
-    *p = s + 2;
-    return cp;
-  }
-  if ((b0 & 0xF8) == 0xF0 && s + 2 < end && (s[0] & 0xC0) == 0x80 && (s[1] & 0xC0) == 0x80 && (s[2] & 0xC0) == 0x80) {
-    *p = s + 3;
-    return '?';
-  }
-  *p = s;
-  return '?';
-}
-
-static inline uint16_t ui_text_codepoint_advance(uint16_t codepoint, uint8_t ts, uint8_t fontFace, int8_t letterSpacing) {
-  const UIFontFace* face = ui_font_face(fontFace);
-  if (face) {
-    const UIFontGlyph* glyph = ui_font_glyph(face, codepoint);
-    return glyph ? glyph->advance : (face->lineHeight / 2);
-  }
-  int16_t adv = static_cast<int16_t>(ts ? ts : 2) * 6 + letterSpacing;
-  return adv > 0 ? static_cast<uint16_t>(adv) : 1;
-}
-
-static inline uint16_t ui_text_span_width(const char* start, const char* end, uint8_t ts, uint8_t fontFace, int8_t letterSpacing) {
-  if (!start || !end || end <= start) return 0;
-  uint16_t w = 0;
-  const unsigned char* p = (const unsigned char*)start;
-  const unsigned char* limit = (const unsigned char*)end;
-  while (p < limit && *p) {
-    uint16_t codepoint = ui_next_utf8_codepoint_bounded(&p, limit);
-    if (codepoint == 0) break;
-    w += ui_text_codepoint_advance(codepoint, ts, fontFace, letterSpacing);
-  }
-  return w;
-}
-
-struct UITextLine {
-  const char* start;
-  const char* end;
-  uint16_t width;
-};
-
-static inline uint8_t ui_text_next_line(const char** cursor, uint16_t maxWidth, uint8_t whiteSpaceMode, uint8_t ts, uint8_t fontFace, int8_t letterSpacing, UITextLine* out) {
-   if (!cursor || !*cursor || !out) return 0;
-   const char* p = *cursor;
-   if (!*p) return 0;
-   uint8_t hardNewlines = whiteSpaceMode == UI_WS_PRE || whiteSpaceMode == UI_WS_PRE_LINE;
-   uint8_t canWrap = (whiteSpaceMode == UI_WS_NORMAL || whiteSpaceMode == UI_WS_PRE_LINE) && maxWidth > 0;
-
-   if (whiteSpaceMode == UI_WS_NORMAL || whiteSpaceMode == UI_WS_PRE_LINE) {
-     p = ui_skip_wrap_spaces(p);
-   }
-   if (!*p) {
-     *cursor = p;
-     return 0;
-   }
-   if (hardNewlines && ui_is_text_newline(*p)) {
-     out->start = p;
-     out->end = p;
-     out->width = 0;
-     *cursor = ui_after_text_newline(p);
-     return 1;
-   }
-
-   const char* lineStart = p;
-   if (!canWrap) {
-     while (*p && !(hardNewlines && ui_is_text_newline(*p))) p++;
-     out->start = lineStart;
-     out->end = p;
-     out->width = ui_text_span_width(lineStart, p, ts, fontFace, letterSpacing);
-     *cursor = (hardNewlines && ui_is_text_newline(*p)) ? ui_after_text_newline(p) : p;
-     return 1;
-   }
-
-   uint16_t width = 0;
-   const char* lastBreakAfter = nullptr;
-   const char* lastBreakEnd = lineStart;
-   uint16_t lastBreakWidth = 0;
-   const char* lastNonSpaceEnd = lineStart;
-   uint16_t lastNonSpaceWidth = 0;
-
-   // Pre-compute string end bounds to avoid repeated scans in the loop
-   const unsigned char* textEnd = (const unsigned char*)p;
-   while (*textEnd) textEnd++;
-
-   while (*p && p < (const char*)textEnd) {
-     if (hardNewlines && ui_is_text_newline(*p)) break;
-     const char* charStart = p;
-     const unsigned char* next = (const unsigned char*)p;
-     uint16_t codepoint = ui_next_utf8_codepoint_bounded(&next, textEnd);
-     if (codepoint == 0) break;
-     const char* charEnd = (const char*)next;
-     uint8_t isBreakSpace = ui_is_text_space(*charStart) || (!hardNewlines && ui_is_text_newline(*charStart));
-     uint16_t adv = ui_text_codepoint_advance(codepoint, ts, fontFace, letterSpacing);
-
-     if (width > 0 && width + adv > maxWidth) {
-       if (lastBreakAfter && lastBreakAfter > lineStart) {
-         out->start = lineStart;
-         out->end = lastBreakEnd;
-         out->width = lastBreakWidth;
-         *cursor = lastBreakAfter;
-         return 1;
-       }
-       out->start = lineStart;
-       out->end = charStart;
-       out->width = width;
-       *cursor = charStart;
-       return 1;
-     }
-
-     width += adv;
-     p = charEnd;
-     if (isBreakSpace) {
-       lastBreakAfter = p;
-       lastBreakEnd = lastNonSpaceEnd;
-       lastBreakWidth = lastNonSpaceWidth;
-     } else {
-       lastNonSpaceEnd = p;
-       lastNonSpaceWidth = width;
-     }
-   }
-
-   out->start = lineStart;
-   if (whiteSpaceMode == UI_WS_NORMAL || whiteSpaceMode == UI_WS_PRE_LINE) {
-     out->end = lastNonSpaceEnd;
-     out->width = lastNonSpaceWidth;
-   } else {
-     out->end = p;
-     out->width = width;
-   }
-   *cursor = (hardNewlines && ui_is_text_newline(*p)) ? ui_after_text_newline(p) : p;
-   return 1;
- }
-
- static inline void ui_text_layout_metrics(const char* text, uint16_t maxWidth, uint8_t whiteSpaceMode, uint8_t ts, uint8_t fontFace, int8_t letterSpacing, uint8_t lineHeight, uint16_t* outW, uint16_t* outH) {
-  if (!text) text = "";
-  uint16_t maxLineW = 0;
-  uint16_t h = 0;
-  uint8_t lh = ui_text_line_height(ts, fontFace, lineHeight);
-  const char* cursor = text;
-  UITextLine line;
-  while (ui_text_next_line(&cursor, maxWidth, whiteSpaceMode, ts, fontFace, letterSpacing, &line)) {
-    if (line.width > maxLineW) maxLineW = line.width;
-    h += lh;
-  }
-  if (h == 0) h = lh;
-  if (outW) *outW = maxLineW;
-  if (outH) *outH = h;
-}
-
-static inline void ui_invalidate_text_layout_cache(uint16_t nodeIdx) {
-  if (nodeIdx < __ui_node_count) __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].layoutCacheKey = 0;
-}
-
-static inline uint32_t ui_text_layout_cache_key(uint16_t nodeIdx, uint16_t textMaxW) {
-  uint32_t key = textMaxW;
-  key = key * 31u + __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].whiteSpaceMode;
-  uint8_t ts = __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].textSize ? __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].textSize : 2;
-  key = key * 31u + ts;
-  key = key * 31u + __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].fontFace;
-  key = key * 31u + static_cast<uint8_t>(__ui_nodes[nodeIdx].letterSpacing + 128);
-  key = key * 31u + __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].lineHeight;
-  if (__ui_nodes[nodeIdx].hasTextBinding) {
-    const char* t = __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].textBuffer;
-    while (t && *t) {
-      key = key * 31u + static_cast<uint8_t>(*t);
-      t++;
-    }
-  }
-  return key | 1u;
-}
-
-static inline uint16_t ui_node_text_max_width(uint16_t nodeIdx) {
-  if (nodeIdx >= __ui_node_count) return 0;
-  uint16_t textMaxW = __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].box.w;
-  if (__ui_nodes[nodeIdx].kind == NODE_TEXT || __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].kind == NODE_BUTTON || __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].kind == NODE_SELECT) {
-    uint16_t hInset = static_cast<uint16_t>(__ui_nodes[nodeIdx].paddingLeft) + static_cast<uint16_t>(__ui_nodes[nodeIdx].paddingRight) +
-      static_cast<uint16_t>(__ui_nodes[nodeIdx].borderWidth) * 2;
-    textMaxW = __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].box.w > hInset ? static_cast<uint16_t>(__ui_nodes[nodeIdx].box.w - hInset) : 0;
-  } else if (__ui_nodes[nodeIdx].kind == NODE_CHECK || __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].kind == NODE_RADIO) {
-    textMaxW = __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].box.w > 22 ? static_cast<uint16_t>(__ui_nodes[nodeIdx].box.w - 22) : 0;
-  }
-  return textMaxW;
-}
-
-static inline void ui_node_text_layout_metrics(uint16_t nodeIdx, uint16_t textMaxW, uint16_t* outW, uint16_t* outH) {
-  if (nodeIdx >= __ui_node_count) {
-    if (outW) *outW = 0;
-    if (outH) *outH = 0;
-    return;
-  }
-  uint32_t key = ui_text_layout_cache_key(nodeIdx, textMaxW);
-  if (__ui_nodes[nodeIdx].layoutCacheKey == key) {
-    if (outW) *outW = __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].layoutMetricsW;
-    if (outH) *outH = __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].layoutMetricsH;
-    return;
-  }
-  const char* displayText = __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].hasTextBinding
-    ? __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].textBuffer
-    : __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].text;
-  uint8_t ts = __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].textSize ? __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].textSize : 2;
-  uint16_t tw = 0;
-  uint16_t th = 0;
-  ui_text_layout_metrics(displayText, textMaxW, __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].whiteSpaceMode, ts,
-    __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].fontFace, __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].letterSpacing, __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].lineHeight, &tw, &th);
-  __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].layoutCacheKey = key;
-  __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].layoutMetricsW = tw;
-  __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].layoutMetricsH = th;
-  if (outW) *outW = tw;
-  if (outH) *outH = th;
-}
-
-static inline void ui_copy_text_span(const char* start, const char* end, char* out, uint8_t outSize) {
-  if (!out || outSize == 0) return;
-  uint8_t len = 0;
-  while (start && end && start < end && *start && len + 1 < outSize) {
-    out[len++] = *start++;
-  }
-  out[len] = 0;
-}
-
-static inline uint8_t ui_draw_asset_text(const char* text, int16_t x, int16_t y, UI_COLOR_T fg, UI_COLOR_T bg, uint8_t antialias, uint8_t fontFace) {
-  const UIFontFace* face = ui_font_face(fontFace);
-  if (!text || !face) return 0;
-  int16_t cursor = x;
-  int16_t baseline = y + face->baseline;
-  int16_t targetLeft, targetTop, targetRight, targetBottom;
-  ui_display_target_bounds(&targetLeft, &targetTop, &targetRight, &targetBottom);
-  const unsigned char* p = (const unsigned char*)text;
-  while (*p) {
-    uint16_t codepoint = ui_next_utf8_codepoint(&p);
-    const UIFontGlyph* glyph = ui_font_glyph(face, codepoint);
-    if (!glyph) {
-      cursor += face->lineHeight / 2;
-      continue;
-    }
-    int16_t glyphX = cursor + glyph->xOffset;
-    int16_t glyphY = baseline + glyph->yOffset;
-    if (glyphX + static_cast<int16_t>(glyph->width) <= targetLeft || glyphX >= targetRight ||
-        glyphY + static_cast<int16_t>(glyph->height) <= targetTop || glyphY >= targetBottom) {
-      cursor += glyph->advance;
-      continue;
-    }
-    int16_t gxStart = glyphX < targetLeft ? static_cast<int16_t>(targetLeft - glyphX) : 0;
-    int16_t gyStart = glyphY < targetTop ? static_cast<int16_t>(targetTop - glyphY) : 0;
-    int16_t gxEnd = glyphX + static_cast<int16_t>(glyph->width) > targetRight ? static_cast<int16_t>(targetRight - glyphX) : glyph->width;
-    int16_t gyEnd = glyphY + static_cast<int16_t>(glyph->height) > targetBottom ? static_cast<int16_t>(targetBottom - glyphY) : glyph->height;
-    for (int16_t gy = gyStart; gy < gyEnd; gy++) {
-      for (int16_t gx = gxStart; gx < gxEnd; gx++) {
-        uint16_t pixelIndex = static_cast<uint16_t>(gy) * glyph->width + static_cast<uint16_t>(gx);
-        uint8_t alpha = ui_font_alpha_at(face, glyph, pixelIndex);
-        if (alpha == 0) continue;
-        int16_t dx = glyphX + gx;
-        int16_t dy = glyphY + gy;
-        if (antialias) {
-          if (fg == bg) {
-            // Transparent mode: can't blend (fg==bg → all alphas become fg).
-            // Use a threshold so only high-coverage pixels draw, avoiding
-            // the bumpy look from flattening sub-pixel coverage to solid.
-            if (alpha >= 8) ui_display_draw_pixel(dx, dy, fg);
-          } else {
-            ui_display_draw_pixel(dx, dy, alpha >= 15 ? fg : ui_blend(fg, bg, static_cast<uint8_t>(static_cast<uint16_t>(alpha) * 100 / 15)));
-          }
-        } else if (alpha >= 8) {
-          ui_display_draw_pixel(dx, dy, fg);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    cursor += glyph->advance;
-  }
-  return 1;
-}
-
-static inline void ui_draw_bitmap_text(const char* text, int16_t x, int16_t y, UI_COLOR_T fg, UI_COLOR_T bg, uint8_t ts, int8_t letterSpacing) {
-  if (!text) text = "";
-  if (ts == 0) ts = 2;
-  ui_display_set_text_color(fg, bg);
-  ui_display_set_text_size(ts);
-  ui_display_set_text_wrap(false);
-  // Draw char-by-char to apply letterSpacing between glyphs.
-  if (letterSpacing == 0) {
-    ui_display_set_cursor(x, y);
-    ui_display_print(text);
-  } else {
-    int16_t cx = x;
-    char buf[2] = {0, 0};
-    for (const char* p = text; *p; p++) {
-      ui_display_set_cursor(cx, y);
-      buf[0] = *p;
-      ui_display_print(buf);
-      cx += ts * 6 + letterSpacing;
-    }
-}
- }
-
- #ifdef UI_AA
- static CuttlefishCanvas16* __ui_aa_canvas = nullptr;
- static CuttlefishCanvas16* __ui_text_src_canvas = nullptr;
- static CuttlefishCanvas16* __ui_text_dst_canvas = nullptr;
-
- static inline CuttlefishCanvas16* ui_text_canvas(CuttlefishCanvas16** slot, int16_t w, int16_t h) {
-   if (w <= 0) w = 1;
-   if (h <= 0) h = 1;
-   if (!*slot || display_canvasWidth(*slot) < w || display_canvasHeight(*slot) < h) {
-     display_deleteCanvas(*slot);
-     *slot = display_createCanvas(w, h);
-   }
-   return *slot;
- }
-
- static inline uint8_t ui_text_fg_neighbors(CuttlefishCanvas16* src, int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w, int16_t h, UI_COLOR_T fg, uint8_t radius = 1) {
-  uint8_t count = 0;
-  for (int8_t dy = -static_cast<int8_t>(radius); dy <= static_cast<int8_t>(radius); dy++) {
-    int16_t yy = y + dy;
-    if (yy < 0 || yy >= h) continue;
-    for (int8_t dx = -static_cast<int8_t>(radius); dx <= static_cast<int8_t>(radius); dx++) {
-      int16_t xx = x + dx;
-      if (xx < 0 || xx >= w) continue;
-      if (display_canvasGetPixel(src, xx, yy) == fg) count++;
-    }
-  }
-  return count;
-}
-
-static inline uint8_t ui_text_aa_coverage(uint8_t neighbors, uint8_t outerNeighbors, uint8_t isFg, uint8_t ts) {
-  if (isFg) {
-    if (ts <= 1) return neighbors >= 4 ? 100 : 96;
-    if (ts == 2) return neighbors >= 8 ? 100 : neighbors >= 5 ? 96 : 92;
-    return neighbors >= 8 ? 100 : neighbors >= 6 ? 96 : neighbors >= 4 ? 90 : 84;
-  }
-  if (neighbors == 0) {
-    if (ts >= 3 && outerNeighbors > 0) {
-      uint8_t outer = outerNeighbors * 2;
-      return outer > 14 ? 14 : outer;
-    }
-    return 0;
-  }
-  uint8_t step = ts <= 1 ? 4 : ts == 2 ? 6 : 8;
-  uint8_t cap = ts <= 1 ? 18 : ts == 2 ? 28 : 38;
-  uint8_t coverage = neighbors * step;
-  return coverage > cap ? cap : coverage;
-}
-
-// ── Rasterized-glyph coverage cache (LVGL-style) ──────────────────────────
-// The classic-font AA pass neighbor-counts a 3x3 (5x5 for large sizes) kernel
-// per pixel of the whole line canvas on EVERY repaint — a 460px label at ts=2
-// costs ~70k canvas reads per frame. Classic 5x7 glyph cells are position-
-// independent (the 6ts cell's trailing gap column is blank and the sampling
-// radius never crosses it into the next glyph's pixels except the final gap
-// column's 1px outer halo, which lands on spacing), so per-(char, ts)
-// coverage is cacheable. Direct-mapped, color-independent (coverage is a
-// shape property; fg/bg enter only at blend time).
-#ifndef UI_AA_GLYPH_CACHE_SLOTS
-#if defined(__AVR__)
-#define UI_AA_GLYPH_CACHE_SLOTS 0
-#else
-#define UI_AA_GLYPH_CACHE_SLOTS 48
-#endif
-#endif
-#define UI_AA_GLYPH_CACHE_MAX_TS 3
-#if UI_AA_GLYPH_CACHE_SLOTS > 0
-struct UIGlyphCovEntry {
-  uint8_t ch;
-  uint8_t ts;
-  uint8_t valid;
-  uint8_t cov[(6 * UI_AA_GLYPH_CACHE_MAX_TS) * (8 * UI_AA_GLYPH_CACHE_MAX_TS + 1)];
-};
-static struct UIGlyphCovEntry __ui_glyph_cov[UI_AA_GLYPH_CACHE_SLOTS];
-static CuttlefishCanvas16* __ui_glyph_src_canvas = nullptr;
-
-// Compute (on miss) and return the cached coverage map for one glyph cell,
-// or nullptr when the size exceeds the cached range. The cell is
-// (6*ts) x (8*ts + 1) — the +1 bottom pad row matches the whole-line canvas
-// so bottom-edge coverage is identical.
-static const uint8_t* ui_aa_glyph_coverage(uint8_t ch, uint8_t ts) {
-  if (ts == 0U || ts > UI_AA_GLYPH_CACHE_MAX_TS) return nullptr;
-  uint16_t slot = static_cast<uint16_t>((static_cast<uint16_t>(ch) * 7U) + ts) % UI_AA_GLYPH_CACHE_SLOTS;
-  struct UIGlyphCovEntry* e = &__ui_glyph_cov[slot];
-  if (e->valid && e->ch == ch && e->ts == ts) return e->cov;
-  int16_t cw = static_cast<int16_t>(6 * ts);
-  int16_t chh = static_cast<int16_t>(8 * ts + 1);
-  if (cw <= 0 || chh <= 0) return nullptr;
-  if (!__ui_glyph_src_canvas || display_canvasWidth(__ui_glyph_src_canvas) < cw || display_canvasHeight(__ui_glyph_src_canvas) < chh) {
-    display_deleteCanvas(__ui_glyph_src_canvas);
-    __ui_glyph_src_canvas = display_createCanvas(cw, chh);
-  }
-  if (!__ui_glyph_src_canvas || !display_canvasBuffer(__ui_glyph_src_canvas)) return nullptr;
-  // Rasterize in black-on-white: coverage is shape-only (neighbor counts
-  // compare against the glyph color), independent of the draw-time colors.
-  const UI_COLOR_T cellFg = 0x0000;
-  const UI_COLOR_T cellBg = 0xFFFF;
-  display_canvasFillRect(__ui_glyph_src_canvas, 0, 0, cw, chh, cellBg);
-  display_targetSetCursor((CuttlefishDisplayTarget*)__ui_glyph_src_canvas, 0, 0);
-  display_targetSetTextColorBg((CuttlefishDisplayTarget*)__ui_glyph_src_canvas, cellFg, cellBg);
-  display_targetSetTextSize((CuttlefishDisplayTarget*)__ui_glyph_src_canvas, ts);
-  display_targetSetTextWrap((CuttlefishDisplayTarget*)__ui_glyph_src_canvas, false);
-  char buf[2] = { static_cast<char>(ch), 0 };
-  display_targetPrint((CuttlefishDisplayTarget*)__ui_glyph_src_canvas, buf);
-  uint16_t i = 0;
-  for (int16_t yy = 0; yy < chh; yy++) {
-    for (int16_t xx = 0; xx < cw; xx++) {
-      UI_COLOR_T px = display_canvasGetPixel(__ui_glyph_src_canvas, xx, yy);
-      uint8_t neighbors = ui_text_fg_neighbors(__ui_glyph_src_canvas, xx, yy, cw, chh, cellFg);
-      uint8_t outerNeighbors = 0;
-      if (ts >= 3U && px != cellFg && neighbors == 0U) {
-        outerNeighbors = ui_text_fg_neighbors(__ui_glyph_src_canvas, xx, yy, cw, chh, cellFg, 2);
-      }
-      e->cov[i++] = ui_text_aa_coverage(neighbors, outerNeighbors, px == cellFg ? 1U : 0U, ts);
-    }
-  }
-  e->ch = ch;
-  e->ts = ts;
-  e->valid = 1U;
-  return e->cov;
-}
-#else
-static const uint8_t* ui_aa_glyph_coverage(uint8_t /*ch*/, uint8_t /*ts*/) { return nullptr; }
-#endif
-
-static inline void ui_draw_aa_text(const char* text, int16_t x, int16_t y, UI_COLOR_T fg, UI_COLOR_T bg, uint8_t ts) {
-  if (!text || !*text) return;
-  if (ts == 0) ts = 2;
-  uint16_t w = ui_text_width(text, ts, 0, 0);
-  // Add 1px bottom padding so the AA edge-detection sampling doesn't clip the
-  // glyph bottoms (the neighbor-count at the last row rounds partial coverage
-  // to 0 without this clearance).
-  uint8_t h = ui_text_height(ts, 0) + 1;
-  if (w == 0 || h == 0 || fg == bg) {
-    ui_draw_bitmap_text(text, x, y, fg, bg, ts, 0);
-    return;
-  }
-  int16_t clipX = x;
-  int16_t clipY = y;
-  int16_t clipW = static_cast<int16_t>(w);
-  int16_t clipH = static_cast<int16_t>(h);
-  if (!ui_clip_rect_to_display_target(&clipX, &clipY, &clipW, &clipH)) return;
-  int16_t localX = static_cast<int16_t>(clipX - x);
-  int16_t localY = static_cast<int16_t>(clipY - y);
-
-  // Fast path (rasterized-glyph cache): when every glyph's coverage is
-  // cached, blend per-cell straight into dst — no line-canvas rasterization,
-  // no neighbor sampling. Identical coverage per pixel except the 1px outer
-  // halo the whole-line kernel lands on the final gap column before a glyph
-  // start (spacing-only; sub-perceptual).
-  {
-    const uint8_t* firstCov = ui_aa_glyph_coverage(static_cast<uint8_t>(text[0]), ts);
-    if (firstCov != nullptr) {
-      CuttlefishCanvas16* dst = ui_text_canvas(&__ui_text_dst_canvas, static_cast<int16_t>(w), static_cast<int16_t>(h));
-      if (dst && display_canvasBuffer(dst)) {
-        display_canvasFillRect(dst, localX, localY, clipW, clipH, bg);
-        int16_t cellW = static_cast<int16_t>(6 * ts);
-        int16_t cellH = static_cast<int16_t>(8 * ts + 1);
-        int16_t cellX = 0;
-        for (const char* p2 = text; *p2; p2++) {
-          const uint8_t* cov = (p2 == text) ? firstCov : ui_aa_glyph_coverage(static_cast<uint8_t>(*p2), ts);
-          if (!cov) break;  // size fell out of the cached range mid-string
-          int16_t sx0 = cellX < localX ? static_cast<int16_t>(localX - cellX) : 0;
-          int16_t sy0 = localY;
-          int16_t sx1 = static_cast<int16_t>(cellX + cellW < localX + clipW ? cellX + cellW : localX + clipW);
-          int16_t sy1 = static_cast<int16_t>(localY + clipH < cellH ? localY + clipH : cellH);
-          for (int16_t yy = sy0; yy < sy1; yy++) {
-            for (int16_t xx = static_cast<int16_t>(cellX + sx0); xx < sx1; xx++) {
-              uint8_t coverage = cov[static_cast<uint16_t>(yy) * static_cast<uint16_t>(cellW) + static_cast<uint16_t>(xx - cellX)];
-              display_targetDrawPixel((CuttlefishDisplayTarget*)dst, xx, yy,
-                coverage == 0U ? bg : ui_blend(fg, bg, coverage));
-            }
-          }
-          cellX += cellW;
-          if (cellX >= localX + clipW) break;
-        }
-        int16_t stride = display_canvasWidth(dst);
-        UI_COLOR_T* pixels = display_canvasBuffer(dst);
-        for (int16_t row = 0; row < clipH; row++) {
-          ui_display_draw_rgb_bitmap(clipX, static_cast<int16_t>(clipY + row),
-            pixels + static_cast<int32_t>(localY + row) * stride + localX, clipW, 1);
-        }
-        return;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-// Use pre-allocated static canvases (no dynamic allocation)
-   CuttlefishCanvas16* src = ui_text_canvas(&__ui_text_src_canvas, static_cast<int16_t>(w), static_cast<int16_t>(h));
-   CuttlefishCanvas16* dst = ui_text_canvas(&__ui_text_dst_canvas, static_cast<int16_t>(w), static_cast<int16_t>(h));
-   if (!src || !dst || !display_canvasBuffer(src) || !display_canvasBuffer(dst)) {
-     ui_draw_bitmap_text(text, x, y, fg, bg, ts, 0);
-     return;
-   }
-
-   display_canvasFillRect(src, 0, 0, w, h, bg);
-   display_canvasFillRect(dst, localX, localY, clipW, clipH, bg);
-   display_targetSetCursor((CuttlefishDisplayTarget*)src, 0, 0);
-   display_targetSetTextColorBg((CuttlefishDisplayTarget*)src, fg, bg);
-   display_targetSetTextSize((CuttlefishDisplayTarget*)src, ts);
-   display_targetSetTextWrap((CuttlefishDisplayTarget*)src, false);
-   display_targetPrint((CuttlefishDisplayTarget*)src, text);
-
-   for (int16_t yy = localY; yy < localY + clipH; yy++) {
-     for (int16_t xx = localX; xx < localX + clipW; xx++) {
-       UI_COLOR_T px = display_canvasGetPixel(src, xx, yy);
-       uint8_t neighbors = ui_text_fg_neighbors(src, xx, yy, static_cast<int16_t>(w), h, fg);
-       uint8_t outerNeighbors = 0;
-       if (ts >= 3 && px != fg && neighbors == 0) {
-         outerNeighbors = ui_text_fg_neighbors(src, xx, yy, static_cast<int16_t>(w), h, fg, 2);
-       }
-       uint8_t coverage = ui_text_aa_coverage(neighbors, outerNeighbors, px == fg ? 1 : 0, ts);
-       display_targetDrawPixel((CuttlefishDisplayTarget*)dst, xx, yy, coverage == 0 ? bg : ui_blend(fg, bg, coverage));
-     }
-   }
-
-   int16_t stride = display_canvasWidth(dst);
-   UI_COLOR_T* pixels = display_canvasBuffer(dst);
-   for (int16_t row = 0; row < clipH; row++) {
-     ui_display_draw_rgb_bitmap(clipX, static_cast<int16_t>(clipY + row),
-       pixels + static_cast<int32_t>(localY + row) * stride + localX, clipW, 1);
-   }
- }
-
-static inline void ui_draw_text(const char* text, int16_t x, int16_t y, UI_COLOR_T fg, UI_COLOR_T bg, uint8_t ts, uint8_t antialias, uint8_t fontFace, int8_t letterSpacing) {
-  if (fontFace && ui_draw_asset_text(text, x, y, fg, bg, antialias, fontFace)) {
-    return;
-  }
-  // Only use AA when fg != bg (opaque background). When fg == bg (transparent
-  // mode), the AA source canvas fills entirely with fg — no edges to detect,
-  // producing a solid rectangle instead of text.
-  if (antialias && fg != bg && letterSpacing == 0) {
-    ui_draw_aa_text(text, x, y, fg, bg, ts);
-    return;
-  }
-  ui_draw_bitmap_text(text, x, y, fg, bg, ts, letterSpacing);
-}
-#else
-static inline void ui_draw_text(const char* text, int16_t x, int16_t y, UI_COLOR_T fg, UI_COLOR_T bg, uint8_t ts, uint8_t antialias, uint8_t fontFace, int8_t letterSpacing) {
-  (void)antialias;
-  if (fontFace && ui_draw_asset_text(text, x, y, fg, bg, antialias, fontFace)) {
-    return;
-  }
-  ui_draw_bitmap_text(text, x, y, fg, bg, ts, letterSpacing);
-}
-#endif
-
-// Draw classic list rows without routing through CuttlefishGFX::print(). The
-// Zephyr native target uses CuttlefishGFX for both the panel and RGB565 canvas;
-// its virtual text path is reliable on the panel but can be lost when the
-// canvas is later copied to the panel. Writing the same 5x7 glyphs through the
-// normal pixel/fill shims keeps the row pixels in the canvas buffer and works
-// for both cached-list and band-list rendering. Other adapters retain the
-// existing ui_draw_text fallback because they provide their own canvas text
-// implementation.
-static inline void ui_draw_list_text(const char* text, int16_t x, int16_t y,
-                                      UI_COLOR_T fg, UI_COLOR_T bg, uint8_t ts,
-                                      uint8_t fontFace, int8_t letterSpacing) {
-#if defined(CUTTLEFISH_GFX_DEFINED)
-  if (fontFace == 0) {
-    if (!text) text = "";
-    if (ts == 0) ts = 2;
-    int16_t cx = x;
-    for (const unsigned char* p = (const unsigned char*)text; *p; p++) {
-      uint8_t ch = *p;
-      // CuttlefishGFX's classic font is the full 256-glyph Adafruit table.
-      for (uint8_t col = 0; col < 5; col++) {
-        uint8_t bits = cuttlefish_glcdfont[static_cast<uint16_t>(ch) * 5u + col];
-        for (uint8_t row = 0; row < 7; row++) {
-          if (bits & static_cast<uint8_t>(1u << row)) {
-            ui_display_fill_rect(static_cast<int16_t>(cx + static_cast<int16_t>(col) * ts),
-              static_cast<int16_t>(y + static_cast<int16_t>(row) * ts), ts, ts, fg);
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      // Match the classic GFX advance: five columns plus one blank column.
-      cx = static_cast<int16_t>(cx + static_cast<int16_t>(ts) * 6 + letterSpacing);
-    }
-    return;
-  }
-#endif
-  ui_draw_text(text, x, y, fg, bg, ts, 0, fontFace, letterSpacing);
-}
-
-// Direct-panel list fallback. CuttlefishGFX's bitmap glyph path above is
-// intentionally used for RAM canvases, but a few native panel adapters only
-// commit their text state correctly through print()/drawChar(). Use that
-// established path when the list is painted straight to the panel; the caller
-// keeps the whole list inside one write transaction, so this does not expose a
-// partially composed row set.
-static inline void ui_draw_list_text_direct(const char* text, int16_t x, int16_t y,
-                                             UI_COLOR_T fg, UI_COLOR_T bg, uint8_t ts,
-                                             uint8_t fontFace, int8_t letterSpacing) {
-  if (fontFace == 0) {
-    ui_draw_bitmap_text(text, x, y, fg, bg, ts, letterSpacing);
-  } else {
-    ui_draw_text(text, x, y, fg, bg, ts, 0, fontFace, letterSpacing);
-  }
-}
-
-/** Truncate a NUL-terminated buffer in place to fit within maxWidth (px) and
- *  append "...". Used by text-overflow: ellipsis. Adafruit_GFX has no ellipsis
- *  glyph, so three ASCII dots approximate it. */
-static inline void ui_truncate_ellipsis(char* buf, uint8_t bufSize, uint16_t maxWidth,
-                                        uint8_t ts, uint8_t fontFace, int8_t letterSpacing) {
-  if (!buf || bufSize == 0) return;
-  uint8_t len = static_cast<uint8_t>(strlen(buf));
-  // Reserve space for the three trailing dots.
-  uint16_t dotsW = static_cast<uint16_t>(3) * ui_text_codepoint_advance(static_cast<uint16_t>('.'), ts, fontFace, letterSpacing);
-  int16_t budget = static_cast<int16_t>(maxWidth) - static_cast<int16_t>(dotsW);
-  if (budget <= 0) { if (bufSize > 3) { buf[0]='.'; buf[1]='.'; buf[2]='.'; buf[3]=0; } return; }
-  // Measure once, then remove one UTF-8 codepoint at a time from the end.
-  // The previous prefix-- loop rescanned the whole prefix on every iteration
-  // (O(n²)); this keeps truncation linear for long bound strings.
-  uint8_t prefix = len;
-  uint16_t prefixW = ui_text_span_width(buf, buf + prefix, ts, fontFace, letterSpacing);
-  while (prefix > 0 && static_cast<int16_t>(prefixW) > budget) {
-    uint8_t cut = static_cast<uint8_t>(prefix - 1);
-    while (cut > 0 && (static_cast<uint8_t>(buf[cut]) & 0xC0) == 0x80) cut--;
-    uint16_t removed = ui_text_span_width(buf + cut, buf + prefix, ts, fontFace, letterSpacing);
-    prefixW = prefixW > removed ? static_cast<uint16_t>(prefixW - removed) : 0;
-    prefix = cut;
-  }
-  if (prefix + 3 < bufSize) {
-    buf[prefix] = '.'; buf[prefix+1] = '.'; buf[prefix+2] = '.'; buf[prefix+3] = 0;
-  } else if (bufSize > 3) {
-    buf[0]='.'; buf[1]='.'; buf[2]='.'; buf[3]=0;
-  }
-}
-
-// text-overflow: clip — trim trailing chars until the prefix fits maxWidth,
-// then NUL-terminate. No trailing dots (contrast with ui_truncate_ellipsis).
-static inline void ui_truncate_clip(char* buf, uint8_t bufSize, uint16_t maxWidth,
-                                     uint8_t ts, uint8_t fontFace, int8_t letterSpacing) {
-  if (!buf || bufSize == 0) return;
-  uint8_t len = static_cast<uint8_t>(strlen(buf));
-  uint8_t prefix = len;
-  uint16_t prefixW = ui_text_span_width(buf, buf + prefix, ts, fontFace, letterSpacing);
-  while (prefix > 0 && static_cast<int16_t>(prefixW) > static_cast<int16_t>(maxWidth)) {
-    uint8_t cut = static_cast<uint8_t>(prefix - 1);
-    while (cut > 0 && (static_cast<uint8_t>(buf[cut]) & 0xC0) == 0x80) cut--;
-    uint16_t removed = ui_text_span_width(buf + cut, buf + prefix, ts, fontFace, letterSpacing);
-    prefixW = prefixW > removed ? static_cast<uint16_t>(prefixW - removed) : 0;
-    prefix = cut;
-  }
-  if (prefix < bufSize) buf[prefix] = 0;
-}
-
-static inline void ui_draw_wrapped_text(const char* text, int16_t x, int16_t y, uint16_t maxWidth, UI_COLOR_T fg, UI_COLOR_T bg,
-                                        uint8_t ts, uint8_t antialias, uint8_t fontFace, int8_t letterSpacing,
-                                        uint8_t lineHeight, uint8_t whiteSpaceMode, uint8_t textAlign, uint8_t underline, uint8_t textOverflow) {
-  if (!text) text = "";
-  uint8_t lh = ui_text_line_height(ts, fontFace, lineHeight);
-  const char* cursor = text;
-  int16_t lineY = y;
-  UITextLine line;
-  char lineBuf[UI_TEXT_LINE_BUF];
-  int16_t targetLeft, targetTop, targetRight, targetBottom;
-  ui_display_target_bounds(&targetLeft, &targetTop, &targetRight, &targetBottom);
-  while (ui_text_next_line(&cursor, maxWidth, whiteSpaceMode, ts, fontFace, letterSpacing, &line)) {
-    int16_t lineBottom = static_cast<int16_t>(lineY + lh);
-    if (lineBottom <= targetTop || lineY >= targetBottom) {
-      lineY += lh;
-      continue;
-    }
-    int16_t lineX = x;
-    if (textAlign == 1) lineX = x + (static_cast<int16_t>(maxWidth) - static_cast<int16_t>(line.width)) / 2;
-    else if (textAlign == 2) lineX = x + static_cast<int16_t>(maxWidth) - static_cast<int16_t>(line.width);
-    if (lineX + static_cast<int16_t>(line.width) <= targetLeft || lineX >= targetRight) {
-      lineY += lh;
-      continue;
-    }
-    ui_copy_text_span(line.start, line.end, lineBuf, UI_TEXT_LINE_BUF);
-    // text-overflow — only applies when the line is wider than maxWidth.
-    //   textOverflow==1 (ellipsis): trim the span and append "...".
-    //   textOverflow==0 (clip):     trim the span to the edge, no dots.
-    if (static_cast<int16_t>(line.width) > static_cast<int16_t>(maxWidth)) {
-      if (textOverflow) ui_truncate_ellipsis(lineBuf, UI_TEXT_LINE_BUF, maxWidth, ts, fontFace, letterSpacing);
-      else              ui_truncate_clip(lineBuf, UI_TEXT_LINE_BUF, maxWidth, ts, fontFace, letterSpacing);
-    }
-    ui_draw_text(lineBuf, lineX, lineY, fg, bg, ts, antialias, fontFace, letterSpacing);
-    // text-decoration (underline=bit0, strikethrough=bit1)
-    if (underline & 1) ui_display_draw_fast_hline(lineX, lineY + ui_text_height(ts, fontFace) - 1, line.width, fg);
-    if (underline & 2) ui_display_draw_fast_hline(lineX, lineY + ui_text_height(ts, fontFace) / 2, line.width, fg);
-    lineY += lh;
-  }
-}
-
-// Draw a rich-text node from its precomputed run/segment/line geometry. Does
-// NOT re-wrap — the geometry was baked at transpile time (runs are static-only,
-// so the text never changes at runtime). Iterate segments once, skip lines and
-// segments outside the active draw target, and compute each segment's line
-// origin from textAlign + line width. Mixed font sizes align on the line's
-// baseline (each segment's top = baseline − its own ascent).
-static inline void ui_draw_rich_text(uint16_t nodeIdx, int16_t x, int16_t y, UI_COLOR_T bg, uint8_t antialias,
-                                     uint8_t useFgOverride = 0, UI_COLOR_T fgOverride = 0, uint16_t maxWidth = 0) {
-  UINode* n = &__ui_nodes[nodeIdx];
-  uint16_t alignWidth = maxWidth ? maxWidth : n->box.w;
-  int16_t targetLeft = static_cast<int16_t>(-__ui_draw_off_x);
-  int16_t targetTop = static_cast<int16_t>(-__ui_draw_off_y);
-  int16_t targetRight = static_cast<int16_t>(ui_display_target_width() - __ui_draw_off_x);
-  int16_t targetBottom = static_cast<int16_t>(ui_display_target_height() - __ui_draw_off_y);
-  uint16_t richSegEnd = static_cast<uint16_t>(n->richSegStart + n->richSegCount);
-  for (uint16_t si = n->richSegStart; si < richSegEnd; si++) {
-    UIRichSeg* seg = &__ui_rich_segs[si];
-    if (seg->line >= n->richLineCount) continue;
-    UIRichLine* line = &__ui_rich_lines[n->richLineStart + seg->line];
-    int16_t lineTop = y + line->y;
-    int16_t lineBottom = static_cast<int16_t>(lineTop + static_cast<int16_t>(line->h));
-    if (lineBottom <= targetTop || lineTop >= targetBottom) continue;
-    int16_t lineX = x;
-    if (n->textAlign == 1) lineX = x + (static_cast<int16_t>(alignWidth) - static_cast<int16_t>(line->w)) / 2;
-    else if (n->textAlign == 2) lineX = x + static_cast<int16_t>(alignWidth) - static_cast<int16_t>(line->w);
-    int16_t segX = static_cast<int16_t>(lineX + seg->x);
-    int16_t segRight = static_cast<int16_t>(segX + static_cast<int16_t>(seg->w));
-    if (segRight <= targetLeft || segX >= targetRight) continue;
-    UIRichRun* run = &__ui_runs[n->runStart + seg->runIndex];
-    // Baseline alignment: for asset fonts, the ascent is the font face's
-    // baseline (baked per px size); for the bitmap font (fontFace=0), it's the
-    // 5x8 glyph ascent (7px × textSize). Using the wrong ascent misaligns runs
-    // vertically and makes mixed rich-text lines look garbled.
-    int16_t ascent;
-    if (run->fontFace) {
-      const UIFontFace* face = ui_font_face(run->fontFace);
-      ascent = face ? static_cast<int16_t>(face->baseline) : (7 * static_cast<int16_t>(run->textSize));
-    } else {
-      ascent = 7 * static_cast<int16_t>(run->textSize);
-    }
-    int16_t segY = y + line->baseline - ascent;
-    UI_COLOR_T fg = useFgOverride ? fgOverride : run->fg;
-    ui_draw_text(seg->text, segX, segY, fg, bg, run->textSize, antialias, run->fontFace, run->letterSpacing);
-    if (run->underline & 1) ui_display_draw_fast_hline(segX, segY + 8 * run->textSize - 1, seg->w, fg);
-    if (run->underline & 2) ui_display_draw_fast_hline(segX, segY + 4 * run->textSize, seg->w, fg);
-  }
-}
-
-// Hit-test a tap point (in node-local coordinates) against a rich-text node's
-// link runs. Returns the link run's resolved screen index, or -1 if the point
-// doesn't land on a link segment. Mirrors the list-item subdivision precedent
-// but uses measured segment rects instead of fixed row heights.
-static inline int8_t ui_rich_link_hit(uint16_t nodeIdx, int16_t px, int16_t py) {
-  UINode* n = &__ui_nodes[nodeIdx];
-  int16_t insetL = static_cast<int16_t>(n->borderWidth) + static_cast<int16_t>(n->paddingLeft);
-  int16_t insetR = static_cast<int16_t>(n->borderWidth) + static_cast<int16_t>(n->paddingRight);
-  int16_t insetT = static_cast<int16_t>(n->borderWidth) + static_cast<int16_t>(n->paddingTop);
-  int16_t localX = px - insetL;
-  int16_t localY = py - insetT;
-  uint16_t alignWidth = n->box.w > static_cast<uint16_t>(insetL + insetR)
-    ? static_cast<uint16_t>(static_cast<int16_t>(n->box.w) - insetL - insetR)
-    : 0;
-  for (uint16_t si = n->richSegStart; si < n->richSegStart + n->richSegCount; si++) {
-    UIRichSeg* seg = &__ui_rich_segs[si];
-    UIRichRun* run = &__ui_runs[n->runStart + seg->runIndex];
-    if (run->linkTarget < 0) continue;
-    UIRichLine* line = &__ui_rich_lines[n->richLineStart + seg->line];
-    // Segment x is relative to its line's left edge (pre-alignment). For the
-    // hit-test, account for center/right alignment the same way draw does.
-    int16_t originX = 0;
-    if (n->textAlign == 1) originX = (static_cast<int16_t>(alignWidth) - static_cast<int16_t>(line->w)) / 2;
-    else if (n->textAlign == 2) originX = static_cast<int16_t>(alignWidth) - static_cast<int16_t>(line->w);
-    int16_t sx = originX + seg->x;
-    int16_t sy = line->y;
-    if (localX >= sx && localX < sx + static_cast<int16_t>(seg->w) && localY >= sy && localY < sy + static_cast<int16_t>(line->h)) {
-      return run->linkTarget;
-    }
-  }
-  return -1;
-}
-
-// Draw shadows for an element. Loops over up to 4 shadow specs. Outset shadows
-// are drawn behind the element; inset shadows are drawn over the element fill.
-// Draw a gradient fill for an element. Replaces solid fillRect/fillRoundRect.`;
-}
+// Slice of the C++ runtime header (original source lines 2995-3703).
+// Fonts, UTF-8, metrics, wrap, layout cache, all text draw variants, rich link hit.
+// See docs/superpowers/specs/2026-07-12-split-runtime-header-design.md.
+export function emitTextRendering(): string {
+  return `
+static inline const UIFontFace* ui_font_face(uint8_t id) {
+   if (id == 0) return nullptr;
+   for (uint16_t i = 0; i < __ui_font_face_count; i++) {
+     if (__ui_font_faces[i].id == id) return &__ui_font_faces[i];
+   }
+   return nullptr;
+ }
+
+ static inline const UIFontGlyph* ui_font_glyph(const UIFontFace* face, uint16_t codepoint) {
+   if (!face) return nullptr;
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < face->glyphCount; i++) {
+    if (face->glyphs[i].codepoint == codepoint) return &face->glyphs[i];
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+static inline uint8_t ui_font_alpha_at(const UIFontFace* face, const UIFontGlyph* glyph, uint16_t pixelIndex) {
+   if (!face || !glyph || !face->alpha) return 0;
+   uint16_t nibble = glyph->dataOffset + pixelIndex;
+   // Bounds check to prevent reading past the alpha array
+   if (nibble >> 1 >= 65535) return 0;
+#if defined(__AVR__)
+   uint8_t byte = pgm_read_byte(&face->alpha[nibble >> 1]);
+#else
+   uint8_t byte = face->alpha[nibble >> 1];
+#endif
+   return (nibble & 1) ? (byte & 0x0F) : (byte >> 4);
+ }
+
+static inline uint16_t ui_next_utf8_codepoint(const unsigned char** p) {
+  const unsigned char* s = *p;
+  uint8_t b0 = *s++;
+  if (b0 < 0x80) {
+    *p = s;
+    return b0;
+  }
+  if ((b0 & 0xE0) == 0xC0 && (s[0] & 0xC0) == 0x80) {
+    uint16_t cp = (static_cast<uint16_t>(b0 & 0x1F) << 6) | static_cast<uint16_t>(s[0] & 0x3F);
+    *p = s + 1;
+    return cp;
+  }
+  if ((b0 & 0xF0) == 0xE0 && (s[0] & 0xC0) == 0x80 && (s[1] & 0xC0) == 0x80) {
+    uint16_t cp = (static_cast<uint16_t>(b0 & 0x0F) << 12) | (static_cast<uint16_t>(s[0] & 0x3F) << 6) | static_cast<uint16_t>(s[1] & 0x3F);
+    *p = s + 2;
+    return cp;
+  }
+  if ((b0 & 0xF8) == 0xF0 && (s[0] & 0xC0) == 0x80 && (s[1] & 0xC0) == 0x80 && (s[2] & 0xC0) == 0x80) {
+    *p = s + 3;
+    return '?';
+  }
+  *p = s;
+  return '?';
+}
+
+static inline uint16_t ui_asset_text_width(const char* text, const UIFontFace* face) {
+  if (!text || !face) return 0;
+  uint16_t w = 0;
+  const unsigned char* p = (const unsigned char*)text;
+  while (*p) {
+    uint16_t codepoint = ui_next_utf8_codepoint(&p);
+    const UIFontGlyph* glyph = ui_font_glyph(face, codepoint);
+    w += glyph ? glyph->advance : (face->lineHeight / 2);
+  }
+  return w;
+}
+
+static inline uint8_t ui_asset_text_height(const UIFontFace* face) {
+  return face ? face->lineHeight : 0;
+}
+
+static inline uint16_t ui_text_width(const char* text, uint8_t ts, uint8_t fontFace, int8_t letterSpacing) {
+  const UIFontFace* face = ui_font_face(fontFace);
+  if (face) return ui_asset_text_width(text, face);
+  if (!text) return 0;
+  if (ts == 0) ts = 2;
+  uint16_t w = 0;
+  for (const char* p = text; *p; p++) w += ts * 6 + letterSpacing;
+  return w;
+}
+
+static inline uint8_t ui_text_height(uint8_t ts, uint8_t fontFace) {
+  const UIFontFace* face = ui_font_face(fontFace);
+  if (face) return ui_asset_text_height(face);
+  return (ts ? ts : 2) * 8;
+}
+
+static inline uint8_t ui_text_line_height(uint8_t ts, uint8_t fontFace, uint8_t lineHeight) {
+  return lineHeight ? lineHeight : ui_text_height(ts, fontFace);
+}
+
+static inline uint8_t ui_is_text_space(char c) {
+  return c == ' ' || c == '\\t' || c == '\\f' || c == '\\v';
+}
+
+static inline uint8_t ui_is_text_newline(char c) {
+  return c == '\\n' || c == '\\r';
+}
+
+static inline const char* ui_after_text_newline(const char* p) {
+  if (!p || !*p) return p;
+  if (*p == '\\r' && p[1] == '\\n') return p + 2;
+  return p + 1;
+}
+
+static inline const char* ui_skip_wrap_spaces(const char* p) {
+  while (p && ui_is_text_space(*p)) p++;
+  return p;
+}
+
+static inline uint16_t ui_next_utf8_codepoint_bounded(const unsigned char** p, const unsigned char* end) {
+  const unsigned char* s = *p;
+  if (!s || s >= end) return 0;
+  uint8_t b0 = *s++;
+  if (b0 < 0x80) {
+    *p = s;
+    return b0;
+  }
+  if ((b0 & 0xE0) == 0xC0 && s < end && (s[0] & 0xC0) == 0x80) {
+    uint16_t cp = (static_cast<uint16_t>(b0 & 0x1F) << 6) | static_cast<uint16_t>(s[0] & 0x3F);
+    *p = s + 1;
+    return cp;
+  }
+  if ((b0 & 0xF0) == 0xE0 && s + 1 < end && (s[0] & 0xC0) == 0x80 && (s[1] & 0xC0) == 0x80) {
+    uint16_t cp = (static_cast<uint16_t>(b0 & 0x0F) << 12) | (static_cast<uint16_t>(s[0] & 0x3F) << 6) | static_cast<uint16_t>(s[1] & 0x3F);
+    *p = s + 2;
+    return cp;
+  }
+  if ((b0 & 0xF8) == 0xF0 && s + 2 < end && (s[0] & 0xC0) == 0x80 && (s[1] & 0xC0) == 0x80 && (s[2] & 0xC0) == 0x80) {
+    *p = s + 3;
+    return '?';
+  }
+  *p = s;
+  return '?';
+}
+
+static inline uint16_t ui_text_codepoint_advance(uint16_t codepoint, uint8_t ts, uint8_t fontFace, int8_t letterSpacing) {
+  const UIFontFace* face = ui_font_face(fontFace);
+  if (face) {
+    const UIFontGlyph* glyph = ui_font_glyph(face, codepoint);
+    return glyph ? glyph->advance : (face->lineHeight / 2);
+  }
+  int16_t adv = static_cast<int16_t>(ts ? ts : 2) * 6 + letterSpacing;
+  return adv > 0 ? static_cast<uint16_t>(adv) : 1;
+}
+
+static inline uint16_t ui_text_span_width(const char* start, const char* end, uint8_t ts, uint8_t fontFace, int8_t letterSpacing) {
+  if (!start || !end || end <= start) return 0;
+  uint16_t w = 0;
+  const unsigned char* p = (const unsigned char*)start;
+  const unsigned char* limit = (const unsigned char*)end;
+  while (p < limit && *p) {
+    uint16_t codepoint = ui_next_utf8_codepoint_bounded(&p, limit);
+    if (codepoint == 0) break;
+    w += ui_text_codepoint_advance(codepoint, ts, fontFace, letterSpacing);
+  }
+  return w;
+}
+
+struct UITextLine {
+  const char* start;
+  const char* end;
+  uint16_t width;
+};
+
+static inline uint8_t ui_text_next_line(const char** cursor, uint16_t maxWidth, uint8_t whiteSpaceMode, uint8_t ts, uint8_t fontFace, int8_t letterSpacing, UITextLine* out) {
+   if (!cursor || !*cursor || !out) return 0;
+   const char* p = *cursor;
+   if (!*p) return 0;
+   uint8_t hardNewlines = whiteSpaceMode == UI_WS_PRE || whiteSpaceMode == UI_WS_PRE_LINE;
+   uint8_t canWrap = (whiteSpaceMode == UI_WS_NORMAL || whiteSpaceMode == UI_WS_PRE_LINE) && maxWidth > 0;
+
+   if (whiteSpaceMode == UI_WS_NORMAL || whiteSpaceMode == UI_WS_PRE_LINE) {
+     p = ui_skip_wrap_spaces(p);
+   }
+   if (!*p) {
+     *cursor = p;
+     return 0;
+   }
+   if (hardNewlines && ui_is_text_newline(*p)) {
+     out->start = p;
+     out->end = p;
+     out->width = 0;
+     *cursor = ui_after_text_newline(p);
+     return 1;
+   }
+
+   const char* lineStart = p;
+   if (!canWrap) {
+     while (*p && !(hardNewlines && ui_is_text_newline(*p))) p++;
+     out->start = lineStart;
+     out->end = p;
+     out->width = ui_text_span_width(lineStart, p, ts, fontFace, letterSpacing);
+     *cursor = (hardNewlines && ui_is_text_newline(*p)) ? ui_after_text_newline(p) : p;
+     return 1;
+   }
+
+   uint16_t width = 0;
+   const char* lastBreakAfter = nullptr;
+   const char* lastBreakEnd = lineStart;
+   uint16_t lastBreakWidth = 0;
+   const char* lastNonSpaceEnd = lineStart;
+   uint16_t lastNonSpaceWidth = 0;
+
+   // Pre-compute string end bounds to avoid repeated scans in the loop
+   const unsigned char* textEnd = (const unsigned char*)p;
+   while (*textEnd) textEnd++;
+
+   while (*p && p < (const char*)textEnd) {
+     if (hardNewlines && ui_is_text_newline(*p)) break;
+     const char* charStart = p;
+     const unsigned char* next = (const unsigned char*)p;
+     uint16_t codepoint = ui_next_utf8_codepoint_bounded(&next, textEnd);
+     if (codepoint == 0) break;
+     const char* charEnd = (const char*)next;
+     uint8_t isBreakSpace = ui_is_text_space(*charStart) || (!hardNewlines && ui_is_text_newline(*charStart));
+     uint16_t adv = ui_text_codepoint_advance(codepoint, ts, fontFace, letterSpacing);
+
+     if (width > 0 && width + adv > maxWidth) {
+       if (lastBreakAfter && lastBreakAfter > lineStart) {
+         out->start = lineStart;
+         out->end = lastBreakEnd;
+         out->width = lastBreakWidth;
+         *cursor = lastBreakAfter;
+         return 1;
+       }
+       out->start = lineStart;
+       out->end = charStart;
+       out->width = width;
+       *cursor = charStart;
+       return 1;
+     }
+
+     width += adv;
+     p = charEnd;
+     if (isBreakSpace) {
+       lastBreakAfter = p;
+       lastBreakEnd = lastNonSpaceEnd;
+       lastBreakWidth = lastNonSpaceWidth;
+     } else {
+       lastNonSpaceEnd = p;
+       lastNonSpaceWidth = width;
+     }
+   }
+
+   out->start = lineStart;
+   if (whiteSpaceMode == UI_WS_NORMAL || whiteSpaceMode == UI_WS_PRE_LINE) {
+     out->end = lastNonSpaceEnd;
+     out->width = lastNonSpaceWidth;
+   } else {
+     out->end = p;
+     out->width = width;
+   }
+   *cursor = (hardNewlines && ui_is_text_newline(*p)) ? ui_after_text_newline(p) : p;
+   return 1;
+ }
+
+ static inline void ui_text_layout_metrics(const char* text, uint16_t maxWidth, uint8_t whiteSpaceMode, uint8_t ts, uint8_t fontFace, int8_t letterSpacing, uint8_t lineHeight, uint16_t* outW, uint16_t* outH) {
+  if (!text) text = "";
+  uint16_t maxLineW = 0;
+  uint16_t h = 0;
+  uint8_t lh = ui_text_line_height(ts, fontFace, lineHeight);
+  const char* cursor = text;
+  UITextLine line;
+  while (ui_text_next_line(&cursor, maxWidth, whiteSpaceMode, ts, fontFace, letterSpacing, &line)) {
+    if (line.width > maxLineW) maxLineW = line.width;
+    h += lh;
+  }
+  if (h == 0) h = lh;
+  if (outW) *outW = maxLineW;
+  if (outH) *outH = h;
+}
+
+static inline void ui_invalidate_text_layout_cache(uint16_t nodeIdx) {
+  if (nodeIdx < __ui_node_count) __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].layoutCacheKey = 0;
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t ui_text_layout_cache_key(uint16_t nodeIdx, uint16_t textMaxW) {
+  uint32_t key = textMaxW;
+  key = key * 31u + __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].whiteSpaceMode;
+  uint8_t ts = __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].textSize ? __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].textSize : 2;
+  key = key * 31u + ts;
+  key = key * 31u + __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].fontFace;
+  key = key * 31u + static_cast<uint8_t>(__ui_nodes[nodeIdx].letterSpacing + 128);
+  key = key * 31u + __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].lineHeight;
+  if (__ui_nodes[nodeIdx].hasTextBinding) {
+    const char* t = __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].textBuffer;
+    while (t && *t) {
+      key = key * 31u + static_cast<uint8_t>(*t);
+      t++;
+    }
+  }
+  return key | 1u;
+}
+
+static inline uint16_t ui_node_text_max_width(uint16_t nodeIdx) {
+  if (nodeIdx >= __ui_node_count) return 0;
+  uint16_t textMaxW = __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].box.w;
+  if (__ui_nodes[nodeIdx].kind == NODE_TEXT || __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].kind == NODE_BUTTON || __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].kind == NODE_SELECT) {
+    uint16_t hInset = static_cast<uint16_t>(__ui_nodes[nodeIdx].paddingLeft) + static_cast<uint16_t>(__ui_nodes[nodeIdx].paddingRight) +
+      static_cast<uint16_t>(__ui_nodes[nodeIdx].borderWidth) * 2;
+    textMaxW = __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].box.w > hInset ? static_cast<uint16_t>(__ui_nodes[nodeIdx].box.w - hInset) : 0;
+  } else if (__ui_nodes[nodeIdx].kind == NODE_CHECK || __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].kind == NODE_RADIO) {
+    textMaxW = __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].box.w > 22 ? static_cast<uint16_t>(__ui_nodes[nodeIdx].box.w - 22) : 0;
+  }
+  return textMaxW;
+}
+
+static inline void ui_node_text_layout_metrics(uint16_t nodeIdx, uint16_t textMaxW, uint16_t* outW, uint16_t* outH) {
+  if (nodeIdx >= __ui_node_count) {
+    if (outW) *outW = 0;
+    if (outH) *outH = 0;
+    return;
+  }
+  uint32_t key = ui_text_layout_cache_key(nodeIdx, textMaxW);
+  if (__ui_nodes[nodeIdx].layoutCacheKey == key) {
+    if (outW) *outW = __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].layoutMetricsW;
+    if (outH) *outH = __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].layoutMetricsH;
+    return;
+  }
+  const char* displayText = __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].hasTextBinding
+    ? __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].textBuffer
+    : __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].text;
+  uint8_t ts = __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].textSize ? __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].textSize : 2;
+  uint16_t tw = 0;
+  uint16_t th = 0;
+  ui_text_layout_metrics(displayText, textMaxW, __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].whiteSpaceMode, ts,
+    __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].fontFace, __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].letterSpacing, __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].lineHeight, &tw, &th);
+  __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].layoutCacheKey = key;
+  __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].layoutMetricsW = tw;
+  __ui_nodes[nodeIdx].layoutMetricsH = th;
+  if (outW) *outW = tw;
+  if (outH) *outH = th;
+}
+
+static inline void ui_copy_text_span(const char* start, const char* end, char* out, uint8_t outSize) {
+  if (!out || outSize == 0) return;
+  uint8_t len = 0;
+  while (start && end && start < end && *start && len + 1 < outSize) {
+    out[len++] = *start++;
+  }
+  out[len] = 0;
+}
+
+static inline uint8_t ui_draw_asset_text(const char* text, int16_t x, int16_t y, UI_COLOR_T fg, UI_COLOR_T bg, uint8_t antialias, uint8_t fontFace) {
+  const UIFontFace* face = ui_font_face(fontFace);
+  if (!text || !face) return 0;
+  int16_t cursor = x;
+  int16_t baseline = y + face->baseline;
+  int16_t targetLeft, targetTop, targetRight, targetBottom;
+  ui_display_target_bounds(&targetLeft, &targetTop, &targetRight, &targetBottom);
+  const unsigned char* p = (const unsigned char*)text;
+  while (*p) {
+    uint16_t codepoint = ui_next_utf8_codepoint(&p);
+    const UIFontGlyph* glyph = ui_font_glyph(face, codepoint);
+    if (!glyph) {
+      cursor += face->lineHeight / 2;
+      continue;
+    }
+    int16_t glyphX = cursor + glyph->xOffset;
+    int16_t glyphY = baseline + glyph->yOffset;
+    if (glyphX + static_cast<int16_t>(glyph->width) <= targetLeft || glyphX >= targetRight ||
+        glyphY + static_cast<int16_t>(glyph->height) <= targetTop || glyphY >= targetBottom) {
+      cursor += glyph->advance;
+      continue;
+    }
+    int16_t gxStart = glyphX < targetLeft ? static_cast<int16_t>(targetLeft - glyphX) : 0;
+    int16_t gyStart = glyphY < targetTop ? static_cast<int16_t>(targetTop - glyphY) : 0;
+    int16_t gxEnd = glyphX + static_cast<int16_t>(glyph->width) > targetRight ? static_cast<int16_t>(targetRight - glyphX) : glyph->width;
+    int16_t gyEnd = glyphY + static_cast<int16_t>(glyph->height) > targetBottom ? static_cast<int16_t>(targetBottom - glyphY) : glyph->height;
+    for (int16_t gy = gyStart; gy < gyEnd; gy++) {
+      for (int16_t gx = gxStart; gx < gxEnd; gx++) {
+        uint16_t pixelIndex = static_cast<uint16_t>(gy) * glyph->width + static_cast<uint16_t>(gx);
+        uint8_t alpha = ui_font_alpha_at(face, glyph, pixelIndex);
+        if (alpha == 0) continue;
+        int16_t dx = glyphX + gx;
+        int16_t dy = glyphY + gy;
+        if (antialias) {
+          if (fg == bg) {
+            // Transparent mode: can't blend (fg==bg → all alphas become fg).
+            // Use a threshold so only high-coverage pixels draw, avoiding
+            // the bumpy look from flattening sub-pixel coverage to solid.
+            if (alpha >= 8) ui_display_draw_pixel(dx, dy, fg);
+          } else {
+            ui_display_draw_pixel(dx, dy, alpha >= 15 ? fg : ui_blend(fg, bg, static_cast<uint8_t>(static_cast<uint16_t>(alpha) * 100 / 15)));
+          }
+        } else if (alpha >= 8) {
+          ui_display_draw_pixel(dx, dy, fg);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    cursor += glyph->advance;
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static inline void ui_draw_bitmap_text(const char* text, int16_t x, int16_t y, UI_COLOR_T fg, UI_COLOR_T bg, uint8_t ts, int8_t letterSpacing) {
+  if (!text) text = "";
+  if (ts == 0) ts = 2;
+  ui_display_set_text_color(fg, bg);
+  ui_display_set_text_size(ts);
+  ui_display_set_text_wrap(false);
+  // Draw char-by-char to apply letterSpacing between glyphs.
+  if (letterSpacing == 0) {
+    ui_display_set_cursor(x, y);
+    ui_display_print(text);
+  } else {
+    int16_t cx = x;
+    char buf[2] = {0, 0};
+    for (const char* p = text; *p; p++) {
+      ui_display_set_cursor(cx, y);
+      buf[0] = *p;
+      ui_display_print(buf);
+      cx += ts * 6 + letterSpacing;
+    }
+}
+ }
+
+ #ifdef UI_AA
+ static CuttlefishCanvas16* __ui_aa_canvas = nullptr;
+ static CuttlefishCanvas16* __ui_text_src_canvas = nullptr;
+ static CuttlefishCanvas16* __ui_text_dst_canvas = nullptr;
+
+ static inline CuttlefishCanvas16* ui_text_canvas(CuttlefishCanvas16** slot, int16_t w, int16_t h) {
+   if (w <= 0) w = 1;
+   if (h <= 0) h = 1;
+   if (!*slot || display_canvasWidth(*slot) < w || display_canvasHeight(*slot) < h) {
+     display_deleteCanvas(*slot);
+     *slot = display_createCanvas(w, h);
+   }
+   return *slot;
+ }
+
+ static inline uint8_t ui_text_fg_neighbors(CuttlefishCanvas16* src, int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w, int16_t h, UI_COLOR_T fg, uint8_t radius = 1) {
+  uint8_t count = 0;
+  for (int8_t dy = -static_cast<int8_t>(radius); dy <= static_cast<int8_t>(radius); dy++) {
+    int16_t yy = y + dy;
+    if (yy < 0 || yy >= h) continue;
+    for (int8_t dx = -static_cast<int8_t>(radius); dx <= static_cast<int8_t>(radius); dx++) {
+      int16_t xx = x + dx;
+      if (xx < 0 || xx >= w) continue;
+      if (display_canvasGetPixel(src, xx, yy) == fg) count++;
+    }
+  }
+  return count;
+}
+
+static inline uint8_t ui_text_aa_coverage(uint8_t neighbors, uint8_t outerNeighbors, uint8_t isFg, uint8_t ts) {
+  if (isFg) {
+    if (ts <= 1) return neighbors >= 4 ? 100 : 96;
+    if (ts == 2) return neighbors >= 8 ? 100 : neighbors >= 5 ? 96 : 92;
+    return neighbors >= 8 ? 100 : neighbors >= 6 ? 96 : neighbors >= 4 ? 90 : 84;
+  }
+  if (neighbors == 0) {
+    if (ts >= 3 && outerNeighbors > 0) {
+      uint8_t outer = outerNeighbors * 2;
+      return outer > 14 ? 14 : outer;
+    }
+    return 0;
+  }
+  uint8_t step = ts <= 1 ? 4 : ts == 2 ? 6 : 8;
+  uint8_t cap = ts <= 1 ? 18 : ts == 2 ? 28 : 38;
+  uint8_t coverage = neighbors * step;
+  return coverage > cap ? cap : coverage;
+}
+
+// ── Rasterized-glyph coverage cache (LVGL-style) ──────────────────────────
+// The classic-font AA pass neighbor-counts a 3x3 (5x5 for large sizes) kernel
+// per pixel of the whole line canvas on EVERY repaint — a 460px label at ts=2
+// costs ~70k canvas reads per frame. Classic 5x7 glyph cells are position-
+// independent (the 6ts cell's trailing gap column is blank and the sampling
+// radius never crosses it into the next glyph's pixels except the final gap
+// column's 1px outer halo, which lands on spacing), so per-(char, ts)
+// coverage is cacheable. Direct-mapped, color-independent (coverage is a
+// shape property; fg/bg enter only at blend time).
+#ifndef UI_AA_GLYPH_CACHE_SLOTS
+#if defined(__AVR__)
+#define UI_AA_GLYPH_CACHE_SLOTS 0
+#else
+#define UI_AA_GLYPH_CACHE_SLOTS 48
+#endif
+#endif
+#define UI_AA_GLYPH_CACHE_MAX_TS 3
+#if UI_AA_GLYPH_CACHE_SLOTS > 0
+struct UIGlyphCovEntry {
+  uint8_t ch;
+  uint8_t ts;
+  uint8_t valid;
+  uint8_t cov[(6 * UI_AA_GLYPH_CACHE_MAX_TS) * (8 * UI_AA_GLYPH_CACHE_MAX_TS + 1)];
+};
+static struct UIGlyphCovEntry __ui_glyph_cov[UI_AA_GLYPH_CACHE_SLOTS];
+static CuttlefishCanvas16* __ui_glyph_src_canvas = nullptr;
+
+// Compute (on miss) and return the cached coverage map for one glyph cell,
+// or nullptr when the size exceeds the cached range. The cell is
+// (6*ts) x (8*ts + 1) — the +1 bottom pad row matches the whole-line canvas
+// so bottom-edge coverage is identical.
+static const uint8_t* ui_aa_glyph_coverage(uint8_t ch, uint8_t ts) {
+  if (ts == 0U || ts > UI_AA_GLYPH_CACHE_MAX_TS) return nullptr;
+  uint16_t slot = static_cast<uint16_t>((static_cast<uint16_t>(ch) * 7U) + ts) % UI_AA_GLYPH_CACHE_SLOTS;
+  struct UIGlyphCovEntry* e = &__ui_glyph_cov[slot];
+  if (e->valid && e->ch == ch && e->ts == ts) return e->cov;
+  int16_t cw = static_cast<int16_t>(6 * ts);
+  int16_t chh = static_cast<int16_t>(8 * ts + 1);
+  if (cw <= 0 || chh <= 0) return nullptr;
+  if (!__ui_glyph_src_canvas || display_canvasWidth(__ui_glyph_src_canvas) < cw || display_canvasHeight(__ui_glyph_src_canvas) < chh) {
+    display_deleteCanvas(__ui_glyph_src_canvas);
+    __ui_glyph_src_canvas = display_createCanvas(cw, chh);
+  }
+  if (!__ui_glyph_src_canvas || !display_canvasBuffer(__ui_glyph_src_canvas)) return nullptr;
+  // Rasterize in black-on-white: coverage is shape-only (neighbor counts
+  // compare against the glyph color), independent of the draw-time colors.
+  const UI_COLOR_T cellFg = 0x0000;
+  const UI_COLOR_T cellBg = 0xFFFF;
+  display_canvasFillRect(__ui_glyph_src_canvas, 0, 0, cw, chh, cellBg);
+  display_targetSetCursor((CuttlefishDisplayTarget*)__ui_glyph_src_canvas, 0, 0);
+  display_targetSetTextColorBg((CuttlefishDisplayTarget*)__ui_glyph_src_canvas, cellFg, cellBg);
+  display_targetSetTextSize((CuttlefishDisplayTarget*)__ui_glyph_src_canvas, ts);
+  display_targetSetTextWrap((CuttlefishDisplayTarget*)__ui_glyph_src_canvas, false);
+  char buf[2] = { static_cast<char>(ch), 0 };
+  display_targetPrint((CuttlefishDisplayTarget*)__ui_glyph_src_canvas, buf);
+  uint16_t i = 0;
+  for (int16_t yy = 0; yy < chh; yy++) {
+    for (int16_t xx = 0; xx < cw; xx++) {
+      UI_COLOR_T px = display_canvasGetPixel(__ui_glyph_src_canvas, xx, yy);
+      uint8_t neighbors = ui_text_fg_neighbors(__ui_glyph_src_canvas, xx, yy, cw, chh, cellFg);
+      uint8_t outerNeighbors = 0;
+      if (ts >= 3U && px != cellFg && neighbors == 0U) {
+        outerNeighbors = ui_text_fg_neighbors(__ui_glyph_src_canvas, xx, yy, cw, chh, cellFg, 2);
+      }
+      e->cov[i++] = ui_text_aa_coverage(neighbors, outerNeighbors, px == cellFg ? 1U : 0U, ts);
+    }
+  }
+  e->ch = ch;
+  e->ts = ts;
+  e->valid = 1U;
+  return e->cov;
+}
+#else
+static const uint8_t* ui_aa_glyph_coverage(uint8_t /*ch*/, uint8_t /*ts*/) { return nullptr; }
+#endif
+
+static inline void ui_draw_aa_text(const char* text, int16_t x, int16_t y, UI_COLOR_T fg, UI_COLOR_T bg, uint8_t ts) {
+  if (!text || !*text) return;
+  if (ts == 0) ts = 2;
+  uint16_t w = ui_text_width(text, ts, 0, 0);
+  // Add 1px bottom padding so the AA edge-detection sampling doesn't clip the
+  // glyph bottoms (the neighbor-count at the last row rounds partial coverage
+  // to 0 without this clearance).
+  uint8_t h = ui_text_height(ts, 0) + 1;
+  if (w == 0 || h == 0 || fg == bg) {
+    ui_draw_bitmap_text(text, x, y, fg, bg, ts, 0);
+    return;
+  }
+  int16_t clipX = x;
+  int16_t clipY = y;
+  int16_t clipW = static_cast<int16_t>(w);
+  int16_t clipH = static_cast<int16_t>(h);
+  if (!ui_clip_rect_to_display_target(&clipX, &clipY, &clipW, &clipH)) return;
+  int16_t localX = static_cast<int16_t>(clipX - x);
+  int16_t localY = static_cast<int16_t>(clipY - y);
+
+  // Fast path (rasterized-glyph cache): when every glyph's coverage is
+  // cached, blend per-cell straight into dst — no line-canvas rasterization,
+  // no neighbor sampling. Identical coverage per pixel except the 1px outer
+  // halo the whole-line kernel lands on the final gap column before a glyph
+  // start (spacing-only; sub-perceptual).
+  {
+    const uint8_t* firstCov = ui_aa_glyph_coverage(static_cast<uint8_t>(text[0]), ts);
+    if (firstCov != nullptr) {
+      CuttlefishCanvas16* dst = ui_text_canvas(&__ui_text_dst_canvas, static_cast<int16_t>(w), static_cast<int16_t>(h));
+      if (dst && display_canvasBuffer(dst)) {
+        display_canvasFillRect(dst, localX, localY, clipW, clipH, bg);
+        int16_t cellW = static_cast<int16_t>(6 * ts);
+        int16_t cellH = static_cast<int16_t>(8 * ts + 1);
+        int16_t cellX = 0;
+        for (const char* p2 = text; *p2; p2++) {
+          const uint8_t* cov = (p2 == text) ? firstCov : ui_aa_glyph_coverage(static_cast<uint8_t>(*p2), ts);
+          if (!cov) break;  // size fell out of the cached range mid-string
+          int16_t sx0 = cellX < localX ? static_cast<int16_t>(localX - cellX) : 0;
+          int16_t sy0 = localY;
+          int16_t sx1 = static_cast<int16_t>(cellX + cellW < localX + clipW ? cellX + cellW : localX + clipW);
+          int16_t sy1 = static_cast<int16_t>(localY + clipH < cellH ? localY + clipH : cellH);
+          for (int16_t yy = sy0; yy < sy1; yy++) {
+            for (int16_t xx = static_cast<int16_t>(cellX + sx0); xx < sx1; xx++) {
+              uint8_t coverage = cov[static_cast<uint16_t>(yy) * static_cast<uint16_t>(cellW) + static_cast<uint16_t>(xx - cellX)];
+              display_targetDrawPixel((CuttlefishDisplayTarget*)dst, xx, yy,
+                coverage == 0U ? bg : ui_blend(fg, bg, coverage));
+            }
+          }
+          cellX += cellW;
+          if (cellX >= localX + clipW) break;
+        }
+        int16_t stride = display_canvasWidth(dst);
+        UI_COLOR_T* pixels = display_canvasBuffer(dst);
+        for (int16_t row = 0; row < clipH; row++) {
+          ui_display_draw_rgb_bitmap(clipX, static_cast<int16_t>(clipY + row),
+            pixels + static_cast<int32_t>(localY + row) * stride + localX, clipW, 1);
+        }
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+// Use pre-allocated static canvases (no dynamic allocation)
+   CuttlefishCanvas16* src = ui_text_canvas(&__ui_text_src_canvas, static_cast<int16_t>(w), static_cast<int16_t>(h));
+   CuttlefishCanvas16* dst = ui_text_canvas(&__ui_text_dst_canvas, static_cast<int16_t>(w), static_cast<int16_t>(h));
+   if (!src || !dst || !display_canvasBuffer(src) || !display_canvasBuffer(dst)) {
+     ui_draw_bitmap_text(text, x, y, fg, bg, ts, 0);
+     return;
+   }
+
+   display_canvasFillRect(src, 0, 0, w, h, bg);
+   display_canvasFillRect(dst, localX, localY, clipW, clipH, bg);
+   display_targetSetCursor((CuttlefishDisplayTarget*)src, 0, 0);
+   display_targetSetTextColorBg((CuttlefishDisplayTarget*)src, fg, bg);
+   display_targetSetTextSize((CuttlefishDisplayTarget*)src, ts);
+   display_targetSetTextWrap((CuttlefishDisplayTarget*)src, false);
+   display_targetPrint((CuttlefishDisplayTarget*)src, text);
+
+   for (int16_t yy = localY; yy < localY + clipH; yy++) {
+     for (int16_t xx = localX; xx < localX + clipW; xx++) {
+       UI_COLOR_T px = display_canvasGetPixel(src, xx, yy);
+       uint8_t neighbors = ui_text_fg_neighbors(src, xx, yy, static_cast<int16_t>(w), h, fg);
+       uint8_t outerNeighbors = 0;
+       if (ts >= 3 && px != fg && neighbors == 0) {
+         outerNeighbors = ui_text_fg_neighbors(src, xx, yy, static_cast<int16_t>(w), h, fg, 2);
+       }
+       uint8_t coverage = ui_text_aa_coverage(neighbors, outerNeighbors, px == fg ? 1 : 0, ts);
+       display_targetDrawPixel((CuttlefishDisplayTarget*)dst, xx, yy, coverage == 0 ? bg : ui_blend(fg, bg, coverage));
+     }
+   }
+
+   int16_t stride = display_canvasWidth(dst);
+   UI_COLOR_T* pixels = display_canvasBuffer(dst);
+   for (int16_t row = 0; row < clipH; row++) {
+     ui_display_draw_rgb_bitmap(clipX, static_cast<int16_t>(clipY + row),
+       pixels + static_cast<int32_t>(localY + row) * stride + localX, clipW, 1);
+   }
+ }
+
+static inline void ui_draw_text(const char* text, int16_t x, int16_t y, UI_COLOR_T fg, UI_COLOR_T bg, uint8_t ts, uint8_t antialias, uint8_t fontFace, int8_t letterSpacing) {
+  if (fontFace && ui_draw_asset_text(text, x, y, fg, bg, antialias, fontFace)) {
+    return;
+  }
+  // Only use AA when fg != bg (opaque background). When fg == bg (transparent
+  // mode), the AA source canvas fills entirely with fg — no edges to detect,
+  // producing a solid rectangle instead of text.
+  if (antialias && fg != bg && letterSpacing == 0) {
+    ui_draw_aa_text(text, x, y, fg, bg, ts);
+    return;
+  }
+  ui_draw_bitmap_text(text, x, y, fg, bg, ts, letterSpacing);
+}
+#else
+static inline void ui_draw_text(const char* text, int16_t x, int16_t y, UI_COLOR_T fg, UI_COLOR_T bg, uint8_t ts, uint8_t antialias, uint8_t fontFace, int8_t letterSpacing) {
+  (void)antialias;
+  if (fontFace && ui_draw_asset_text(text, x, y, fg, bg, antialias, fontFace)) {
+    return;
+  }
+  ui_draw_bitmap_text(text, x, y, fg, bg, ts, letterSpacing);
+}
+#endif
+
+// Draw classic list rows without routing through CuttlefishGFX::print(). The
+// Zephyr native target uses CuttlefishGFX for both the panel and RGB565 canvas;
+// its virtual text path is reliable on the panel but can be lost when the
+// canvas is later copied to the panel. Writing the same 5x7 glyphs through the
+// normal pixel/fill shims keeps the row pixels in the canvas buffer and works
+// for both cached-list and band-list rendering. Other adapters retain the
+// existing ui_draw_text fallback because they provide their own canvas text
+// implementation.
+static inline void ui_draw_list_text(const char* text, int16_t x, int16_t y,
+                                      UI_COLOR_T fg, UI_COLOR_T bg, uint8_t ts,
+                                      uint8_t fontFace, int8_t letterSpacing) {
+#if defined(CUTTLEFISH_GFX_DEFINED)
+  if (fontFace == 0) {
+    if (!text) text = "";
+    if (ts == 0) ts = 2;
+    int16_t cx = x;
+    for (const unsigned char* p = (const unsigned char*)text; *p; p++) {
+      uint8_t ch = *p;
+      // CuttlefishGFX's classic font is the full 256-glyph Adafruit table.
+      for (uint8_t col = 0; col < 5; col++) {
+        uint8_t bits = cuttlefish_glcdfont[static_cast<uint16_t>(ch) * 5u + col];
+        for (uint8_t row = 0; row < 7; row++) {
+          if (bits & static_cast<uint8_t>(1u << row)) {
+            ui_display_fill_rect(static_cast<int16_t>(cx + static_cast<int16_t>(col) * ts),
+              static_cast<int16_t>(y + static_cast<int16_t>(row) * ts), ts, ts, fg);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      // Match the classic GFX advance: five columns plus one blank column.
+      cx = static_cast<int16_t>(cx + static_cast<int16_t>(ts) * 6 + letterSpacing);
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+#endif
+  ui_draw_text(text, x, y, fg, bg, ts, 0, fontFace, letterSpacing);
+}
+
+// Direct-panel list fallback. CuttlefishGFX's bitmap glyph path above is
+// intentionally used for RAM canvases, but a few native panel adapters only
+// commit their text state correctly through print()/drawChar(). Use that
+// established path when the list is painted straight to the panel; the caller
+// keeps the whole list inside one write transaction, so this does not expose a
+// partially composed row set.
+static inline void ui_draw_list_text_direct(const char* text, int16_t x, int16_t y,
+                                             UI_COLOR_T fg, UI_COLOR_T bg, uint8_t ts,
+                                             uint8_t fontFace, int8_t letterSpacing) {
+  if (fontFace == 0) {
+    ui_draw_bitmap_text(text, x, y, fg, bg, ts, letterSpacing);
+  } else {
+    ui_draw_text(text, x, y, fg, bg, ts, 0, fontFace, letterSpacing);
+  }
+}
+
+/** Truncate a NUL-terminated buffer in place to fit within maxWidth (px) and
+ *  append "...". Used by text-overflow: ellipsis. Adafruit_GFX has no ellipsis
+ *  glyph, so three ASCII dots approximate it. */
+static inline void ui_truncate_ellipsis(char* buf, uint8_t bufSize, uint16_t maxWidth,
+                                        uint8_t ts, uint8_t fontFace, int8_t letterSpacing) {
+  if (!buf || bufSize == 0) return;
+  uint8_t len = static_cast<uint8_t>(strlen(buf));
+  // Reserve space for the three trailing dots.
+  uint16_t dotsW = static_cast<uint16_t>(3) * ui_text_codepoint_advance(static_cast<uint16_t>('.'), ts, fontFace, letterSpacing);
+  int16_t budget = static_cast<int16_t>(maxWidth) - static_cast<int16_t>(dotsW);
+  if (budget <= 0) { if (bufSize > 3) { buf[0]='.'; buf[1]='.'; buf[2]='.'; buf[3]=0; } return; }
+  // Measure once, then remove one UTF-8 codepoint at a time from the end.
+  // The previous prefix-- loop rescanned the whole prefix on every iteration
+  // (O(n²)); this keeps truncation linear for long bound strings.
+  uint8_t prefix = len;
+  uint16_t prefixW = ui_text_span_width(buf, buf + prefix, ts, fontFace, letterSpacing);
+  while (prefix > 0 && static_cast<int16_t>(prefixW) > budget) {
+    uint8_t cut = static_cast<uint8_t>(prefix - 1);
+    while (cut > 0 && (static_cast<uint8_t>(buf[cut]) & 0xC0) == 0x80) cut--;
+    uint16_t removed = ui_text_span_width(buf + cut, buf + prefix, ts, fontFace, letterSpacing);
+    prefixW = prefixW > removed ? static_cast<uint16_t>(prefixW - removed) : 0;
+    prefix = cut;
+  }
+  if (prefix + 3 < bufSize) {
+    buf[prefix] = '.'; buf[prefix+1] = '.'; buf[prefix+2] = '.'; buf[prefix+3] = 0;
+  } else if (bufSize > 3) {
+    buf[0]='.'; buf[1]='.'; buf[2]='.'; buf[3]=0;
+  }
+}
+
+// text-overflow: clip — trim trailing chars until the prefix fits maxWidth,
+// then NUL-terminate. No trailing dots (contrast with ui_truncate_ellipsis).
+static inline void ui_truncate_clip(char* buf, uint8_t bufSize, uint16_t maxWidth,
+                                     uint8_t ts, uint8_t fontFace, int8_t letterSpacing) {
+  if (!buf || bufSize == 0) return;
+  uint8_t len = static_cast<uint8_t>(strlen(buf));
+  uint8_t prefix = len;
+  uint16_t prefixW = ui_text_span_width(buf, buf + prefix, ts, fontFace, letterSpacing);
+  while (prefix > 0 && static_cast<int16_t>(prefixW) > static_cast<int16_t>(maxWidth)) {
+    uint8_t cut = static_cast<uint8_t>(prefix - 1);
+    while (cut > 0 && (static_cast<uint8_t>(buf[cut]) & 0xC0) == 0x80) cut--;
+    uint16_t removed = ui_text_span_width(buf + cut, buf + prefix, ts, fontFace, letterSpacing);
+    prefixW = prefixW > removed ? static_cast<uint16_t>(prefixW - removed) : 0;
+    prefix = cut;
+  }
+  if (prefix < bufSize) buf[prefix] = 0;
+}
+
+static inline void ui_draw_wrapped_text(const char* text, int16_t x, int16_t y, uint16_t maxWidth, UI_COLOR_T fg, UI_COLOR_T bg,
+                                        uint8_t ts, uint8_t antialias, uint8_t fontFace, int8_t letterSpacing,
+                                        uint8_t lineHeight, uint8_t whiteSpaceMode, uint8_t textAlign, uint8_t underline, uint8_t textOverflow) {
+  if (!text) text = "";
+  uint8_t lh = ui_text_line_height(ts, fontFace, lineHeight);
+  const char* cursor = text;
+  int16_t lineY = y;
+  UITextLine line;
+  char lineBuf[UI_TEXT_LINE_BUF];
+  int16_t targetLeft, targetTop, targetRight, targetBottom;
+  ui_display_target_bounds(&targetLeft, &targetTop, &targetRight, &targetBottom);
+  while (ui_text_next_line(&cursor, maxWidth, whiteSpaceMode, ts, fontFace, letterSpacing, &line)) {
+    int16_t lineBottom = static_cast<int16_t>(lineY + lh);
+    if (lineBottom <= targetTop || lineY >= targetBottom) {
+      lineY += lh;
+      continue;
+    }
+    int16_t lineX = x;
+    if (textAlign == 1) lineX = x + (static_cast<int16_t>(maxWidth) - static_cast<int16_t>(line.width)) / 2;
+    else if (textAlign == 2) lineX = x + static_cast<int16_t>(maxWidth) - static_cast<int16_t>(line.width);
+    if (lineX + static_cast<int16_t>(line.width) <= targetLeft || lineX >= targetRight) {
+      lineY += lh;
+      continue;
+    }
+    ui_copy_text_span(line.start, line.end, lineBuf, UI_TEXT_LINE_BUF);
+    // text-overflow — only applies when the line is wider than maxWidth.
+    //   textOverflow==1 (ellipsis): trim the span and append "...".
+    //   textOverflow==0 (clip):     trim the span to the edge, no dots.
+    if (static_cast<int16_t>(line.width) > static_cast<int16_t>(maxWidth)) {
+      if (textOverflow) ui_truncate_ellipsis(lineBuf, UI_TEXT_LINE_BUF, maxWidth, ts, fontFace, letterSpacing);
+      else              ui_truncate_clip(lineBuf, UI_TEXT_LINE_BUF, maxWidth, ts, fontFace, letterSpacing);
+    }
+    ui_draw_text(lineBuf, lineX, lineY, fg, bg, ts, antialias, fontFace, letterSpacing);
+    // text-decoration (underline=bit0, strikethrough=bit1)
+    if (underline & 1) ui_display_draw_fast_hline(lineX, lineY + ui_text_height(ts, fontFace) - 1, line.width, fg);
+    if (underline & 2) ui_display_draw_fast_hline(lineX, lineY + ui_text_height(ts, fontFace) / 2, line.width, fg);
+    lineY += lh;
+  }
+}
+
+// Draw a rich-text node from its precomputed run/segment/line geometry. Does
+// NOT re-wrap — the geometry was baked at transpile time (runs are static-only,
+// so the text never changes at runtime). Iterate segments once, skip lines and
+// segments outside the active draw target, and compute each segment's line
+// origin from textAlign + line width. Mixed font sizes align on the line's
+// baseline (each segment's top = baseline − its own ascent).
+static inline void ui_draw_rich_text(uint16_t nodeIdx, int16_t x, int16_t y, UI_COLOR_T bg, uint8_t antialias,
+                                     uint8_t useFgOverride = 0, UI_COLOR_T fgOverride = 0, uint16_t maxWidth = 0) {
+  UINode* n = &__ui_nodes[nodeIdx];
+  uint16_t alignWidth = maxWidth ? maxWidth : n->box.w;
+  int16_t targetLeft = static_cast<int16_t>(-__ui_draw_off_x);
+  int16_t targetTop = static_cast<int16_t>(-__ui_draw_off_y);
+  int16_t targetRight = static_cast<int16_t>(ui_display_target_width() - __ui_draw_off_x);
+  int16_t targetBottom = static_cast<int16_t>(ui_display_target_height() - __ui_draw_off_y);
+  uint16_t richSegEnd = static_cast<uint16_t>(n->richSegStart + n->richSegCount);
+  for (uint16_t si = n->richSegStart; si < richSegEnd; si++) {
+    UIRichSeg* seg = &__ui_rich_segs[si];
+    if (seg->line >= n->richLineCount) continue;
+    UIRichLine* line = &__ui_rich_lines[n->richLineStart + seg->line];
+    int16_t lineTop = y + line->y;
+    int16_t lineBottom = static_cast<int16_t>(lineTop + static_cast<int16_t>(line->h));
+    if (lineBottom <= targetTop || lineTop >= targetBottom) continue;
+    int16_t lineX = x;
+    if (n->textAlign == 1) lineX = x + (static_cast<int16_t>(alignWidth) - static_cast<int16_t>(line->w)) / 2;
+    else if (n->textAlign == 2) lineX = x + static_cast<int16_t>(alignWidth) - static_cast<int16_t>(line->w);
+    int16_t segX = static_cast<int16_t>(lineX + seg->x);
+    int16_t segRight = static_cast<int16_t>(segX + static_cast<int16_t>(seg->w));
+    if (segRight <= targetLeft || segX >= targetRight) continue;
+    UIRichRun* run = &__ui_runs[n->runStart + seg->runIndex];
+    // Baseline alignment: for asset fonts, the ascent is the font face's
+    // baseline (baked per px size); for the bitmap font (fontFace=0), it's the
+    // 5x8 glyph ascent (7px × textSize). Using the wrong ascent misaligns runs
+    // vertically and makes mixed rich-text lines look garbled.
+    int16_t ascent;
+    if (run->fontFace) {
+      const UIFontFace* face = ui_font_face(run->fontFace);
+      ascent = face ? static_cast<int16_t>(face->baseline) : (7 * static_cast<int16_t>(run->textSize));
+    } else {
+      ascent = 7 * static_cast<int16_t>(run->textSize);
+    }
+    int16_t segY = y + line->baseline - ascent;
+    UI_COLOR_T fg = useFgOverride ? fgOverride : run->fg;
+    ui_draw_text(seg->text, segX, segY, fg, bg, run->textSize, antialias, run->fontFace, run->letterSpacing);
+    if (run->underline & 1) ui_display_draw_fast_hline(segX, segY + 8 * run->textSize - 1, seg->w, fg);
+    if (run->underline & 2) ui_display_draw_fast_hline(segX, segY + 4 * run->textSize, seg->w, fg);
+  }
+}
+
+// Hit-test a tap point (in node-local coordinates) against a rich-text node's
+// link runs. Returns the link run's resolved screen index, or -1 if the point
+// doesn't land on a link segment. Mirrors the list-item subdivision precedent
+// but uses measured segment rects instead of fixed row heights.
+static inline int8_t ui_rich_link_hit(uint16_t nodeIdx, int16_t px, int16_t py) {
+  UINode* n = &__ui_nodes[nodeIdx];
+  int16_t insetL = static_cast<int16_t>(n->borderWidth) + static_cast<int16_t>(n->paddingLeft);
+  int16_t insetR = static_cast<int16_t>(n->borderWidth) + static_cast<int16_t>(n->paddingRight);
+  int16_t insetT = static_cast<int16_t>(n->borderWidth) + static_cast<int16_t>(n->paddingTop);
+  int16_t localX = px - insetL;
+  int16_t localY = py - insetT;
+  uint16_t alignWidth = n->box.w > static_cast<uint16_t>(insetL + insetR)
+    ? static_cast<uint16_t>(static_cast<int16_t>(n->box.w) - insetL - insetR)
+    : 0;
+  for (uint16_t si = n->richSegStart; si < n->richSegStart + n->richSegCount; si++) {
+    UIRichSeg* seg = &__ui_rich_segs[si];
+    UIRichRun* run = &__ui_runs[n->runStart + seg->runIndex];
+    if (run->linkTarget < 0) continue;
+    UIRichLine* line = &__ui_rich_lines[n->richLineStart + seg->line];
+    // Segment x is relative to its line's left edge (pre-alignment). For the
+    // hit-test, account for center/right alignment the same way draw does.
+    int16_t originX = 0;
+    if (n->textAlign == 1) originX = (static_cast<int16_t>(alignWidth) - static_cast<int16_t>(line->w)) / 2;
+    else if (n->textAlign == 2) originX = static_cast<int16_t>(alignWidth) - static_cast<int16_t>(line->w);
+    int16_t sx = originX + seg->x;
+    int16_t sy = line->y;
+    if (localX >= sx && localX < sx + static_cast<int16_t>(seg->w) && localY >= sy && localY < sy + static_cast<int16_t>(line->h)) {
+      return run->linkTarget;
+    }
+  }
+  return -1;
+}
+
+// Draw shadows for an element. Loops over up to 4 shadow specs. Outset shadows
+// are drawn behind the element; inset shadows are drawn over the element fill.
+// Draw a gradient fill for an element. Replaces solid fillRect/fillRoundRect.`;
+}