@torrent-tv/proxy 2.89.5 → 2.89.7

package/services/encode/segment-formats/index.js

@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ import { mpegtsFormat } from "./mpegts.js";
  * data; whether a browser joins a gap is decided by the viewer component.
  *
  * @typedef {{ tracks: Array<{ id: number, kind?: string, timescale: bigint,
+ *   firstSampleStart?: bigint, positionErrorTicks?: bigint,
  *   ranges: Array<{ start: bigint, end: bigint, frame: bigint }> }> }} MediaCoverage
  */
 

package/services/encode/segment-formats/init-compat.js

@@ -1,324 +1,324 @@
-/**
- * @file Whether two init segments can serve one another's pieces.
- *
- * A player fetches `#EXT-X-MAP` once and decodes every fragment of that address
- * against it. So a piece made under one header and served under another is only
- * safe when the two headers say the same thing to a decoder — and "the same
- * thing" has to be decided BEFORE any experiment, or the rule becomes a list of
- * whatever differences happened to turn up while it was being written.
- *
- * THE RULE, conservative by construction:
- *
- * 1. the WHOLE header is compared, box by box, leaf by leaf, byte for byte;
- * 2. every difference is reported by the path it sits at;
- * 3. a difference makes the two headers INCOMPATIBLE unless it is covered by an
- *    explicitly listed exception;
- * 4. **each exception carries the reason it is one.** A field nobody can name
- *    is not an exception — an unreadable or unexpected difference refuses.
- *
- * What this gives up deliberately: it will refuse pairs that would in fact have
- * played. That is the direction to be wrong in — the other direction is a
- * viewer whose picture turns to blocks, which this project has already paid for
- * once (`research/budget-downshift-breaks-the-picture-2026-08-21.md`).
- *
- * Only a format that HAS an init is described here. MPEG-TS carries its
- * parameter sets in the stream and has no header to compare, so two of its
- * outputs are never joined by this question at all.
- */
-
-import { walkBoxes } from "./mp4-boxes.js";
-
-/** Boxes whose payload is a list of child boxes, mirroring `walkBoxes`. */
-const CONTAINER_BOXES = new Set(["moov", "trak", "mdia", "minf", "stbl", "edts", "mvex"]);
-
-/**
- * Sample entries, and how many bytes of fixed preamble stand before their child
- * boxes.
- *
- * A sample entry is not a plain container: it opens with fields at fixed
- * offsets and only then carries boxes. The two shapes are the ones ISO/IEC
- * 14496-12 defines — `SampleEntry` is 8 bytes (six reserved plus a data
- * reference index), `VisualSampleEntry` adds 70 more and `AudioSampleEntry`
- * adds 20.
- *
- * WHY THIS MATTERS ENOUGH TO PARSE: without descending here, a difference
- * anywhere inside a sample entry is reported as one difference of the whole
- * `stsd`. Allowing it would allow `avcC` — the parameter sets — with it, which
- * is the one thing this rule exists to refuse. The preamble is a stated
- * constant and a wrong one would mis-read every child, so the descent is
- * CHECKED rather than trusted: see `tilesExactly`.
- *
- * @type {ReadonlyMap<string, number>}
- */
-const SAMPLE_ENTRY_PREAMBLE = new Map([
-  ["avc1", 78], ["avc3", 78], ["hvc1", 78], ["hev1", 78], ["av01", 78], ["vp09", 78],
-  ["mp4a", 28], ["ac-3", 28], ["ec-3", 28], ["opus", 28], ["fLaC", 28]
-]);
-
-/** `stsd` is a FullBox: version and flags, then an entry count, then entries. */
-const SAMPLE_DESCRIPTION_PREAMBLE = 8;
-
-/**
- * The differences that do NOT refuse, each with the reason it does not.
- *
- * An entry is either an exact `path`, or a `sampleEntryBox` — a box type
- * appearing directly inside a sample entry, whichever track and whichever
- * entry. The second form exists because the reason is a property of the BOX
- * and not of where it sits: a file with the picture on the second track states
- * the same thing about it.
- *
- * @type {ReadonlyArray<{ path?: string, sampleEntryBox?: string, why: string }>}
- */
-export const INIT_DIFFERENCE_EXCEPTIONS = [
-  {
-    sampleEntryBox: "btrt",
-    why:
-      "BitRateBox declares a decoding buffer size and a maximum and average rate. " +
-      "Four readings, none of them from this experiment's own output: the W3C " +
-      "Media Source Extensions byte stream format for ISOBMFF, which is what " +
-      "governs a browser's handling of an initialization segment, does not " +
-      "mention the box at all and requires only `ftyp` and `moov`; hls.js — the " +
-      "player this product ships — never reads one, and writes a HARDCODED " +
-      "3 Mbit/s into every init it builds for every stream whatever its real " +
-      "rate (`MP4.types.btrt`, the avc1 and hvc1 sample entries); this proxy's " +
-      "own code neither reads nor writes it; and what actually configures a " +
-      "decoder, `avcC`, is compared separately by this same rule and a " +
-      "difference there still refuses."
-  }
-];
-
-/**
- * Where a box's child boxes begin, counted from the start of its payload, or
- * null when the box is a leaf.
- *
- * @param {string} type
- * @returns {number | null}
- */
-function childrenStartOf(type) {
-  if (CONTAINER_BOXES.has(type)) {
-    return 0;
-  }
-  if (type === "stsd") {
-    return SAMPLE_DESCRIPTION_PREAMBLE;
-  }
-  return SAMPLE_ENTRY_PREAMBLE.get(type) ?? null;
-}
-
-/**
- * Whether the range holds whole boxes and nothing else.
- *
- * The descent above rests on stated offsets, and a stated offset can be wrong —
- * for a sample entry shape this does not know, or a box carrying a 64-bit size.
- * Rather than mis-read the children, the walk asks first whether they tile the
- * range exactly. They do not, and the parent is compared whole, which is the
- * conservative answer.
- *
- * Size handling mirrors `walkBoxes`, so what this accepts is exactly what that
- * would then walk.
- *
- * @param {Buffer} buffer
- * @param {number} start
- * @param {number} end
- * @returns {boolean}
- */
-function tilesExactly(buffer, start, end) {
-  if (!(end > start)) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  let offset = start;
-  while (offset + 8 <= end) {
-    let size = buffer.readUInt32BE(offset);
-    let headerSize = 8;
-    if (size === 1) {
-      if (offset + 16 > end) {
-        return false;
-      }
-      size = Number(buffer.readBigUInt64BE(offset + 8));
-      headerSize = 16;
-    } else if (size === 0) {
-      size = end - offset;
-    }
-    if (size < headerSize || offset + size > end) {
-      return false;
-    }
-    offset += size;
-  }
-  return offset === end;
-}
-
-/**
- * Every leaf of the box tree, by the path it sits at.
- *
- * A path is `type` names joined by `/`, each carrying its index among its
- * siblings OF THE SAME TYPE — so two tracks are `moov/trak[0]` and
- * `moov/trak[1]` and a field of one is never compared against the other's.
- *
- * @param {Buffer} initSegment
- * @returns {Map<string, Buffer>} path → the leaf's payload bytes
- */
-export function initLeaves(initSegment) {
-  /** @type {Map<string, Buffer>} */
-  const leaves = new Map();
-  if (!Buffer.isBuffer(initSegment) || initSegment.length === 0) {
-    return leaves;
-  }
-  const walk = (start, end, prefix) => {
-    /** @type {Map<string, number>} */
-    const seen = new Map();
-    // `walkBoxes` recurses into containers itself, so this pass is given one
-    // level at a time and asks for the children of each container explicitly.
-    // That is what makes the path unambiguous: a bare walk would report a
-    // grandchild without saying whose it is.
-    walkBoxes(
-      initSegment,
-      (type, bodyStart, bodyEnd) => {
-        const index = seen.get(type) ?? 0;
-        seen.set(type, index + 1);
-        const path = `${prefix}${type}[${index}]`;
-        const childrenAt = childrenStartOf(type);
-        if (childrenAt !== null && tilesExactly(initSegment, bodyStart + childrenAt, bodyEnd)) {
-          walk(bodyStart + childrenAt, bodyEnd, `${path}/`);
-          return;
-        }
-        leaves.set(path, initSegment.subarray(bodyStart, bodyEnd));
-      },
-      start,
-      end,
-      // One level only: the recursion above is this function's own, and it is
-      // what makes a path say whose child a box is.
-      () => false
-    );
-    return leaves;
-  };
-  walk(0, initSegment.length, "");
-  return leaves;
-}
-
-/**
- * The box type a path's last step names, without its index.
- *
- * @param {string} path
- * @param {number} [fromEnd=0] - 0 is the leaf, 1 its parent.
- * @returns {string}
- */
-function stepOf(path, fromEnd = 0) {
-  const steps = path.split("/");
-  const step = steps[steps.length - 1 - fromEnd] ?? "";
-  return step.replace(/\[\d+\]$/, "");
-}
-
-/**
- * Whether an exception covers this path.
- *
- * @param {ReadonlyArray<{ path?: string, sampleEntryBox?: string }>} exceptions
- * @param {string} path
- * @returns {boolean}
- */
-function permits(exceptions, path) {
-  for (const exception of exceptions) {
-    if (exception.path !== undefined && exception.path === path) {
-      return true;
-    }
-    if (
-      exception.sampleEntryBox !== undefined &&
-      stepOf(path) === exception.sampleEntryBox &&
-      SAMPLE_ENTRY_PREAMBLE.has(stepOf(path, 1))
-    ) {
-      return true;
-    }
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
-/**
- * What a difference at this path amounts to, in words.
- *
- * Decoding is for READING the report, never for deciding it: the verdict is the
- * byte comparison, and a path this cannot decode is still a difference.
- *
- * @param {string} path
- * @param {Buffer | null} left
- * @param {Buffer | null} right
- * @returns {string}
- */
-function describeDifference(path, left, right) {
-  if (!left) return `${path}: absent from the first header`;
-  if (!right) return `${path}: absent from the second header`;
-  if (stepOf(path) === "btrt" && left.length >= 12 && right.length >= 12) {
-    const rates = (buffer) =>
-      `buffer ${buffer.readUInt32BE(0)}B, max ${buffer.readUInt32BE(4)}, avg ${buffer.readUInt32BE(8)} bit/s`;
-    return `${path}: ${rates(left)} against ${rates(right)}`;
-  }
-  if (path.includes("mdhd")) {
-    // FullBox: version+flags, then creation/modification, then timescale.
-    const at = left.readUInt8(0) === 1 ? 20 : 12;
-    if (left.length > at + 4 && right.length > at + 4) {
-      return `${path}: timescale ${left.readUInt32BE(at)} against ${right.readUInt32BE(at)}`;
-    }
-  }
-  if (stepOf(path) === "stsd") {
-    // Reached only where the entries did not tile, so the walk could not
-    // descend. The entry's own type is at a fixed place and is worth naming.
-    const entryType = (buffer) => (buffer.length >= 16 ? buffer.toString("latin1", 12, 16) : "?");
-    const left4 = entryType(left);
-    const right4 = entryType(right);
-    const kind = SAMPLE_ENTRY_PREAMBLE.has(left4) || SAMPLE_ENTRY_PREAMBLE.has(right4) ? "" : " (unrecognised)";
-    return `${path}: sample entry ${left4} against ${right4}${kind}, ${left.length} bytes against ${right.length}`;
-  }
-  if (left.length !== right.length) {
-    return `${path}: ${left.length} bytes against ${right.length}`;
-  }
-  let firstDifferent = 0;
-  while (firstDifferent < left.length && left[firstDifferent] === right[firstDifferent]) {
-    firstDifferent += 1;
-  }
-  return `${path}: differs from byte ${firstDifferent}`;
-}
-
-/**
- * Whether a piece made under `made` may be served under `served`.
- *
- * @param {Buffer} served - The header the player already holds.
- * @param {Buffer} made - The header the other output produces under.
- * @param {{ exceptions?: ReadonlyArray<{ path?: string, sampleEntryBox?: string }> }} [options]
- * @returns {{ compatible: boolean, differences: string[], refusedPaths: string[] }}
- */
-export function compareInits(served, made, { exceptions = INIT_DIFFERENCE_EXCEPTIONS } = {}) {
-  if (!Buffer.isBuffer(served) || !Buffer.isBuffer(made) || served.length === 0 || made.length === 0) {
-    return {
-      compatible: false,
-      differences: ["one of the two headers is missing"],
-      refusedPaths: ["<missing>"]
-    };
-  }
-  if (served.equals(made)) {
-    return { compatible: true, differences: [], refusedPaths: [] };
-  }
-  const left = initLeaves(served);
-  const right = initLeaves(made);
-  /** @type {string[]} */
-  const differences = [];
-  /** @type {string[]} */
-  const refusedPaths = [];
-  const paths = new Set([...left.keys(), ...right.keys()]);
-  for (const path of paths) {
-    const a = left.get(path) ?? null;
-    const b = right.get(path) ?? null;
-    if (a && b && a.equals(b)) {
-      continue;
-    }
-    differences.push(describeDifference(path, a, b));
-    if (!permits(exceptions, path)) {
-      refusedPaths.push(path);
-    }
-  }
-  if (differences.length === 0) {
-    // The bytes differ but every leaf agrees, so what moved is a box header —
-    // a size field, or a box present in one tree and absent from the other at a
-    // level this walk treats as a container. Not attributable, therefore not
-    // permitted.
-    differences.push("the headers differ outside any leaf this walk can name");
-    refusedPaths.push("<unattributed>");
-  }
-  return { compatible: refusedPaths.length === 0, differences, refusedPaths };
-}
+/**
+ * @file Whether two init segments can serve one another's pieces.
+ *
+ * A player fetches `#EXT-X-MAP` once and decodes every fragment of that address
+ * against it. So a piece made under one header and served under another is only
+ * safe when the two headers say the same thing to a decoder — and "the same
+ * thing" has to be decided BEFORE any experiment, or the rule becomes a list of
+ * whatever differences happened to turn up while it was being written.
+ *
+ * THE RULE, conservative by construction:
+ *
+ * 1. the WHOLE header is compared, box by box, leaf by leaf, byte for byte;
+ * 2. every difference is reported by the path it sits at;
+ * 3. a difference makes the two headers INCOMPATIBLE unless it is covered by an
+ *    explicitly listed exception;
+ * 4. **each exception carries the reason it is one.** A field nobody can name
+ *    is not an exception — an unreadable or unexpected difference refuses.
+ *
+ * What this gives up deliberately: it will refuse pairs that would in fact have
+ * played. That is the direction to be wrong in — the other direction is a
+ * viewer whose picture turns to blocks, which this project has already paid for
+ * once (`research/budget-downshift-breaks-the-picture-2026-08-21.md`).
+ *
+ * Only a format that HAS an init is described here. MPEG-TS carries its
+ * parameter sets in the stream and has no header to compare, so two of its
+ * outputs are never joined by this question at all.
+ */
+
+import { walkBoxes } from "./mp4-boxes.js";
+
+/** Boxes whose payload is a list of child boxes, mirroring `walkBoxes`. */
+const CONTAINER_BOXES = new Set(["moov", "trak", "mdia", "minf", "stbl", "edts", "mvex"]);
+
+/**
+ * Sample entries, and how many bytes of fixed preamble stand before their child
+ * boxes.
+ *
+ * A sample entry is not a plain container: it opens with fields at fixed
+ * offsets and only then carries boxes. The two shapes are the ones ISO/IEC
+ * 14496-12 defines — `SampleEntry` is 8 bytes (six reserved plus a data
+ * reference index), `VisualSampleEntry` adds 70 more and `AudioSampleEntry`
+ * adds 20.
+ *
+ * WHY THIS MATTERS ENOUGH TO PARSE: without descending here, a difference
+ * anywhere inside a sample entry is reported as one difference of the whole
+ * `stsd`. Allowing it would allow `avcC` — the parameter sets — with it, which
+ * is the one thing this rule exists to refuse. The preamble is a stated
+ * constant and a wrong one would mis-read every child, so the descent is
+ * CHECKED rather than trusted: see `tilesExactly`.
+ *
+ * @type {ReadonlyMap<string, number>}
+ */
+const SAMPLE_ENTRY_PREAMBLE = new Map([
+  ["avc1", 78], ["avc3", 78], ["hvc1", 78], ["hev1", 78], ["av01", 78], ["vp09", 78],
+  ["mp4a", 28], ["ac-3", 28], ["ec-3", 28], ["opus", 28], ["fLaC", 28]
+]);
+
+/** `stsd` is a FullBox: version and flags, then an entry count, then entries. */
+const SAMPLE_DESCRIPTION_PREAMBLE = 8;
+
+/**
+ * The differences that do NOT refuse, each with the reason it does not.
+ *
+ * An entry is either an exact `path`, or a `sampleEntryBox` — a box type
+ * appearing directly inside a sample entry, whichever track and whichever
+ * entry. The second form exists because the reason is a property of the BOX
+ * and not of where it sits: a file with the picture on the second track states
+ * the same thing about it.
+ *
+ * @type {ReadonlyArray<{ path?: string, sampleEntryBox?: string, why: string }>}
+ */
+export const INIT_DIFFERENCE_EXCEPTIONS = [
+  {
+    sampleEntryBox: "btrt",
+    why:
+      "BitRateBox declares a decoding buffer size and a maximum and average rate. " +
+      "Four readings, none of them from this experiment's own output: the W3C " +
+      "Media Source Extensions byte stream format for ISOBMFF, which is what " +
+      "governs a browser's handling of an initialization segment, does not " +
+      "mention the box at all and requires only `ftyp` and `moov`; hls.js — the " +
+      "player this product ships — never reads one, and writes a HARDCODED " +
+      "3 Mbit/s into every init it builds for every stream whatever its real " +
+      "rate (`MP4.types.btrt`, the avc1 and hvc1 sample entries); this proxy's " +
+      "own code neither reads nor writes it; and what actually configures a " +
+      "decoder, `avcC`, is compared separately by this same rule and a " +
+      "difference there still refuses."
+  }
+];
+
+/**
+ * Where a box's child boxes begin, counted from the start of its payload, or
+ * null when the box is a leaf.
+ *
+ * @param {string} type
+ * @returns {number | null}
+ */
+function childrenStartOf(type) {
+  if (CONTAINER_BOXES.has(type)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if (type === "stsd") {
+    return SAMPLE_DESCRIPTION_PREAMBLE;
+  }
+  return SAMPLE_ENTRY_PREAMBLE.get(type) ?? null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Whether the range holds whole boxes and nothing else.
+ *
+ * The descent above rests on stated offsets, and a stated offset can be wrong —
+ * for a sample entry shape this does not know, or a box carrying a 64-bit size.
+ * Rather than mis-read the children, the walk asks first whether they tile the
+ * range exactly. They do not, and the parent is compared whole, which is the
+ * conservative answer.
+ *
+ * Size handling mirrors `walkBoxes`, so what this accepts is exactly what that
+ * would then walk.
+ *
+ * @param {Buffer} buffer
+ * @param {number} start
+ * @param {number} end
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+function tilesExactly(buffer, start, end) {
+  if (!(end > start)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  let offset = start;
+  while (offset + 8 <= end) {
+    let size = buffer.readUInt32BE(offset);
+    let headerSize = 8;
+    if (size === 1) {
+      if (offset + 16 > end) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      size = Number(buffer.readBigUInt64BE(offset + 8));
+      headerSize = 16;
+    } else if (size === 0) {
+      size = end - offset;
+    }
+    if (size < headerSize || offset + size > end) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    offset += size;
+  }
+  return offset === end;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Every leaf of the box tree, by the path it sits at.
+ *
+ * A path is `type` names joined by `/`, each carrying its index among its
+ * siblings OF THE SAME TYPE — so two tracks are `moov/trak[0]` and
+ * `moov/trak[1]` and a field of one is never compared against the other's.
+ *
+ * @param {Buffer} initSegment
+ * @returns {Map<string, Buffer>} path → the leaf's payload bytes
+ */
+export function initLeaves(initSegment) {
+  /** @type {Map<string, Buffer>} */
+  const leaves = new Map();
+  if (!Buffer.isBuffer(initSegment) || initSegment.length === 0) {
+    return leaves;
+  }
+  const walk = (start, end, prefix) => {
+    /** @type {Map<string, number>} */
+    const seen = new Map();
+    // `walkBoxes` recurses into containers itself, so this pass is given one
+    // level at a time and asks for the children of each container explicitly.
+    // That is what makes the path unambiguous: a bare walk would report a
+    // grandchild without saying whose it is.
+    walkBoxes(
+      initSegment,
+      (type, bodyStart, bodyEnd) => {
+        const index = seen.get(type) ?? 0;
+        seen.set(type, index + 1);
+        const path = `${prefix}${type}[${index}]`;
+        const childrenAt = childrenStartOf(type);
+        if (childrenAt !== null && tilesExactly(initSegment, bodyStart + childrenAt, bodyEnd)) {
+          walk(bodyStart + childrenAt, bodyEnd, `${path}/`);
+          return;
+        }
+        leaves.set(path, initSegment.subarray(bodyStart, bodyEnd));
+      },
+      start,
+      end,
+      // One level only: the recursion above is this function's own, and it is
+      // what makes a path say whose child a box is.
+      () => false
+    );
+    return leaves;
+  };
+  walk(0, initSegment.length, "");
+  return leaves;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The box type a path's last step names, without its index.
+ *
+ * @param {string} path
+ * @param {number} [fromEnd=0] - 0 is the leaf, 1 its parent.
+ * @returns {string}
+ */
+function stepOf(path, fromEnd = 0) {
+  const steps = path.split("/");
+  const step = steps[steps.length - 1 - fromEnd] ?? "";
+  return step.replace(/\[\d+\]$/, "");
+}
+
+/**
+ * Whether an exception covers this path.
+ *
+ * @param {ReadonlyArray<{ path?: string, sampleEntryBox?: string }>} exceptions
+ * @param {string} path
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+function permits(exceptions, path) {
+  for (const exception of exceptions) {
+    if (exception.path !== undefined && exception.path === path) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (
+      exception.sampleEntryBox !== undefined &&
+      stepOf(path) === exception.sampleEntryBox &&
+      SAMPLE_ENTRY_PREAMBLE.has(stepOf(path, 1))
+    ) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * What a difference at this path amounts to, in words.
+ *
+ * Decoding is for READING the report, never for deciding it: the verdict is the
+ * byte comparison, and a path this cannot decode is still a difference.
+ *
+ * @param {string} path
+ * @param {Buffer | null} left
+ * @param {Buffer | null} right
+ * @returns {string}
+ */
+function describeDifference(path, left, right) {
+  if (!left) return `${path}: absent from the first header`;
+  if (!right) return `${path}: absent from the second header`;
+  if (stepOf(path) === "btrt" && left.length >= 12 && right.length >= 12) {
+    const rates = (buffer) =>
+      `buffer ${buffer.readUInt32BE(0)}B, max ${buffer.readUInt32BE(4)}, avg ${buffer.readUInt32BE(8)} bit/s`;
+    return `${path}: ${rates(left)} against ${rates(right)}`;
+  }
+  if (path.includes("mdhd")) {
+    // FullBox: version+flags, then creation/modification, then timescale.
+    const at = left.readUInt8(0) === 1 ? 20 : 12;
+    if (left.length > at + 4 && right.length > at + 4) {
+      return `${path}: timescale ${left.readUInt32BE(at)} against ${right.readUInt32BE(at)}`;
+    }
+  }
+  if (stepOf(path) === "stsd") {
+    // Reached only where the entries did not tile, so the walk could not
+    // descend. The entry's own type is at a fixed place and is worth naming.
+    const entryType = (buffer) => (buffer.length >= 16 ? buffer.toString("latin1", 12, 16) : "?");
+    const left4 = entryType(left);
+    const right4 = entryType(right);
+    const kind = SAMPLE_ENTRY_PREAMBLE.has(left4) || SAMPLE_ENTRY_PREAMBLE.has(right4) ? "" : " (unrecognised)";
+    return `${path}: sample entry ${left4} against ${right4}${kind}, ${left.length} bytes against ${right.length}`;
+  }
+  if (left.length !== right.length) {
+    return `${path}: ${left.length} bytes against ${right.length}`;
+  }
+  let firstDifferent = 0;
+  while (firstDifferent < left.length && left[firstDifferent] === right[firstDifferent]) {
+    firstDifferent += 1;
+  }
+  return `${path}: differs from byte ${firstDifferent}`;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Whether a piece made under `made` may be served under `served`.
+ *
+ * @param {Buffer} served - The header the player already holds.
+ * @param {Buffer} made - The header the other output produces under.
+ * @param {{ exceptions?: ReadonlyArray<{ path?: string, sampleEntryBox?: string }> }} [options]
+ * @returns {{ compatible: boolean, differences: string[], refusedPaths: string[] }}
+ */
+export function compareInits(served, made, { exceptions = INIT_DIFFERENCE_EXCEPTIONS } = {}) {
+  if (!Buffer.isBuffer(served) || !Buffer.isBuffer(made) || served.length === 0 || made.length === 0) {
+    return {
+      compatible: false,
+      differences: ["one of the two headers is missing"],
+      refusedPaths: ["<missing>"]
+    };
+  }
+  if (served.equals(made)) {
+    return { compatible: true, differences: [], refusedPaths: [] };
+  }
+  const left = initLeaves(served);
+  const right = initLeaves(made);
+  /** @type {string[]} */
+  const differences = [];
+  /** @type {string[]} */
+  const refusedPaths = [];
+  const paths = new Set([...left.keys(), ...right.keys()]);
+  for (const path of paths) {
+    const a = left.get(path) ?? null;
+    const b = right.get(path) ?? null;
+    if (a && b && a.equals(b)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    differences.push(describeDifference(path, a, b));
+    if (!permits(exceptions, path)) {
+      refusedPaths.push(path);
+    }
+  }
+  if (differences.length === 0) {
+    // The bytes differ but every leaf agrees, so what moved is a box header —
+    // a size field, or a box present in one tree and absent from the other at a
+    // level this walk treats as a container. Not attributable, therefore not
+    // permitted.
+    differences.push("the headers differ outside any leaf this walk can name");
+    refusedPaths.push("<unattributed>");
+  }
+  return { compatible: refusedPaths.length === 0, differences, refusedPaths };
+}