@synsci/cli-darwin-x64 1.1.49

package/bin/skills/megatron-core/references/training-recipes.md

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+# Training Recipes
+
+Complete hyperparameter configurations and training recipes for GPT, LLaMA, and Mixtral models.
+
+## GPT-3 Training Recipes
+
+### GPT-3 15B Configuration
+
+**Model Architecture**:
+```yaml
+num-layers: 32
+hidden-size: 6144
+num-attention-heads: 48
+ffn-hidden-size: 24576  # 4 × hidden-size
+seq-length: 4096
+max-position-embeddings: 4096
+position-embedding-type: rope
+squared-relu: true
+group-query-attention: true
+num-query-groups: 8
+```
+
+**Training Hyperparameters**:
+```yaml
+# Batch Configuration
+micro-batch-size: 4
+global-batch-size: 1152
+rampup-batch-size: [384, 384, 97656250]  # start, increment, total samples
+
+# Learning Rate Schedule
+lr: 4.5e-4
+min-lr: 4.5e-5
+lr-decay-style: cosine
+lr-decay-samples: 1949218748
+lr-warmup-samples: 3906252  # ~2B tokens with seq_len=4096
+
+# Optimizer
+optimizer: adam
+adam-beta1: 0.9
+adam-beta2: 0.95
+weight-decay: 0.1
+clip-grad: 1.0
+
+# Precision
+bf16: true
+
+# Parallelism
+tensor-model-parallel-size: 8
+pipeline-model-parallel-size: 1
+sequence-parallel: true
+use-distributed-optimizer: true
+overlap-grad-reduce: true
+overlap-param-gather: true
+```
+
+**Command**:
+```bash
+torchrun --nproc_per_node=8 --nnodes=4 pretrain_gpt.py \
+  --num-layers 32 \
+  --hidden-size 6144 \
+  --num-attention-heads 48 \
+  --ffn-hidden-size 24576 \
+  --seq-length 4096 \
+  --max-position-embeddings 4096 \
+  --micro-batch-size 4 \
+  --global-batch-size 1152 \
+  --lr 4.5e-4 \
+  --min-lr 4.5e-5 \
+  --lr-decay-style cosine \
+  --lr-warmup-samples 3906252 \
+  --train-samples 1953125000 \
+  --adam-beta1 0.9 \
+  --adam-beta2 0.95 \
+  --weight-decay 0.1 \
+  --clip-grad 1.0 \
+  --bf16 \
+  --tensor-model-parallel-size 8 \
+  --pipeline-model-parallel-size 1 \
+  --sequence-parallel \
+  --use-distributed-optimizer \
+  --overlap-grad-reduce \
+  --overlap-param-gather \
+  --data-path /path/to/data \
+  --vocab-file /path/to/vocab.json \
+  --merge-file /path/to/merges.txt \
+  --save /checkpoints/gpt3-15b \
+  --load /checkpoints/gpt3-15b \
+  --save-interval 1000 \
+  --eval-interval 100
+```
+
+### GPT-3 175B Configuration
+
+**Model Architecture**:
+```yaml
+num-layers: 96
+hidden-size: 12288
+num-attention-heads: 96
+ffn-hidden-size: 49152
+seq-length: 2048
+max-position-embeddings: 2048
+```
+
+**Training Hyperparameters**:
+```yaml
+micro-batch-size: 1
+global-batch-size: 1536
+lr: 6e-5
+min-lr: 6e-6
+lr-decay-style: cosine
+lr-warmup-steps: 2000
+train-iters: 150000
+adam-beta1: 0.9
+adam-beta2: 0.95
+weight-decay: 0.1
+clip-grad: 1.0
+bf16: true
+
+# Parallelism for 512 GPUs
+tensor-model-parallel-size: 4
+pipeline-model-parallel-size: 8
+# Data parallel: 512 / (4 * 8) = 16
+```
+
+## LLaMA Training Recipes
+
+### LLaMA-3 8B
+
+**Model Architecture**:
+```yaml
+num-layers: 32
+hidden-size: 4096
+num-attention-heads: 32
+num-query-groups: 8  # GQA
+ffn-hidden-size: 14336
+seq-length: 8192
+max-position-embeddings: 8192
+position-embedding-type: rope
+rope-theta: 500000
+normalization: RMSNorm
+swiglu: true
+untie-embeddings-and-output-weights: true
+```
+
+**Training Hyperparameters**:
+```yaml
+micro-batch-size: 4
+global-batch-size: 128
+lr: 3e-4
+min-lr: 3e-5
+lr-decay-style: cosine
+lr-warmup-iters: 2000
+train-iters: 100000
+adam-beta1: 0.9
+adam-beta2: 0.95
+weight-decay: 0.1
+clip-grad: 1.0
+bf16: true
+
+# Parallelism for 8 GPUs
+tensor-model-parallel-size: 1
+pipeline-model-parallel-size: 1
+context-parallel-size: 2  # For 8K sequences
+```
+
+**FP8 Training** (H100):
+```bash
+./examples/llama/train_llama3_8b_fp8.sh
+```
+
+Contents:
+```bash
+#!/bin/bash
+torchrun --nproc_per_node=8 pretrain_gpt.py \
+  --num-layers 32 \
+  --hidden-size 4096 \
+  --num-attention-heads 32 \
+  --num-query-groups 8 \
+  --ffn-hidden-size 14336 \
+  --seq-length 8192 \
+  --max-position-embeddings 8192 \
+  --micro-batch-size 2 \
+  --global-batch-size 128 \
+  --lr 3e-4 \
+  --train-iters 100000 \
+  --lr-decay-style cosine \
+  --lr-warmup-iters 2000 \
+  --weight-decay 0.1 \
+  --clip-grad 1.0 \
+  --fp8-hybrid \
+  --fp8-amax-history-len 1024 \
+  --fp8-amax-compute-algo max \
+  --apply-query-key-layer-scaling \
+  --attention-softmax-in-fp32 \
+  --tensor-model-parallel-size 1 \
+  --pipeline-model-parallel-size 1 \
+  --context-parallel-size 2 \
+  --sequence-parallel \
+  --use-mcore-models \
+  --transformer-impl transformer_engine \
+  --data-path /data/llama_train \
+  --vocab-file /data/tokenizer.model \
+  --save-interval 1000
+```
+
+### LLaMA-3 70B
+
+**Model Architecture**:
+```yaml
+num-layers: 80
+hidden-size: 8192
+num-attention-heads: 64
+num-query-groups: 8
+ffn-hidden-size: 28672
+seq-length: 4096
+max-position-embeddings: 4096
+position-embedding-type: rope
+rope-theta: 500000
+normalization: RMSNorm
+swiglu: true
+```
+
+**Training Hyperparameters**:
+```yaml
+micro-batch-size: 1
+global-batch-size: 1024
+lr: 1.5e-4
+min-lr: 1.5e-5
+lr-decay-style: cosine
+lr-warmup-iters: 2000
+adam-beta1: 0.9
+adam-beta2: 0.95
+weight-decay: 0.1
+clip-grad: 1.0
+bf16: true
+
+# Parallelism for 64 GPUs
+tensor-model-parallel-size: 4
+pipeline-model-parallel-size: 4
+context-parallel-size: 2
+# Data parallel: 64 / (4 * 4 * 2) = 2
+```
+
+### LLaMA-3.1 405B
+
+**Model Architecture**:
+```yaml
+num-layers: 126
+hidden-size: 16384
+num-attention-heads: 128
+num-query-groups: 8
+ffn-hidden-size: 53248
+seq-length: 4096
+max-position-embeddings: 131072  # Supports up to 128K
+position-embedding-type: rope
+rope-theta: 500000
+```
+
+**Training Hyperparameters**:
+```yaml
+micro-batch-size: 1
+global-batch-size: 2048
+lr: 8e-5
+min-lr: 8e-6
+lr-decay-style: cosine
+lr-warmup-iters: 8000
+train-samples: 15000000000000  # 15T tokens
+adam-beta1: 0.9
+adam-beta2: 0.95
+weight-decay: 0.1
+clip-grad: 1.0
+bf16: true
+
+# Parallelism for 1024 GPUs
+tensor-model-parallel-size: 8
+pipeline-model-parallel-size: 8
+context-parallel-size: 2
+# Data parallel: 1024 / (8 * 8 * 2) = 8
+```
+
+**Production Configuration** (Meta):
+```bash
+torchrun --nproc_per_node=8 --nnodes=128 pretrain_gpt.py \
+  --num-layers 126 \
+  --hidden-size 16384 \
+  --num-attention-heads 128 \
+  --num-query-groups 8 \
+  --ffn-hidden-size 53248 \
+  --seq-length 4096 \
+  --max-position-embeddings 131072 \
+  --micro-batch-size 1 \
+  --global-batch-size 2048 \
+  --lr 8e-5 \
+  --min-lr 8e-6 \
+  --lr-decay-style cosine \
+  --lr-warmup-iters 8000 \
+  --train-samples 3662109375 \
+  --adam-beta1 0.9 \
+  --adam-beta2 0.95 \
+  --weight-decay 0.1 \
+  --clip-grad 1.0 \
+  --bf16 \
+  --tensor-model-parallel-size 8 \
+  --pipeline-model-parallel-size 8 \
+  --context-parallel-size 2 \
+  --sequence-parallel \
+  --use-distributed-optimizer \
+  --overlap-grad-reduce \
+  --overlap-param-gather \
+  --use-flash-attn-v2 \
+  --position-embedding-type rope \
+  --normalization RMSNorm \
+  --swiglu \
+  --untie-embeddings-and-output-weights \
+  --use-mcore-models \
+  --transformer-impl transformer_engine \
+  --data-path /data/llama3_pretraining \
+  --vocab-file /data/llama3_tokenizer.model \
+  --save /checkpoints/llama3-405b \
+  --save-interval 500 \
+  --eval-interval 100
+```
+
+## Mixtral Training Recipes
+
+### Mixtral 8×7B (56B Total, 13B Active)
+
+**Model Architecture**:
+```yaml
+num-layers: 32
+hidden-size: 4096
+num-attention-heads: 32
+num-query-groups: 8
+ffn-hidden-size: 14336
+seq-length: 4096
+max-position-embeddings: 32768  # Sliding window
+position-embedding-type: rope
+normalization: RMSNorm
+swiglu: true
+
+# MoE Configuration
+num-experts: 8
+moe-router-topk: 2  # Activate 2 experts per token
+moe-router-load-balancing-type: aux_loss
+moe-aux-loss-coeff: 0.01
+```
+
+**Training Hyperparameters**:
+```yaml
+micro-batch-size: 2
+global-batch-size: 512
+lr: 1e-4
+min-lr: 1e-5
+lr-decay-style: cosine
+lr-warmup-iters: 2000
+adam-beta1: 0.9
+adam-beta2: 0.95
+weight-decay: 0.1
+clip-grad: 1.0
+bf16: true
+
+# Parallelism for 64 GPUs
+tensor-model-parallel-size: 1
+pipeline-model-parallel-size: 4
+expert-model-parallel-size: 8
+context-parallel-size: 1
+# Data parallel: 64 / (1 * 4 * 8 * 1) = 2
+```
+
+**Training Command**:
+```bash
+torchrun --nproc_per_node=8 --nnodes=8 pretrain_gpt.py \
+  --num-layers 32 \
+  --hidden-size 4096 \
+  --num-attention-heads 32 \
+  --num-query-groups 8 \
+  --ffn-hidden-size 14336 \
+  --seq-length 4096 \
+  --max-position-embeddings 32768 \
+  --micro-batch-size 2 \
+  --global-batch-size 512 \
+  --lr 1e-4 \
+  --min-lr 1e-5 \
+  --lr-decay-style cosine \
+  --lr-warmup-iters 2000 \
+  --train-iters 100000 \
+  --adam-beta1 0.9 \
+  --adam-beta2 0.95 \
+  --weight-decay 0.1 \
+  --clip-grad 1.0 \
+  --bf16 \
+  --tensor-model-parallel-size 1 \
+  --pipeline-model-parallel-size 4 \
+  --expert-model-parallel-size 8 \
+  --num-experts 8 \
+  --moe-router-topk 2 \
+  --moe-router-load-balancing-type aux_loss \
+  --moe-aux-loss-coeff 0.01 \
+  --position-embedding-type rope \
+  --normalization RMSNorm \
+  --swiglu \
+  --use-mcore-models \
+  --transformer-impl transformer_engine \
+  --data-path /data/mixtral_train \
+  --vocab-file /data/mixtral_tokenizer.model \
+  --save /checkpoints/mixtral-8x7b \
+  --save-interval 1000
+```
+
+### Mixtral 8×22B (176B Total, 39B Active)
+
+**Model Architecture**:
+```yaml
+num-layers: 56
+hidden-size: 6144
+num-attention-heads: 48
+num-query-groups: 8
+ffn-hidden-size: 16384
+seq-length: 4096
+max-position-embeddings: 65536
+
+# MoE Configuration
+num-experts: 8
+moe-router-topk: 2
+```
+
+**Training Hyperparameters**:
+```yaml
+micro-batch-size: 1
+global-batch-size: 1024
+lr: 7e-5
+min-lr: 7e-6
+lr-decay-style: cosine
+adam-beta1: 0.9
+adam-beta2: 0.95
+weight-decay: 0.1
+clip-grad: 1.0
+bf16: true
+
+# Parallelism for 256 GPUs
+tensor-model-parallel-size: 4
+pipeline-model-parallel-size: 4
+expert-model-parallel-size: 8
+# Data parallel: 256 / (4 * 4 * 8) = 2
+```
+
+## DeepSeek-V3 (671B Total, 37B Active)
+
+**Model Architecture**:
+```yaml
+num-layers: 61
+hidden-size: 7168
+num-attention-heads: 128
+num-query-groups: 16
+ffn-hidden-size: 18432
+
+# MoE Configuration
+num-experts: 256
+moe-router-topk: 8  # Multi-head latent attention
+shared-expert-intermediate-size: 18432
+```
+
+**Training Hyperparameters**:
+```yaml
+micro-batch-size: 1
+global-batch-size: 4096
+lr: 2.7e-4
+min-lr: 2.7e-5
+lr-decay-style: cosine
+lr-warmup-tokens: 5B
+train-tokens: 14.8T
+adam-beta1: 0.9
+adam-beta2: 0.95
+weight-decay: 0.1
+clip-grad: 1.0
+bf16: true
+
+# Parallelism for 1024 GPUs
+tensor-model-parallel-size: 2
+pipeline-model-parallel-size: 16
+expert-model-parallel-size: 64
+# Data parallel: 1024 / (2 * 16 * 64) = 0.5 (overlapping)
+```
+
+## Common Training Patterns
+
+### Batch Size Ramp-Up
+
+Many models use gradual batch size increase:
+
+```yaml
+rampup-batch-size: [start_batch, increment, total_samples]
+# Example: [384, 384, 97656250]
+# Start with 384, increase by 384 every step until total_samples
+```
+
+### Learning Rate Schedules
+
+**Cosine Decay** (most common):
+```python
+lr(step) = min_lr + 0.5 * (max_lr - min_lr) * (1 + cos(π * step / total_steps))
+```
+
+**Linear Warmup + Cosine Decay**:
+```python
+if step < warmup_steps:
+    lr(step) = max_lr * step / warmup_steps
+else:
+    lr(step) = cosine_decay(step - warmup_steps)
+```
+
+### Optimizer Settings
+
+**Standard Adam**:
+```yaml
+optimizer: adam
+adam-beta1: 0.9
+adam-beta2: 0.95  # Lower than typical 0.999
+weight-decay: 0.1
+clip-grad: 1.0
+```
+
+**Why beta2=0.95?**
+- More responsive to recent gradients
+- Better for large-scale training
+- Proven in GPT-3, LLaMA, Mixtral
+
+### Data Configuration
+
+**Vocabulary Sizes**:
+- GPT-3: 50,257 tokens
+- LLaMA-3: 128,256 tokens (expanded for multilingual)
+- Mixtral: 32,000 tokens
+
+**Typical Data Mix** (by tokens):
+- Web pages: 60-70%
+- Books: 10-15%
+- GitHub code: 5-10%
+- Academic papers: 5-10%
+- Other (Wikipedia, etc.): 5-10%
+
+## References
+
+- Megatron-LM configurations: `tests/functional_tests/test_cases/`
+- LLaMA-3 training: Meta AI technical report
+- Mixtral training: Mistral AI blog
+- DeepSeek-V3: DeepSeek technical report