@torrent-tv/proxy 2.87.4 → 2.87.6

package/services/encode/LocalObservations.js

@@ -1,359 +1,359 @@
-/**
- * @file What this proxy has seen its own admitted encodes do, kept between
- * runs and used only on the configuration it was seen on (roadmap item 97,
- * step 14).
- *
- * NOT A TABLE OF QUALITY, and not a condition for anything. The proxy selects,
- * admits and serves with nothing kept here at all: the startup calibration is
- * what qualifies a mode and prices it, and the admission is what decides
- * whether there is room. What is kept here makes three of those figures more
- * exact on THIS machine once it has done the work for real:
- *
- * 1. how fast an encode of this mode, at this size, actually ran alone on this
- *    kind of source — used in place of the startup prediction when an output
- *    of that mode is priced;
- * 2. what the segments of an output of this mode and rate control actually
- *    carried, average and peak — used as the peak of an encoder that states no
- *    bound of its own (a hardware encoder has no `maxrate`), which otherwise
- *    has no figure at all;
- * 3. how long an output of this mode took to have the piece a viewer needed
- *    after it was asked for, and what that viewer held when they moved — used
- *    as the time to ready when deciding whether a draining buffer is a threat.
- *
- * WHAT IS NEVER KEPT: a picture, a clip, a segment, anything about a viewer
- * beyond the seconds they held, and anything that leaves this machine.
- *
- * WHAT DECIDES WHETHER A FIGURE APPLIES is the configuration it was seen on:
- * every key starts with the configuration key of the encoder that made it
- * (`fingerprint.js`). A figure seen on another ffmpeg, another libx264, another
- * processor or thread count, another device or driver matches nothing and is
- * dropped when the file is read — not converted, not scaled.
- *
- * AND WHETHER IT IS COMPARABLE. A speed is used only for a source of the same
- * codec, bit depth and frame, whose bitrate is no higher than the one it was
- * seen on — a slower reading on harder material is safe to apply to easier
- * material, the reverse is not — and it is the SLOWEST such reading that is
- * used. The largest peak and the longest preparation are used, for the same
- * reason: each errs toward the viewer.
- *
- * Written when something is noted — a run ending, a move completing — which
- * is rare, so a process that is killed loses at most what it was doing.
- */
-
-import { readFileSync, writeFileSync } from "node:fs";
-import { configurationKeyOf, kindOfEncoderName } from "./fingerprint.js";
-
-/**
- * How many readings are kept per key. A history window, not a figure about the
- * machine: long enough that one run cannot decide, short enough that the
- * figure follows the host as it changes. The same length the host timings keep
- * (`quality/HostTimings.js`).
- */
-const READINGS_KEPT = 20;
-
-/** The version of the file's shape; a file of another shape is not read. */
-const FILE_VERSION = 1;
-
-/**
- * @typedef {object} ContentDescriptor
- * @property {string} codec
- * @property {number | null} bitDepth
- * @property {number} width
- * @property {number} height
- * @property {number} megabitsPerSecond
- */
-
-export class LocalObservations {
-  /** @type {import("./fingerprint.js").HostFingerprint} */
-  #fingerprint;
-
-  /** @type {string} */
-  #filePath;
-
-  /** @type {{ info: (m: string) => void, warn: (m: string) => void }} */
-  #logger;
-
-  /** @type {() => number} */
-  #now;
-
-  /** @type {{ speed: Record<string, object[]>, rates: Record<string, object[]>, preparation: Record<string, object[]> }} */
-  #entries = { speed: {}, rates: {}, preparation: {} };
-
-  /**
-   * @param {object} params
-   * @param {import("./fingerprint.js").HostFingerprint} params.fingerprint
-   * @param {string} params.filePath - Where the readings are kept; empty keeps
-   *   them for this process only.
-   * @param {{ info: (m: string) => void, warn: (m: string) => void }} [params.logger]
-   * @param {() => number} [params.now]
-   */
-  constructor({ fingerprint, filePath, logger = null, now = Date.now }) {
-    if (!fingerprint || typeof fingerprint !== "object") {
-      throw new TypeError("LocalObservations requires the host's fingerprint");
-    }
-    this.#fingerprint = fingerprint;
-    this.#filePath = typeof filePath === "string" ? filePath : "";
-    this.#logger = logger ?? { info: () => {}, warn: () => {} };
-    this.#now = now;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * The key of the MODE an output is encoded in: the configuration, the
-   * encoder, the frame and rate, the speed setting and whether it tone-maps.
-   * Null for an output that re-encodes no picture.
-   *
-   * @param {import("./output/OutputSpec.js").OutputSpec | null | undefined} spec
-   * @returns {string | null}
-   */
-  modeKeyOf(spec) {
-    const encode = spec?.video?.encode;
-    if (!encode) {
-      return null;
-    }
-    const configuration = configurationKeyOf(this.#fingerprint, {
-      name: encode.encoder,
-      kind: kindOfEncoderName(encode.encoder)
-    });
-    return `${configuration}|${encode.encoder}/${encode.width}x${encode.height}@${encode.fps}/` +
-      `${encode.preset ?? "-"}/${encode.tonemap ? "tonemap" : "none"}`;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * The mode's key with its rate control, which is what bounds what its
-   * segments carry.
-   *
-   * @param {import("./output/OutputSpec.js").OutputSpec | null | undefined} spec
-   * @returns {string | null}
-   */
-  rateKeyOf(spec) {
-    const mode = this.modeKeyOf(spec);
-    if (mode === null) {
-      return null;
-    }
-    const rate = spec.video.encode.rateControl;
-    return `${mode}/vbv=${rate ? `${rate.maxrateKbps}k-${rate.bufsizeKbps}k@${rate.level ?? "-"}` : "-"}`;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Read what an earlier run kept, dropping whatever no current configuration
-   * matches.
-   *
-   * @param {string[]} currentConfigurations - The configuration keys of every
-   *   encoder this process may use.
-   * @returns {void}
-   */
-  load(currentConfigurations) {
-    if (!this.#filePath) {
-      return;
-    }
-    let raw;
-    try {
-      raw = JSON.parse(readFileSync(this.#filePath, "utf8"));
-    } catch {
-      return; // no file yet, or unreadable: nothing is known, which is the base case
-    }
-    if (raw?.version !== FILE_VERSION || !raw.entries || typeof raw.entries !== "object") {
-      this.#logger.info(`local observations: ${this.#filePath} is of another shape; starting afresh`);
-      return;
-    }
-    const allowed = new Set(currentConfigurations);
-    let kept = 0;
-    let dropped = 0;
-    for (const kind of ["speed", "rates", "preparation"]) {
-      const section = raw.entries[kind] && typeof raw.entries[kind] === "object" ? raw.entries[kind] : {};
-      for (const [key, readings] of Object.entries(section)) {
-        const configuration = key.split("|")[0];
-        if (!allowed.has(configuration) || !Array.isArray(readings)) {
-          dropped += 1;
-          continue;
-        }
-        this.#entries[kind][key] = readings.slice(-READINGS_KEPT);
-        kept += 1;
-      }
-    }
-    this.#logger.info(
-      `local observations: ${kept} key(s) kept from ${this.#filePath}` +
-      (dropped > 0 ? `, ${dropped} dropped because they were seen on a configuration this host no longer has` : "")
-    );
-    if (dropped > 0) {
-      this.#save();
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * An encode of this output has ended: keep how fast it ran alone and what
-   * its segments carried.
-   *
-   * @param {object} params
-   * @param {import("./output/OutputSpec.js").OutputSpec} params.spec
-   * @param {ContentDescriptor | null} params.content - What it was encoded from.
-   * @param {number | null} params.aloneSpeedX - Seconds of film per second,
-   *   measured with nothing else encoding.
-   * @param {{ averageKbps: number, peakKbps: number } | null} params.segmentKbps
-   * @returns {void}
-   */
-  noteEncode({ spec, content, aloneSpeedX, segmentKbps }) {
-    const modeKey = this.modeKeyOf(spec);
-    if (modeKey === null) {
-      return;
-    }
-    let changed = false;
-    if (Number.isFinite(aloneSpeedX) && aloneSpeedX > 0 && LocalObservations.#usableContent(content)) {
-      this.#push("speed", modeKey, { content, speedX: aloneSpeedX, at: this.#now() });
-      changed = true;
-    }
-    const rateKey = this.rateKeyOf(spec);
-    if (
-      segmentKbps &&
-      Number.isFinite(segmentKbps.averageKbps) && segmentKbps.averageKbps > 0 &&
-      Number.isFinite(segmentKbps.peakKbps) && segmentKbps.peakKbps > 0
-    ) {
-      this.#push("rates", rateKey, {
-        averageKbps: segmentKbps.averageKbps,
-        peakKbps: segmentKbps.peakKbps,
-        at: this.#now()
-      });
-      changed = true;
-    }
-    if (changed) {
-      this.#save();
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * A viewer has been moved onto an output that was being prepared for them:
-   * keep how long it took and what they held when they moved.
-   *
-   * @param {object} params
-   * @param {import("./output/OutputSpec.js").OutputSpec} params.spec - The output moved onto.
-   * @param {number} params.seconds - From the preparation starting to the move.
-   * @param {number | null} params.bufferedSec - What the viewer held at the move.
-   * @returns {void}
-   */
-  notePreparation({ spec, seconds, bufferedSec }) {
-    const modeKey = this.modeKeyOf(spec);
-    if (modeKey === null || !(Number.isFinite(seconds) && seconds >= 0)) {
-      return;
-    }
-    this.#push("preparation", modeKey, {
-      seconds,
-      bufferedSec: Number.isFinite(bufferedSec) ? bufferedSec : null,
-      at: this.#now()
-    });
-    this.#save();
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * The slowest this mode has been seen running alone on comparable material,
-   * or null where nothing comparable has been seen.
-   *
-   * @param {import("./output/OutputSpec.js").OutputSpec} spec
-   * @param {ContentDescriptor | null} content
-   * @returns {number | null}
-   */
-  slowestAloneSpeed(spec, content) {
-    const modeKey = this.modeKeyOf(spec);
-    if (modeKey === null || !LocalObservations.#usableContent(content)) {
-      return null;
-    }
-    let slowest = null;
-    for (const reading of this.#entries.speed[modeKey] ?? []) {
-      const seen = reading.content;
-      if (
-        seen?.codec === content.codec &&
-        (seen?.bitDepth ?? null) === (content.bitDepth ?? null) &&
-        seen?.width === content.width &&
-        seen?.height === content.height &&
-        seen?.megabitsPerSecond >= content.megabitsPerSecond
-      ) {
-        slowest = slowest === null ? reading.speedX : Math.min(slowest, reading.speedX);
-      }
-    }
-    return slowest;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * The largest peak an output of this mode and rate control has been seen
-   * carrying, in megabits per second, or null.
-   *
-   * @param {import("./output/OutputSpec.js").OutputSpec} spec
-   * @returns {number | null}
-   */
-  peakMbps(spec) {
-    const rateKey = this.rateKeyOf(spec);
-    const readings = rateKey === null ? [] : (this.#entries.rates[rateKey] ?? []);
-    return readings.length === 0 ? null : Math.max(...readings.map((reading) => reading.peakKbps)) / 1000;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * The longest an output of this mode has been seen taking to be ready for a
-   * viewer moving onto it, in seconds, or null.
-   *
-   * @param {import("./output/OutputSpec.js").OutputSpec} spec
-   * @returns {number | null}
-   */
-  longestPreparationSec(spec) {
-    const modeKey = this.modeKeyOf(spec);
-    const readings = modeKey === null ? [] : (this.#entries.preparation[modeKey] ?? []);
-    return readings.length === 0 ? null : Math.max(...readings.map((reading) => reading.seconds));
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * @param {"speed" | "rates" | "preparation"} kind
-   * @param {string} key
-   * @param {object} reading
-   * @returns {void}
-   */
-  #push(kind, key, reading) {
-    const readings = [...(this.#entries[kind][key] ?? []), reading].slice(-READINGS_KEPT);
-    this.#entries[kind][key] = readings;
-  }
-
-  /** @returns {void} */
-  #save() {
-    if (!this.#filePath) {
-      return;
-    }
-    try {
-      writeFileSync(this.#filePath, JSON.stringify({ version: FILE_VERSION, entries: this.#entries }));
-    } catch (error) {
-      // A read-only install keeps what it learned for this process only.
-      this.#logger.warn(
-        `local observations: could not write ${this.#filePath} (${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)})`
-      );
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * @param {ContentDescriptor | null} content
-   * @returns {boolean}
-   */
-  static #usableContent(content) {
-    return Boolean(content) &&
-      typeof content.codec === "string" && content.codec.length > 0 &&
-      content.width > 0 && content.height > 0 &&
-      Number.isFinite(content.megabitsPerSecond) && content.megabitsPerSecond > 0;
-  }
-}
-
-/**
- * What an observation of an encode is filed as having been made FROM.
- *
- * @param {{ width: number | null, height: number | null, decode: { codec: string, bitDepth: number | null, megabitsPerSecond: number } | null } | null} file
- * @returns {ContentDescriptor | null}
- */
-export function contentOf(file) {
-  const decode = file?.decode ?? null;
-  const width = Number(file?.width) || 0;
-  const height = Number(file?.height) || 0;
-  if (!decode || width <= 0 || height <= 0) {
-    return null;
-  }
-  return {
-    codec: decode.codec,
-    bitDepth: decode.bitDepth ?? null,
-    width,
-    height,
-    megabitsPerSecond: decode.megabitsPerSecond
-  };
-}
+/**
+ * @file What this proxy has seen its own admitted encodes do, kept between
+ * runs and used only on the configuration it was seen on (roadmap item 97,
+ * step 14).
+ *
+ * NOT A TABLE OF QUALITY, and not a condition for anything. The proxy selects,
+ * admits and serves with nothing kept here at all: the startup calibration is
+ * what qualifies a mode and prices it, and the admission is what decides
+ * whether there is room. What is kept here makes three of those figures more
+ * exact on THIS machine once it has done the work for real:
+ *
+ * 1. how fast an encode of this mode, at this size, actually ran alone on this
+ *    kind of source — used in place of the startup prediction when an output
+ *    of that mode is priced;
+ * 2. what the segments of an output of this mode and rate control actually
+ *    carried, average and peak — used as the peak of an encoder that states no
+ *    bound of its own (a hardware encoder has no `maxrate`), which otherwise
+ *    has no figure at all;
+ * 3. how long an output of this mode took to have the piece a viewer needed
+ *    after it was asked for, and what that viewer held when they moved — used
+ *    as the time to ready when deciding whether a draining buffer is a threat.
+ *
+ * WHAT IS NEVER KEPT: a picture, a clip, a segment, anything about a viewer
+ * beyond the seconds they held, and anything that leaves this machine.
+ *
+ * WHAT DECIDES WHETHER A FIGURE APPLIES is the configuration it was seen on:
+ * every key starts with the configuration key of the encoder that made it
+ * (`fingerprint.js`). A figure seen on another ffmpeg, another libx264, another
+ * processor or thread count, another device or driver matches nothing and is
+ * dropped when the file is read — not converted, not scaled.
+ *
+ * AND WHETHER IT IS COMPARABLE. A speed is used only for a source of the same
+ * codec, bit depth and frame, whose bitrate is no higher than the one it was
+ * seen on — a slower reading on harder material is safe to apply to easier
+ * material, the reverse is not — and it is the SLOWEST such reading that is
+ * used. The largest peak and the longest preparation are used, for the same
+ * reason: each errs toward the viewer.
+ *
+ * Written when something is noted — a run ending, a move completing — which
+ * is rare, so a process that is killed loses at most what it was doing.
+ */
+
+import { readFileSync, writeFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import { configurationKeyOf, kindOfEncoderName } from "./fingerprint.js";
+
+/**
+ * How many readings are kept per key. A history window, not a figure about the
+ * machine: long enough that one run cannot decide, short enough that the
+ * figure follows the host as it changes. The same length the host timings keep
+ * (`quality/HostTimings.js`).
+ */
+const READINGS_KEPT = 20;
+
+/** The version of the file's shape; a file of another shape is not read. */
+const FILE_VERSION = 1;
+
+/**
+ * @typedef {object} ContentDescriptor
+ * @property {string} codec
+ * @property {number | null} bitDepth
+ * @property {number} width
+ * @property {number} height
+ * @property {number} megabitsPerSecond
+ */
+
+export class LocalObservations {
+  /** @type {import("./fingerprint.js").HostFingerprint} */
+  #fingerprint;
+
+  /** @type {string} */
+  #filePath;
+
+  /** @type {{ info: (m: string) => void, warn: (m: string) => void }} */
+  #logger;
+
+  /** @type {() => number} */
+  #now;
+
+  /** @type {{ speed: Record<string, object[]>, rates: Record<string, object[]>, preparation: Record<string, object[]> }} */
+  #entries = { speed: {}, rates: {}, preparation: {} };
+
+  /**
+   * @param {object} params
+   * @param {import("./fingerprint.js").HostFingerprint} params.fingerprint
+   * @param {string} params.filePath - Where the readings are kept; empty keeps
+   *   them for this process only.
+   * @param {{ info: (m: string) => void, warn: (m: string) => void }} [params.logger]
+   * @param {() => number} [params.now]
+   */
+  constructor({ fingerprint, filePath, logger = null, now = Date.now }) {
+    if (!fingerprint || typeof fingerprint !== "object") {
+      throw new TypeError("LocalObservations requires the host's fingerprint");
+    }
+    this.#fingerprint = fingerprint;
+    this.#filePath = typeof filePath === "string" ? filePath : "";
+    this.#logger = logger ?? { info: () => {}, warn: () => {} };
+    this.#now = now;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The key of the MODE an output is encoded in: the configuration, the
+   * encoder, the frame and rate, the speed setting and whether it tone-maps.
+   * Null for an output that re-encodes no picture.
+   *
+   * @param {import("./output/OutputSpec.js").OutputSpec | null | undefined} spec
+   * @returns {string | null}
+   */
+  modeKeyOf(spec) {
+    const encode = spec?.video?.encode;
+    if (!encode) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    const configuration = configurationKeyOf(this.#fingerprint, {
+      name: encode.encoder,
+      kind: kindOfEncoderName(encode.encoder)
+    });
+    return `${configuration}|${encode.encoder}/${encode.width}x${encode.height}@${encode.fps}/` +
+      `${encode.preset ?? "-"}/${encode.tonemap ? "tonemap" : "none"}`;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The mode's key with its rate control, which is what bounds what its
+   * segments carry.
+   *
+   * @param {import("./output/OutputSpec.js").OutputSpec | null | undefined} spec
+   * @returns {string | null}
+   */
+  rateKeyOf(spec) {
+    const mode = this.modeKeyOf(spec);
+    if (mode === null) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    const rate = spec.video.encode.rateControl;
+    return `${mode}/vbv=${rate ? `${rate.maxrateKbps}k-${rate.bufsizeKbps}k@${rate.level ?? "-"}` : "-"}`;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Read what an earlier run kept, dropping whatever no current configuration
+   * matches.
+   *
+   * @param {string[]} currentConfigurations - The configuration keys of every
+   *   encoder this process may use.
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  load(currentConfigurations) {
+    if (!this.#filePath) {
+      return;
+    }
+    let raw;
+    try {
+      raw = JSON.parse(readFileSync(this.#filePath, "utf8"));
+    } catch {
+      return; // no file yet, or unreadable: nothing is known, which is the base case
+    }
+    if (raw?.version !== FILE_VERSION || !raw.entries || typeof raw.entries !== "object") {
+      this.#logger.info(`local observations: ${this.#filePath} is of another shape; starting afresh`);
+      return;
+    }
+    const allowed = new Set(currentConfigurations);
+    let kept = 0;
+    let dropped = 0;
+    for (const kind of ["speed", "rates", "preparation"]) {
+      const section = raw.entries[kind] && typeof raw.entries[kind] === "object" ? raw.entries[kind] : {};
+      for (const [key, readings] of Object.entries(section)) {
+        const configuration = key.split("|")[0];
+        if (!allowed.has(configuration) || !Array.isArray(readings)) {
+          dropped += 1;
+          continue;
+        }
+        this.#entries[kind][key] = readings.slice(-READINGS_KEPT);
+        kept += 1;
+      }
+    }
+    this.#logger.info(
+      `local observations: ${kept} key(s) kept from ${this.#filePath}` +
+      (dropped > 0 ? `, ${dropped} dropped because they were seen on a configuration this host no longer has` : "")
+    );
+    if (dropped > 0) {
+      this.#save();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * An encode of this output has ended: keep how fast it ran alone and what
+   * its segments carried.
+   *
+   * @param {object} params
+   * @param {import("./output/OutputSpec.js").OutputSpec} params.spec
+   * @param {ContentDescriptor | null} params.content - What it was encoded from.
+   * @param {number | null} params.aloneSpeedX - Seconds of film per second,
+   *   measured with nothing else encoding.
+   * @param {{ averageKbps: number, peakKbps: number } | null} params.segmentKbps
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  noteEncode({ spec, content, aloneSpeedX, segmentKbps }) {
+    const modeKey = this.modeKeyOf(spec);
+    if (modeKey === null) {
+      return;
+    }
+    let changed = false;
+    if (Number.isFinite(aloneSpeedX) && aloneSpeedX > 0 && LocalObservations.#usableContent(content)) {
+      this.#push("speed", modeKey, { content, speedX: aloneSpeedX, at: this.#now() });
+      changed = true;
+    }
+    const rateKey = this.rateKeyOf(spec);
+    if (
+      segmentKbps &&
+      Number.isFinite(segmentKbps.averageKbps) && segmentKbps.averageKbps > 0 &&
+      Number.isFinite(segmentKbps.peakKbps) && segmentKbps.peakKbps > 0
+    ) {
+      this.#push("rates", rateKey, {
+        averageKbps: segmentKbps.averageKbps,
+        peakKbps: segmentKbps.peakKbps,
+        at: this.#now()
+      });
+      changed = true;
+    }
+    if (changed) {
+      this.#save();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A viewer has been moved onto an output that was being prepared for them:
+   * keep how long it took and what they held when they moved.
+   *
+   * @param {object} params
+   * @param {import("./output/OutputSpec.js").OutputSpec} params.spec - The output moved onto.
+   * @param {number} params.seconds - From the preparation starting to the move.
+   * @param {number | null} params.bufferedSec - What the viewer held at the move.
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  notePreparation({ spec, seconds, bufferedSec }) {
+    const modeKey = this.modeKeyOf(spec);
+    if (modeKey === null || !(Number.isFinite(seconds) && seconds >= 0)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this.#push("preparation", modeKey, {
+      seconds,
+      bufferedSec: Number.isFinite(bufferedSec) ? bufferedSec : null,
+      at: this.#now()
+    });
+    this.#save();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The slowest this mode has been seen running alone on comparable material,
+   * or null where nothing comparable has been seen.
+   *
+   * @param {import("./output/OutputSpec.js").OutputSpec} spec
+   * @param {ContentDescriptor | null} content
+   * @returns {number | null}
+   */
+  slowestAloneSpeed(spec, content) {
+    const modeKey = this.modeKeyOf(spec);
+    if (modeKey === null || !LocalObservations.#usableContent(content)) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    let slowest = null;
+    for (const reading of this.#entries.speed[modeKey] ?? []) {
+      const seen = reading.content;
+      if (
+        seen?.codec === content.codec &&
+        (seen?.bitDepth ?? null) === (content.bitDepth ?? null) &&
+        seen?.width === content.width &&
+        seen?.height === content.height &&
+        seen?.megabitsPerSecond >= content.megabitsPerSecond
+      ) {
+        slowest = slowest === null ? reading.speedX : Math.min(slowest, reading.speedX);
+      }
+    }
+    return slowest;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The largest peak an output of this mode and rate control has been seen
+   * carrying, in megabits per second, or null.
+   *
+   * @param {import("./output/OutputSpec.js").OutputSpec} spec
+   * @returns {number | null}
+   */
+  peakMbps(spec) {
+    const rateKey = this.rateKeyOf(spec);
+    const readings = rateKey === null ? [] : (this.#entries.rates[rateKey] ?? []);
+    return readings.length === 0 ? null : Math.max(...readings.map((reading) => reading.peakKbps)) / 1000;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The longest an output of this mode has been seen taking to be ready for a
+   * viewer moving onto it, in seconds, or null.
+   *
+   * @param {import("./output/OutputSpec.js").OutputSpec} spec
+   * @returns {number | null}
+   */
+  longestPreparationSec(spec) {
+    const modeKey = this.modeKeyOf(spec);
+    const readings = modeKey === null ? [] : (this.#entries.preparation[modeKey] ?? []);
+    return readings.length === 0 ? null : Math.max(...readings.map((reading) => reading.seconds));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {"speed" | "rates" | "preparation"} kind
+   * @param {string} key
+   * @param {object} reading
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  #push(kind, key, reading) {
+    const readings = [...(this.#entries[kind][key] ?? []), reading].slice(-READINGS_KEPT);
+    this.#entries[kind][key] = readings;
+  }
+
+  /** @returns {void} */
+  #save() {
+    if (!this.#filePath) {
+      return;
+    }
+    try {
+      writeFileSync(this.#filePath, JSON.stringify({ version: FILE_VERSION, entries: this.#entries }));
+    } catch (error) {
+      // A read-only install keeps what it learned for this process only.
+      this.#logger.warn(
+        `local observations: could not write ${this.#filePath} (${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)})`
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {ContentDescriptor | null} content
+   * @returns {boolean}
+   */
+  static #usableContent(content) {
+    return Boolean(content) &&
+      typeof content.codec === "string" && content.codec.length > 0 &&
+      content.width > 0 && content.height > 0 &&
+      Number.isFinite(content.megabitsPerSecond) && content.megabitsPerSecond > 0;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * What an observation of an encode is filed as having been made FROM.
+ *
+ * @param {{ width: number | null, height: number | null, decode: { codec: string, bitDepth: number | null, megabitsPerSecond: number } | null } | null} file
+ * @returns {ContentDescriptor | null}
+ */
+export function contentOf(file) {
+  const decode = file?.decode ?? null;
+  const width = Number(file?.width) || 0;
+  const height = Number(file?.height) || 0;
+  if (!decode || width <= 0 || height <= 0) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  return {
+    codec: decode.codec,
+    bitDepth: decode.bitDepth ?? null,
+    width,
+    height,
+    megabitsPerSecond: decode.megabitsPerSecond
+  };
+}