@torrent-tv/proxy 2.89.5 → 2.89.7

package/services/viewer/media-time.js

@@ -1,355 +1,355 @@
-/**
- * @file Exact media time, and the rule by which a viewer's browser joins
- * buffered media.
- *
- * A time is `{ ticks, timescale }`: `ticks / timescale` seconds, both `BigInt`.
- * A file states its timestamps this way, and comparing two of them is integer
- * arithmetic. Converting them to seconds first replaces an exact comparison
- * with a rounded one — measured 2026-10-02 on a served film, seven joins whose
- * ticks were equal read as `88.67299999999999` against `88.673` and were taken
- * for holes.
- *
- * A value that arrives as a JavaScript number — a position or a buffered range
- * from the page, a cut time from the playlist — is a binary fraction, and it is
- * converted to the exact time it denotes ({@link fromSeconds}). No unit is
- * chosen and nothing is rounded. Seconds are produced again only for a
- * forecast, a page or a log ({@link toSeconds}).
- *
- * A range is `{ start, end, frame }`: the presentation interval `[start, end)`
- * and `frame`, the coded-frame duration a browser is known to allow this range
- * when it decides whether a neighbour joins it ({@link joins}). `frame` is zero
- * for a range whose frames are not known, such as one the page reports holding.
- */
-
-/** @typedef {{ ticks: bigint, timescale: bigint }} MediaTime */
-/** @typedef {{ start: MediaTime, end: MediaTime, frame: MediaTime }} MediaRange */
-
-/**
- * The gap WebKit closes between buffered ranges: `PlatformTimeRanges::
- * timeFudgeFactor()`, applied by `PlatformTimeRanges::add` with
- * `EliminateSmallGaps` to every sample a `TrackBuffer` adds.
- * https://github.com/WebKit/WebKit/blob/main/Source/WebCore/platform/graphics/PlatformTimeRanges.cpp
- *
- * @type {MediaTime}
- */
-const WEBKIT_TIME_FUDGE_FACTOR = Object.freeze({ ticks: 2002n, timescale: 24000n });
-
-/** @type {MediaTime} */
-export const ZERO = Object.freeze({ ticks: 0n, timescale: 1n });
-
-/**
- * How far a buffered range a page reports can lie from the exact time of the
- * frames behind it. Chromium converts three values to whole microseconds before
- * a buffered range exists — a sample's presentation time and its duration in
- * `TimeDeltaFromRational` (media/formats/mp4/track_run_iterator.cc, rounding
- * toward zero), and the page's `timestampOffset` — so each edge is off by less
- * than one microsecond per conversion. Gecko and WebKit keep exact rationals
- * until the value becomes a JavaScript number, which is far finer.
- *
- * @type {MediaTime}
- */
-export const REPORTED_TIME_ERROR = Object.freeze({ ticks: 3n, timescale: 1_000_000n });
-
-/**
- * @param {bigint} ticks
- * @param {bigint} timescale
- * @returns {MediaTime}
- */
-export function mediaTime(ticks, timescale) {
-  if (!(timescale > 0n)) {
-    throw new Error(`A timescale must be positive, not ${timescale}.`);
-  }
-  return { ticks, timescale };
-}
-
-/**
- * The exact time a finite number of seconds denotes. An IEEE 754 double is
- * `mantissa * 2^exponent`, so it is a fraction whose denominator is a power of
- * two; this returns that fraction.
- *
- * @param {number} seconds
- * @returns {MediaTime}
- */
-export function fromSeconds(seconds) {
-  if (!Number.isFinite(seconds)) {
-    throw new Error(`Seconds must be finite, not ${seconds}.`);
-  }
-  if (seconds === 0) {
-    return ZERO;
-  }
-  const view = new DataView(new ArrayBuffer(8));
-  view.setFloat64(0, seconds);
-  const bits = view.getBigUint64(0);
-  const sign = bits >> 63n === 1n ? -1n : 1n;
-  const biasedExponent = (bits >> 52n) & 0x7ffn;
-  let mantissa = bits & 0xfffffffffffffn;
-  let exponent;
-  if (biasedExponent === 0n) {
-    exponent = -1074n;
-  } else {
-    mantissa |= 0x10000000000000n;
-    exponent = biasedExponent - 1075n;
-  }
-  while (exponent < 0n && mantissa % 2n === 0n) {
-    mantissa /= 2n;
-    exponent += 1n;
-  }
-  return exponent >= 0n
-    ? { ticks: sign * mantissa * (1n << exponent), timescale: 1n }
-    : { ticks: sign * mantissa, timescale: 1n << -exponent };
-}
-
-/**
- * Seconds, for a forecast, a page or a log.
- *
- * @param {MediaTime} time
- * @returns {number}
- */
-export function toSeconds(time) {
-  return Number(time.ticks) / Number(time.timescale);
-}
-
-function gcd(left, right) {
-  let a = left < 0n ? -left : left;
-  let b = right;
-  while (b !== 0n) {
-    [a, b] = [b, a % b];
-  }
-  return a;
-}
-
-/**
- * @param {MediaTime} left
- * @param {MediaTime} right
- * @returns {-1 | 0 | 1}
- */
-export function compare(left, right) {
-  if (left.timescale === right.timescale) {
-    return left.ticks < right.ticks ? -1 : left.ticks > right.ticks ? 1 : 0;
-  }
-  const a = left.ticks * right.timescale;
-  const b = right.ticks * left.timescale;
-  return a < b ? -1 : a > b ? 1 : 0;
-}
-
-/**
- * @param {MediaTime} left
- * @param {MediaTime} right
- * @returns {MediaTime}
- */
-export function add(left, right) {
-  if (left.timescale === right.timescale) {
-    return { ticks: left.ticks + right.ticks, timescale: left.timescale };
-  }
-  const common = left.timescale / gcd(left.timescale, right.timescale) * right.timescale;
-  return {
-    ticks: left.ticks * (common / left.timescale) + right.ticks * (common / right.timescale),
-    timescale: common
-  };
-}
-
-/**
- * @param {MediaTime} left
- * @param {MediaTime} right
- * @returns {MediaTime}
- */
-export function subtract(left, right) {
-  return add(left, { ticks: -right.ticks, timescale: right.timescale });
-}
-
-/**
- * @param {MediaTime} time
- * @param {bigint} factor
- * @returns {MediaTime}
- */
-export function multiply(time, factor) {
-  return { ticks: time.ticks * factor, timescale: time.timescale };
-}
-
-/**
- * `time * numerator / denominator`, exactly.
- *
- * @param {MediaTime} time
- * @param {MediaTime} numerator
- * @param {MediaTime} denominator - Not zero.
- * @returns {MediaTime}
- */
-export function scale(time, numerator, denominator) {
-  const ticks = time.ticks * numerator.ticks * denominator.timescale;
-  const timescale = time.timescale * numerator.timescale * denominator.ticks;
-  return timescale < 0n ? { ticks: -ticks, timescale: -timescale } : { ticks, timescale };
-}
-
-/**
- * The least timescale in which every one of `times` is a whole number of ticks.
- * Times expressed in it add and compare without a common denominator being
- * sought each time.
- *
- * @param {Iterable<MediaTime>} times
- * @returns {bigint}
- */
-export function commonTimescale(times) {
-  const distinct = new Set();
-  for (const time of times) {
-    distinct.add(time.timescale);
-  }
-  let common = 1n;
-  for (const timescale of distinct) {
-    common = common / gcd(common, timescale) * timescale;
-  }
-  return common;
-}
-
-/**
- * The same time in `timescale`, which must hold it as a whole number of ticks
- * ({@link commonTimescale}).
- *
- * @param {MediaTime} time
- * @param {bigint} timescale
- * @returns {MediaTime}
- */
-export function rescale(time, timescale) {
-  if (time.timescale === timescale) {
-    return time;
-  }
-  if (timescale % time.timescale !== 0n) {
-    throw new Error(`${timescale} ticks a second cannot hold a time counted in ${time.timescale}.`);
-  }
-  return { ticks: time.ticks * (timescale / time.timescale), timescale };
-}
-
-/**
- * The tick of `timescale` nearest to `time`, halves rounded up. For a forecast
- * only: a measured time is never rounded.
- *
- * @param {MediaTime} time
- * @param {bigint} timescale
- * @returns {MediaTime}
- */
-export function nearest(time, timescale) {
-  const numerator = time.ticks * timescale;
-  const quotient = numerator / time.timescale;
-  const remainder = numerator - quotient * time.timescale;
-  const floor = remainder < 0n ? quotient - 1n : quotient;
-  const rest = numerator - floor * time.timescale;
-  return { ticks: 2n * rest >= time.timescale ? floor + 1n : floor, timescale };
-}
-
-/** @param {...MediaTime} times */
-export function earliest(...times) {
-  return times.reduce((low, time) => (compare(time, low) < 0 ? time : low));
-}
-
-/** @param {...MediaTime} times */
-export function latest(...times) {
-  return times.reduce((high, time) => (compare(time, high) > 0 ? time : high));
-}
-
-/**
- * Whether a gap between two buffered presentation ranges is closed by EVERY
- * Media Source Extensions implementation this player runs on.
- *
- * The specification leaves it open: "The threshold for determining
- * disjointness of track buffer ranges is implementation-specific"
- * (https://w3c.github.io/media-source/#track-buffer-ranges). So the condition
- * is the conjunction of what the three engines do, each read from its source:
- *
- * 1. Gecko — `TrackBuffersManager::InsertFrames` gives each inserted interval a
- *    fuzz of half `mLongestFrameDuration`, the longest frame since the last
- *    keyframe, and `IntervalSet::Add` joins intervals whose distance is at most
- *    the sum of their fuzzes (`Interval::Touches`); a merged interval keeps the
- *    larger fuzz (`Interval::Span`). Hence `2 * gap <= leftFrame + rightFrame`.
- * 2. WebKit — a fixed {@link WEBKIT_TIME_FUDGE_FACTOR}.
- * 3. Chromium — `SourceBufferRange::IsNextInPresentationSequence` accepts a
- *    frame starting within twice `max_interbuffer_distance_` of the highest
- *    frame start; that distance is the largest frame duration or decode
- *    distance appended so far, updated before ranges merge
- *    (`SourceBufferStream::Append`). The frame whose end is the left range's
- *    end starts no earlier than the highest start, so the distance to check is
- *    at most the gap plus that frame's duration. Condition 1 bounds the gap by
- *    the larger of the two frames, so both terms are within that distance and
- *    nothing further is required.
- *
- * Old iOS without Media Source plays HLS in its own closed player. Nothing can
- * be derived for it, and this rule is not a statement about it.
- *
- * @param {MediaTime} gap - Right start minus left end.
- * @param {MediaTime} leftFrame
- * @param {MediaTime} rightFrame
- * @returns {boolean}
- */
-export function joins(gap, leftFrame, rightFrame) {
-  if (gap.ticks <= 0n) {
-    return true;
-  }
-  return compare(multiply(gap, 2n), add(leftFrame, rightFrame)) <= 0 &&
-    compare(gap, WEBKIT_TIME_FUDGE_FACTOR) <= 0;
-}
-
-/**
- * Insert a range into a sorted list of disjoint ranges, joining every
- * neighbour {@link joins} admits. Mutates `ranges`.
- *
- * @param {MediaRange[]} ranges
- * @param {{ start: MediaTime, end: MediaTime, frame?: MediaTime }} range
- * @returns {void}
- */
-export function addRange(ranges, range) {
-  let next = { start: range.start, end: range.end, frame: range.frame ?? ZERO };
-  if (compare(next.end, next.start) <= 0) {
-    return;
-  }
-  const merged = [];
-  let inserted = false;
-  for (const held of ranges) {
-    if (inserted) {
-      merged.push(held);
-    } else if (compare(held.end, next.start) < 0 && !joins(subtract(next.start, held.end), held.frame, next.frame)) {
-      merged.push(held);
-    } else if (compare(next.end, held.start) < 0 && !joins(subtract(held.start, next.end), next.frame, held.frame)) {
-      merged.push(next, held);
-      inserted = true;
-    } else {
-      next = {
-        start: earliest(held.start, next.start),
-        end: latest(held.end, next.end),
-        frame: latest(held.frame, next.frame)
-      };
-    }
-  }
-  if (!inserted) {
-    merged.push(next);
-  }
-  ranges.splice(0, ranges.length, ...merged);
-}
-
-/**
- * The end of the range that holds `time`, or `time` itself when none does.
- *
- * @param {MediaRange[]} ranges - Sorted and disjoint.
- * @param {MediaTime} time
- * @returns {MediaTime}
- */
-export function contiguousEnd(ranges, time) {
-  for (const range of ranges) {
-    if (compare(range.start, time) <= 0 && compare(time, range.end) <= 0) {
-      return range.end;
-    }
-    if (compare(range.start, time) > 0) {
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  return time;
-}
-
-/**
- * Whether `[start, end)` lies inside one range.
- *
- * @param {MediaRange[]} ranges
- * @param {MediaTime} start
- * @param {MediaTime} end
- * @returns {boolean}
- */
-export function contains(ranges, start, end) {
-  return ranges.some((range) => compare(range.start, start) <= 0 && compare(end, range.end) <= 0);
-}
+/**
+ * @file Exact media time, and the rule by which a viewer's browser joins
+ * buffered media.
+ *
+ * A time is `{ ticks, timescale }`: `ticks / timescale` seconds, both `BigInt`.
+ * A file states its timestamps this way, and comparing two of them is integer
+ * arithmetic. Converting them to seconds first replaces an exact comparison
+ * with a rounded one — measured 2026-10-02 on a served film, seven joins whose
+ * ticks were equal read as `88.67299999999999` against `88.673` and were taken
+ * for holes.
+ *
+ * A value that arrives as a JavaScript number — a position or a buffered range
+ * from the page, a cut time from the playlist — is a binary fraction, and it is
+ * converted to the exact time it denotes ({@link fromSeconds}). No unit is
+ * chosen and nothing is rounded. Seconds are produced again only for a
+ * forecast, a page or a log ({@link toSeconds}).
+ *
+ * A range is `{ start, end, frame }`: the presentation interval `[start, end)`
+ * and `frame`, the coded-frame duration a browser is known to allow this range
+ * when it decides whether a neighbour joins it ({@link joins}). `frame` is zero
+ * for a range whose frames are not known, such as one the page reports holding.
+ */
+
+/** @typedef {{ ticks: bigint, timescale: bigint }} MediaTime */
+/** @typedef {{ start: MediaTime, end: MediaTime, frame: MediaTime }} MediaRange */
+
+/**
+ * The gap WebKit closes between buffered ranges: `PlatformTimeRanges::
+ * timeFudgeFactor()`, applied by `PlatformTimeRanges::add` with
+ * `EliminateSmallGaps` to every sample a `TrackBuffer` adds.
+ * https://github.com/WebKit/WebKit/blob/main/Source/WebCore/platform/graphics/PlatformTimeRanges.cpp
+ *
+ * @type {MediaTime}
+ */
+const WEBKIT_TIME_FUDGE_FACTOR = Object.freeze({ ticks: 2002n, timescale: 24000n });
+
+/** @type {MediaTime} */
+export const ZERO = Object.freeze({ ticks: 0n, timescale: 1n });
+
+/**
+ * How far a buffered range a page reports can lie from the exact time of the
+ * frames behind it. Chromium converts three values to whole microseconds before
+ * a buffered range exists — a sample's presentation time and its duration in
+ * `TimeDeltaFromRational` (media/formats/mp4/track_run_iterator.cc, rounding
+ * toward zero), and the page's `timestampOffset` — so each edge is off by less
+ * than one microsecond per conversion. Gecko and WebKit keep exact rationals
+ * until the value becomes a JavaScript number, which is far finer.
+ *
+ * @type {MediaTime}
+ */
+export const REPORTED_TIME_ERROR = Object.freeze({ ticks: 3n, timescale: 1_000_000n });
+
+/**
+ * @param {bigint} ticks
+ * @param {bigint} timescale
+ * @returns {MediaTime}
+ */
+export function mediaTime(ticks, timescale) {
+  if (!(timescale > 0n)) {
+    throw new Error(`A timescale must be positive, not ${timescale}.`);
+  }
+  return { ticks, timescale };
+}
+
+/**
+ * The exact time a finite number of seconds denotes. An IEEE 754 double is
+ * `mantissa * 2^exponent`, so it is a fraction whose denominator is a power of
+ * two; this returns that fraction.
+ *
+ * @param {number} seconds
+ * @returns {MediaTime}
+ */
+export function fromSeconds(seconds) {
+  if (!Number.isFinite(seconds)) {
+    throw new Error(`Seconds must be finite, not ${seconds}.`);
+  }
+  if (seconds === 0) {
+    return ZERO;
+  }
+  const view = new DataView(new ArrayBuffer(8));
+  view.setFloat64(0, seconds);
+  const bits = view.getBigUint64(0);
+  const sign = bits >> 63n === 1n ? -1n : 1n;
+  const biasedExponent = (bits >> 52n) & 0x7ffn;
+  let mantissa = bits & 0xfffffffffffffn;
+  let exponent;
+  if (biasedExponent === 0n) {
+    exponent = -1074n;
+  } else {
+    mantissa |= 0x10000000000000n;
+    exponent = biasedExponent - 1075n;
+  }
+  while (exponent < 0n && mantissa % 2n === 0n) {
+    mantissa /= 2n;
+    exponent += 1n;
+  }
+  return exponent >= 0n
+    ? { ticks: sign * mantissa * (1n << exponent), timescale: 1n }
+    : { ticks: sign * mantissa, timescale: 1n << -exponent };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Seconds, for a forecast, a page or a log.
+ *
+ * @param {MediaTime} time
+ * @returns {number}
+ */
+export function toSeconds(time) {
+  return Number(time.ticks) / Number(time.timescale);
+}
+
+function gcd(left, right) {
+  let a = left < 0n ? -left : left;
+  let b = right;
+  while (b !== 0n) {
+    [a, b] = [b, a % b];
+  }
+  return a;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {MediaTime} left
+ * @param {MediaTime} right
+ * @returns {-1 | 0 | 1}
+ */
+export function compare(left, right) {
+  if (left.timescale === right.timescale) {
+    return left.ticks < right.ticks ? -1 : left.ticks > right.ticks ? 1 : 0;
+  }
+  const a = left.ticks * right.timescale;
+  const b = right.ticks * left.timescale;
+  return a < b ? -1 : a > b ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {MediaTime} left
+ * @param {MediaTime} right
+ * @returns {MediaTime}
+ */
+export function add(left, right) {
+  if (left.timescale === right.timescale) {
+    return { ticks: left.ticks + right.ticks, timescale: left.timescale };
+  }
+  const common = left.timescale / gcd(left.timescale, right.timescale) * right.timescale;
+  return {
+    ticks: left.ticks * (common / left.timescale) + right.ticks * (common / right.timescale),
+    timescale: common
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {MediaTime} left
+ * @param {MediaTime} right
+ * @returns {MediaTime}
+ */
+export function subtract(left, right) {
+  return add(left, { ticks: -right.ticks, timescale: right.timescale });
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {MediaTime} time
+ * @param {bigint} factor
+ * @returns {MediaTime}
+ */
+export function multiply(time, factor) {
+  return { ticks: time.ticks * factor, timescale: time.timescale };
+}
+
+/**
+ * `time * numerator / denominator`, exactly.
+ *
+ * @param {MediaTime} time
+ * @param {MediaTime} numerator
+ * @param {MediaTime} denominator - Not zero.
+ * @returns {MediaTime}
+ */
+export function scale(time, numerator, denominator) {
+  const ticks = time.ticks * numerator.ticks * denominator.timescale;
+  const timescale = time.timescale * numerator.timescale * denominator.ticks;
+  return timescale < 0n ? { ticks: -ticks, timescale: -timescale } : { ticks, timescale };
+}
+
+/**
+ * The least timescale in which every one of `times` is a whole number of ticks.
+ * Times expressed in it add and compare without a common denominator being
+ * sought each time.
+ *
+ * @param {Iterable<MediaTime>} times
+ * @returns {bigint}
+ */
+export function commonTimescale(times) {
+  const distinct = new Set();
+  for (const time of times) {
+    distinct.add(time.timescale);
+  }
+  let common = 1n;
+  for (const timescale of distinct) {
+    common = common / gcd(common, timescale) * timescale;
+  }
+  return common;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The same time in `timescale`, which must hold it as a whole number of ticks
+ * ({@link commonTimescale}).
+ *
+ * @param {MediaTime} time
+ * @param {bigint} timescale
+ * @returns {MediaTime}
+ */
+export function rescale(time, timescale) {
+  if (time.timescale === timescale) {
+    return time;
+  }
+  if (timescale % time.timescale !== 0n) {
+    throw new Error(`${timescale} ticks a second cannot hold a time counted in ${time.timescale}.`);
+  }
+  return { ticks: time.ticks * (timescale / time.timescale), timescale };
+}
+
+/**
+ * The tick of `timescale` nearest to `time`, halves rounded up. For a forecast
+ * only: a measured time is never rounded.
+ *
+ * @param {MediaTime} time
+ * @param {bigint} timescale
+ * @returns {MediaTime}
+ */
+export function nearest(time, timescale) {
+  const numerator = time.ticks * timescale;
+  const quotient = numerator / time.timescale;
+  const remainder = numerator - quotient * time.timescale;
+  const floor = remainder < 0n ? quotient - 1n : quotient;
+  const rest = numerator - floor * time.timescale;
+  return { ticks: 2n * rest >= time.timescale ? floor + 1n : floor, timescale };
+}
+
+/** @param {...MediaTime} times */
+export function earliest(...times) {
+  return times.reduce((low, time) => (compare(time, low) < 0 ? time : low));
+}
+
+/** @param {...MediaTime} times */
+export function latest(...times) {
+  return times.reduce((high, time) => (compare(time, high) > 0 ? time : high));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Whether a gap between two buffered presentation ranges is closed by EVERY
+ * Media Source Extensions implementation this player runs on.
+ *
+ * The specification leaves it open: "The threshold for determining
+ * disjointness of track buffer ranges is implementation-specific"
+ * (https://w3c.github.io/media-source/#track-buffer-ranges). So the condition
+ * is the conjunction of what the three engines do, each read from its source:
+ *
+ * 1. Gecko — `TrackBuffersManager::InsertFrames` gives each inserted interval a
+ *    fuzz of half `mLongestFrameDuration`, the longest frame since the last
+ *    keyframe, and `IntervalSet::Add` joins intervals whose distance is at most
+ *    the sum of their fuzzes (`Interval::Touches`); a merged interval keeps the
+ *    larger fuzz (`Interval::Span`). Hence `2 * gap <= leftFrame + rightFrame`.
+ * 2. WebKit — a fixed {@link WEBKIT_TIME_FUDGE_FACTOR}.
+ * 3. Chromium — `SourceBufferRange::IsNextInPresentationSequence` accepts a
+ *    frame starting within twice `max_interbuffer_distance_` of the highest
+ *    frame start; that distance is the largest frame duration or decode
+ *    distance appended so far, updated before ranges merge
+ *    (`SourceBufferStream::Append`). The frame whose end is the left range's
+ *    end starts no earlier than the highest start, so the distance to check is
+ *    at most the gap plus that frame's duration. Condition 1 bounds the gap by
+ *    the larger of the two frames, so both terms are within that distance and
+ *    nothing further is required.
+ *
+ * Old iOS without Media Source plays HLS in its own closed player. Nothing can
+ * be derived for it, and this rule is not a statement about it.
+ *
+ * @param {MediaTime} gap - Right start minus left end.
+ * @param {MediaTime} leftFrame
+ * @param {MediaTime} rightFrame
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+export function joins(gap, leftFrame, rightFrame) {
+  if (gap.ticks <= 0n) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  return compare(multiply(gap, 2n), add(leftFrame, rightFrame)) <= 0 &&
+    compare(gap, WEBKIT_TIME_FUDGE_FACTOR) <= 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Insert a range into a sorted list of disjoint ranges, joining every
+ * neighbour {@link joins} admits. Mutates `ranges`.
+ *
+ * @param {MediaRange[]} ranges
+ * @param {{ start: MediaTime, end: MediaTime, frame?: MediaTime }} range
+ * @returns {void}
+ */
+export function addRange(ranges, range) {
+  let next = { start: range.start, end: range.end, frame: range.frame ?? ZERO };
+  if (compare(next.end, next.start) <= 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+  const merged = [];
+  let inserted = false;
+  for (const held of ranges) {
+    if (inserted) {
+      merged.push(held);
+    } else if (compare(held.end, next.start) < 0 && !joins(subtract(next.start, held.end), held.frame, next.frame)) {
+      merged.push(held);
+    } else if (compare(next.end, held.start) < 0 && !joins(subtract(held.start, next.end), next.frame, held.frame)) {
+      merged.push(next, held);
+      inserted = true;
+    } else {
+      next = {
+        start: earliest(held.start, next.start),
+        end: latest(held.end, next.end),
+        frame: latest(held.frame, next.frame)
+      };
+    }
+  }
+  if (!inserted) {
+    merged.push(next);
+  }
+  ranges.splice(0, ranges.length, ...merged);
+}
+
+/**
+ * The end of the range that holds `time`, or `time` itself when none does.
+ *
+ * @param {MediaRange[]} ranges - Sorted and disjoint.
+ * @param {MediaTime} time
+ * @returns {MediaTime}
+ */
+export function contiguousEnd(ranges, time) {
+  for (const range of ranges) {
+    if (compare(range.start, time) <= 0 && compare(time, range.end) <= 0) {
+      return range.end;
+    }
+    if (compare(range.start, time) > 0) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  return time;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Whether `[start, end)` lies inside one range.
+ *
+ * @param {MediaRange[]} ranges
+ * @param {MediaTime} start
+ * @param {MediaTime} end
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+export function contains(ranges, start, end) {
+  return ranges.some((range) => compare(range.start, start) <= 0 && compare(end, range.end) <= 0);
+}