@synsci/cli-darwin-x64 1.1.49

package/bin/skills/ray-data/SKILL.md

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+---
+name: ray-data
+description: Scalable data processing for ML workloads. Streaming execution across CPU/GPU, supports Parquet/CSV/JSON/images. Integrates with Ray Train, PyTorch, TensorFlow. Scales from single machine to 100s of nodes. Use for batch inference, data preprocessing, multi-modal data loading, or distributed ETL pipelines.
+version: 1.0.0
+author: Synthetic Sciences
+license: MIT
+tags: [Data Processing, Ray Data, Distributed Computing, ML Pipelines, Batch Inference, ETL, Scalable, Ray, PyTorch, TensorFlow]
+dependencies: [ray[data], pyarrow, pandas]
+---
+
+# Ray Data - Scalable ML Data Processing
+
+Distributed data processing library for ML and AI workloads.
+
+## When to use Ray Data
+
+**Use Ray Data when:**
+- Processing large datasets (>100GB) for ML training
+- Need distributed data preprocessing across cluster
+- Building batch inference pipelines
+- Loading multi-modal data (images, audio, video)
+- Scaling data processing from laptop to cluster
+
+**Key features**:
+- **Streaming execution**: Process data larger than memory
+- **GPU support**: Accelerate transforms with GPUs
+- **Framework integration**: PyTorch, TensorFlow, HuggingFace
+- **Multi-modal**: Images, Parquet, CSV, JSON, audio, video
+
+**Use alternatives instead**:
+- **Pandas**: Small data (<1GB) on single machine
+- **Dask**: Tabular data, SQL-like operations
+- **Spark**: Enterprise ETL, SQL queries
+
+## Quick start
+
+### Installation
+
+```bash
+pip install -U 'ray[data]'
+```
+
+### Load and transform data
+
+```python
+import ray
+
+# Read Parquet files
+ds = ray.data.read_parquet("s3://bucket/data/*.parquet")
+
+# Transform data (lazy execution)
+ds = ds.map_batches(lambda batch: {"processed": batch["text"].str.lower()})
+
+# Consume data
+for batch in ds.iter_batches(batch_size=100):
+    print(batch)
+```
+
+### Integration with Ray Train
+
+```python
+import ray
+from ray.train import ScalingConfig
+from ray.train.torch import TorchTrainer
+
+# Create dataset
+train_ds = ray.data.read_parquet("s3://bucket/train/*.parquet")
+
+def train_func(config):
+    # Access dataset in training
+    train_ds = ray.train.get_dataset_shard("train")
+
+    for epoch in range(10):
+        for batch in train_ds.iter_batches(batch_size=32):
+            # Train on batch
+            pass
+
+# Train with Ray
+trainer = TorchTrainer(
+    train_func,
+    datasets={"train": train_ds},
+    scaling_config=ScalingConfig(num_workers=4, use_gpu=True)
+)
+trainer.fit()
+```
+
+## Reading data
+
+### From cloud storage
+
+```python
+import ray
+
+# Parquet (recommended for ML)
+ds = ray.data.read_parquet("s3://bucket/data/*.parquet")
+
+# CSV
+ds = ray.data.read_csv("s3://bucket/data/*.csv")
+
+# JSON
+ds = ray.data.read_json("gs://bucket/data/*.json")
+
+# Images
+ds = ray.data.read_images("s3://bucket/images/")
+```
+
+### From Python objects
+
+```python
+# From list
+ds = ray.data.from_items([{"id": i, "value": i * 2} for i in range(1000)])
+
+# From range
+ds = ray.data.range(1000000)  # Synthetic data
+
+# From pandas
+import pandas as pd
+df = pd.DataFrame({"col1": [1, 2, 3], "col2": [4, 5, 6]})
+ds = ray.data.from_pandas(df)
+```
+
+## Transformations
+
+### Map batches (vectorized)
+
+```python
+# Batch transformation (fast)
+def process_batch(batch):
+    batch["doubled"] = batch["value"] * 2
+    return batch
+
+ds = ds.map_batches(process_batch, batch_size=1000)
+```
+
+### Row transformations
+
+```python
+# Row-by-row (slower)
+def process_row(row):
+    row["squared"] = row["value"] ** 2
+    return row
+
+ds = ds.map(process_row)
+```
+
+### Filter
+
+```python
+# Filter rows
+ds = ds.filter(lambda row: row["value"] > 100)
+```
+
+### Group by and aggregate
+
+```python
+# Group by column
+ds = ds.groupby("category").count()
+
+# Custom aggregation
+ds = ds.groupby("category").map_groups(lambda group: {"sum": group["value"].sum()})
+```
+
+## GPU-accelerated transforms
+
+```python
+# Use GPU for preprocessing
+def preprocess_images_gpu(batch):
+    import torch
+    images = torch.tensor(batch["image"]).cuda()
+    # GPU preprocessing
+    processed = images * 255
+    return {"processed": processed.cpu().numpy()}
+
+ds = ds.map_batches(
+    preprocess_images_gpu,
+    batch_size=64,
+    num_gpus=1  # Request GPU
+)
+```
+
+## Writing data
+
+```python
+# Write to Parquet
+ds.write_parquet("s3://bucket/output/")
+
+# Write to CSV
+ds.write_csv("output/")
+
+# Write to JSON
+ds.write_json("output/")
+```
+
+## Performance optimization
+
+### Repartition
+
+```python
+# Control parallelism
+ds = ds.repartition(100)  # 100 blocks for 100-core cluster
+```
+
+### Batch size tuning
+
+```python
+# Larger batches = faster vectorized ops
+ds.map_batches(process_fn, batch_size=10000)  # vs batch_size=100
+```
+
+### Streaming execution
+
+```python
+# Process data larger than memory
+ds = ray.data.read_parquet("s3://huge-dataset/")
+for batch in ds.iter_batches(batch_size=1000):
+    process(batch)  # Streamed, not loaded to memory
+```
+
+## Common patterns
+
+### Batch inference
+
+```python
+import ray
+
+# Load model
+def load_model():
+    # Load once per worker
+    return MyModel()
+
+# Inference function
+class BatchInference:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.model = load_model()
+
+    def __call__(self, batch):
+        predictions = self.model(batch["input"])
+        return {"prediction": predictions}
+
+# Run distributed inference
+ds = ray.data.read_parquet("s3://data/")
+predictions = ds.map_batches(BatchInference, batch_size=32, num_gpus=1)
+predictions.write_parquet("s3://output/")
+```
+
+### Data preprocessing pipeline
+
+```python
+# Multi-step pipeline
+ds = (
+    ray.data.read_parquet("s3://raw/")
+    .map_batches(clean_data)
+    .map_batches(tokenize)
+    .map_batches(augment)
+    .write_parquet("s3://processed/")
+)
+```
+
+## Integration with ML frameworks
+
+### PyTorch
+
+```python
+# Convert to PyTorch
+torch_ds = ds.to_torch(label_column="label", batch_size=32)
+
+for batch in torch_ds:
+    # batch is dict with tensors
+    inputs, labels = batch["features"], batch["label"]
+```
+
+### TensorFlow
+
+```python
+# Convert to TensorFlow
+tf_ds = ds.to_tf(feature_columns=["image"], label_column="label", batch_size=32)
+
+for features, labels in tf_ds:
+    # Train model
+    pass
+```
+
+## Supported data formats
+
+| Format | Read | Write | Use Case |
+|--------|------|-------|----------|
+| Parquet | ✅ | ✅ | ML data (recommended) |
+| CSV | ✅ | ✅ | Tabular data |
+| JSON | ✅ | ✅ | Semi-structured |
+| Images | ✅ | ❌ | Computer vision |
+| NumPy | ✅ | ✅ | Arrays |
+| Pandas | ✅ | ❌ | DataFrames |
+
+## Performance benchmarks
+
+**Scaling** (processing 100GB data):
+- 1 node (16 cores): ~30 minutes
+- 4 nodes (64 cores): ~8 minutes
+- 16 nodes (256 cores): ~2 minutes
+
+**GPU acceleration** (image preprocessing):
+- CPU only: 1,000 images/sec
+- 1 GPU: 5,000 images/sec
+- 4 GPUs: 18,000 images/sec
+
+## Use cases
+
+**Production deployments**:
+- **Pinterest**: Last-mile data processing for model training
+- **ByteDance**: Scaling offline inference with multi-modal LLMs
+- **Spotify**: ML platform for batch inference
+
+## References
+
+- **[Transformations Guide](references/transformations.md)** - Map, filter, groupby operations
+- **[Integration Guide](references/integration.md)** - Ray Train, PyTorch, TensorFlow
+
+## Resources
+
+- **Docs**: https://docs.ray.io/en/latest/data/data.html
+- **GitHub**: https://github.com/ray-project/ray ⭐ 36,000+
+- **Version**: Ray 2.40.0+
+- **Examples**: https://docs.ray.io/en/latest/data/examples/overview.html
+
+
+

package/bin/skills/ray-data/references/integration.md

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+# Ray Data Integration Guide
+
+Integration with Ray Train and ML frameworks.
+
+## Ray Train integration
+
+### Basic training with datasets
+
+```python
+import ray
+from ray.train import ScalingConfig
+from ray.train.torch import TorchTrainer
+
+# Create datasets
+train_ds = ray.data.read_parquet("s3://data/train/")
+val_ds = ray.data.read_parquet("s3://data/val/")
+
+def train_func(config):
+    # Get dataset shards
+    train_ds = ray.train.get_dataset_shard("train")
+    val_ds = ray.train.get_dataset_shard("val")
+
+    for epoch in range(config["epochs"]):
+        # Iterate over batches
+        for batch in train_ds.iter_batches(batch_size=32):
+            # Train on batch
+            pass
+
+# Launch training
+trainer = TorchTrainer(
+    train_func,
+    train_loop_config={"epochs": 10},
+    datasets={"train": train_ds, "val": val_ds},
+    scaling_config=ScalingConfig(num_workers=4, use_gpu=True)
+)
+
+result = trainer.fit()
+```
+
+## PyTorch integration
+
+### Convert to PyTorch Dataset
+
+```python
+# Option 1: to_torch (recommended)
+torch_ds = ds.to_torch(
+    label_column="label",
+    batch_size=32,
+    drop_last=True
+)
+
+for batch in torch_ds:
+    inputs = batch["features"]
+    labels = batch["label"]
+    # Train model
+
+# Option 2: iter_torch_batches
+for batch in ds.iter_torch_batches(batch_size=32):
+    # batch is dict of tensors
+    pass
+```
+
+## TensorFlow integration
+
+```python
+tf_ds = ds.to_tf(
+    feature_columns=["image", "text"],
+    label_column="label",
+    batch_size=32
+)
+
+for features, labels in tf_ds:
+    # Train TensorFlow model
+    pass
+```
+
+## Best practices
+
+1. **Shard datasets in Ray Train** - Automatic with `get_dataset_shard()`
+2. **Use streaming** - Don't load entire dataset to memory
+3. **Preprocess in Ray Data** - Distribute preprocessing across cluster
+4. **Cache preprocessed data** - Write to Parquet, read in training

package/bin/skills/ray-data/references/transformations.md

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+# Ray Data Transformations
+
+Complete guide to data transformations in Ray Data.
+
+## Core operations
+
+### Map batches (vectorized)
+
+```python
+# Recommended for performance
+def process_batch(batch):
+    # batch is dict of numpy arrays or pandas Series
+    batch["doubled"] = batch["value"] * 2
+    return batch
+
+ds = ds.map_batches(process_batch, batch_size=1000)
+```
+
+**Performance**: 10-100× faster than row-by-row
+
+### Map (row-by-row)
+
+```python
+# Use only when vectorization not possible
+def process_row(row):
+    row["squared"] = row["value"] ** 2
+    return row
+
+ds = ds.map(process_row)
+```
+
+### Filter
+
+```python
+# Remove rows
+ds = ds.filter(lambda row: row["score"] > 0.5)
+```
+
+### Flat map
+
+```python
+# One row → multiple rows
+def expand_row(row):
+    return [{"value": row["value"] + i} for i in range(3)]
+
+ds = ds.flat_map(expand_row)
+```
+
+## GPU-accelerated transforms
+
+```python
+def gpu_transform(batch):
+    import torch
+    data = torch.tensor(batch["data"]).cuda()
+    # GPU processing
+    result = data * 2
+    return {"processed": result.cpu().numpy()}
+
+ds = ds.map_batches(gpu_transform, num_gpus=1, batch_size=64)
+```
+
+## Groupby operations
+
+```python
+# Group by column
+grouped = ds.groupby("category")
+
+# Aggregate
+result = grouped.count()
+
+# Custom aggregation
+result = grouped.map_groups(lambda group: {
+    "sum": group["value"].sum(),
+    "mean": group["value"].mean()
+})
+```
+
+## Best practices
+
+1. **Use map_batches over map** - 10-100× faster
+2. **Tune batch_size** - Larger = faster (balance with memory)
+3. **Use GPUs for heavy compute** - Image/audio preprocessing
+4. **Stream large datasets** - Use iter_batches for >memory data