@torrent-tv/proxy 2.89.7 → 2.89.9

package/test/encode-plan-viewers.test.js

@@ -1,725 +1,725 @@
-/**
- * @file The placement model under one, two and three viewers, each of them
- * playing, seeking and paused.
- *
- * THE MODEL, restated so a failure here can be read against it:
- *
- * - each segment number carries a deadline `D(x)`, the seconds until somebody
- *   needs it. A viewer moving forward covers a second of film in a second, so
- *   `D(x)` is the distance to them. `Infinity` where nobody is coming;
- * - an encoder placed at `a` delivers `a + j` at `(j + 1) / r`, `r` segments per
- *   second. The same expression answers "when would the one already placed get
- *   here";
- * - a number is late when it arrives after its deadline. Placement is first-fit
- *   left to right: give it to an encoder that arrives in time, else open one
- *   exactly there.
- *
- * Three behaviours of the map follow from that and are checked here rather than
- * assumed. A peak MOVES FORWARD on its own, because the deadline is a distance
- * and the distance shrinks as the viewer watches. It JUMPS on a seek. It
- * FLATTENS on a pause, because a viewer who is not moving has no time by which
- * anything must exist.
- *
- * Nothing here spawns ffmpeg, touches a disk or reads a clock. That is the layer
- * check, made executable: this layer is exercised with plain values alone.
- */
-
-import test from "node:test";
-import assert from "node:assert/strict";
-import { EventEmitter } from "node:events";
-import { EncodeRun } from "../services/encode/EncodeRun.js";
-import { measureSpeed } from "./helpers/encode-run.js";
-import { SoftwareEncoder } from "../services/encode/SoftwareEncoder.js";
-import { EncodeOrchestrator } from "../services/encode/EncodeOrchestrator.js";
-import { mapForViewer, mergeMaps, runsOf } from "../services/viewer/PriorityMap.js";
-import { penaltiesFrom } from "../services/encode/contention.js";
-
-// WHAT A SECOND ENCODER COSTS THE FIRST — measured, never a formula.
-//
-// Addon host, 2026-09-03: 854x480 through libx264 `ultrafast` ran at 7.12x with
-// the machine to itself, and at 4.20x and 4.16x when two ran at once. The
-// penalty is read off that reading by the SAME two functions production uses,
-// so nothing here invents a shape: beyond what was measured the reading is held
-// rather than extrapolated.
-const MEASURED_PENALTIES = penaltiesFrom(7.12, [{ others: 1, speed: 4.18 }]);
-
-// What a start and a stop cost, measured on the same host: a spawn with its
-// input open is 0.12 s there.
-const RUN_COSTS = { killCostSec: 0, firstByteWaitSec: 0.12 };
-
-
-const PICTURE = "torrent:abc:fmt=fmp4:grid=kf@0:video-only:v=0/copy";
-const SEGMENT_SECONDS = 4;
-const FILM_SECONDS = 4000;
-const SEGMENTS = FILM_SECONDS / SEGMENT_SECONDS;
-
-/** What every run of these tests reads as now; a measurement advances it. */
-const clock = { at: 1000 };
-
-class FakeProcess extends EventEmitter {
-  constructor() {
-    super();
-    this.pid = 1;
-    // The progress channel and the channel closed pieces are named on.
-    this.stdout = new EventEmitter();
-    this.stdio = [null, this.stdout, null, new EventEmitter()];
-  }
-
-  kill(signal) {
-    this.emit("close", null, signal);
-  }
-}
-
-/** @param {{ maxRuns?: number }} [options] */
-function orchestrator({ maxRuns = 3 } = {}) {
-  /** @type {EncodeOrchestrator} */
-  let made;
-  const build = ({ address, from, to }) => new EncodeRun({
-    address,
-    encoder: new SoftwareEncoder(),
-    from,
-    to,
-    buildArgs: () => ["-i", "in", "out"],
-    spawn: () => new FakeProcess(),
-    logger: { info() {}, warn() {} },
-    now: () => clock.at,
-    onEnded: (ended) => made.noteEnded(ended)
-  });
-  made = new EncodeOrchestrator({
-    maxRunsFor: () => maxRuns,
-    segmentSeconds: SEGMENT_SECONDS,
-    ...RUN_COSTS,
-    // A swarm with room for several encoders. The figure is the measured cost
-    // of fetching a second of film again, in seconds of swarm time; at 0.25 one
-    // encoder at 6x already takes one and a half swarms, so the budget would be
-    // one process and the placement would have nothing to place — which is a
-    // real limit, checked in its own test below, and not the subject of these.
-    refetchSecPerFilmSecond: () => 0.02,
-    // What the startup benchmark says this host encodes at. It exists before
-    // any viewer, so the plan is never without a speed.
-    startingSpeedFor: () => 2,
-    // What a second encoder costs the first, measured on the addon host. The
-    // orchestrator reads the table with the same pure function production uses.
-    // Without it an extra process is free and the score always wants more of
-    // them — and fewer encoders can genuinely finish sooner.
-    contentionPenalties: MEASURED_PENALTIES,
-    now: () => 1000,
-    logger: { info() {}, warn() {} },
-    makeRun: build
-  });
-  made.setSegmentCount(PICTURE, SEGMENTS);
-  /** Who is watching, by name. The map is rebuilt from all of them on change. */
-  const watching = new Map();
-  const watches = (who, { atSeconds, playing = true }) => {
-    watching.set(who, { atSeconds, playing });
-    stateMap(made, watching);
-  };
-  const leaves = (who) => {
-    watching.delete(who);
-    stateMap(made, watching);
-  };
-  return { made, build, watches, leaves };
-}
-
-/**
- * Everybody watching, as ONE map, the way the product builds it.
- *
- * A viewer's own map is in seconds of film; the maps of all of them are merged
- * into one, and only then converted into an output's own numbering. Doing it
- * here rather than stating windows by hand is the point: the pause and the seek
- * are the MAP's behaviour, and a test that stated windows directly would be
- * checking its own arithmetic.
- *
- * @param {EncodeOrchestrator} made
- * @param {Map<string, { atSeconds: number, playing: boolean }>} watching
- */
-function stateMap(made, watching) {
-  const map = mergeMaps(
-    [...watching.values()].map((viewer) => mapForViewer({
-      atSeconds: viewer.atSeconds,
-      durationSeconds: FILM_SECONDS,
-      allowanceSeconds: 8,
-      playing: viewer.playing
-    }))
-  );
-  // Seconds of film into this output's own piece numbers. The product does it
-  // with the cut table, which knows where the pieces fall; here the pieces are a
-  // uniform grid, so it is a division — and doing it at all is the point, since
-  // the map is per FILM and every consumer numbers differently.
-  made.notePriorityMap(PICTURE, runsOf(map).map((zone) => ({
-    from: Math.floor(zone.from / SEGMENT_SECONDS),
-    to: Math.max(
-      Math.floor(zone.from / SEGMENT_SECONDS),
-      Math.ceil(zone.to / SEGMENT_SECONDS) - 1
-    ),
-    priority: zone.priority,
-    withinSeconds: zone.withinSeconds,
-    behind: zone.behind
-  })));
-}
-
-/**
- * How many encoders are working the stretch around one number.
- *
- * The count that matters for a viewer is not how many exist — spare capacity is
- * meant to be spent finishing the film, so a machine that holds three should be
- * holding three — but how many are crowded onto the place they are standing.
- *
- * @param {EncodeOrchestrator} made
- * @param {number} segment
- */
-function onTheStretchOf(made, segment) {
-  return made.runsOn(PICTURE).filter((run) => {
-    const to = run.to < run.from ? Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY : run.to;
-    return run.from <= segment && segment <= to;
-  }).length;
-}
-
-/** @param {EncodeOrchestrator} made */
-function placements(made) {
-  return made.runsOn(PICTURE).map((run) => run.from).sort((left, right) => left - right);
-}
-
-/**
- * Every live encoder's stretch, so that "they never share a number" can be
- * asserted as the consequence it is rather than trusted.
- *
- * @param {EncodeOrchestrator} made
- */
-function assertNoOverlap(made) {
-  const spans = made.runsOn(PICTURE)
-    .map((run) => [run.from, run.to < run.from ? Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY : run.to])
-    .sort((left, right) => left[0] - right[0]);
-  for (let index = 0; index < spans.length - 1; index += 1) {
-    assert.ok(
-      spans[index][1] < spans[index + 1][0],
-      `#${spans[index][0]}..#${spans[index][1]} overlaps #${spans[index + 1][0]}`
-    );
-  }
-}
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------- one viewer
-
-test("one viewer playing: one encoder, exactly where they are", () => {
-  const { made, watches } = orchestrator();
-  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
-  made.reconcile();
-  assert.deepEqual(placements(made), [100], "at their own position, 400s / 4s");
-  assertNoOverlap(made);
-});
-
-test("one viewer playing: the encoder keeping up buys no second one", () => {
-  // The peak moves forward on its own as they watch, and an encoder that stays
-  // in front of it is never late. This is the case that must NOT spend a
-  // process, and the one the old head-as-a-barrier rule got wrong.
-  const { made, watches } = orchestrator();
-  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
-  made.reconcile();
-  const [run] = made.runsOn(PICTURE);
-  measureSpeed(run, 6, clock);
-  for (let index = 100; index < 130; index += 1) {
-    made.noteProduced(PICTURE, index);
-  }
-  watches("one", { atSeconds: 480 });
-  made.reconcile();
-  // Asked of the first number nobody has, not of the one they are standing on:
-  // that one is already made, and nothing needs to be covering it.
-  assert.equal(onTheStretchOf(made, 130), 1, "one encoder on the film in front of them");
-  assertNoOverlap(made);
-});
-
-test("one viewer seeking far ahead: an encoder is placed there", () => {
-  const { made, watches } = orchestrator();
-  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
-  made.reconcile();
-  measureSpeed(made.runsOn(PICTURE)[0], 6, clock);
-  made.noteProduced(PICTURE, 100);
-
-  // The peak JUMPS. Nothing about the old place is wanted now.
-  watches("one", { atSeconds: 3000 });
-  made.reconcile();
-
-  assert.ok(placements(made).includes(750), "an encoder where they landed, 3000s / 4s");
-  assertNoOverlap(made);
-});
-
-test("one viewer paused: nothing is late, so no encoder is added", () => {
-  // A paused viewer states the whole film at one undifferentiated rank and no
-  // time by which any of it must exist. The encoder already working goes on
-  // encoding the track; nothing justifies a second process.
-  const { made, watches } = orchestrator();
-  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
-  made.reconcile();
-  measureSpeed(made.runsOn(PICTURE)[0], 1, clock);
-  made.noteProduced(PICTURE, 100);
-
-  watches("one", { atSeconds: 404, playing: false });
-  made.reconcile();
-
-  assert.equal(onTheStretchOf(made, 101), 1, "one encoder where they are standing");
-  assertNoOverlap(made);
-});
-
-test("one viewer paused states no deadline anywhere", () => {
-  // The map's own answer, checked directly, because every placement decision
-  // below rests on it.
-  const map = mapForViewer({
-    atSeconds: 400,
-    durationSeconds: FILM_SECONDS,
-    allowanceSeconds: 8,
-    playing: false
-  });
-  assert.ok(map.durationSeconds > 0, "a paused viewer still wants the film");
-  for (let second = 0; second < map.durationSeconds; second += 1) {
-    assert.equal(map.secondsUntilPlayed[second], Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,
-      "but no second of it has a time by which it must exist");
-  }
-  // Their POSITION survives the pause, and with it the rule that what is in
-  // front of them is made before what is behind.
-  assert.equal(map.behind[399], 1, "what they have watched is behind them");
-  assert.equal(map.behind[400], 0, "and what they have not is in front");
-  assert.ok(map.priority[400] > map.priority[399], "which is what the numbers say");
-});
-
-// --------------------------------------------------------------- two viewers
-
-test("two viewers close together share one encoder", () => {
-  // Film both of them want is made once. This is what merging the map is for,
-  // and it must survive the deadline being carried alongside the rank.
-  const { made, watches } = orchestrator();
-  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
-  watches("two", { atSeconds: 408 });
-  made.reconcile();
-  // One encoder for the pair — asked of the film they are both about to watch.
-  // The machine may well be running others further on: what it has spare goes to
-  // finishing the file, and that is a different question from crowding.
-  assert.equal(onTheStretchOf(made, 100), 1, "one encoder for the pair");
-  assert.equal(onTheStretchOf(made, 102), 1, "and one for the film just in front of them");
-  assertNoOverlap(made);
-});
-
-test("two viewers far apart get an encoder each", () => {
-  const { made, watches } = orchestrator();
-  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
-  made.reconcile();
-  measureSpeed(made.runsOn(PICTURE)[0], 6, clock);
-  made.noteProduced(PICTURE, 100);
-
-  watches("two", { atSeconds: 3000 });
-  made.reconcile();
-
-  assert.ok(placements(made).includes(750), "the far one is served where they stand");
-  assert.equal(onTheStretchOf(made, 750), 1, "and by one encoder, not a crowd");
-  assertNoOverlap(made);
-});
-
-test("two viewers: one seeking does not take the other's encoder", () => {
-  const { made, watches } = orchestrator();
-  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
-  made.reconcile();
-  // A speed has to be measured before a second encoder can be justified: how
-  // long one takes to reach a number is the whole comparison. Real life
-  // measures it from the first run; a test that stated both viewers before any
-  // run existed would be asking the plan to buy a process on no evidence.
-  measureSpeed(made.runsOn(PICTURE)[0], 6, clock);
-  made.noteProduced(PICTURE, 100);
-  watches("two", { atSeconds: 3000 });
-  made.reconcile();
-  for (const run of made.runsOn(PICTURE)) {
-    measureSpeed(run, 6, clock);
-  }
-  assert.ok(made.runsOn(PICTURE).length >= 2, "one each to begin with");
-
-  // The far one seeks somewhere else entirely.
-  watches("two", { atSeconds: 2000 });
-  made.reconcile();
-
-  // Asked of the coverage, not of a run's first number: a run whose road was
-  // shortened begins again at its own head, so "is this viewer served" is a
-  // question about the map and never about where a process happens to start.
-  const coverage = made.coverageOf(PICTURE);
-  assert.equal(coverage.stateOf(105), "making", "the one who did not move is still served");
-  assert.ok(placements(made).includes(500), "and the one who moved is served where they landed");
-  assertNoOverlap(made);
-});
-
-test("two viewers: one pausing leaves the other served", () => {
-  const { made, watches } = orchestrator();
-  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
-  watches("two", { atSeconds: 3000 });
-  made.reconcile();
-  for (const run of made.runsOn(PICTURE)) {
-    measureSpeed(run, 1, clock);
-  }
-
-  watches("two", { atSeconds: 3000, playing: false });
-  made.reconcile();
-
-  assert.equal(made.coverageOf(PICTURE).stateOf(105), "making",
-    "the one still watching keeps their encoder");
-  assertNoOverlap(made);
-});
-
-test("two viewers: the one who leaves takes nothing from the one who stays", () => {
-  const { made, watches, leaves } = orchestrator();
-  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
-  watches("two", { atSeconds: 3000 });
-  made.reconcile();
-  for (const run of made.runsOn(PICTURE)) {
-    measureSpeed(run, 1, clock);
-  }
-
-  leaves("two");
-  made.reconcile();
-
-  assert.equal(made.coverageOf(PICTURE).stateOf(105), "making",
-    "the one who stayed is still served");
-  assertNoOverlap(made);
-});
-
-// ------------------------------------------------------------- three viewers
-
-test("three viewers far apart get an encoder each when the machine affords it", () => {
-  const { made, watches } = orchestrator({ maxRuns: 3 });
-  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
-  watches("two", { atSeconds: 2000 });
-  watches("three", { atSeconds: 3600 });
-  made.reconcile();
-  for (const run of made.runsOn(PICTURE)) {
-    measureSpeed(run, 6, clock);
-  }
-  made.reconcile();
-
-  const where = placements(made);
-  for (const at of [100, 500, 900]) {
-    assert.ok(where.includes(at), `somebody is making what the viewer at #${at} needs`);
-    assert.equal(onTheStretchOf(made, at), 1, `and one encoder there, not a crowd`);
-  }
-  assertNoOverlap(made);
-});
-
-test("three viewers, a machine that affords two: the budget binds, not the map", () => {
-  // The number of encoders is the smaller of what the map asks and what the
-  // machine can hold. Which two are served follows from the order the work is
-  // taken in; what must not happen is a third process on a host that cannot
-  // hold it, or two processes writing one number.
-  const { made, watches } = orchestrator({ maxRuns: 2 });
-  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
-  watches("two", { atSeconds: 2000 });
-  watches("three", { atSeconds: 3600 });
-  made.reconcile();
-  for (const run of made.runsOn(PICTURE)) {
-    measureSpeed(run, 1, clock);
-  }
-  made.reconcile();
-
-  assert.ok(made.runsOn(PICTURE).length <= 2, "never more than the machine affords");
-  assert.ok(made.runsOn(PICTURE).length >= 1, "and never nothing while people wait");
-  assertNoOverlap(made);
-});
-
-test("three viewers: one seeks onto another, and the two of them share", () => {
-  const { made, watches } = orchestrator({ maxRuns: 3 });
-  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
-  made.reconcile();
-  measureSpeed(made.runsOn(PICTURE)[0], 6, clock);
-  made.noteProduced(PICTURE, 100);
-  watches("two", { atSeconds: 2000 });
-  watches("three", { atSeconds: 3600 });
-  made.reconcile();
-  for (const run of made.runsOn(PICTURE)) {
-    measureSpeed(run, 6, clock);
-  }
-  made.reconcile();
-  assert.equal(made.runsOn(PICTURE).length, 3);
-
-  // The third joins the second. Two peaks where there were three.
-  watches("three", { atSeconds: 2008 });
-  made.reconcile();
-
-  assert.ok(made.runsOn(PICTURE).length <= 3, "no process is added by people converging");
-  assertNoOverlap(made);
-});
-
-test("three viewers: all paused, and no encoder is added for any of them", () => {
-  const { made, watches } = orchestrator({ maxRuns: 3 });
-  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
-  made.reconcile();
-  measureSpeed(made.runsOn(PICTURE)[0], 1, clock);
-  const before = made.runsOn(PICTURE).length;
-
-  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400, playing: false });
-  watches("two", { atSeconds: 2000, playing: false });
-  watches("three", { atSeconds: 3600, playing: false });
-  made.reconcile();
-
-  // Nobody is coming anywhere, so nothing can be late — and the machine does not
-  // therefore fall idle: what it has spare goes on finishing the file, which is
-  // what makes a seek back into a made part start playing at once.
-  assert.ok(made.runsOn(PICTURE).length >= before, "the file goes on being finished");
-  assertNoOverlap(made);
-});
-
-test("the plan is a function of the state: the same state twice gives the same answer", () => {
-  // What stops a moving map from becoming a thrash: the decision is arithmetic
-  // over the state, so a pass that finds nothing changed changes nothing.
-  const { made, watches } = orchestrator({ maxRuns: 3 });
-  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
-  watches("two", { atSeconds: 2000 });
-  made.reconcile();
-  for (const run of made.runsOn(PICTURE)) {
-    measureSpeed(run, 1, clock);
-  }
-  made.reconcile();
-  const first = placements(made);
-  made.reconcile();
-  made.reconcile();
-  assert.deepEqual(placements(made), first, "three more passes moved nothing");
-});
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------- the edge
-
-test("exactly realtime arrives exactly on time, and no second encoder is bought", () => {
-  // The knife edge, and it lands on "in time" by construction: the deadline of
-  // a number is the distance to it, and an encoder at 1.0x covers that distance
-  // in exactly that time. So the arithmetic says nothing is late and nothing is
-  // bought. Worth pinning, because the formula this model replaced said
-  // something quite different — `speed / (1 - speed)` divides by zero here and
-  // claims the encoder stays ahead FOR EVER, which is the same answer arrived
-  // at by nonsense.
-  const { made, watches } = orchestrator({ maxRuns: 3 });
-  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
-  made.reconcile();
-  measureSpeed(made.runsOn(PICTURE)[0], 1, clock);
-  made.noteProduced(PICTURE, 100);
-  made.reconcile();
-
-  assert.equal(onTheStretchOf(made, 150), 1,
-    "just in time everywhere, so one encoder on the viewer's stretch is enough");
-  assertNoOverlap(made);
-});
-
-test("below realtime, whether a second encoder helps is arithmetic, and here it does not", () => {
-  // The side of the edge that matters, and the answer is not the one this check
-  // asserted when it was written. An encoder at half realtime loses ground on
-  // the viewer every second, so everything ahead of it is late — and a second
-  // process does not fix that, because on this host each of two runs at 1.70x
-  // slower than one. The near film gets worse by more than the far film gets
-  // better, so the total seconds of waiting go UP, and the score refuses.
-  //
-  // What this case actually needs is the answer the user gave for it: a machine
-  // that cannot serve its viewers without stopping the picture says so, and the
-  // viewer is moved to another proxy. That is not built. Adding processes is not
-  // a substitute for it and the model correctly declines to pretend otherwise.
-  const { made, watches, leaves } = orchestrator({ maxRuns: 3 });
-  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
-  made.reconcile();
-  measureSpeed(made.runsOn(PICTURE)[0], 0.5, clock);
-  made.noteProduced(PICTURE, 100);
-  made.reconcile();
-
-  assert.equal(made.runsOn(PICTURE).length, 1,
-    "one encoder, because two of them would leave the viewer waiting longer");
-  assert.equal(made.coverageOf(PICTURE).stateOf(101), "making",
-    "and it is on the film in front of them");
-  assertNoOverlap(made);
-  void leaves;
-});
-
-test("two viewers arriving together on a cold output get one encoder, then are measured", () => {
-  // Nothing has measured how fast this machine encodes, so how long one encoder
-  // would take to reach the second viewer is not a known quantity. Buying a
-  // process on that is buying it on no evidence, which is refused; one is placed
-  // and the speed it reports is what justifies the next.
-  const { made, watches } = orchestrator({ maxRuns: 3 });
-  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
-  watches("two", { atSeconds: 3000 });
-  made.reconcile();
-  assert.ok(made.runsOn(PICTURE).length >= 1, "at least one, until something is measured");
-  assert.equal(onTheStretchOf(made, 100), 1, "and not two on the same place");
-
-  measureSpeed(made.runsOn(PICTURE)[0], 6, clock);
-  made.noteProduced(PICTURE, 100);
-  made.reconcile();
-  assert.ok(placements(made).includes(750), "and now the far one is served too");
-  assertNoOverlap(made);
-});
-
-test("an encoder comfortably faster than realtime is left to do the whole stretch", () => {
-  const { made, watches } = orchestrator({ maxRuns: 3 });
-  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
-  made.reconcile();
-  measureSpeed(made.runsOn(PICTURE)[0], 6, clock);
-  made.noteProduced(PICTURE, 100);
-  made.reconcile();
-
-  assert.equal(onTheStretchOf(made, 150), 1, "one encoder on the stretch they are watching");
-  assertNoOverlap(made);
-});
-
-test("a swarm that feeds one encoder moves it to whoever is late, rather than serving nobody", () => {
-  // The budget binds. The one encoder there is stands where nothing is due —
-  // the viewer left — so it is moved to the soonest number that IS due. Without
-  // this the viewer who seeked was served by nobody at all: the run kept its
-  // road because nothing covered what lay in front of IT.
-  const { made, watches } = orchestrator({ maxRuns: 3 });
-  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
-  made.reconcile();
-  const [run] = made.runsOn(PICTURE);
-  // 6x against a swarm charging 0.25 s per second of film: one encoder already
-  // takes one and a half of what is delivered, so the budget is one.
-  measureSpeed(run, 6, clock);
-  made.refetchSecPerFilmSecond = () => 0.25;
-  made.noteProduced(PICTURE, 100);
-
-  watches("one", { atSeconds: 3000 });
-  made.reconcile();
-
-  assert.equal(made.runsOn(PICTURE).length, 1, "still one, because that is what the swarm feeds");
-  assert.deepEqual(placements(made), [750], "and it is where the viewer now stands");
-  assertNoOverlap(made);
-});
-
-// ------------------------------------------------------- seeking BACKWARD
-
-test("one viewer seeking back into film that exists is served from it, with no encoder", () => {
-  // The case the whole layer was built for. Everything behind them has been
-  // made, so nothing is late anywhere they are going, and the score says the
-  // cheapest arrangement is the one that changes nothing. A restart here is the
-  // 647-second stall of 2026-09-06 in miniature.
-  const { made, watches } = orchestrator();
-  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
-  made.reconcile();
-  measureSpeed(made.runsOn(PICTURE)[0], 6, clock);
-  for (let index = 100; index <= 160; index += 1) {
-    made.noteProduced(PICTURE, index);
-  }
-  const before = made.runsOn(PICTURE);
-
-  watches("one", { atSeconds: 440 });
-  made.reconcile();
-
-  // Not "the count is unchanged": with nothing late anywhere, the machine is
-  // free to spend what it has spare on finishing the file, and that is what the
-  // user asked for. What must not happen is a process put on film that already
-  // exists, or the run they were behind restarted — which is the 647-second
-  // stall of 2026-09-06 in miniature.
-  for (const was of before) {
-    assert.ok(made.runsOn(PICTURE).includes(was),
-      "the encoder they were behind is not restarted");
-  }
-  for (const run_ of made.runsOn(PICTURE)) {
-    // Where it is WORKING, not where it was created: the surviving run was
-    // started at #100 and has since produced up to #161.
-    assert.equal(made.coverageOf(PICTURE).isReady(run_.head), false,
-      `no process is bought for film that exists (#${run_.head})`);
-  }
-  assertNoOverlap(made);
-});
-
-test("one viewer seeking back into film nobody has gets an encoder there", () => {
-  // Behind them is not the same as made. Where the film was never encoded, going
-  // back is exactly as bare as going forward, and the arithmetic is the same one.
-  const { made, watches } = orchestrator();
-  watches("one", { atSeconds: 3000 });
-  made.reconcile();
-  measureSpeed(made.runsOn(PICTURE)[0], 6, clock);
-  made.noteProduced(PICTURE, 750);
-
-  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
-  made.reconcile();
-
-  const coverage = made.coverageOf(PICTURE);
-  assert.equal(coverage.stateOf(100), "making", "somebody is making where they landed");
-  assertNoOverlap(made);
-});
-
-test("two viewers: one seeks back onto film the other already had made", () => {
-  const { made, watches } = orchestrator({ maxRuns: 3 });
-  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
-  made.reconcile();
-  measureSpeed(made.runsOn(PICTURE)[0], 6, clock);
-  for (let index = 100; index <= 200; index += 1) {
-    made.noteProduced(PICTURE, index);
-  }
-  watches("two", { atSeconds: 3000 });
-  made.reconcile();
-  for (const run of made.runsOn(PICTURE)) {
-    measureSpeed(run, 6, clock);
-  }
-  const before = made.runsOn(PICTURE).length;
-
-  // The far one comes back to where the first one has already been.
-  watches("two", { atSeconds: 500 });
-  made.reconcile();
-
-  assert.ok(made.runsOn(PICTURE).length <= before,
-    "coming back onto made film buys nobody an encoder");
-  assertNoOverlap(made);
-});
-
-test("three viewers: one forward, one back, one paused", () => {
-  // All three motions at once, which is the state a real proxy is in most of the
-  // time. What must hold is what always must: never two encoders on one number,
-  // never more than the machine affords, and somebody making what the moving
-  // viewers are about to need.
-  const { made, watches } = orchestrator({ maxRuns: 3 });
-  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
-  watches("two", { atSeconds: 2000 });
-  watches("three", { atSeconds: 3600 });
-  made.reconcile();
-  for (const run of made.runsOn(PICTURE)) {
-    measureSpeed(run, 6, clock);
-  }
-  made.reconcile();
-
-  watches("one", { atSeconds: 800 });
-  watches("two", { atSeconds: 1200 });
-  watches("three", { atSeconds: 3600, playing: false });
-  made.reconcile();
-
-  assert.ok(made.runsOn(PICTURE).length <= 3, "never more than the machine holds");
-  assertNoOverlap(made);
-  const coverage = made.coverageOf(PICTURE);
-  assert.equal(coverage.stateOf(200), "making", "the one who went forward is served");
-  assert.equal(coverage.stateOf(300), "making", "and so is the one who came back");
-});
-
-test("a viewer scrubbing back and forth does not accumulate encoders", () => {
-  // A person dragging the time bar states a new position every few hundred
-  // milliseconds, and each of those is a state the plan answers. What must hold
-  // is that the answers do not pile up: an encoder bought for a place the viewer
-  // passed through is not still running when they have gone back.
-  //
-  // Not that the arrangement is identical to the one before the scrub — the
-  // model does not promise that and nothing here should claim it. What it
-  // promises is that no arrangement costs more than it is worth.
-  const { made, watches } = orchestrator({ maxRuns: 3 });
-  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
-  made.reconcile();
-  measureSpeed(made.runsOn(PICTURE)[0], 6, clock);
-  made.noteProduced(PICTURE, 100);
-  made.reconcile();
-  const settled = placements(made);
-
-  watches("one", { atSeconds: 2000 });
-  made.reconcile();
-  for (const run of made.runsOn(PICTURE)) {
-    measureSpeed(run, 6, clock);
-  }
-  watches("one", { atSeconds: 404 });
-  made.reconcile();
-  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
-  made.reconcile();
-  made.reconcile();
-
-  // Not "no more encoders" — the machine is allowed to spend what it has spare on
-  // finishing the file, and after a scrub there is more of the file it has seen.
-  // What must not happen is two of them on one stretch, or more than the machine
-  // holds, or the viewer left unserved.
-  assert.ok(made.runsOn(PICTURE).length <= 3, "never more than the machine holds");
-  assert.equal(onTheStretchOf(made, 105), 1, "one encoder on the film in front of them");
-  assert.equal(made.coverageOf(PICTURE).stateOf(105), "making", "and the viewer is served");
-  assertNoOverlap(made);
-  void settled;
-});
+/**
+ * @file The placement model under one, two and three viewers, each of them
+ * playing, seeking and paused.
+ *
+ * THE MODEL, restated so a failure here can be read against it:
+ *
+ * - each segment number carries a deadline `D(x)`, the seconds until somebody
+ *   needs it. A viewer moving forward covers a second of film in a second, so
+ *   `D(x)` is the distance to them. `Infinity` where nobody is coming;
+ * - an encoder placed at `a` delivers `a + j` at `(j + 1) / r`, `r` segments per
+ *   second. The same expression answers "when would the one already placed get
+ *   here";
+ * - a number is late when it arrives after its deadline. Placement is first-fit
+ *   left to right: give it to an encoder that arrives in time, else open one
+ *   exactly there.
+ *
+ * Three behaviours of the map follow from that and are checked here rather than
+ * assumed. A peak MOVES FORWARD on its own, because the deadline is a distance
+ * and the distance shrinks as the viewer watches. It JUMPS on a seek. It
+ * FLATTENS on a pause, because a viewer who is not moving has no time by which
+ * anything must exist.
+ *
+ * Nothing here spawns ffmpeg, touches a disk or reads a clock. That is the layer
+ * check, made executable: this layer is exercised with plain values alone.
+ */
+
+import test from "node:test";
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { EventEmitter } from "node:events";
+import { EncodeRun } from "../services/encode/EncodeRun.js";
+import { measureSpeed } from "./helpers/encode-run.js";
+import { SoftwareEncoder } from "../services/encode/SoftwareEncoder.js";
+import { EncodeOrchestrator } from "../services/encode/EncodeOrchestrator.js";
+import { mapForViewer, mergeMaps, runsOf } from "../services/viewer/PriorityMap.js";
+import { penaltiesFrom } from "../services/encode/contention.js";
+
+// WHAT A SECOND ENCODER COSTS THE FIRST — measured, never a formula.
+//
+// Addon host, 2026-09-03: 854x480 through libx264 `ultrafast` ran at 7.12x with
+// the machine to itself, and at 4.20x and 4.16x when two ran at once. The
+// penalty is read off that reading by the SAME two functions production uses,
+// so nothing here invents a shape: beyond what was measured the reading is held
+// rather than extrapolated.
+const MEASURED_PENALTIES = penaltiesFrom(7.12, [{ others: 1, speed: 4.18 }]);
+
+// What a start and a stop cost, measured on the same host: a spawn with its
+// input open is 0.12 s there.
+const RUN_COSTS = { killCostSec: 0, firstByteWaitSec: 0.12 };
+
+
+const PICTURE = "torrent:abc:fmt=fmp4:grid=kf@0:video-only:v=0/copy";
+const SEGMENT_SECONDS = 4;
+const FILM_SECONDS = 4000;
+const SEGMENTS = FILM_SECONDS / SEGMENT_SECONDS;
+
+/** What every run of these tests reads as now; a measurement advances it. */
+const clock = { at: 1000 };
+
+class FakeProcess extends EventEmitter {
+  constructor() {
+    super();
+    this.pid = 1;
+    // The progress channel and the channel closed pieces are named on.
+    this.stdout = new EventEmitter();
+    this.stdio = [null, this.stdout, null, new EventEmitter()];
+  }
+
+  kill(signal) {
+    this.emit("close", null, signal);
+  }
+}
+
+/** @param {{ maxRuns?: number }} [options] */
+function orchestrator({ maxRuns = 3 } = {}) {
+  /** @type {EncodeOrchestrator} */
+  let made;
+  const build = ({ address, from, to }) => new EncodeRun({
+    address,
+    encoder: new SoftwareEncoder(),
+    from,
+    to,
+    buildArgs: () => ["-i", "in", "out"],
+    spawn: () => new FakeProcess(),
+    logger: { info() {}, warn() {} },
+    now: () => clock.at,
+    onEnded: (ended) => made.noteEnded(ended)
+  });
+  made = new EncodeOrchestrator({
+    maxRunsFor: () => maxRuns,
+    segmentSeconds: SEGMENT_SECONDS,
+    ...RUN_COSTS,
+    // A swarm with room for several encoders. The figure is the measured cost
+    // of fetching a second of film again, in seconds of swarm time; at 0.25 one
+    // encoder at 6x already takes one and a half swarms, so the budget would be
+    // one process and the placement would have nothing to place — which is a
+    // real limit, checked in its own test below, and not the subject of these.
+    refetchSecPerFilmSecond: () => 0.02,
+    // What the startup benchmark says this host encodes at. It exists before
+    // any viewer, so the plan is never without a speed.
+    startingSpeedFor: () => 2,
+    // What a second encoder costs the first, measured on the addon host. The
+    // orchestrator reads the table with the same pure function production uses.
+    // Without it an extra process is free and the score always wants more of
+    // them — and fewer encoders can genuinely finish sooner.
+    contentionPenalties: MEASURED_PENALTIES,
+    now: () => 1000,
+    logger: { info() {}, warn() {} },
+    makeRun: build
+  });
+  made.setSegmentCount(PICTURE, SEGMENTS);
+  /** Who is watching, by name. The map is rebuilt from all of them on change. */
+  const watching = new Map();
+  const watches = (who, { atSeconds, playing = true }) => {
+    watching.set(who, { atSeconds, playing });
+    stateMap(made, watching);
+  };
+  const leaves = (who) => {
+    watching.delete(who);
+    stateMap(made, watching);
+  };
+  return { made, build, watches, leaves };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Everybody watching, as ONE map, the way the product builds it.
+ *
+ * A viewer's own map is in seconds of film; the maps of all of them are merged
+ * into one, and only then converted into an output's own numbering. Doing it
+ * here rather than stating windows by hand is the point: the pause and the seek
+ * are the MAP's behaviour, and a test that stated windows directly would be
+ * checking its own arithmetic.
+ *
+ * @param {EncodeOrchestrator} made
+ * @param {Map<string, { atSeconds: number, playing: boolean }>} watching
+ */
+function stateMap(made, watching) {
+  const map = mergeMaps(
+    [...watching.values()].map((viewer) => mapForViewer({
+      atSeconds: viewer.atSeconds,
+      durationSeconds: FILM_SECONDS,
+      allowanceSeconds: 8,
+      playing: viewer.playing
+    }))
+  );
+  // Seconds of film into this output's own piece numbers. The product does it
+  // with the cut table, which knows where the pieces fall; here the pieces are a
+  // uniform grid, so it is a division — and doing it at all is the point, since
+  // the map is per FILM and every consumer numbers differently.
+  made.notePriorityMap(PICTURE, runsOf(map).map((zone) => ({
+    from: Math.floor(zone.from / SEGMENT_SECONDS),
+    to: Math.max(
+      Math.floor(zone.from / SEGMENT_SECONDS),
+      Math.ceil(zone.to / SEGMENT_SECONDS) - 1
+    ),
+    priority: zone.priority,
+    withinSeconds: zone.withinSeconds,
+    behind: zone.behind
+  })));
+}
+
+/**
+ * How many encoders are working the stretch around one number.
+ *
+ * The count that matters for a viewer is not how many exist — spare capacity is
+ * meant to be spent finishing the film, so a machine that holds three should be
+ * holding three — but how many are crowded onto the place they are standing.
+ *
+ * @param {EncodeOrchestrator} made
+ * @param {number} segment
+ */
+function onTheStretchOf(made, segment) {
+  return made.runsOn(PICTURE).filter((run) => {
+    const to = run.to < run.from ? Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY : run.to;
+    return run.from <= segment && segment <= to;
+  }).length;
+}
+
+/** @param {EncodeOrchestrator} made */
+function placements(made) {
+  return made.runsOn(PICTURE).map((run) => run.from).sort((left, right) => left - right);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Every live encoder's stretch, so that "they never share a number" can be
+ * asserted as the consequence it is rather than trusted.
+ *
+ * @param {EncodeOrchestrator} made
+ */
+function assertNoOverlap(made) {
+  const spans = made.runsOn(PICTURE)
+    .map((run) => [run.from, run.to < run.from ? Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY : run.to])
+    .sort((left, right) => left[0] - right[0]);
+  for (let index = 0; index < spans.length - 1; index += 1) {
+    assert.ok(
+      spans[index][1] < spans[index + 1][0],
+      `#${spans[index][0]}..#${spans[index][1]} overlaps #${spans[index + 1][0]}`
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------- one viewer
+
+test("one viewer playing: one encoder, exactly where they are", () => {
+  const { made, watches } = orchestrator();
+  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
+  made.reconcile();
+  assert.deepEqual(placements(made), [100], "at their own position, 400s / 4s");
+  assertNoOverlap(made);
+});
+
+test("one viewer playing: the encoder keeping up buys no second one", () => {
+  // The peak moves forward on its own as they watch, and an encoder that stays
+  // in front of it is never late. This is the case that must NOT spend a
+  // process, and the one the old head-as-a-barrier rule got wrong.
+  const { made, watches } = orchestrator();
+  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
+  made.reconcile();
+  const [run] = made.runsOn(PICTURE);
+  measureSpeed(run, 6, clock);
+  for (let index = 100; index < 130; index += 1) {
+    made.noteProduced(PICTURE, index);
+  }
+  watches("one", { atSeconds: 480 });
+  made.reconcile();
+  // Asked of the first number nobody has, not of the one they are standing on:
+  // that one is already made, and nothing needs to be covering it.
+  assert.equal(onTheStretchOf(made, 130), 1, "one encoder on the film in front of them");
+  assertNoOverlap(made);
+});
+
+test("one viewer seeking far ahead: an encoder is placed there", () => {
+  const { made, watches } = orchestrator();
+  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
+  made.reconcile();
+  measureSpeed(made.runsOn(PICTURE)[0], 6, clock);
+  made.noteProduced(PICTURE, 100);
+
+  // The peak JUMPS. Nothing about the old place is wanted now.
+  watches("one", { atSeconds: 3000 });
+  made.reconcile();
+
+  assert.ok(placements(made).includes(750), "an encoder where they landed, 3000s / 4s");
+  assertNoOverlap(made);
+});
+
+test("one viewer paused: nothing is late, so no encoder is added", () => {
+  // A paused viewer states the whole film at one undifferentiated rank and no
+  // time by which any of it must exist. The encoder already working goes on
+  // encoding the track; nothing justifies a second process.
+  const { made, watches } = orchestrator();
+  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
+  made.reconcile();
+  measureSpeed(made.runsOn(PICTURE)[0], 1, clock);
+  made.noteProduced(PICTURE, 100);
+
+  watches("one", { atSeconds: 404, playing: false });
+  made.reconcile();
+
+  assert.equal(onTheStretchOf(made, 101), 1, "one encoder where they are standing");
+  assertNoOverlap(made);
+});
+
+test("one viewer paused states no deadline anywhere", () => {
+  // The map's own answer, checked directly, because every placement decision
+  // below rests on it.
+  const map = mapForViewer({
+    atSeconds: 400,
+    durationSeconds: FILM_SECONDS,
+    allowanceSeconds: 8,
+    playing: false
+  });
+  assert.ok(map.durationSeconds > 0, "a paused viewer still wants the film");
+  for (let second = 0; second < map.durationSeconds; second += 1) {
+    assert.equal(map.secondsUntilPlayed[second], Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,
+      "but no second of it has a time by which it must exist");
+  }
+  // Their POSITION survives the pause, and with it the rule that what is in
+  // front of them is made before what is behind.
+  assert.equal(map.behind[399], 1, "what they have watched is behind them");
+  assert.equal(map.behind[400], 0, "and what they have not is in front");
+  assert.ok(map.priority[400] > map.priority[399], "which is what the numbers say");
+});
+
+// --------------------------------------------------------------- two viewers
+
+test("two viewers close together share one encoder", () => {
+  // Film both of them want is made once. This is what merging the map is for,
+  // and it must survive the deadline being carried alongside the rank.
+  const { made, watches } = orchestrator();
+  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
+  watches("two", { atSeconds: 408 });
+  made.reconcile();
+  // One encoder for the pair — asked of the film they are both about to watch.
+  // The machine may well be running others further on: what it has spare goes to
+  // finishing the file, and that is a different question from crowding.
+  assert.equal(onTheStretchOf(made, 100), 1, "one encoder for the pair");
+  assert.equal(onTheStretchOf(made, 102), 1, "and one for the film just in front of them");
+  assertNoOverlap(made);
+});
+
+test("two viewers far apart get an encoder each", () => {
+  const { made, watches } = orchestrator();
+  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
+  made.reconcile();
+  measureSpeed(made.runsOn(PICTURE)[0], 6, clock);
+  made.noteProduced(PICTURE, 100);
+
+  watches("two", { atSeconds: 3000 });
+  made.reconcile();
+
+  assert.ok(placements(made).includes(750), "the far one is served where they stand");
+  assert.equal(onTheStretchOf(made, 750), 1, "and by one encoder, not a crowd");
+  assertNoOverlap(made);
+});
+
+test("two viewers: one seeking does not take the other's encoder", () => {
+  const { made, watches } = orchestrator();
+  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
+  made.reconcile();
+  // A speed has to be measured before a second encoder can be justified: how
+  // long one takes to reach a number is the whole comparison. Real life
+  // measures it from the first run; a test that stated both viewers before any
+  // run existed would be asking the plan to buy a process on no evidence.
+  measureSpeed(made.runsOn(PICTURE)[0], 6, clock);
+  made.noteProduced(PICTURE, 100);
+  watches("two", { atSeconds: 3000 });
+  made.reconcile();
+  for (const run of made.runsOn(PICTURE)) {
+    measureSpeed(run, 6, clock);
+  }
+  assert.ok(made.runsOn(PICTURE).length >= 2, "one each to begin with");
+
+  // The far one seeks somewhere else entirely.
+  watches("two", { atSeconds: 2000 });
+  made.reconcile();
+
+  // Asked of the coverage, not of a run's first number: a run whose road was
+  // shortened begins again at its own head, so "is this viewer served" is a
+  // question about the map and never about where a process happens to start.
+  const coverage = made.coverageOf(PICTURE);
+  assert.equal(coverage.stateOf(105), "making", "the one who did not move is still served");
+  assert.ok(placements(made).includes(500), "and the one who moved is served where they landed");
+  assertNoOverlap(made);
+});
+
+test("two viewers: one pausing leaves the other served", () => {
+  const { made, watches } = orchestrator();
+  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
+  watches("two", { atSeconds: 3000 });
+  made.reconcile();
+  for (const run of made.runsOn(PICTURE)) {
+    measureSpeed(run, 1, clock);
+  }
+
+  watches("two", { atSeconds: 3000, playing: false });
+  made.reconcile();
+
+  assert.equal(made.coverageOf(PICTURE).stateOf(105), "making",
+    "the one still watching keeps their encoder");
+  assertNoOverlap(made);
+});
+
+test("two viewers: the one who leaves takes nothing from the one who stays", () => {
+  const { made, watches, leaves } = orchestrator();
+  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
+  watches("two", { atSeconds: 3000 });
+  made.reconcile();
+  for (const run of made.runsOn(PICTURE)) {
+    measureSpeed(run, 1, clock);
+  }
+
+  leaves("two");
+  made.reconcile();
+
+  assert.equal(made.coverageOf(PICTURE).stateOf(105), "making",
+    "the one who stayed is still served");
+  assertNoOverlap(made);
+});
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------------- three viewers
+
+test("three viewers far apart get an encoder each when the machine affords it", () => {
+  const { made, watches } = orchestrator({ maxRuns: 3 });
+  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
+  watches("two", { atSeconds: 2000 });
+  watches("three", { atSeconds: 3600 });
+  made.reconcile();
+  for (const run of made.runsOn(PICTURE)) {
+    measureSpeed(run, 6, clock);
+  }
+  made.reconcile();
+
+  const where = placements(made);
+  for (const at of [100, 500, 900]) {
+    assert.ok(where.includes(at), `somebody is making what the viewer at #${at} needs`);
+    assert.equal(onTheStretchOf(made, at), 1, `and one encoder there, not a crowd`);
+  }
+  assertNoOverlap(made);
+});
+
+test("three viewers, a machine that affords two: the budget binds, not the map", () => {
+  // The number of encoders is the smaller of what the map asks and what the
+  // machine can hold. Which two are served follows from the order the work is
+  // taken in; what must not happen is a third process on a host that cannot
+  // hold it, or two processes writing one number.
+  const { made, watches } = orchestrator({ maxRuns: 2 });
+  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
+  watches("two", { atSeconds: 2000 });
+  watches("three", { atSeconds: 3600 });
+  made.reconcile();
+  for (const run of made.runsOn(PICTURE)) {
+    measureSpeed(run, 1, clock);
+  }
+  made.reconcile();
+
+  assert.ok(made.runsOn(PICTURE).length <= 2, "never more than the machine affords");
+  assert.ok(made.runsOn(PICTURE).length >= 1, "and never nothing while people wait");
+  assertNoOverlap(made);
+});
+
+test("three viewers: one seeks onto another, and the two of them share", () => {
+  const { made, watches } = orchestrator({ maxRuns: 3 });
+  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
+  made.reconcile();
+  measureSpeed(made.runsOn(PICTURE)[0], 6, clock);
+  made.noteProduced(PICTURE, 100);
+  watches("two", { atSeconds: 2000 });
+  watches("three", { atSeconds: 3600 });
+  made.reconcile();
+  for (const run of made.runsOn(PICTURE)) {
+    measureSpeed(run, 6, clock);
+  }
+  made.reconcile();
+  assert.equal(made.runsOn(PICTURE).length, 3);
+
+  // The third joins the second. Two peaks where there were three.
+  watches("three", { atSeconds: 2008 });
+  made.reconcile();
+
+  assert.ok(made.runsOn(PICTURE).length <= 3, "no process is added by people converging");
+  assertNoOverlap(made);
+});
+
+test("three viewers: all paused, and no encoder is added for any of them", () => {
+  const { made, watches } = orchestrator({ maxRuns: 3 });
+  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
+  made.reconcile();
+  measureSpeed(made.runsOn(PICTURE)[0], 1, clock);
+  const before = made.runsOn(PICTURE).length;
+
+  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400, playing: false });
+  watches("two", { atSeconds: 2000, playing: false });
+  watches("three", { atSeconds: 3600, playing: false });
+  made.reconcile();
+
+  // Nobody is coming anywhere, so nothing can be late — and the machine does not
+  // therefore fall idle: what it has spare goes on finishing the file, which is
+  // what makes a seek back into a made part start playing at once.
+  assert.ok(made.runsOn(PICTURE).length >= before, "the file goes on being finished");
+  assertNoOverlap(made);
+});
+
+test("the plan is a function of the state: the same state twice gives the same answer", () => {
+  // What stops a moving map from becoming a thrash: the decision is arithmetic
+  // over the state, so a pass that finds nothing changed changes nothing.
+  const { made, watches } = orchestrator({ maxRuns: 3 });
+  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
+  watches("two", { atSeconds: 2000 });
+  made.reconcile();
+  for (const run of made.runsOn(PICTURE)) {
+    measureSpeed(run, 1, clock);
+  }
+  made.reconcile();
+  const first = placements(made);
+  made.reconcile();
+  made.reconcile();
+  assert.deepEqual(placements(made), first, "three more passes moved nothing");
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------- the edge
+
+test("exactly realtime arrives exactly on time, and no second encoder is bought", () => {
+  // The knife edge, and it lands on "in time" by construction: the deadline of
+  // a number is the distance to it, and an encoder at 1.0x covers that distance
+  // in exactly that time. So the arithmetic says nothing is late and nothing is
+  // bought. Worth pinning, because the formula this model replaced said
+  // something quite different — `speed / (1 - speed)` divides by zero here and
+  // claims the encoder stays ahead FOR EVER, which is the same answer arrived
+  // at by nonsense.
+  const { made, watches } = orchestrator({ maxRuns: 3 });
+  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
+  made.reconcile();
+  measureSpeed(made.runsOn(PICTURE)[0], 1, clock);
+  made.noteProduced(PICTURE, 100);
+  made.reconcile();
+
+  assert.equal(onTheStretchOf(made, 150), 1,
+    "just in time everywhere, so one encoder on the viewer's stretch is enough");
+  assertNoOverlap(made);
+});
+
+test("below realtime, whether a second encoder helps is arithmetic, and here it does not", () => {
+  // The side of the edge that matters, and the answer is not the one this check
+  // asserted when it was written. An encoder at half realtime loses ground on
+  // the viewer every second, so everything ahead of it is late — and a second
+  // process does not fix that, because on this host each of two runs at 1.70x
+  // slower than one. The near film gets worse by more than the far film gets
+  // better, so the total seconds of waiting go UP, and the score refuses.
+  //
+  // What this case actually needs is the answer the user gave for it: a machine
+  // that cannot serve its viewers without stopping the picture says so, and the
+  // viewer is moved to another proxy. That is not built. Adding processes is not
+  // a substitute for it and the model correctly declines to pretend otherwise.
+  const { made, watches, leaves } = orchestrator({ maxRuns: 3 });
+  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
+  made.reconcile();
+  measureSpeed(made.runsOn(PICTURE)[0], 0.5, clock);
+  made.noteProduced(PICTURE, 100);
+  made.reconcile();
+
+  assert.equal(made.runsOn(PICTURE).length, 1,
+    "one encoder, because two of them would leave the viewer waiting longer");
+  assert.equal(made.coverageOf(PICTURE).stateOf(101), "making",
+    "and it is on the film in front of them");
+  assertNoOverlap(made);
+  void leaves;
+});
+
+test("two viewers arriving together on a cold output get one encoder, then are measured", () => {
+  // Nothing has measured how fast this machine encodes, so how long one encoder
+  // would take to reach the second viewer is not a known quantity. Buying a
+  // process on that is buying it on no evidence, which is refused; one is placed
+  // and the speed it reports is what justifies the next.
+  const { made, watches } = orchestrator({ maxRuns: 3 });
+  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
+  watches("two", { atSeconds: 3000 });
+  made.reconcile();
+  assert.ok(made.runsOn(PICTURE).length >= 1, "at least one, until something is measured");
+  assert.equal(onTheStretchOf(made, 100), 1, "and not two on the same place");
+
+  measureSpeed(made.runsOn(PICTURE)[0], 6, clock);
+  made.noteProduced(PICTURE, 100);
+  made.reconcile();
+  assert.ok(placements(made).includes(750), "and now the far one is served too");
+  assertNoOverlap(made);
+});
+
+test("an encoder comfortably faster than realtime is left to do the whole stretch", () => {
+  const { made, watches } = orchestrator({ maxRuns: 3 });
+  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
+  made.reconcile();
+  measureSpeed(made.runsOn(PICTURE)[0], 6, clock);
+  made.noteProduced(PICTURE, 100);
+  made.reconcile();
+
+  assert.equal(onTheStretchOf(made, 150), 1, "one encoder on the stretch they are watching");
+  assertNoOverlap(made);
+});
+
+test("a swarm that feeds one encoder moves it to whoever is late, rather than serving nobody", () => {
+  // The budget binds. The one encoder there is stands where nothing is due —
+  // the viewer left — so it is moved to the soonest number that IS due. Without
+  // this the viewer who seeked was served by nobody at all: the run kept its
+  // road because nothing covered what lay in front of IT.
+  const { made, watches } = orchestrator({ maxRuns: 3 });
+  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
+  made.reconcile();
+  const [run] = made.runsOn(PICTURE);
+  // 6x against a swarm charging 0.25 s per second of film: one encoder already
+  // takes one and a half of what is delivered, so the budget is one.
+  measureSpeed(run, 6, clock);
+  made.refetchSecPerFilmSecond = () => 0.25;
+  made.noteProduced(PICTURE, 100);
+
+  watches("one", { atSeconds: 3000 });
+  made.reconcile();
+
+  assert.equal(made.runsOn(PICTURE).length, 1, "still one, because that is what the swarm feeds");
+  assert.deepEqual(placements(made), [750], "and it is where the viewer now stands");
+  assertNoOverlap(made);
+});
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------- seeking BACKWARD
+
+test("one viewer seeking back into film that exists is served from it, with no encoder", () => {
+  // The case the whole layer was built for. Everything behind them has been
+  // made, so nothing is late anywhere they are going, and the score says the
+  // cheapest arrangement is the one that changes nothing. A restart here is the
+  // 647-second stall of 2026-09-06 in miniature.
+  const { made, watches } = orchestrator();
+  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
+  made.reconcile();
+  measureSpeed(made.runsOn(PICTURE)[0], 6, clock);
+  for (let index = 100; index <= 160; index += 1) {
+    made.noteProduced(PICTURE, index);
+  }
+  const before = made.runsOn(PICTURE);
+
+  watches("one", { atSeconds: 440 });
+  made.reconcile();
+
+  // Not "the count is unchanged": with nothing late anywhere, the machine is
+  // free to spend what it has spare on finishing the file, and that is what the
+  // user asked for. What must not happen is a process put on film that already
+  // exists, or the run they were behind restarted — which is the 647-second
+  // stall of 2026-09-06 in miniature.
+  for (const was of before) {
+    assert.ok(made.runsOn(PICTURE).includes(was),
+      "the encoder they were behind is not restarted");
+  }
+  for (const run_ of made.runsOn(PICTURE)) {
+    // Where it is WORKING, not where it was created: the surviving run was
+    // started at #100 and has since produced up to #161.
+    assert.equal(made.coverageOf(PICTURE).isReady(run_.head), false,
+      `no process is bought for film that exists (#${run_.head})`);
+  }
+  assertNoOverlap(made);
+});
+
+test("one viewer seeking back into film nobody has gets an encoder there", () => {
+  // Behind them is not the same as made. Where the film was never encoded, going
+  // back is exactly as bare as going forward, and the arithmetic is the same one.
+  const { made, watches } = orchestrator();
+  watches("one", { atSeconds: 3000 });
+  made.reconcile();
+  measureSpeed(made.runsOn(PICTURE)[0], 6, clock);
+  made.noteProduced(PICTURE, 750);
+
+  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
+  made.reconcile();
+
+  const coverage = made.coverageOf(PICTURE);
+  assert.equal(coverage.stateOf(100), "making", "somebody is making where they landed");
+  assertNoOverlap(made);
+});
+
+test("two viewers: one seeks back onto film the other already had made", () => {
+  const { made, watches } = orchestrator({ maxRuns: 3 });
+  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
+  made.reconcile();
+  measureSpeed(made.runsOn(PICTURE)[0], 6, clock);
+  for (let index = 100; index <= 200; index += 1) {
+    made.noteProduced(PICTURE, index);
+  }
+  watches("two", { atSeconds: 3000 });
+  made.reconcile();
+  for (const run of made.runsOn(PICTURE)) {
+    measureSpeed(run, 6, clock);
+  }
+  const before = made.runsOn(PICTURE).length;
+
+  // The far one comes back to where the first one has already been.
+  watches("two", { atSeconds: 500 });
+  made.reconcile();
+
+  assert.ok(made.runsOn(PICTURE).length <= before,
+    "coming back onto made film buys nobody an encoder");
+  assertNoOverlap(made);
+});
+
+test("three viewers: one forward, one back, one paused", () => {
+  // All three motions at once, which is the state a real proxy is in most of the
+  // time. What must hold is what always must: never two encoders on one number,
+  // never more than the machine affords, and somebody making what the moving
+  // viewers are about to need.
+  const { made, watches } = orchestrator({ maxRuns: 3 });
+  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
+  watches("two", { atSeconds: 2000 });
+  watches("three", { atSeconds: 3600 });
+  made.reconcile();
+  for (const run of made.runsOn(PICTURE)) {
+    measureSpeed(run, 6, clock);
+  }
+  made.reconcile();
+
+  watches("one", { atSeconds: 800 });
+  watches("two", { atSeconds: 1200 });
+  watches("three", { atSeconds: 3600, playing: false });
+  made.reconcile();
+
+  assert.ok(made.runsOn(PICTURE).length <= 3, "never more than the machine holds");
+  assertNoOverlap(made);
+  const coverage = made.coverageOf(PICTURE);
+  assert.equal(coverage.stateOf(200), "making", "the one who went forward is served");
+  assert.equal(coverage.stateOf(300), "making", "and so is the one who came back");
+});
+
+test("a viewer scrubbing back and forth does not accumulate encoders", () => {
+  // A person dragging the time bar states a new position every few hundred
+  // milliseconds, and each of those is a state the plan answers. What must hold
+  // is that the answers do not pile up: an encoder bought for a place the viewer
+  // passed through is not still running when they have gone back.
+  //
+  // Not that the arrangement is identical to the one before the scrub — the
+  // model does not promise that and nothing here should claim it. What it
+  // promises is that no arrangement costs more than it is worth.
+  const { made, watches } = orchestrator({ maxRuns: 3 });
+  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
+  made.reconcile();
+  measureSpeed(made.runsOn(PICTURE)[0], 6, clock);
+  made.noteProduced(PICTURE, 100);
+  made.reconcile();
+  const settled = placements(made);
+
+  watches("one", { atSeconds: 2000 });
+  made.reconcile();
+  for (const run of made.runsOn(PICTURE)) {
+    measureSpeed(run, 6, clock);
+  }
+  watches("one", { atSeconds: 404 });
+  made.reconcile();
+  watches("one", { atSeconds: 400 });
+  made.reconcile();
+  made.reconcile();
+
+  // Not "no more encoders" — the machine is allowed to spend what it has spare on
+  // finishing the file, and after a scrub there is more of the file it has seen.
+  // What must not happen is two of them on one stretch, or more than the machine
+  // holds, or the viewer left unserved.
+  assert.ok(made.runsOn(PICTURE).length <= 3, "never more than the machine holds");
+  assert.equal(onTheStretchOf(made, 105), 1, "one encoder on the film in front of them");
+  assert.equal(made.coverageOf(PICTURE).stateOf(105), "making", "and the viewer is served");
+  assertNoOverlap(made);
+  void settled;
+});